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Banguera-Ordoñez YD, Sena-Torralba A, Quintero-Campos P, Maquieira Á, Morais S. Smartphone-based lateral flow immunoassay for sensitive determination of lactate dehydrogenase at the point of care. Talanta 2024; 281:126803. [PMID: 39255624 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a prevalent enzyme involved in anaerobic glycolysis, is released into body fluids following cell damage and has long been a general marker of tissue injury. However, due to its lack of selectivity and the advent of more accurate biomarkers, the clinical utility of LDH has been largely limited to confirming hemolysis. LDH has been recognized as a valuable prognostic biomarker for various cancers, making its monitoring crucial during cancer management. Traditional LDH methods include spectrophotometric analysis of NADH at 340 nm, native electrophoresis, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This study presents the first lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for the smartphone-based quantification of serum LDH levels at the point of care. Highly-affinity and specific antibodies have been produced, with 5 nM equilibrium dissociation constant and no cross-reactivity with human serum albumin and human immunoglobulin G. Utilizing carbon nanoparticles as signal transducers significantly enhanced the quantification limit 55-fold, compared to the conventional gold nanoparticles-based LFIA, achieving a quantification limit of 1.5 ng mL-1. The developed assay demonstrated a mean recovery rate of 115 ± 21 % when evaluating LDH-spiked serum samples. This method can be an interesting home-testing tool for monitoring cancer progression or therapy effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulieth D Banguera-Ordoñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias, Tecnología e Innovación (BioGRID), Sociedad de Doctores e Investigadores de Colombia (SoPhIC), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Amadeo Sena-Torralba
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Pedro Quintero-Campos
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergi Morais
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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2
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Zhang E, Zeng Q, Xu Y, Lu J, Li C, Xiao K, Li X, Li J, Li T, Li C, Zhang L. A smartphone-based immunochromatographic strip platform for on-site quantitative detection of antigenic targets. LAB ON A CHIP 2024. [PMID: 39221502 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00484a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
To report the testing signal of an immunochromatographic assay for on-site quantitative detection, a portable and user-friendly smartphone-based biosensing platform is developed in this study. This innovative system is composed of an ambient light sensor inherent smartphone reader and a 3D-printed handhold device, a quantitative tool capable of directly interpreting carbon nanoparticle (CNP)-conjugated immunochromatographic strips. To showcase the platform capability, the smartphone-based immunochromatography system (SPICS) reader and device were successfully used in CNP strips for rapid detection of the early pregnancy marker human chorionic gonadotropin in female urine (HCG; limit of detection [LOD]: 0.30 mIU mL-1), prostate-specific antigen in patient blood (PSA; LOD: 0.28 ng mL-1) and ampicillin residue in animal milk (AMP; LOD: 0.23 ng mL-1). The results were fully correlated with conventional commercial instruments (R2 = 0.99). The SPICS platform exhibits significant advantages, including portability, cost-effectiveness, easy operation, and rapid and quantitative detection, making it a valuable on-site diagnosis tool for use in home and community healthcare facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhui Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| | - Qing Zeng
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, He Xian Memorial Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 511402, China
| | - Jinhui Lu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| | - Ke Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chinese Medicine in Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Xiaozhou Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Shenzhen Bao'an District Central Blood Station, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
- Shenzhen Bao'an District Central Blood Station, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Chengyao Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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3
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He K, Ye Y, Liu S, Yuan P, Sun W, Tang J. Polylevodopa nanoplatform for lateral flow immunochromatography assay of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 709:149821. [PMID: 38537597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
At the end of 2019, an unprecedented outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia ravaged the global landscape, inflicting profound harm upon society. Following numerous cycles of transmission, we find ourselves in an epoch where the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coexists alongside influenza viruses (Flu A). Swift and accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and Flu A is imperative to stem the spread of these maladies and administer appropriate treatment. Presently, colloidal gold-based lateral flow immunoassays (Au-LFIAs) constructed through electrostatic adsorption are beset by challenges such as diminished sensitivity and feeble binding stability. In this context, we propose the adoption of black polylevodopa nanoparticles (PLDA NPs) featuring abundant carboxyl groups as labeling nanomaterials in LFIA to bolster the stability and sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 antigens and influenza A virus identifications. The engineered PLDA-LFIAs exhibit the capacity to detect SARS-CoV-2 and Flu A within 30 min, boasting a detection threshold of 5 pg/ml for the SARS-CoV-2 antigen and 0.1 ng/ml for the Flu A H1N1 antigen, thereby underscoring their heightened sensitivity relative to Au-LFIAs. These PLDA-LFIAs hold promise for the early detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Flu A, underscoring the potential of PLDA NPs as a discerning labeling probe to heighten the sensitivity of LFIA across diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangsong He
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart BioMaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yabing Ye
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart BioMaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shang Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart BioMaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Pengcheng Yuan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart BioMaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart BioMaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart BioMaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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4
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Mussin J, Giusiano G, Porras JC, Corredor Sanguña LH, Pividori MI. Carbon nanoparticle-based lateral flow assay for the detection of specific double-tagged DNA amplicons of Paracoccidioides spp. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:287. [PMID: 38671236 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
To overcome the limitations of current methods for diagnosing paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), it is critical to develop novel diagnostic strategies that can be implemented in low-resource settings and dramatically improve turnaround times. This study focused on the development of a portable molecular test to screen for Paracoccidioides spp. The proposed approach integrated double-tagging polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a paper-based lateral flow assay (LFA) for readout, using carbon nanoparticles as a signal generation system. Primers tagged with biotin and digoxigenin were employed to conduct the double-tagging PCR, which can be conveniently carried out on portable thermocyclers. This method can generate billions of tagged DNA copies from a single target molecule, which can be rapidly detected by the LFA platform, providing results within minutes. Avidin-modified carbon nanoparticles served as a signal generation system, enabling detection in the immunochromatographic assay. The LFA demonstrated the capability to detect double-tagged amplicons as low as 0.21 ng or 0.10 ng, depending on whether the results were assessed visually or with a smartphone equipped with an image processor. These findings suggest that the proposed approach holds great promise as a point-of-care diagnostic tool for the early and accurate detection of PCM in low-resource settings. The diagnostic test is rapid and inexpensive, requires minimal handling and can be easily introduced into the general practitioner's armoury for ambulatory screening of infection. This innovative approach has the potential to make a substantial contribution to PCM diagnosis, ultimately reducing morbidity and mortality associated with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Mussin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Av. Las Heras 727, 3500, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina.
| | - Gustavo Giusiano
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Av. Las Heras 727, 3500, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Porras
- Grup de Sensors I Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Luis Hernando Corredor Sanguña
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Av. Las Heras 727, 3500, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Pividori
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Grup de Sensors I Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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5
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Li X, Wang Q, Li X, Wang C, Lu J, Zhang E, Liang C, Wang W, Fu Y, Li C, Zhang L, Li T. Carbon nanospheres dual spectral-overlapped fluorescence quenching lateral flow immunoassay for rapid diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in humans. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 241:115986. [PMID: 38310830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.115986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a common zoonotic disease caused by a protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (Tox), approximately infecting one-third of human populations worldwide. This study developed the carbon nanospheres (CNPs) based dual spectral-overlapped fluorescence quenching lateral flow immunoassay (CNPs-FQLFIA) for detection of Tox antibodies (ToxAbs). The CNPs have been effectively coupled with Tox antigen (ToxAg), which can completely overlap the excitation and emission spectra of europium nanospheres (EuNPs) and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) in testing strips of CNPs-QDs-FQLFIA or CNPs-EuNPs-FQLFIA. The sensitivity of CNPs-EuNPs-FQLFIA or CNPs-QDs-FQLFIA was 4 or 8 IU/mL under natural light readout, or both 4 IU/mL ToxAbs under ultraviolet (UV) light readout by the naked eyes, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) of two types of CNPs-FQLFIA was both 1 IU/mL ToxAbs under UV light by a dry fluorescence analyzer, but no cross-reaction was found with other antibodies. The intra-assay coefficient variation (CV) of both CNPs-EuNPs-FQLFIA and CNPs-QDs-FQLFIA was less than 8%, while the inter-assay CV was less than 14%, respectively. The correlation coefficient (R2) of CNPs-EuNPs-FQLFIA or CNPs-QDs-FQLFIA to measure the different concentrations of ToxAbs spiked serum samples was 0.99712 and 0.99896, respectively. The CNPs-FQLFIA presented a characteristics of 94.3% sensitivity, 100% specificity and 98% accuracy for detection of ToxAbs in clinical serum samples. In conclusion, CNPs-FQLFIA with EuNPs or QDs fluorescence reporter was an easy, rapid, sensitive, precise and quantitative assay for detecting Tox antibodies in human blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xintong Li
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Bai Rui Kang (BRK) Biological Science and Technology Limited Company, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jinhui Lu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Enhui Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chaolan Liang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yongshui Fu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyao Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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6
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Jiang S, Chen Y, Liang J, Xiao H, Lin M, Cui X, Zhao S. An AgPd NP-based lateral flow immunoassay for simultaneous detection of glycocholic acid and alpha-fetoprotein. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1508-1514. [PMID: 38372146 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02286b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, ranking third in cancer deaths. Early diagnosis of HCC markers is imperative for effective prognosis and treatment. This study explores the utility of glycocholic acid (GCA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as biomarkers for liver diseases, with a specific focus on their simultaneous detection for enhanced diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. Harnessing the benefits of lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), such as operational simplicity, speed, and accuracy, we engineered AgPd nanocomposites with antibodies targeting GCA and AFP. Under the optimized conditions, the visual detection limit for GCA was established at 50 ng mL-1 and the cut-off value at 104 ng mL-1. And for AFP, the visual detection limit was 0.1 ng mL-1 and the cut-off value was 500 ng mL-1. The accuracy and feasibility of the strips were validated through the detection of 39 actual serum samples. The results highlight the potential of LFIA as a rapid and effective tool for clinical diagnosis. The developed LFIA method not only demonstrates accuracy and feasibility but also presents a promising avenue for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaqiong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jinhui Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huanxin Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingxia Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiping Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Gul AR, Bal J, Xu P, Ghosh S, Yun T, Kailasa SK, Kim YH, Park TJ. Serodiagnosis of multiple cancers using an extracellular protein kinase A autoantibody-based lateral flow platform. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115902. [PMID: 38056339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular protein kinase A autoantibody (ECPKA-AutoAb) has been suggested as a universal cancer biomarker due to its higher amounts in serum of several types of cancer patients than that of normal individuals. Herein, we first developed a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) tool, using a sandwich format, toward ECPKA-AutoAb in human serum. For this format, 3G2 as a capture antibody was identified using hybridoma technique and a series of screenings where it showed superior capacity to recognize Enzo PKA catalytic subunit alpha (Cα), compared to other PKA antibodies and antigens. Using these components, we performed sandwich ELISA toward a mimic and real sample of ECPKA-AutoAb. As per the results, limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 135 ng/mL and ECPKA-AutoAb levels were higher in various cancer patients than in normal individuals like previous studies. Based on these results, we applied this sandwich format into LFIA tool and found that the LOD of the fabricated LFIA tool showed about 3.8 ng/mL using spiked PKA-Ab, which is significantly improved compared to the LOD of sandwich ELISA. Also, the developed LFIA tool demonstrated a remarkable ability to detect significant differences in ECPKA-AutoAb levels between normal and cancer patients within 15 min, showing a potential for point-of-care (PoC) detection. One interesting point is that our LFIA strip contains an additional conjugation pad II, named because of its position behind the conjugation pad, in which PKA Cα is dried, enabling a sandwich format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Rana Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jyotiranjan Bal
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Subhadeep Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyun Yun
- KNAX Ltd., D-1414, (Hanam Techno Valley U1 Center) 947, Hanam-daero, Hanam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 12982, Republic of Korea
| | - Suresh Kumar Kailasa
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395 007, Gujrat, India
| | - Yeong Hyeock Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Kim J, Shin MS, Shin J, Kim HM, Pham XH, Park SM, Kim DE, Kim YJ, Jun BH. Recent Trends in Lateral Flow Immunoassays with Optical Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119600. [PMID: 37298550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid, accurate, and convenient diagnosis is essential for effective disease management. Various detection methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, have been extensively used, with lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) recently emerging as a major diagnostic tool. Nanoparticles (NPs) with characteristic optical properties are used as probes for LFIA, and researchers have presented various types of optical NPs with modified optical properties. Herein, we review the literature on LFIA with optical NPs for the detection of specific targets in the context of diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehi Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sup Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyun Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Mo Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuan-Hung Pham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Park
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dong-Eun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Hyun Jun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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9
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Liu H, Ji F, Ding SN. Carbon black as a colorimetric label for an immunochromatographic test strip for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus detection. Analyst 2023. [PMID: 37194303 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To combat the ongoing threat posed by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), especially in underserved areas, there is an urgent need for an affordable and reliable point-of-care diagnostic tool. This study presents a carbon black-based immunochromatographic test strip (CB-ICTS) for the detection of SFTSV, which is both quick and easy to operate. The study optimized the specific steps for carbon black-labeled antibodies, as well as the amount of carbon black and anti-SFTSV antibody used. Under optimal experimental conditions, the linear range and limit of detection of the CB-ICTS were evaluated using different concentrations of SFTSV standard samples. The detection range of the CB-ICTS for SFTSV was found to be 0.1-1000 ng mL-1, with a limit of detection of 100 pg mL-1. The precision and accuracy of the CB-ICTS were assessed by examining spiked healthy human serum samples, which displayed recoveries ranging from 91.58 to 105.4% with a coefficient of variation of less than 11%. This work evaluated the specificity of the CB-ICTS using various biomarkers (CA125, AFP, CA199, CEA, and HCG) and demonstrated that the CB-ICTS is highly specific for detecting SFTSV, suggesting its potential for the early diagnosis of SFTSV. In addition, the study evaluated the CB-ICTS in serum samples from patients with SFTSV, and the results were highly consistent with those detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of using the CB-ICTS as a reliable point-of-care diagnostic tool for the early detection of SFTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Ji
- Jiangsu King's Luck Brewery Joint-Stock Co., Ltd, Lianshui 223411, China
| | - Shou-Nian Ding
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
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10
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Nan X, Yang L, Cui Y. Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Proteins. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 544:117337. [PMID: 37044163 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein biomarkers are useful for disease diagnosis. Identification thereof using in vitro diagnostics such as lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) has attracted considerable attention due to their low cost and ease of use especially in the point of care setting. Current challenges, however, do remain with respect to material selection for each component in the device and the synergistic integration of these components to display detectable signals. This review explores the principle of LFIA for protein biomarkers, device components including biomaterials and labeling methods. Medical applications and commercial status are examined as well. This review highlights critical methodologies in the development of new LFIAs and their role in advancing healthcare worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxu Nan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University; First Hospital Interdisciplinary Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100034, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University; First Hospital Interdisciplinary Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China.
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11
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Jing HH, Bardakci F, Akgöl S, Kusat K, Adnan M, Alam MJ, Gupta R, Sahreen S, Chen Y, Gopinath SCB, Sasidharan S. Green Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties and Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:27. [PMID: 36662074 PMCID: PMC9863160 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a new category of crystalline, quasi-spherical fluorescence, "zero-dimensional" carbon nanomaterials with a spatial size between 1 nm to 10 nm and have gained widespread attention in recent years. Green CDs are carbon dots synthesised from renewable biomass such as agro-waste, plants or medicinal plants and other organic biomaterials. Plant-mediated synthesis of CDs is a green chemistry approach that connects nanotechnology with the green synthesis of CDs. Notably, CDs made with green technology are economical and far superior to those manufactured with physicochemical methods due to their exclusive benefits, such as being affordable, having high stability, having a simple protocol, and being safer and eco-benign. Green CDs can be synthesized by using ultrasonic strategy, chemical oxidation, carbonization, solvothermal and hydrothermal processes, and microwave irradiation using various plant-based organic resources. CDs made by green technology have diverse applications in biomedical fields such as bioimaging, biosensing and nanomedicine, which are ascribed to their unique properties, including excellent luminescence effect, strong stability and good biocompatibility. This review mainly focuses on green CDs synthesis, characterization techniques, beneficial properties of plant resource-based green CDs and their biomedical applications. This review article also looks at the research gaps and future research directions for the continuous deepening of the exploration of green CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hui Jing
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Fevzi Bardakci
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sinan Akgöl
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Kevser Kusat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, DokuzEylül University, Izmir 35390, Turkey
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Jahoor Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reena Gupta
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Sumaira Sahreen
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
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12
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Willemsen L, Wichers J, Xu M, Van Hoof R, Van Dooremalen C, Van Amerongen A, Peters J. Biosensing Chlorpyrifos in Environmental Water Samples by a Newly Developed Carbon Nanoparticle-Based Indirect Lateral Flow Assay. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:735. [PMID: 36140120 PMCID: PMC9496275 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are used in agriculture to prevent pests. Chlorpyrifos (CHLP) is an insecticide with potentially detrimental effects on humans, bees, and the aquatic environment. Its effects have led to a total ban by the European Union (EU), but outside the EU, CHLP is still produced and used. An indirect lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for the detection of CHLP was developed and integrated into a cassette to create a lateral flow device (LFD). Species-specific reporter antibodies were coupled to carbon nanoparticles to create a detector conjugate. Water samples were mixed with a specific CHLP monoclonal antibody and detector conjugate and applied to the LFD. Dose-response curves elicited the detection of low concentrations of CHLP (<1 µg/L). This sensitivity was recorded through a rapid handheld digital imaging device but also visually by naked eye. The CHLP LFD was applied to a range of European surface water samples, fortified with CHLP, revealing a sensitivity in these matrices of 2 µg/L, both by digital and visual analysis. To improve the simplicity of the CHLP LFIA, the assay reagents were dried in tubes, enabling to carry out the test by simply adding water samples and inserting the LFIA strips. This CHLP LFIA is thus suited for the on-site screening of surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Willemsen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Wichers
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mang Xu
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Van Hoof
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aart Van Amerongen
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Peters
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Khan ME, Mohammad A, Yoon T. State-of-the-art developments in carbon quantum dots (CQDs): Photo-catalysis, bio-imaging, and bio-sensing applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134815. [PMID: 35526688 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), the intensifying nanostructured form of carbon material, have exhibited incredible impetus in several research fields such as bio-imaging, bio-sensing, drug delivery systems, optoelectronics, photovoltaics, and photocatalysis, thanks to their exceptional properties. The CQDs show extensive photonic and electronic properties, as well as their light-collecting, tunable photoluminescence, remarkable up-converted photoluminescence, and photo-induced transfer of electrons were widely studied. These properties have great advantages in a variety of visible-light-induced catalytic applications for the purpose of fully utilizing the energy from the solar spectrum. The major purpose of this review is to validate current improvements in the fabrication of CQDs, characteristics, and visible-light-induced catalytic applications, with a focus on CQDs multiple functions in photo-redox processes. We also examine the problems and future directions of CQD-based nanostructured materials in this growing research field, with an eye toward establishing a decisive role for CQDs in photocatalysis, bio-imaging, and bio-sensing applications that are enormously effective and stable over time. In the end, a look forward to future developments is presented, with a view to overcoming challenges and encouraging further research into this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ehtisham Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, College of Applied Industrial Technology (CAIT), Jazan University, Jazan, 45971, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Akbar Mohammad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea.
| | - Taeho Yoon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea.
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14
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Nuntawong P, Putalun W, Tanaka H, Morimoto S, Sakamoto S. Lateral flow immunoassay for small-molecules detection in phytoproducts: a review. J Nat Med 2022; 76:521-545. [PMID: 35171397 PMCID: PMC9165253 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Phytoproducts are involved in various fields of industry. Small-molecule (Mw < 900 Da) organic compounds can be used to indicate the quality of plant samples in the perspective of efficacy by measuring the necessary secondary metabolites and in the perspective of safety by measuring the adulterant level of toxic compounds. The development of reliable detection methods for these compounds in such a complicated matrix is challenging. The lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) is one of the immunoassays well-known for its simplicity, portability, and rapidity. In this review, the general principle, components, format, and application of the LFA for phytoproducts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poomraphie Nuntawong
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Waraporn Putalun
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products Using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), National Research University-Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- School of Pharmacy, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 1-1-1 Daigakudouri, Sanyo-onoda-shi, Yamaguchi, 756-0884, Japan
| | - Satoshi Morimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Seiichi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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15
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Rawat P, Nain P, Sharma S, Sharma PK, Malik V, Majumder S, Verma VP, Rawat V, Rhyee JS. An Overview of Synthetic Methods and Applications of Photoluminescent Properties of Carbon Quantum Dots. LUMINESCENCE 2022. [PMID: 35419945 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are promising carbonaceous nanomaterials fortuitously discovered in 2004. CQDs are the rising stars in the nanotechnology ensemble because of their unique properties and widespread applications in sensing, imaging, medicine, catalysis, and optoelectronics. CQDs are notable for their excellent solubility and effective luminescence, and as a result, they are also known as carbon nanolights. Many strategies are used for the efficient and economical preparation of CQDs; however, CQDs prepared from waste or green sustainable methods have greater requirements due to their safety and ease of synthesis. Sustainable chemical strategies for CQDs have been developed, emphasizing green synthetic methodologies based on "top-down" and "bottom-up" approaches. This review summarizes many such studies relevant to the development of sustainable methods for photoluminescent CQDs. Furthermore, we have emphasized recent advances in CQDs' photoluminescent applications in chemical and biological fields. Finally, a brief overview of synthetic processes utilizing the green source and their associated applications are tabulated, providing a clear understanding of the new optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Rawat
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Haryana, India.,Department of Applied Physics and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hyee University, Yong-in, Republic of Korea
| | - Parul Nain
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Haryana, India
| | - Shaveta Sharma
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Haryana, India
| | - Parshant Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, S.D. College of Engineering & Technology, Muzaffarnagar, U.P, India
| | - Vidhu Malik
- Department of Chemistry, DCRUST Murthal, Sonipat
| | - Sudip Majumder
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Haryana, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali , Banasthali Newai University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Varun Rawat
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Haryana, India.,School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jong Soo Rhyee
- Department of Applied Physics and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hyee University, Yong-in, Republic of Korea
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16
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Ji L, Zhang L, Yang H, Liang S, Pan J, Zou Y, Li S, Li Q, Zhao S. Versatile Au@Ru nanocomposites for the rapid detection of Salmonella typhimurium and photothermal sterilization. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 621:489-498. [PMID: 35483180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In view of the current public health hazards of food-borne pathogens, it is urgent to develop a rapid detection method with high sensitivity, good specificity and operational convenience, as well as to determine an effective sterilization strategy. Herein, versatile gold-ruthenium nanocomposites modified with antibody (Au@Ru-pAb Ncs) have been constructed for the sensitive detection of Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) via the lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA). Au@Ru-pAb Ncs based LFIA exhibited a wide detection range from 2.9 × 106 CFU/mL to 2.9 × 1011 CFU/mL with the limit of detection of 9.8 × 104 CFU/mL for S. typhimurium, and displayed excellent specificity. In addition, Au@Ru-pAb Ncs irradiated with 808 nm (500 mW/cm2) near-infrared light (NIR) had a significant antibacterial effect within only 5 min, attributed to its high photothermal conversion efficiency of 54.14%. Therefore, both sensitive detection of S. typhimurium and effective NIR-triggered photothermal sterilization were achieved by using versatile Au@Ru-pAb Ncs, showing great prospects in the field of pathogen detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Junkang Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yikui Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijia Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Huang N, Wen J, Yi D, Wei Z, Long Y, Zheng H. Colorimetric detection of ATP by inhibiting the Peroxidase-like activity of carbon dots. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 268:120658. [PMID: 34862139 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the main energy currency for cells and an important biomolecule involved in cellular reactions, whose abnormal levels are closely related to physical disease, thus it is extremely important to establish a convenient, fast and simple ATP monitoring method. Toward this end, we developed a facile method for colorimetric detection of ATP on the basis of the inhibiting effect of ATP on the peroxidase-like activity of carbon dots (CDs). The detection principle of this method was utilizing the peroxidase-like activity of CDs, which catalyze the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by H2O2 to generate blue products. However, the introduction of ATP in the system can inhibit the generation of blue products, so ATP can be colorimetric detected. This method exhibited high sensitivity with a detection limit of 34 nM and a wide linear range (0.050-2.0 μM). The as-proposed colorimetric ATP sensor was capable of detecting ATP in real samples accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiahui Wen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Danyang Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zixuan Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yijuan Long
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huzhi Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
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18
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Sohrabi H, Majidi MR, Khaki P, Jahanban-Esfahlan A, de la Guardia M, Mokhtarzadeh A. State of the art: Lateral flow assays toward the point-of-care foodborne pathogenic bacteria detection in food samples. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:1868-1912. [PMID: 35194932 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diverse chemicals and some physical phenomena recently introduced in nanotechnology have enabled scientists to develop useful devices in the field of food sciences. Concerning such developments, detecting foodborne pathogenic bacteria is now an important issue. These kinds of bacteria species have demonstrated severe health effects after consuming foods and high mortality related to acute cases. The most leading path of intoxication and infection has been through food matrices. Hence, quick recognition of foodborne bacteria agents at low concentrations has been required in current diagnostics. Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are one of the urgent and prevalently applied quick recognition methods that have been settled for recognizing diverse types of analytes. Thus, the present review has stressed on latest developments in LFAs-based platforms to detect various foodborne pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Listeria, Escherichia coli, Brucella, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium botulinum, and Vibrio cholera. Proper prominence has been given on exactly how the labels, detection elements, or procedures have affected recent developments in the evaluation of diverse bacteria using LFAs. Additionally, the modifications in assays specificity and sensitivity consistent with applied food processing techniques have been discussed. Finally, a conclusion has been drawn for highlighting the main challenges confronted through this method and offered a view and insight of thoughts for its further development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessamaddin Sohrabi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Reza Majidi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pegah Khaki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, University College of Nabi Akram (UCNA), Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Comparative Study of Four Coloured Nanoparticle Labels in Lateral Flow Immunoassay. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123277. [PMID: 34947626 PMCID: PMC8708713 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The detection limit of lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is largely determined by the properties of the label used. We compared four nanoparticle labels differing in their chemical composition and colour: (1) gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), red; (2) Au-core/Pt-shell nanoparticles (Au@Pt NPs), black; (3) latex nanoparticles (LPs), green; and (4) magnetic nanoparticles (MPs), brown. The comparison was carried out using one target analyte—Erwinia amylovora, the causal bacterial agent of fire blight. All nanoparticles were conjugated with antibodies through methods that provide maximum functional coverage like physical adsorption (Au NPs, Au@Pt NPs) and covalent bonding (LPs, MPs). All conjugates demonstrated the same ability to bind with E. amylovora through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay where optical properties of the nanoparticles do not determine the registered signal. However, half-maximal binding was achieved at different numbers of nanoparticles because they differ in size. All conjugates based on four nanoparticle labels were used for lateral flow assays. As a result, Au@Pt NPs provided the minimal detection limit that corresponded to 103 CFU/mL. Au NPs and LPs detected 104 CFU/mL, and MPs detected 105 CFU/mL. The results highlight that simply choosing a coloured label can significantly affect the detection limit of LFIA.
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20
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Ginés I, Gaiani G, Ruhela A, Skouridou V, Campàs M, Masip L. Nucleic acid lateral flow dipstick assay for the duplex detection of Gambierdiscus australes and Gambierdiscus excentricus. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 110:102135. [PMID: 34887012 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of harmful microalgae endangers aquatic ecosystems and can have serious economic implications on a global level. Harmful microalgae and their associated toxins also pose a threat to human health since they can cause seafood-borne diseases such as ciguatera. Implementation of DNA-based molecular methods together with appropriate detection strategies in monitoring programs can support the efforts for effective prevention of potential outbreaks. A PCR-lateral flow assay (PCR-LFA) in dipstick format was developed in this work for the detection of two Gambierdiscus species, G. australes and G. excentricus, which are known to produce highly potent neurotoxins known as ciguatoxins and have been associated with ciguatera outbreaks. Duplex PCR amplification of genomic DNA from strains of these species utilizing species-specific ssDNA tailed primers and a common primer containing the binding sequence of scCro DNA binding protein resulted in the generation of hybrid ssDNA-dsDNA amplicons. These were captured on the dipsticks via hybridization with complementary probes and detected with a scCro/carbon nanoparticle (scCro/CNPs) conjugate. The two different test zones on the dipsticks allowed the discrimination of the two species and the assay exhibited high sensitivity, 6.3 pg/μL of genomic DNA from both G. australes and G. excentricus. The specificity of the approach was also demonstrated using genomic DNA from non-target Gambierdiscus species and other microalgae genera which did not produce any signals. The possibility to use cells directly for amplification instead of purified genomic DNA suggested the compatibility of the approach with field sample testing. Future work is required to further explore the potential use of the strategy for on-site analysis and its applicability to other toxic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ginés
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 26 Països Catalans, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Greta Gaiani
- IRTA, Ctra Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Ankur Ruhela
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 26 Països Catalans, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Vasso Skouridou
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 26 Països Catalans, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mònica Campàs
- IRTA, Ctra Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Lluis Masip
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 26 Països Catalans, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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21
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Napione L. Integrated Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies in Lateral Flow Tests for Personalized Medicine Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2362. [PMID: 34578678 PMCID: PMC8465858 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The goal of personalized medicine is to target the right treatments to the right patients at the right time. Patients with a variety of cancers and other complex diseases are regularly tested as part of patient care, enabling physicians to personalize patient monitoring and treatment. Among the sought-after diagnostic tools, there is an increasing interest and need for those based on a low-cost, easy, rapid, and accurate method for the detection of specific circulating biomarkers above a detection threshold. Lateral flow tests (LFTs), enhanced by nanotechnology, can fulfil these requirements, providing a significant support to personalized patient monitoring. In this review, after a short historical synopsis of membrane-based lateral flow assays, including a description of a typical configuration of a LFT strip, a careful collection is presented of the best characterized nanotechnology approaches previously reported for the enhancement of target detection performance. The attempt is to offer an overview of currently integrated nanotechnologies in LFTs, fostering the actual future development of advantageous diagnostic devices for patient monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Napione
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
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22
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Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots as fluorescent probe for Fe3+ detection. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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23
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Zhou S, Xu L, Kuang H, Xiao J, Xu C. Immunoassays for rapid mycotoxin detection: state of the art. Analyst 2021; 145:7088-7102. [PMID: 32990695 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01408g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The widespread presence of mycotoxins in nature not only poses a huge health risk to people in terms of food but also causes incalculable losses to the agricultural economy. As a rapidly developing technology in recent years, the mycotoxin immunoassay technology has approached or even surpassed the traditional chromatography technology in some aspects. Using this approach, the lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has attracted the interest of researchers due to its user-friendly operation, short time consumption, little interference, low cost, and ability to process a large number of samples at the same time. This paper provides an overview of the immunogens commonly used for mycotoxins, the development of antibodies, and the use of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon nanoparticles, enzymes, and fluorescent microsphere labeling materials for the construction of LFIAs to improve detection sensitivity. The analytical performance, detection substrates, detection limits or detection ranges of LFIA for mycotoxins have been listed in recent years. Finally, we describe the future outlook for the field, predicting that portable mobile detection devices and simultaneous quantitative detection of multiple mycotoxins is one of the important directions for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China.
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Speranza G. Carbon Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Functionalization and Sensing Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:967. [PMID: 33918769 PMCID: PMC8069879 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanomaterial design and synthesis has resulted in robust sensing systems that display superior analytical performance. The use of nanomaterials within sensors has accelerated new routes and opportunities for the detection of analytes or target molecules. Among others, carbon-based sensors have reported biocompatibility, better sensitivity, better selectivity and lower limits of detection to reveal a wide range of organic and inorganic molecules. Carbon nanomaterials are among the most extensively studied materials because of their unique properties spanning from the high specific surface area, high carrier mobility, high electrical conductivity, flexibility, and optical transparency fostering their use in sensing applications. In this paper, a comprehensive review has been made to cover recent developments in the field of carbon-based nanomaterials for sensing applications. The review describes nanomaterials like fullerenes, carbon onions, carbon quantum dots, nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Synthesis of these nanostructures has been discussed along with their functionalization methods. The recent application of all these nanomaterials in sensing applications has been highlighted for the principal applicative field and the future prospects and possibilities have been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Speranza
- CMM—FBK, v. Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy;
- IFN—CNR, CSMFO Lab., via alla Cascata 56/C Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, v. Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
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25
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Emami E, Mousazadeh MH. pH-responsive zwitterionic carbon dots for detection of rituximab antibody. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:1198-1208. [PMID: 33749984 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic carbon dots (CDs) have received much attention as a result of good photostability, high biocompatibility, and high quantum yield. In this study, novel zwitterionic CDs were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method of citric acid (CA) and l-histidine as carbon and nitrogen precursors, respectively. Prepared zwitterionic CDs have an average particle size of 4 nm diameter and showed green fluorescence with a peak at 530 nm when excited at 470 nm; quantum efficiency was 39.34% using rhodamine 6G as a baseline. The fluorescence intensity of zwitterionic CDs was quenched by rituximab in the range 0-400 μmol L-1 , with a limit of detection of 27 μmol L-1 . In addition, the synthesized zwitterionic CDs had low toxicity, good stability, and high selectivity and sensitivity sensing for rituximab, therefore zwitterionic CDs are a promising candidate for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Emami
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Avenue, P.O. Box: 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Mousazadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Avenue, P.O. Box: 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
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Porras JC, Bernuz M, Marfa J, Pallares-Rusiñol A, Martí M, Pividori MI. Comparative Study of Gold and Carbon Nanoparticles in Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Assay. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:741. [PMID: 33804266 PMCID: PMC8000918 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A lateral flow assay (LFA) is a paper-based, point-of-need test designed to detect a specific analyte in complex samples in low-resource settings. Although LFA has been successfully used in different applications, its use is still limited when high sensitivity is required, especially in the diagnosis of an early-stage condition. The limit of detection (LOD) is clearly related to the signal-generating system used to achieve the visual readout, in many cases involving nanoparticles coupled to a biomolecule, which, when combined, provides sensitivity and specificity, respectively. While colloidal gold is currently the most-used label, other detection systems are being developed. Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) demonstrate outstanding features to improve the sensitivity of this technology by producing an increased contrast in the paper background. Based on the necessity of sensitivity improvement, the aim of this work is a comparative study, in terms of analytical performance, between commercial streptavidin gold nanoparticles (streptAv-AuNPs) and avidin carbon nanoparticles (Av-CNPs) in a nucleic acid lateral flow assay. The visual LOD of the method was calculated by serial dilution of the DNA template, ranging from 0.0 to 7 pg μL-1/1.5 × 104 CFU mL-1). The LFA achieved visual detection of as low as 2.2 × 10-2 pg μL-1 using Av-CNPs and 8.4 × 10-2 pg μL-1 using streptAv-AuNPs. These LODs could be obtained without the assistance of any instrumentation. The results demonstrate that CNPs showed an increased sensitivity, achieving the nanomolar range even by visual inspection. Furthermore, CNPs are the cheapest labels, and the suspensions are very stable and easy to modify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Porras
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (J.C.P.); (M.B.); (J.M.); (A.P.-R.)
| | - Mireia Bernuz
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (J.C.P.); (M.B.); (J.M.); (A.P.-R.)
| | - Jennifer Marfa
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (J.C.P.); (M.B.); (J.M.); (A.P.-R.)
| | - Arnau Pallares-Rusiñol
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (J.C.P.); (M.B.); (J.M.); (A.P.-R.)
| | - Mercè Martí
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - María Isabel Pividori
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (J.C.P.); (M.B.); (J.M.); (A.P.-R.)
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
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Sharma R, Verma A, Shinde N, Mann B, Gandhi K, Wichers JH, van Amerongen A. Adulteration of cow's milk with buffalo's milk detected by an on-site carbon nanoparticles-based lateral flow immunoassay. Food Chem 2021; 351:129311. [PMID: 33636533 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A competitive lateral flow immunoassay using amorphous carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) and non-immunoglobulin antigen has been developed for the rapid detection of adulteration of cow's milk with buffalo's milk. Purified polyclonal antibodies against a specific buffalo's milk protein fraction were conjugated to CNPs and sprayed on a conjugate pad. The test line consisted of buffalo's skimmed milk proteins (1.6 μg/cm), while the control line contained anti-rabbit antibodies raised in goat (0.5 μg/cm). In the test procedure milk sample is mixed with 100 mM borate buffer (pH 8.8 containing 1% BSA and 0.05% Tween 20) and pipetted onto the sample-cum-conjugate pad. A black/grey test line can be observed if the sample is free from buffalo's milk. The sensitivity of the test i.e. no visible test line is 5% adulteration of cow's milk with buffalo's milk. The test has applicability at the milk receiving stations and can be applied to heated milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Sharma
- Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132 001, India.
| | - Archana Verma
- Animal Genetics & Breeding Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132 001, India
| | - Nitin Shinde
- Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132 001, India
| | - Bimlesh Mann
- Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132 001, India
| | - Kamal Gandhi
- Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132 001, India
| | - Jan H Wichers
- BioSensing & Diagnostics, Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Aart van Amerongen
- BioSensing & Diagnostics, Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Kim K, Kashefi-Kheyrabadi L, Joung Y, Kim K, Dang H, Chavan SG, Lee MH, Choo J. Recent advances in sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based lateral flow assay platforms for point-of-care diagnostics of infectious diseases. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2021; 329:129214. [PMID: 36568647 PMCID: PMC9759493 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2020.129214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This review reports the recent advances in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based lateral flow assay (LFA) platforms for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. As observed through the recent infection outbreaks of COVID-19 worldwide, a timely diagnosis of the disease is critical for preventing the spread of a disease and to ensure epidemic preparedness. In this regard, an innovative point-of-care diagnostic method is essential. Recently, SERS-based assay platforms have received increasing attention in medical communities owing to their high sensitivity and multiplex detection capability. In contrast, LFAs provide a user-friendly and easily accessible sensing platform. Thus, the combination of LFAs with a SERS detection system provides a new diagnostic modality for accurate and rapid diagnoses of infectious diseases. In this context, we briefly discuss the recent application of LFA platforms for the POC diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Thereafter, we focus on the recent advances in SERS-based LFA platforms for the early diagnosis of infectious diseases and their applicability for the rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Finally, the key issues that need to be addressed to accelerate the clinical translation of SERS-based LFA platforms from the research laboratory to the bedside are discussed.
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Key Words
- AuNPs, gold nanoparticles
- BA, bacillary angiomatosis
- CRISPR, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- IFA, indirect immunofluorescence assay
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- IgM, immunoglobulin M
- In vitro diagnostics (IVD)
- Infectious disease
- KSHV, Kaposi’s sarcoma herpes virus
- LFA, lateral flow assay
- Lateral flow assay (LFA)
- NC, nitrocellulose
- NS1, nonstructural protein 1
- POC, point-of-care
- PRV, pseudorabies virus
- Point-of-care (POC)
- RT-PCR, real-time polymerase chain reaction
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2
- SEB, staphylococcal enterotoxin
- SERS, surface-enhanced Raman scattering
- Si-AuNPs, silica-encapsulated AuNPs
- Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)
- crRNAs, CRISPR RNAs
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | | | - Younju Joung
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Kyeongnyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Hajun Dang
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Sachin Ganpat Chavan
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
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Vázquez-González M, Willner I. Aptamer-Functionalized Hybrid Nanostructures for Sensing, Drug Delivery, Catalysis and Mechanical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1803. [PMID: 33670386 PMCID: PMC7918352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequence-specific nucleic acids exhibiting selective recognition properties towards low-molecular-weight substrates and macromolecules (aptamers) find growing interest as functional biopolymers for analysis, medical applications such as imaging, drug delivery and even therapeutic agents, nanotechnology, material science and more. The present perspective article introduces a glossary of examples for diverse applications of aptamers mainly originated from our laboratory. These include the introduction of aptamer-functionalized nanomaterials such as graphene oxide, Ag nanoclusters and semiconductor quantum dots as functional hybrid nanomaterials for optical sensing of target analytes. The use of aptamer-functionalized DNA tetrahedra nanostructures for multiplex analysis and aptamer-loaded metal-organic framework nanoparticles acting as sense-and-treat are introduced. Aptamer-functionalized nano and microcarriers are presented as stimuli-responsive hybrid drug carriers for controlled and targeted drug release, including aptamer-functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles, carbon dots, metal-organic frameworks and microcapsules. A further application of aptamers involves the conjugation of aptamers to catalytic units as a means to mimic enzyme functions "nucleoapzymes". In addition, the formation and dissociation of aptamer-ligand complexes are applied to develop mechanical molecular devices and to switch nanostructures such as origami scaffolds. Finally, the article discusses future challenges in applying aptamers in material science, nanotechnology and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Vázquez-González
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Itamar Willner
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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30
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Huang W, Guo E, Li J, Deng A. Quantitative and ultrasensitive detection of brombuterol by a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (FLIA) using Ag MBA@Au-Ab as an immunoprobe. Analyst 2021; 146:296-304. [PMID: 33146162 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01949f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Brombuterol is a new emerging β-adrenergic agonist that has been used as an additive in animal feed to enhance the lean meat-to-fat ratio. Due to its potential harm to consumers, it is urgent to develop sensitive, simple and rapid analytical methods to monitor brombuterol residue. In this study, a competitive lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (FLIA) based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was developed for ultrasensitive quantitative determination of brombuterol in swine liver, pork and feed samples. Ag@Au core-shell bimetallic nanoparticles with the highest SERS enhancement were synthesized, characterized and used as the substrate for preparation of the immunoprobe AgMBA@Au-Ab, in which the Raman reporter mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA) was embedded between the core-shell layers and monoclonal antibodies against brombuterol were immobilized on the surfaces of nanoparticles. The presence of brombuterol was identified through a color change on testing lines. In addition, quantitative detection of brombuterol was achieved by measuring the characteristic Raman peak intensity of MBA in the immunoprobes captured by the coating antigen. The IC50 and limit of detection (LOD) of the SERS-based FLIA for brombuterol were 45 pg mL-1 and 0.11 pg mL-1, respectively. The recoveries of brombuterol from spiked samples were in the range of 87.27-100.16% with relative standard deviations of 1.29%-6.99% (n = 3). The proposed SERS-based LFIA was proven to be a feasible method for ultrasensitive and rapid detection of brombuterol and might be a platform for sensitive and rapid detection of a broad range of analytes in clinical, environmental and food analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Huang
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai zRoad 199, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Ross GMS, Filippini D, Nielen MWF, Salentijn GI. Unraveling the Hook Effect: A Comprehensive Study of High Antigen Concentration Effects in Sandwich Lateral Flow Immunoassays. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15587-15595. [PMID: 33185097 PMCID: PMC7711776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sandwich lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are limited at high antigen concentrations by the hook effect, leading to a contradictory decrease in the test line (T) intensity and false-negative results. The hook effect is mainly associated with the loss of T, and research focuses on minimizing this effect. Nevertheless, the control line (C) intensity is also affected at higher analyte concentrations, undesirably influencing the T/C ratio in LFIA readers. The main aim of this work is to identify and understand these high antigen concentration effects in order to develop ubiquitous strategies to interpret and mitigate such effects. Four complementary experiments were performed: performance assessment of three different allergen LFIAs (two for hazelnut, one for peanut) over 0.075-3500 ppm, LFIAs with C only, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) binding experiments on the immobilized control antibody, and smartphone video recording of LFIAs during their development. As antigen concentrations increase, the C signal decreases before the T signal does, suggesting that distinct mechanisms underlie these intensity reductions. Reduced binding at the C occurred even in the absence of T, so the upfront T does not explain the loss of C. SPR confirmed that the C antibody favors binding with free labeled antibody compared with a labeled antibody-analyte complex, indicating that in antigen excess, binding is reduced at C before T. Finally, a smartphone-based video method was developed for dynamically monitoring the LFIA development in real time to distinguish between different concentration-dependent effects. Digitally analyzing the data allows clear differentiation of highly positive samples and false-negative samples and can indicate whether the LFIA is in the dynamic working range or at critically high concentrations. The aim of this work is to identify and understand such high antigen concentration effects in order to develop ubiquitous strategies to interpret and mitigate such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M S Ross
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, Wageningen 6700 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Filippini
- Optical Devices Laboratory, Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, IFM-Linköping University, Linköping S58183, Sweden
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, Wageningen 6700 AE, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Ij Salentijn
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, Wageningen 6700 AE, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
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32
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Tutorial: design and fabrication of nanoparticle-based lateral-flow immunoassays. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:3788-3816. [PMID: 33097926 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lateral-flow assays (LFAs) are quick, simple and cheap assays to analyze various samples at the point of care or in the field, making them one of the most widespread biosensors currently available. They have been successfully employed for the detection of a myriad of different targets (ranging from atoms up to whole cells) in all type of samples (including water, blood, foodstuff and environmental samples). Their operation relies on the capillary flow of the sample throughout a series of sequential pads, each with different functionalities aiming to generate a signal to indicate the absence/presence (and, in some cases, the concentration) of the analyte of interest. To have a user-friendly operation, their development requires the optimization of multiple, interconnected parameters that may overwhelm new developers. In this tutorial, we provide the readers with: (i) the basic knowledge to understand the principles governing an LFA and to take informed decisions during lateral flow strip design and fabrication, (ii) a roadmap for optimal LFA development independent of the specific application, (iii) a step-by-step example procedure for the assembly and operation of an LF strip for the detection of human IgG and (iv) an extensive troubleshooting section addressing the most frequent issues in designing, assembling and using LFAs. By changing only the receptors, the provided example procedure can easily be adapted for cost-efficient detection of a broad variety of targets.
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Wang Z, Sun Y, Liang D, Zeng Y, He S, Mari GM, Peng T, Jiang H. Highly sensitive chromatographic time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for rapid onsite detection of streptomycin in milk. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8750-8760. [PMID: 32713697 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic residues are major contaminants in milk because of their use in agriculture and animal husbandry. In particular, streptomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is a potential risk to consumers because of its ototoxicity, anaphylaxis, and growth inhibition. Herein, monoclonal antibodies for streptomycin were conjugated with europium microspheres to serve as detection probes for the development of a chromatographic time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay to detect streptomycin residues in milk. The method had a low detection limit of 0.58 µg/kg, a linear range of 0.8 to 6.25 μg/kg, and substantial recovery, from 85.6 to 108.3%. It showed slight cross-reactivity with another aminoglycoside analog. Strong correlations between the results of established chromatographic time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry indicated that the established fluoroimmunoassay is a reliable method for rapid onsite detection of streptomycin in milk and it has great potential in food safety monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zile Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanze Sun
- Shunyi Animal Health Supervision and Administration Bureau, Beijing 101300, People's Republic of China
| | - Demei Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Zeng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ghulam Mujtaba Mari
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Hegde S, Kumar A, Hegde G. Synthesis of Sustainable Carbon Nanospheres from Natural Bioresources and Their Diverse Applications. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2020-1353.ch016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Hegde
- Centre for Nano-materials and Displays, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bull Temple Road, Basavanagudi, Bengaluru 560019, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)/Luonnonvarakeskus (Luke), Joensuu Unit, Yliopistokatu 6 80100, JOENSUU, Finland
| | - Gurumurthy Hegde
- Centre for Nano-materials and Displays, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bull Temple Road, Basavanagudi, Bengaluru 560019, India
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35
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Liu J, Yu Q, Zhao G, Dou W. A novel immunochromatographic assay using ultramarine blue particles as visible label for quantitative detection of hepatitis B virus surface antigen. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1098:140-147. [PMID: 31948577 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ultramarine blue particles as a novel visible label has been used to develop immunochromatographic assay (ICA). The ultramarine blue particles, as a sodalite mineral with formula: (Na,Ca)8[(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2(Al6Si6O24)], can generate a blue visible signal were used as a label for ICA. Ultramarine blue particles were applied to a sandwich immunoassay to detect hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg). Ultramarine blue particles were separated from ultramarine blue industrial product by centrifugation. The polyacrylic acid (PAA) was used to modify the carboxyl group on the surface of ultramarine blue particles. The goat anti-HBsAg monoclonal antibody was modified on ultramarine blue particles by EDC/NHS activation of the carboxyl groups. In the presence of HBsAg, the immune ultramarine blue particles were bound on test line zone and forming a blue line on ICA strip which was directly readout by naked eye and quantitatively measured by Image J software. Under optimal conditions, the color depth of test line was linearly correlated with the concentration of HBsAg in concentration range from 1 to 50 ng mL-1. The calibration equation was y = 385.796 + 97.2298x (R2 = 0.9872), with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.37 ng mL -1(S/N = 3). The sensitivity of this novel ICA was better than that of ICA based on traditional gold nanoparticles as reporter probe. The ultramarine blue particles offer an alternative type of visible label nanomaterial for the development of ICA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qiongqiong Yu
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Guangying Zhao
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Wenchao Dou
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Shoval A, Markus A, Zhou Z, Liu X, Cazelles R, Willner I, Mandel Y. Anti-VEGF-Aptamer Modified C-Dots-A Hybrid Nanocomposite for Topical Treatment of Ocular Vascular Disorders. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902776. [PMID: 31402576 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces pathological angiogenetic ocular diseases. It is a scientific challenge to develop carriers for the controlled release of inhibitors for VEGF present in the back of the eye domain. Carbon dots (C-dots) functionalized with the VEGF aptamer are introduced and the hybrid nanoparticles are used for ocular nanomedicine. The C-dots are applied as effective carriers of the anti-VEGF aptamer across the cornea, yielding therapeutic levels upon topical administration. The hybrids show no toxicity for both in vitro and in vivo murine animal model, and further enable noninvasive intraocular concentration monitoring through the C-dots inherent fluorescence. In addition, the hybrid C-dots effectively inhibit VEGF-stimulated angiogenesis in choroidal blood vessels. This inhibition is comparable to two commercially available anti-VEGF drugs, bevacizumab and aflibercept. The hybrid aptamer-modified C-dots provide a versatile nanomaterial to treat age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Shoval
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290009, Israel
- Bar Ilan's Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290009, Israel
| | - Amos Markus
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290009, Israel
- Bar Ilan's Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290009, Israel
| | - Zhixin Zhou
- Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Rémi Cazelles
- Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Yossi Mandel
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290009, Israel
- Bar Ilan's Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290009, Israel
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37
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Gupta BD, Pathak A, Semwal V. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Plasmonic Sensors: A Review. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19163536. [PMID: 31412590 PMCID: PMC6720510 DOI: 10.3390/s19163536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique is a remarkable tool, with applications in almost every area of science and technology. Sensing is the foremost and majorly explored application of SPR technique. The last few decades have seen a surge in SPR sensor research related to sensitivity enhancement and innovative target materials for specificity. Nanotechnological advances have augmented the SPR sensor research tremendously by employing nanomaterials in the design of SPR-based sensors, owing to their manifold properties. Carbon-based nanomaterials, like graphene and its derivatives (graphene oxide (GO)), (reduced graphene oxide (rGO)), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and their nanocomposites, have revolutionized the field of sensing due to their extraordinary properties, such as large surface area, easy synthesis, tunable optical properties, and strong compatible adsorption of biomolecules. In SPR based sensors carbon-based nanomaterials have been used to act as a plasmonic layer, as the sensitivity enhancement material, and to provide the large surface area and compatibility for immobilizing various biomolecules, such as enzymes, DNA, antibodies, and antigens, in the design of the sensing layer. In this review, we report the role of carbon-based nanomaterials in SPR-based sensors, their current developments, and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banshi D Gupta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Anisha Pathak
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vivek Semwal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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Zheng Y, Liu H, Li J, Xiang J, Panmai M, Dai Q, Xu Y, Tie S, Lan S. Controllable Formation of Luminescent Carbon Quantum Dots Mediated by the Fano Resonances Formed in Oligomers of Gold Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901371. [PMID: 31172590 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and controllable formation of fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) is highly desirable in the fields of nanophotonics and biophotonics. Here, a novel strategy for creating CQDs, which emit white light efficiently under the excitation of either laser light or a mercury lamp, is proposed and demonstrated. The luminescent CQDs are generated by irradiating a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film doped with dense gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with femtosecond laser pulses. The creation of CQDs from PVA is a two-step dehydration process mediated by AuNPs which act not only as heat sources but also as catalytic agents. The formation of CC, CC, and CO bonds is confirmed by infrared Fourier transformation spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is revealed both numerically and experimentally that a spatially localized temperature distribution at the deep subwavelength scale can be achieved in oligomers of AuNPs by resonantly exciting the Fano resonances formed in the oligomers of AuNPs, enabling the generation of CQDs with small diameters. As one of the potential applications, it is demonstrated that optical display and optical data storage with ultralow energy can be realized by selectively introducing luminescent CQDs in the AuNP/PVA film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665, P. R. China
| | - Haiying Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jinxiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jin Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Mingcheng Panmai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qiaofeng Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Shaolong Tie
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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39
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Nucleic acid lateral flow assays using a conjugate of a DNA binding protein and carbon nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:426. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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40
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Yang J, Wang K, Xu H, Yan W, Jin Q, Cui D. Detection platforms for point-of-care testing based on colorimetric, luminescent and magnetic assays: A review. Talanta 2019; 202:96-110. [PMID: 31171232 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Along with the considerable potential and increasing demand of the point-of-care testing (POCT), corresponding detection platforms have attracted great interest in both academic and practical fields. The first few generations of conventional detection devices tend to be costly, complicated to operate and hard to move on account of early limitations in the level of technological development and relatively high requirement of performance. Owing to the requirements for rapidity, simplicity, accuracy and cost controlling in the POCT, reader systems are urgently needed to be developed, upgraded and modified constantly, realizing on-site testing and healthcare management without a specific place or cumbersome operation. Accordingly, numerous rapid detection platforms with diverse size and performance have emerged such as bench-top apparatuses, handheld devices and intelligent detection devices. This review discusses various devices developed mainly for the detection of lateral flow test strips (LFTSs) or microfluidic strips in the POCT and summarizes these devices by size and portability. Furthermore, on the basis of various detection methods and diverse probes usually containing specific nanoparticles composites, three most common aspects of detection rationale in the POCT are selected to elaborate each kind of detection platforms in this paper: colorimetric assay, luminescent detection and magnetic signal detection. Herein, we focus on their structures, detection mechanisms and assay results, accompany with discussions and comments on the performances, costs and potential application, as well as advantages and limitations of each technique. In addition, perspectives on the future advances of detection platforms and some conclusions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchuan Yang
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent diagnosis and treatment instrument, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent diagnosis and treatment instrument, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Hao Xu
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Wenqiang Yan
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent diagnosis and treatment instrument, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Qinghui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China; Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent diagnosis and treatment instrument, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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41
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Ultrasensitive detection of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus using surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based lateral flow immunoassay strips. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1053:139-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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42
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Devi P, Saini S, Kim KH. The advanced role of carbon quantum dots in nanomedical applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111158. [PMID: 31323605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have emerged as a potential material in the diverse fields of biomedical applications due to their numerous advantageous properties including fluorescence, water solubility, biocompatibility, low toxicity, small size and ease of modification, inexpensive scale-up production, and versatile conjugation with other nanoparticles. Thus, CQDs became a preferable choice in various biomedical applications such as nanocarriers for drugs, therapeutic genes, photosensitizers, and antibacterial molecules. Further, their potentials have also been verified in multifunctional diagnostic platforms, cellular and bacterial bio-imaging, development of theranostics nanomedicine, etc. This review provides a concise insight into the progress and evolution in the field of CQD research with respect to methods/materials available in bio-imaging, theranostics, cancer/gene therapy, diagnostics, etc. Further, our discussion is extended to explore the role of CQDs in nanomedicine which is considered to be the future of biomedicine. This study will thus help biomedical researchers in tapping the potential of CQDs to overcome various existing technological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Devi
- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30C, Chandigarh 160030, India.
| | - Shefali Saini
- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30C, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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43
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Pampaloni NP, Giugliano M, Scaini D, Ballerini L, Rauti R. Advances in Nano Neuroscience: From Nanomaterials to Nanotools. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:953. [PMID: 30697140 PMCID: PMC6341218 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, neuroscientists have increasingly exploited a variety of artificial, de-novo synthesized materials with controlled nano-sized features. For instance, a renewed interest in the development of prostheses or neural interfaces was driven by the availability of novel nanomaterials that enabled the fabrication of implantable bioelectronics interfaces with reduced side effects and increased integration with the target biological tissue. The peculiar physical-chemical properties of nanomaterials have also contributed to the engineering of novel imaging devices toward sophisticated experimental settings, to smart fabricated scaffolds and microelectrodes, or other tools ultimately aimed at a better understanding of neural tissue functions. In this review, we focus on nanomaterials and specifically on carbon-based nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene. While these materials raise potential safety concerns, they represent a tremendous technological opportunity for the restoration of neuronal functions. We then describe nanotools such as nanowires and nano-modified MEA for high-performance electrophysiological recording and stimulation of neuronal electrical activity. We finally focus on the fabrication of three-dimensional synthetic nanostructures, used as substrates to interface biological cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Giugliano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born-Bunge, Molecular, Cellular, and Network Excitability, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Denis Scaini
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
- ELETTRA Synchrotron Light Source, Nanoinnovation Lab, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Ballerini
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Rossana Rauti
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
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44
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Chen R, Liu B, Ni H, Chang N, Luan C, Ge Q, Dong J, Zhao X. Vertical flow assays based on core–shell SERS nanotags for multiplex prostate cancer biomarker detection. Analyst 2019; 144:4051-4059. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00733d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A core–shell SERS nanotag based VFA with a single test spot for multiplex biomarker detection at pg mL−1 level with a wide LDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Haibin Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Ning Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Chengxin Luan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine)
- Zhongda Hospital
- School of Medicine Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Qinyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Jian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Xiangwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
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45
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Li J, Macdonald J, von Stetten F. Review: a comprehensive summary of a decade development of the recombinase polymerase amplification. Analyst 2019; 144:31-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01621f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RPA is a versatile complement or replacement of PCR, and now is stepping into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications
- IMTEK – Department of Microsystems Engineering
- University of Freiburg
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Joanne Macdonald
- Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster
- Genecology Research Centre
- School of Science and Engineering
- University of the Sunshine Coast
- Australia
| | - Felix von Stetten
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications
- IMTEK – Department of Microsystems Engineering
- University of Freiburg
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
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46
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Christodouleas DC, Kaur B, Chorti P. From Point-of-Care Testing to eHealth Diagnostic Devices (eDiagnostics). ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:1600-1616. [PMID: 30648144 PMCID: PMC6311959 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care devices were originally designed to allow medical testing at or near the point of care by health-care professionals. Some point-of-care devices allow medical self-testing at home but cannot fully cover the growing diagnostic needs of eHealth systems that are under development in many countries. A number of easy-to-use, network-connected diagnostic devices for self-testing are needed to allow remote monitoring of patients' health. This Outlook highlights the essential characteristics of diagnostic devices for eHealth settings and indicates point-of-care technologies that may lead to the development of new devices. It also describes the most representative examples of simple-to-use, point-of-care devices that have been used for analysis of untreated biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Balwinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Parthena Chorti
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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47
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Ross GMS, Bremer MGEG, Wichers JH, van Amerongen A, Nielen MWF. Rapid Antibody Selection Using Surface Plasmon Resonance for High-Speed and Sensitive Hazelnut Lateral Flow Prototypes. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:E130. [PMID: 30558252 PMCID: PMC6316566 DOI: 10.3390/bios8040130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lateral Flow Immunoassays (LFIAs) allow for rapid, low-cost, screening of many biomolecules such as food allergens. Despite being classified as rapid tests, many LFIAs take 10⁻20 min to complete. For a really high-speed LFIA, it is necessary to assess antibody association kinetics. By using a label-free optical technique such as Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), it is possible to screen crude monoclonal antibody (mAb) preparations for their association rates against a target. Herein, we describe an SPR-based method for screening and selecting crude anti-hazelnut antibodies based on their relative association rates, cross reactivity and sandwich pairing capabilities, for subsequent application in a rapid ligand binding assay. Thanks to the SPR selection process, only the fast mAb (F-50-6B12) and the slow (S-50-5H9) mAb needed purification for labelling with carbon nanoparticles to exploit high-speed LFIA prototypes. The kinetics observed in SPR were reflected in LFIA, with the test line appearing within 30 s, almost two times faster when F-50-6B12 was used, compared with S-50-5H9. Additionally, the LFIAs have demonstrated their future applicability to real life samples by detecting hazelnut in the sub-ppm range in a cookie matrix. Finally, these LFIAs not only provide a qualitative result when read visually, but also generate semi-quantitative data when exploiting freely downloadable smartphone apps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M S Ross
- RIKILT, Wageningen University & Research. P.O Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Maria G E G Bremer
- RIKILT, Wageningen University & Research. P.O Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan H Wichers
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, BioSensing & Diagnostics, Wageningen University & Research, P.O Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Aart van Amerongen
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, BioSensing & Diagnostics, Wageningen University & Research, P.O Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- RIKILT, Wageningen University & Research. P.O Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Helix Building 124, Stippeneng 4. 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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48
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Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Lignin/DES Carbon Quantum Dots as a Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Fe 3+ Ions. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10111282. [PMID: 30961207 PMCID: PMC6401814 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as a rising star of carbon nanomaterials have extensive applications due to their excellent characteristics. In this work, we introduce a simple and green method to prepare nitrogen-doped lignin carbon quantum dots (N-L-CQDs) by using alkali lignin carbon sources and deep eutectic solvent (DES) as solution and nitrogen source. The physiochemical characterization results suggested that N-L-CQDs with diameters ranging from 4 to 12 nm were successfully synthesized. The optical properties data indicated that the as-prepared N-L-CQDs with a quantum yield of 7.95% exhibited excellent optoelectronic properties, excitation-dependent and pH stability. After that, we have investigated the N-L-CQDs used as fluorescent probes to detect iron ions, which suggested that the as-prepared N-L-CQDs exhibited excellent sensitivity and selectivity for Fe3+ with a detection limit of 0.44 μM. Besides, cytotoxicity of N-L-CQDs was also evaluated by MTT assay. These results demonstrated that the as-prepared N-L-CQDs with excellent properties have potential applications in environment and biomedicine.
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49
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Sri S, Kumar R, Panda AK, Solanki PR. Highly Biocompatible, Fluorescence, and Zwitterionic Carbon Dots as a Novel Approach for Bioimaging Applications in Cancerous Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:37835-37845. [PMID: 30360121 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Highly biocompatible, excellently photostable, nitrogen- and sulfur-containing novel zwitterionic carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized by microwave-assisted pyrolysis. The size of CDs were 2-5 nm, with an average size of 2.61 ± 0.7 nm. CDs were characterized by UV/vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, zeta potential, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. CDs were known to emit blue fluorescence when excited at 360 nm, that is, UV region, and emit in the blue region of visible spectrum, that is, at 443 nm. CDs showed excitation-independent photoluminescence behavior and were highly fluorescent even at lower concentration under UV light. These CDs were highly fluorescent in nature, with the quantum yield being as high as 80%, which is comparable to that of organic dyes. The CDs were further used to image two different oral cancer cell lines, namely, FaDu (human pharyngeal carcinoma) and Cal-27 (human tongue carcinoma). The cell viability assay demonstarted that CDs were highly biocompatible, which was further confirmed by the side scattering studies as no change in the granularity was observed even at the highest concentration of 1600 μg/mL. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also investigated and negligible generaton of ROS was detected. In addition to that, the uptake phenomenon, cell cycle analysis, exocytosis, and cellular uptake at 4 °C and in the presence of ATP inhibitor were studied. It was found that CDs easily cross the plasma membrane without hampering the cellular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Sri
- Special Centre for Nanoscience , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India
| | - Robin Kumar
- National Institute of Immunology , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg , New Delhi 110067 , India
| | - Amulya K Panda
- National Institute of Immunology , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg , New Delhi 110067 , India
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Special Centre for Nanoscience , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India
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Luo K, Kim HY, Oh MH, Kim YR. Paper-based lateral flow strip assay for the detection of foodborne pathogens: principles, applications, technological challenges and opportunities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:157-170. [PMID: 30311773 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1516623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As a representative colorimetic biosnesor, paper-based LFSA have emerged as a promising and robust tool that can easily and instansly detect the presence of target biological components in food sample. Recently, LFSAs have gained a considerable attention as an alternative method for rapid diagnosis of foodborne pathogens to the conventional culture-based assays such as plate counting and PCR. One major drawback of the current LFSAs for the detection of pathogenic bacteria is the low sensitivity, limiting its practical applications in POCT. Not like many other protein-based biomarkers that are present in nM or pM range, the number of pathogenic bacteria that cause disease can be as low as few CFU/ml. Here, we review current advances in LFSAs for the detection of pathogenic bacteria in terms of chromatic agents and analyte types. Furthermore, recent approaches for signal enhancement and modifications of the LFSA architecture for multiplex detection of pathogenic bacteria are included in this review, together with the advantages and limitations of each techniques. Finally, the technological challenges and future prospect of LFSA-based POCT for the detection of pathogenic bacteria are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Luo
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104 Korea
| | - Hae-Yeong Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104 Korea
| | - Mi-Hwa Oh
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365 Korea
| | - Young-Rok Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104 Korea
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