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Radwan AS, El Hamd MA, El-Maghrabey M, Mansour FR, Mahdi WA, Alshehri S, Alsehli BR, Magdy G. A highly sensitive first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric approach for the simultaneous analysis of the anti-breast cancer co-administered drugs, letrozole and tramadol in dosage forms and human plasma at nanogram levels. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 319:124532. [PMID: 38820815 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Letrozole is an anticancer medication prescribed for the management of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Chronic pain is prevalent in patients receiving chemotherapy, leading to the use of adjuvant analgesics such as tramadol. This work introduces the first analytical approach for the concurrent quantification of letrozole and tramadol, two co-administered drugs, employing a rapid, highly sensitive, eco-friendly, and cost-effective first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique. The fluorescence of tramadol and letrozole was measured at wavelengths of 235.9 nm and 241.9 nm, respectively using a wavelength difference (Δλ) of 60.0 nm. The developed approach demonstrated exceptional linearity (r ˃ 0.999) within the specified concentration ranges for tramadol (10.0-1200.0 ng/mL) and letrozole (1.0-140.0 ng/mL). The results demonstrated that the proposed technique exhibits a high level of sensitivity, with detection limits of 0.569 and 0.143 ng/mL for tramadol and letrozole, respectively, indicating the good bioanalytical applicability. The within-run precisions, both intra-day and inter-day, for both analytes, were less than 0.71 % RSD. The developed approach was effectively applied to simultaneously estimate the mentioned drugs in their tablets and human plasma samples, achieving high percentage recoveries and low % RSD values. In order to assess the environmental sustainability of the developed approach, Analytical GREEnnessNNESS (AGREE) and the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) metric tools were employed. Both tools revealed that the developed approach is excellent green, suggesting its usage as an environmentally-friendly alternative for the routine assayof the investigated pharmaceuticals. The developed approach was validated according to the ICHQ2 (R1) requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Saad Radwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud El-Maghrabey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Wael A Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar R Alsehli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 30002, Saudi Arabia
| | - Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt.
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Mansour B, Ngo C, Schlemmer D, Robidou P, Blondel J, Marin C, Noé G, Procureur A, Jamelot M, Gligorov J, Salem JE, Zahr N. Simultaneous quantification of four hormone therapy drugs by LC-MS/MS: Clinical applications in breast cancer patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 242:116032. [PMID: 38367520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aromatase inhibitors such as anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane and selective estrogen down-regulator (SERD) fulvestrant are used mostly to treat breast cancer estrogen receptor positive in post-menopausal women. These drugs are given either through the oral route or by intramuscular injection. They have shown great inter-individual variability with a risk of cardiometabolic disorders. Hence the importance of their therapeutic drug monitoring not only for exposure-efficacy but also exposure-toxicity. We describe here a LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane and fulvestrant in human plasma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plasma samples were prepared by a single-step protein precipitation. The liquid chromatography system was paired with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Quantification were achieved in Multiple Reactions Monitoring mode and the electrospray ionization was in positive mode. RESULTS The method demonstrated consistent analytical performance across various parameters, including linearity, specificity, sensitivity, matrix effect, upper and lower limits of quantification, extraction recovery, precision, accuracy, hemolysis effect, dilution integrity, and stability under different storage conditions, in accordance with established guidelines. The analysis time for each run was 4 min. Calibration curves exhibited linearity within the 1-100 ng/mL range, with correlation coefficients > 0.99 for the four analytes. Plasma concentrations from 42 patients were integrated into the selected calibration. Stability assessments indicated that the four drugs remained stable at - 20 °C for three months, 15 days under refrigeration, up to 7 days at room temperature, and after three freeze-thaw cycles. CONCLUSION We have developed and validated this quantitative method for therapeutic drug monitoring of those four hormone therapy drugs:anastrozole, letrozole, fulvestrant and exemestane. This method can be also used for future clinical pharmacokinetics /pharmacodynamics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochra Mansour
- AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de suivi thérapeutique pharmacologique spécialisé, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Clarice Ngo
- AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, CIC-1901, Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Unit, UMR-S 1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Dimitri Schlemmer
- AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de suivi thérapeutique pharmacologique spécialisé, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Robidou
- AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, CIC-1901, Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Unit, UMR-S 1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Juliette Blondel
- AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, CIC-1901, Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Unit, UMR-S 1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Clémence Marin
- AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, CIC-1901, Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Unit, UMR-S 1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Noé
- AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, CIC-1901, Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Unit, UMR-S 1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Adrien Procureur
- AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, CIC-1901, Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Unit, UMR-S 1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Jamelot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Sorbonne University, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Gligorov
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Sorbonne University, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Joe-Elie Salem
- AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, CIC-1901, Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Unit, UMR-S 1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Noël Zahr
- AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de suivi thérapeutique pharmacologique spécialisé, F-75013 Paris, France; AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, CIC-1901, Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Unit, UMR-S 1166, F-75013 Paris, France.
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Mlinarić Z, Turković L, Sertić M. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for determination of six breast cancer drugs in human plasma. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1718:464698. [PMID: 38354504 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we have developed a novel method of aqueous-sample dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (AqS-DLLME) followed by sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MEKC-MS/MS) for simultaneous determination of breast cancer drugs letrozole, anastrozole, palbociclib, ribociclib, abemaciclib, and fulvestrant in human plasma. Coupling of MEKC to MS was possible due to the use of ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) as a volatile surfactant. The MEKC and MS conditions were optimized to achieve a fast, sensitive, selective, and green analysis enabling full separation of the analytes within 16 min. Electrophoretic buffer was 125 mM APFO at apparent pH 10.5 in 32 % MeOH, while sheath liquid was 70 % MeOH with 0.2 % formic acid, delivered at 10 µL/min. Excellent extraction recoveries from plasma ranging from 89.4 to 104.9 % were obtained with a combination of protein precipitation and DLLME. The developed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines. Remarkable selectivity, accuracy (bias < 6.7 %), precision (RSD < 15.8 %), and stability (bias < 10.4 %) with insignificant matrix effect (RSD < 14.0 %) and no carry-over were obtained over a wide range of concentrations. Linearity with inter-day slope RSD lower than 8.7 % was demonstrated. With this method, very low concentrations could be detected after the injection of only 68.7 nL of the sample. The method was applied to plasma samples from six women currently receiving breast cancer treatment. Determined concentrations of the drugs of interest agreed with concentrations found in clinical studies, thus proving the suitability of the developed method for therapeutic drug monitoring as a superior alternative to published LC-MS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir Mlinarić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lu Turković
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miranda Sertić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Turković L, Mutavdžić Pavlović D, Mlinarić Z, Skenderović A, Silovski T, Sertić M. Optimisation of Solid-Phase Extraction and LC-MS/MS Analysis of Six Breast Cancer Drugs in Patient Plasma Samples. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1445. [PMID: 37895916 PMCID: PMC10610126 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the development of bioanalytical LC-MS methods for the determination of drugs in plasma samples in a clinical setting, adequate sample preparation is of utmost importance. The main goals are to achieve the selective extraction of the analytes of interest and attain thorough matrix removal while retaining acceptable ecological properties, cost-effectiveness, and high throughput. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) offers a versatile range of options, from the selection of an appropriate sorbent to the optimisation of the washing and elution conditions. In this work, the first SPE method for the simultaneous extraction of six anticancer drugs used in novel therapeutic combinations for advanced breast cancer treatment-palbociclib, ribociclib, abemaciclib, anastrozole, letrozole, and fulvestrant-was developed. The following sorbent chemistries were tested: octylsilyl (C8), octadecylsilyl (C18), hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), mixed-mode cation-exchange (MCX and X-C), and mixed-mode weak cation-exchange (WCX), with different corresponding elution solvents. The samples were analysed using LC-MS/MS, with a phenyl column (150 × 4.6 mm, 2.5 μm). The best extraction recoveries (≥92.3%) of all analytes were obtained with the C8 phase, using methanol as the elution solvent. The optimised method was validated in the clinically relevant ranges, showing adequate precision (inter-day RSD ≤ 14.3%) and accuracy (inter-day bias -12.7-13.5%). Finally, its applicability was successfully proven by the analysis of samples from breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Turković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovacica 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia (Z.M.)
| | - Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Zvonimir Mlinarić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovacica 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia (Z.M.)
| | - Anamarija Skenderović
- GxR&D Analytics Zagreb, Global R&D, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Prilaz Baruna Filipovica 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Tajana Silovski
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miranda Sertić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovacica 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia (Z.M.)
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Turković L, Koraj N, Mlinarić Z, Silovski T, Crnković S, Sertić M. Optimisation of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for plasma sample preparation in bioanalysis of CDK4/6 inhibitors in therapeutic combinations for breast cancer treatment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18880. [PMID: 37593626 PMCID: PMC10432171 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK 4/6) inhibitors are novel anticancer drugs used in therapeutic combinations with endocrine therapy for breast cancer treatment. Their determination in patient plasma is of high interest as a prerequisite for possible therapeutic drug monitoring. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) shows great potential in bioanalytical sample preparation. Its simplicity and speed, along with the suitability for using small amounts of sample and hazardous solvents are some of its main advantages. However, its application on plasma samples is scarce and requires further development. The aim of this work was to explore the applicability of DLLME in the simultaneous extraction of six drugs of interest from human plasma, with an emphasis placed on achieving high extraction recoveries with low sample and solvent consumption. To tackle the low availability and amount of the plasma sample, as well as the complexity of the biological matrix, three novel DLLME modes are proposed: organic sample DLLME (OrS-DLLME), aqueous sample DLLME (AqS-DLLME), and a modified air-assisted DLLME (AA-DLLME). The extractant and disperser type and volume, volume ratios of all the components in the ternary system, effect of pH and salting out were optimised for all three proposed modes of DLLME. Optimised representative DLLME-HPLC-DAD-FLD method was validated and shown to be linear (R > 0.994), precise (RSD ≤13.8%, interday), accurate (bias -13.1-13.1%, interday) and robust (relative effect -3.34-6.08%). Simultaneous extraction of all six drugs with high recoveries (81.65-95.58%) was achieved. Sample volumes used were as low as 50-100 μL, with necessary organic solvent volumes in μL ranges. Greenness scores obtained using the AGREE software were between 0.63 and 0.66, demonstrating compliance with green analytical chemistry principles. Finally, the validated method was successfully applied on breast cancer patient plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Turković
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Natan Koraj
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zvonimir Mlinarić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tajana Silovski
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slaven Crnković
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Lung Health, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Miranda Sertić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zagreb, Croatia
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Ding S, Liu S, Chen Y, Peng Y, Zheng J. Anastrozole and Related Glucuronic Acid Conjugate are Electrophilic Species. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:380-388. [PMID: 35656966 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2086503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Anastrozole (ANA), is an inhibitor of non-steroidal aromatase, widely employed for the treatment of breast cancer. However, ANA-associated liver injury cases have been documented in the application of the drug.The major purposes of the present study were to identify the structure of reactive metabolites derived from ANA and to study related metabolic pathways of ANA.We found ANA itself is an electrophilic species reactive to GSH. ANA can be metabolized to ANA-N+-glucuronide (1) catalyzed by UGT1A4. An ANA GSH conjugate (2) was detected in bile and livers of rats treated with ANA. UGT1A4 participated in the phase II metabolic pathway.This work allowed us to better understand the mechanisms of the hepatotoxicity of ANA and provided new avenue to define the possible role of metabolic activation in hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Ding
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yaxuan Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
| | - Ying Peng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
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Turković L, Bočkor L, Ekpenyong O, Silovski T, Lovrić M, Crnković S, Nigović B, Sertić M. Development and Validation of a Novel LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Abemaciclib, Palbociclib, Ribociclib, Anastrozole, Letrozole, and Fulvestrant in Plasma Samples: A Prerequisite for Personalized Breast Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050614. [PMID: 35631440 PMCID: PMC9147789 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Palbociclib, ribociclib and abemaciclib were recently approved as chemotherapeutic agents and are currently in the post-marketing surveillance phase. They are used in combination with aromatase inhibitors anastrozole and letrozole or antiestrogen fulvestrant for HR+, HER2− breast cancer treatment. Here, a novel bioanalytical LC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed for the quantitation of these six drugs in human plasma. The samples were prepared by simple protein precipitation followed by solvent evaporation. A Kinetex biphenyl column (150 × 4.6 mm, 2.6 µm) used for chromatographic analysis adequately resolved even the closely eluting aromatase inhibitors’ peaks. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid in water and in ACN, in a linear gradient. An additional gradient step was added to eliminate the observed carry-over. The proposed method was fully validated in the relevant linear ranges covering the expected plasma concentrations of all six drugs (correlation coefficients between 0.9996 and 0.9931). The intra-day method precision (CV) ranged from 3.1% to 15%, while intra-day accuracy (%bias) was between −1.5% and 15.0%. The inter-day precision ranged from 1.6% to 14.9%, with accuracy between −14.3% and 14.6%, which is in accordance with the EMA and ICH guidelines on bioanalytical method validation. The method was successfully applied to samples from patients treated for HR+, HER2− breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Turković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovacica 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.T.); (B.N.)
| | - Luka Bočkor
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Ljudevita Gaja 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Oscar Ekpenyong
- ADME & Discovery Toxicology, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Tajana Silovski
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Mila Lovrić
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovacica 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slaven Crnković
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung and Vascular Research, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/V, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Biljana Nigović
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovacica 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.T.); (B.N.)
| | - Miranda Sertić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovacica 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.T.); (B.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-6394-473
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Bertelsen BE, Viste K, Helland T, Hagland M, Søiland H, Geisler J, Lende TH, Lønning PE, Sagen JV, Mellgren G, Almås B. Simultaneous Quantification of Aromatase Inhibitors and Estrogens in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:1368-1374. [PMID: 34958096 PMCID: PMC9016448 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Currently there are no assays that can simultaneously quantify serum levels of the third-generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs): letrozole, anastrozole, and exemestane, and the ultra-low levels of estrogens in postmenopausal breast cancer patients on AI treatment. Such measurements may be pivotal for the determination of optimal and individualized treatment regimens. We aimed at developing a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method for simultaneous assessment of letrozole, anastrozole, exemestane, and 17-hydroxyexemestane as well as subpicomolar levels of estradiol and estrone. METHODS Internal standards, calibrators, serum samples, and quality controls were in fully automated steps transferred to a deep-well plate for a 2-step liquid-liquid extraction. The extracts were reconstituted and analytes were separated chromatographically using 2 serially coupled columns, then subject to MS/MS in electrospray ionization mode. The method was thoroughly validated and is traceable to 2 accredited estrogen methods. RESULTS The measurement range for estrone and estradiol was 0.2 to 12 000 pmol/L and 0.8 to 13 000 pmol/L, and covered the expected therapeutic range for the AIs. All analytes had a precision of less than or equal to 13%, and accuracies within 100 ± 8%. As proof of concept, AI and estrogen levels were determined in serum samples from postmenopausal breast cancer patients under treatment. CONCLUSION We present here an assay suitable for the simultaneous measurement of serum levels of all third-generation AIs and ultra-low levels of estrogens, providing a powerful new tool to study drug efficacy and compliance. The method is highly valuable for postmenopausal patients whose pretreatment estradiol levels are below the threshold of detection for most routine assays, but still require suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn-Erik Bertelsen
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Vestland, 5009, Norway
| | - Kristin Viste
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Vestland, 5009, Norway
| | - Thomas Helland
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Vestland, 5009, Norway
| | - Magnus Hagland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Håvard Søiland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger 4011, Norway
| | - Jürgen Geisler
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog 1478, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Campus AHUS 0318, Norway
| | - Tone Hoel Lende
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger 4011, Norway
| | - Per Eystein Lønning
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Jørn V Sagen
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Vestland, 5009, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Vestland, 5009, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Bjørg Almås
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Vestland, 5009, Norway
- Correspondence: Bjørg Almås, PhD, Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Haukelandsbakken, Bergen, Vestland, 5009 Norway.
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Sensitive determination of Anastrozole and Letrozole in urine samples by novel magnetic nanoparticles containing tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) prior to analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ali HM, Alhagri IA, Ibrahim H. Fabrication of an electrochemical sensor based on gold nanoparticle-functionalized nanocarbon black hybrid nanocomposite for sensitive detection of anti-cancer drug formestane in biological and pharmaceutical samples. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sato Y, Shigeta K, Hirasawa T, Sato T, Ogura J, Maekawa M, Ebata A, Hamanaka Y, Tada H, Ishida T, Kikuchi M, Mano N. Establishment of an analytical method for simultaneous quantitation of CDK4/6 inhibitors, aromatase inhibitors, and an estrogen receptor antagonist in human plasma using LC-ESI-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1173:122655. [PMID: 33831689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors (palbociclib, abemaciclib, and ribociclib) are used to treat human epithelial growth factor receptor (HER)-2 negative and hormone receptor (HR) positive advanced breast cancer in combination with aromatase inhibitors (letrozole, anastrozole) or an estrogen receptor antagonist (fulvestrant). Administration of these drugs frequently causes severe side effects, such as neutropenia and diarrhea. Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of CDK4/6 inhibitors, aromatase inhibitors, and the estrogen receptor antagonist is considered important for ensuring the efficacy and safety of these drugs. In this study, we describe a simple, highly sensitive, and specific liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantitation of the concentrations of palbociclib, abemaciclib, ribociclib, letrozole, anastrozole, and fulvestrant. In addition, we analyzed plasma samples from patients with HER2-negative and HR-positive advanced breast cancer treated with these compounds using this novel method. In our method, the intra-assay relative error (RE) values ranged from -12.8% to 12.9%, the inter-assay RE values ranged from -4.8% to 6.2%, and the coefficient of variation (CV) values for intra- and inter-assay were ≤8.6% and ≤13.3%, respectively. The analytes showed good stability with RE values ranging from -13.5% to 13.6% and CV values <10.4%. Moreover, all the samples from patients were successfully quantified, and were within the range of measurement. This method can be used for TDM of routine anticancer drugs in clinical practice and for pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics research in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Shigeta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Tensei Hirasawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Jiro Ogura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Akiko Ebata
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Yohei Hamanaka
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Kikuchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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Al-Shehri M, Hefnawy M, Abuelizz H, Alzamil A. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of the simultaneous quantification of letrozole and palbociclib in rat plasma by a developed and validated HPLC–PDA. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2019.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has affirmed the use of letrozole (LTZ) combined with palbociclib (PLB) to treat breast malignant tumor growth in postmenopausal women. A straightforward and extremely sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method with photodiode array detection (RP-HPLC–PDA) was created and validated for the simultaneous determination of LTZ and PLB in rat plasma. The parameters used to give the best separation were a C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) as the stationary phase with an isocratic mobile phase composed of methanol–30 mM ammonium acetate at a ratio of 60:40 (v/v), pH = 5.5, a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, and detection wavelengths of 240 and 220 nm for LTZ and PLB, respectively. The developed method was assessed by the FDA rules over a range of 10–600 ng/mL for LTZ and PLB. The mean of %recovery of LTZ and PLB extracted from rat plasma by acetonitrile-based deproteinization was 91.06 ± 2.73 and 90.30 ± 1.95%, respectively, and the limits of detection were 5 ng/mL for LTZ and 7 ng/mL for PLB in rat plasma. The mean values of Tmax and Cmax were 6 ± 0.00 h and 266.96 ± 21.23 ng/mL for LTZ and 4 ± 0.00 h and 508.75 ± 61.56 ng/mL for PBL, respectively, after intraperitoneal administration of both drugs to rats. The developed HPLC–PDA method was demonstrated to be robust and was effectively applied to study the pharmacokinetics of LTZ and PLB in rat plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Al-Shehri
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hefnawy
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- 2 Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hatem Abuelizz
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeeba Alzamil
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Galla VK, Jinka R, Sahu PK. Separate quantification of anastrozole and letrozole by a novel stability‐indicating ultra‐fast LC method. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vamsi Krishna Galla
- Department of BiochemistryAcharya Nagarjuna University Guntur Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Rajeswari Jinka
- Department of BiochemistryAcharya Nagarjuna University Guntur Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Prafulla Kumar Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical AnalysisRaghu College of Pharmacy Dakamarri Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh India
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Tanna S, Ogwu J, Lawson G. Hyphenated mass spectrometry techniques for assessing medication adherence: advantages, challenges, clinical applications and future perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 58:643-663. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNonadherence to prescribed pharmacotherapy is an understated public health problem globally and is costing many patients their chance to return to good health and healthcare systems billions. Clinicians need an accurate assessment of adherence to medications to aid the clinical decision-making process in the event of poor patient progress and to maximise the patient health outcomes from the drug therapies prescribed. An overview of indirect and direct methods used to measure medication adherence is presented, highlighting the potential for accurate measuring of drugs in biological samples using hyphenated mass spectrometry (MS) techniques to provide healthcare professionals with a reliable evidence base for clinical decision making. In this review we summarise published applications of hyphenated MS techniques for a diverse range of clinical areas demonstrating the rise in the use of such direct methods for assessing medication adherence. Although liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods using plasma, serum and urine samples are the most popular, in recent years increased attention has been given to liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) methods and alternative biosample matrices including hair, saliva and blood microsamples. The advantages and challenges of using hyphenated MS techniques to address this healthcare problem are also discussed alongside future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Tanna
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - John Ogwu
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Graham Lawson
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
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Posocco B, Buzzo M, Poetto AS, Orleni M, Gagno S, Zanchetta M, Iacuzzi V, Guardascione M, Puglisi F, Basile D, Pelizzari G, Marangon E, Toffoli G. Simultaneous quantification of palbociclib, ribociclib and letrozole in human plasma by a new LC-MS/MS method for clinical application. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228822. [PMID: 32032379 PMCID: PMC7006908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel LC-MS/MS method was developed for the quantification of the new cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) palbociclib and ribociclib and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole used in combinatory regimen. The proposed method is appropriate to be applied in clinical practice due to the simple and fast sample preparation based on protein precipitation, the low amount of patient sample necessary for the analysis (10 μL) and the total run time of 6.5 min. It was fully validated according to FDA and EMA guidelines on bioanalytical method validation. The linearity was assessed (R2 within 0.9992-0.9983) over the concentration ranges of 0.3-250 ng/mL for palbociclib, 10-10000 ng/mL for ribociclib and 0.5-500 ng/mL for letrozole that properly cover the therapeutic plasma concentrations. A specific strategy was implemented to reduce the carryover phenomenon, formerly known for these CDKIs. This method was applied to quantify the Cmin of palbociclib, ribociclib and letrozole in plasma samples from patients enrolled in a clinical study. The same set of study samples was analysed twice in separate runs to assess the reproducibility of the method by means of the incurred samples reanalysis. The results corroborated the reliability of the analyte concentrations obtained with the bioanalytical method, already proved by the validation process. The percentage differences were always within ±10% for all the analytes and the R2 of the correlation graph between the two quantifications was equal to 0.9994.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Posocco
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Mauro Buzzo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Ariana Soledad Poetto
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Doctoral School in Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Orleni
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Sara Gagno
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Martina Zanchetta
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Iacuzzi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Doctoral School in Nanotechnology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Guardascione
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Debora Basile
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pelizzari
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Elena Marangon
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
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16
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Padash Hooshyar S, Mehrabian RZ, Ahmad Panahi H, Habibi Jouybari M, Jalilian H. Synthesis and characterization of PEGylated dendrimers based on magnetic nanoparticles for letrozole extraction and determination in body fluids and pharmaceutical samples. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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17
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Jafari M, Amani V. A new Zn mixed-ligand coordination polymer fiber for solid-phase microextraction of the anticancer drug tamoxifen. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201800116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Jafari
- Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University, G.C; Tehran Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Vahid Amani
- Department of Chemistry; Farhangian University; Tehran Islamic Republic of Iran
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18
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Dange Y, Bhinge S, Salunkhe V. Optimization and validation of RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of palbociclib and letrozole. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 28:187-194. [PMID: 28980851 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1388458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and robust RP-HPLC method have been developed and validated to measure palbociclib (PB) and letrozole (LT) at single wavelength (254 nm). A isocratic elution of samples performed on Intersil C8 (4.6 mm × 250 mm particle size 5 μm) column with mobile phase consisting 0.02 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 5.5): acetonitrile: methanol (80:10:10 v/v/v) delivered at flow rate 1.0 mL min-1. A good linear response was achieved over the range of 5-50 μg mL-1. The LODs for PB and LT were found to be 0.098 and 0.0821 µg mL-1, while the LOQs for PB and LT were 0.381-0.315 µg mL-1, respectively. The method was quantitatively evaluated in terms of system suitability test, linearity, precision, accuracy (recovery) and robustness as per standard guidelines. The method is simple, convenient and suitable for the analysis of PB and LT in bulk drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvraj Dange
- a Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy , Sangli , India
| | - Somnath Bhinge
- b Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Sangli , India
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Vanol PG, Singhal P, Shah PA, Shah JV, Shrivastav PS, Sanyal M. SPE-UPLC-MS/MS assay for determination of letrozole in human plasma and its application to bioequivalence study in healthy postmenopausal Indian women. J Pharm Anal 2016; 6:276-281. [PMID: 29403993 PMCID: PMC5762604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method is described for determination of letrozole in human plasma. Following solid phase extraction (SPE) of letrozole and letrozole-d4 on Orochem DVB-LP cartridges, chromatography was performed on Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) column using methanol-0.1% formic acid in water (85:15, v/v) as the mobile phase. Detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electrospray source, operated under positive ionization mode. Quantitation of letrozole and letrozole-d4 was done using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) following the transitions at m/z 286.2→217.0 and m/z 290.2→221.0, respectively. The calibration plots were linear through the concentration range of 0.10-100 ng/mL (r2≥0.9990) using 100 µL human plasma. The extraction recovery of letrozole ranged from 94.3% to 96.2% and the intra-batch and inter-batch precision was ≤5.2%. The method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of letrozole after oral administration of 2.5 mg tablet formulation to 16 healthy postmenopausal Indian women. The assay reproducibility was also established through incurred sample reanalysis (ISR) of 74 subject samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin G Vanol
- Chemistry Department, St. Xavier's College, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Puran Singhal
- Bioanalytical Department, Alkem Laboratories Ltd., Lower Parel, Mumbai 400013, India
| | - Priyanka A Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Jaivik V Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Pranav S Shrivastav
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Mallika Sanyal
- Chemistry Department, St. Xavier's College, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, India
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20
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Simultaneous determination of centchroman and tamoxifen along with their metabolites in rat plasma using LC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2016; 7:967-79. [PMID: 25966009 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Tamoxifen and centchroman are two non-steroidal, selective estrogen receptors modulators, intended for long term therapy in the woman. Because of their wide spread use, there is a possibility of co-prescription of these agents. MATERIALS & METHODS We studied the probable pharmacokinetic interaction between these agents in breast cancer model rats. A simple, sensitive and rapid LC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of tamoxifen, centchroman and their active metabolites. RESULTS The method was linear over a range of 0.2-200 ng/ml. All validation parameters met the acceptance criteria according to regulatory guidelines. CONCLUSION LC-MS/MS method for determination of tamoxifen, centchroman and their metabolites was developed and validated. Results show the potential of drug-drug interaction upon co-administration these two marketed drugs.
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Shao R, Yu LY, Lou HG, Ruan ZR, Jiang B, Chen JL. Development and validation of a rapid LC-MS/MS method to quantify letrozole in human plasma and its application to therapeutic drug monitoring. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:632-7. [PMID: 26317321 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A selective, rapid, and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of letrozole (LTZ) in human plasma, using anastrozole as internal standard (IS). Sample preparation was performed by one-step protein precipitation with methanol. The analyte and IS were chromatographed on a reversed-phase YMC-ODS-C18 column (2.0 × 100 mm i.d., 3 µm) with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The mobile phase consisted of water containing 0.1% formic acid (v/v) and methanol containing 0.1% formic acid (v/v). The mass spectrometer was operated in selected reaction monitoring mode through electrospray ionization ion mode using the transitions of m/z 286.2 → 217.1 for LTZ and m/z 294.1 → 225.1 for IS, respectively. The method was validated for selectivity, linearity, lower limit of quantitation, precision, accuracy, matrix effects and stability in accordance with the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Linear calibration curves were 1.0-60.0 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-batch precision (CV) for LTZ were <9.34%, and the accuracy ranged from 97.43 to 105.17%. This method was successfully used for the analysis of samples from patients treated with LTZ in the dose of 2.5 mg/day. It might be suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring of these patients and contribute to predict the risk of adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Shao
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-yan Yu
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-gang Lou
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zou-rong Ruan
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-liang Chen
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Aturki Z, Rocco A, Rocchi S, Fanali S. Current applications of miniaturized chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques in drug analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 101:194-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Hubalek M, Oberguggenberger A, Beer B, Meraner V, Sztankay M, Oberacher H, Schubert B, Wildt L, Seeber B, Giesinger J, Kemmler G, Holzner B, Sperner-Unterweger B. Does obesity interfere with anastrozole treatment? Positive association between body mass index and anastrozole plasma levels. Clin Breast Cancer 2013; 14:291-6. [PMID: 24468298 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The efficacy of adjuvant endocrine treatment with aromatase inhibitors (AIs), inhibiting the conversion of androgens to estrogen in adipose tissue, might depend on the overall volume of adipose tissue. However, little evidence is available regarding the pharmacokinetic behavior of AIs in women with obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between body mass index (BMI) and anastrozole treatment as well as estrogenic activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 216 postmenopausal patients with early-stage breast cancer who were receiving AI treatment with anastrozole constituted the final sample included in the analysis. During a regular 3-month after-care check-up, sociodemographic and clinical data and BMI were assessed. Blood samples were collected during routine blood testing. Measurement of AI plasma levels was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol were measured within the routine blood examination. RESULTS A median anastrozole plasma concentration of 34.7 ng/mL (mean, 37.4), with a large interindividual variability, was observed (SD, 15.1; range, 5.4-86.5). After age adjustment, it was found that anastrozole plasma concentrations significantly increased with BMI (r = 0.241; P = .001). Anastrozole serum concentrations in women with obesity (BMI ≥ 30) exceeded those of women with normal weight (BMI ≤ 25) by 25%. Women with excess weight had lower mean FSH levels, indicating higher estrogenic activity, compared with women with normal weight. CONCLUSION This study indicates that BMI is a vital factor in anastrozole metabolism, as measured by anastrozole plasma concentration and FSH levels. Further research is mandatory to clarify results on the association of obesity and AI treatment efficacy to allow adapting AI treatment accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hubalek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Anne Oberguggenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Beate Beer
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Meraner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Sztankay
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Oberacher
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birthe Schubert
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ludwig Wildt
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Beata Seeber
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Giesinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Kemmler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Holzner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Song J, Zhan Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhong D. QUANTIFICATION OF LETROZOLE IN HUMAN PLASMA USING LC-(–)ESI-MS/MS WITH D4-LETROZOLE AS INTERNAL STANDARD: APPLICATION IN A PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.698678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- a Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , P.R. China
- b Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhan
- b Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- b Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- b Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Dafang Zhong
- a Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , P.R. China
- b Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , P.R. China
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Vardy J, Dhillon HM, Clarke SJ, Olesen I, Leslie F, Warby A, Beith J, Sullivan A, Hamilton A, Beale P, Rittau A, McLachlan AJ. Investigation of herb-drug interactions with ginkgo biloba in women receiving hormonal treatment for early breast cancer. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:126. [PMID: 23596562 PMCID: PMC3625417 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Women receiving treatment for breast cancer commonly ingest herbal medicines. Little is known about the potential for herb-drug interactions in this population. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of ginkgo biloba co-administration on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen, anastrozole and letrozole. This was a prospective open-label cross-over study in 60 women with early stage breast cancer taking either tamoxifen, anastrozole or letrozole (n=20/group). Participants received ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) for 3 weeks (120 mg twice daily). Trough concentrations of drugs were measured before and after ginkgo biloba treatment using LC-MS/MS. Toxicities were graded according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Trough concentrations before and after treatment with ginkgo biloba were not significantly different for tamoxifen (93.5 ± 29.0, 86.5 ± 25.3 ng/mL; p=0.16), letrozole (91.1 ± 50.4, 89.6 ± 52.14 ng/mL; p=0.60) or anastrozole (29.1 ± 8.6, 29.1 ± 7.6 ng/mL; p=0.97). Ginkgo biloba was well tolerated, with no difference in toxicity during ginkgo biloba. Co-administration of ginkgo biloba does not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen, anastrozole or letrozole. There was no difference in the toxicity profile of hormone therapy with ginkgo biloba use in women with early stage breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette Vardy
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia ; Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal Prince Alfred and Concord Hospitals, Sydney, Australia ; Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-based Decision Making, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia ; Psycho-oncology Co-operative Research Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Rodríguez J, Castañeda G, Muñoz L. Rapid determination of letrozole, citalopram and their metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection in urine: Method validation and application to real samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 913-914:12-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abdel-Rehim A, Abdel-Rehim M. Evaluation of microextraction by packed sorbent and micro-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as a green approach in bioanalysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 27:1225-33. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abbi Abdel-Rehim
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Stockholm University; SE10691 Stockholm; Sweden
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Rehim
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Stockholm University; SE10691 Stockholm; Sweden
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28
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Oberguggenberger AS, Sztankay M, Beer B, Schubert B, Meraner V, Oberacher H, Kemmler G, Giesinger J, Gamper E, Sperner-Unterweger B, Marth C, Holzner B, Hubalek M. Adherence evaluation of endocrine treatment in breast cancer: methodological aspects. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:474. [PMID: 23066928 PMCID: PMC3519669 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current studies on adherence to endocrine therapy in breast cancer patients suffer from methodological limitations due to a lack of well-validated methods for assessing adherence. There is no gold standard for measuring adherence. The aim of our study was to compare four different approaches for evaluating adherence to anastrozole therapy for breast cancer with regard to concordance between methods. Methods Outpatients with early breast cancer treated with anastrozole completed the multi-method assessment of adherence. We implemented a self-report scale (the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire), physician- ratings, refill records and determination of anastrozole serum concentration. Results Comparison of the four approaches using Spearman rank correlation revealed poor concordance across all methods reflecting weak correlations of 0.2-0.4. Considering this data incomparability across methods, we still observed high adherence rates of 78%-98% across measures. Conclusion Our findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the impact that methodological aspects exert on the results of adherence measurement in breast cancer patients receiving endocrine treatment. Our findings suggest that the development and validation of instruments specific to patients receiving endocrine agents is imperative in order to arrive at a more accurate assessment and to subsequently obtain more precise estimates of adherence rates in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne S Oberguggenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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29
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Acharjya SK, Bhattamisra SK, Muddana BRE, Bera RVV, Panda P, Panda BP, Mishra G. Development of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of letrozole in wistar rat serum and its application in pharmacokinetic studies. Sci Pharm 2012; 80:941-53. [PMID: 23264941 PMCID: PMC3528055 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1206-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A fast, sensitive, and specific reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP–HPLC) method for the determination of letrozole in Wistar rat serum was developed. In this method, liquid–liquid extraction of letrozole was achieved using diethyl ether as the extracting solvent. The analysis was carried out on a reversed-phase C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with an isocratic mobile phase of methanol–water (70:30,v/v), at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1. Detection was carried out at 239 nm with a UV–visible spectrophoto-metric detector. The method was shown to be selective and linear over the concentration range of 0.15–100 μg mL−1. The intra-day and inter-day precision studies showed good reproducibility with coefficients of variation less than 11% for the analyte. The relative errors of intra– and inter–day accuracy were within −11.52 to −2.26%. The limit of quantification was evaluated to be 0.15 μg mL−1. The method was successfully applied for the pharmacokinetic study of letrozole after oral administration of 10 mg kg−1 of letrozole in six healthy Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasmita Kumari Acharjya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur, Odisha, 760010, India
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Clarke Hillyer G, Neugut AI, Crew KD, Kalinsky K, Maurer MA, Rotsides DZ, Danaceau J, Hershman DL. Use of a urine anastrozole assay to determine treatment discontinuation among women with hormone-sensitive breast cancer: a pilot study. J Oncol Pract 2012; 8:e100-4. [PMID: 23277771 DOI: 10.1200/jop.2011.000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple studies have shown that adherence to adjuvant hormonal therapy in women with breast cancer is suboptimal. Measurements of compliance with self-report, pill counts, and/or pharmacy records are susceptible to bias. We assessed the feasibility of using a urine anastrozole assay as an objective biomarker of nonadherence to anastrozole treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS We recruited consecutive postmenopausal women, age ≥ 18 years, with hormone-sensitive nonmetastatic breast cancer who were prescribed anastrozole at least 3 months before enrollment. Each completed a short survey to gather information on demographics, anastrozole compliance history, and self-reported medication history, tumor characteristics, and treatment received. A single, random 15-mL urine sample was collected and tested for the presence of anastrozole using a previously validated assay. Patients were told they were part of a study to determine if anastrozole could be detected in the urine. RESULTS Among 96 participants, mean age was 63.7 years (range, 51 to 70 years). The population was diverse, with 56.5% white, 57.6% US born, 59.8% unemployed, and 56.6% college educated. Prior treatment included chemotherapy (50%) and/or radiotherapy (58.7%). Mean duration of anastrozole treatment was 2.2 years (standard deviation, 1.6). Four participants reported nonadherence and declined to submit urine samples, and two had no detectable level of anastrozole (six of 96; 6.3%). Detectable levels among adherent women ranged from 49.3 to 632.8 ng/mL. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that collection of urine to measure anastrozole levels is feasible and reliable. Identifying biomarkers to measure adherence is critical for studies investigating interventions to improve hormonal therapy compliance.
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Simultaneous quantitative analysis of letrozole, its carbinol metabolite, and carbinol glucuronide in human plasma by LC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:301-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5813-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gerace E, Salomone A, Abbadessa G, Racca S, Vincenti M. Rapid determination of anti-estrogens by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in urine: Method validation and application to real samples. J Pharm Anal 2011; 2:1-11. [PMID: 29403714 PMCID: PMC5760826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A fast screening protocol was developed for the simultaneous determination of nine anti-estrogenic agents (aminoglutethimide, anastrozole, clomiphene, drostanolone, formestane, letrozole, mesterolone, tamoxifen, testolactone) plus five of their metabolites in human urine. After an enzymatic hydrolysis, these compounds can be extracted simultaneously from urine with a simple liquid-liquid extraction at alkaline conditions. The analytes were subsequently analyzed by fast-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (fast-GC/MS) after derivatization. The use of a short column, high-flow carrier gas velocity and fast temperature ramping produced an efficient separation of all analytes in about 4 min, allowing a processing rate of 10 samples/h. The present analytical method was validated according to UNI EN ISO/IEC 17025 guidelines for qualitative methods. The range of investigated parameters included the limit of detection, selectivity, linearity, repeatability, robustness and extraction efficiency. High MS-sampling rate, using a benchtop quadrupole mass analyzer, resulted in accurate peak shape definition under both scan and selected ion monitoring modes, and high sensitivity in the latter mode. Therefore, the performances of the method are comparable to the ones obtainable from traditional GC/MS analysis. The method was successfully tested on real samples arising from clinical treatments of hospitalized patients and could profitably be used for clinical studies on anti-estrogenic drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gerace
- Centro Regionale Antidoping "A. Bertinaria", Regione Gonzole 10/1, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - A Salomone
- Centro Regionale Antidoping "A. Bertinaria", Regione Gonzole 10/1, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - G Abbadessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Regione Gonzole 10/1, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - S Racca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Regione Gonzole 10/1, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - M Vincenti
- Centro Regionale Antidoping "A. Bertinaria", Regione Gonzole 10/1, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica Analitica, Università degli Studi di Torino, via P.Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy
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Würtinger P, Oberacher H. Evaluation of the performance of a tandem mass spectral library with mass spectral data extracted from literature. Drug Test Anal 2011; 4:235-41. [PMID: 21964810 DOI: 10.1002/dta.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
MSforID represents a database of tandem mass spectral data obtained from (quasi-)molecular ions produced by atmospheric pressure ionization methods. At the current stage of development the library contains 12 122 spectra of 1208 small (bio-)organic molecules. The present work was aimed to evaluate the performance of the MSforID library in terms of accuracy and transferability with a collection of fragment ion mass spectra from various compounds acquired on multiple instruments. A literature survey was conducted to collect the set of sample spectra. A total number of 554 spectra covering 291 compounds were extracted from 109 publications. The majority of spectra originated from publications on applications of LC/MS/MS in drug monitoring, pharmacokinetics, environmental analysis, forensic analysis as well as food analysis. Almost all types of tandem mass spectrometric instruments distributed by the five most important instrument vendors were included in the study. The overall sensitivity of library search was found to be 96.4%, which clearly proves that the MSforID library can successfully handle data from a huge variety of mass spectrometric instruments to allow accurate compound identification. Only for spectra containing three or more fragment ions, however, the rate of classified matches (= matches with a relative average match probability (ramp) score > 40.0) was 95%. Ambiguous or unclassified results were mainly obtained for searches with single precursor-to-fragment ion transitions due to the insufficient specificity of such a low amount of structural information to unequivocally define a single compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Würtinger
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Muellerstrasse 44, Innsbruck, Austria
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Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the quantification of tamoxifen and its metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen in rat plasma: application to interaction study with biochanin A (an isoflavone). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2845-51. [PMID: 21890435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen is the agent of choice for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Tamoxifen is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A, and biochanin A (BCA) is an inhibitor of P-gp and CYP3A. Hence, it could be expected that BCA would affect the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen. In the present study we have developed and validated a simple, sensitive and specific LC-ESI-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of tamoxifen and its metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen with 100 μL rat plasma using centchroman as an internal standard (IS). Tamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen and IS were separated on a Supelco Discovery C18 (4.6 mm × 50 mm, 5.0 μm) column under isocratic condition using 0.0 1M ammonium acetate (pH 4.5):acetonitrile (10:90, v/v) as a mobile phase. The mobile phase was delivered at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The method was proved to be accurate and precise at linearity range of 0.78-200 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient (r) of ≥ 0.996. The intra- and inter-day assay precision ranged from 1.89 to 8.54% and 3.97 to 10.26%, respectively; and intra- and inter-day assay accuracy was between 87.63 and 109.06% and 96 and 103.89%, respectively for both the analytes. The method was successfully applied to study the effect of oral co-administration of BCA (an isoflavone) on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen in female rats. The coadministration of BCA caused no significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen. However, the peak plasma concentration (C(max)) of 4-hydroxytamoxifen in BCA pretreated rats was significantly (P<0.05) lower than those from control group.
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Ji HY, Sohn JH, Lee HS. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric analysis of anastrozole in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:261-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Ji
- Drug Metabolism and Bioanalysis Laboratory, College of Pharmacy; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon; 420-743; Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Sohn
- Clinical Trial Center; Inje University Pusan Paik Hospital; Pusan; 614-735; Korea
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- Drug Metabolism and Bioanalysis Laboratory, College of Pharmacy; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon; 420-743; Korea
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Schubert B, Oberacher H. Impact of solvent conditions on separation and detection of basic drugs by micro liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry under overloading conditions. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3413-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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An ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem MS assay for tamoxifen metabolites profiling in plasma: First evidence of 4′-hydroxylated metabolites in breast cancer patients. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:3402-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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