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Duke K, Syeunda C, Brantsen JF, Nindawat S, Awika JM. Polyphenol recovery from sorghum bran waste by microwave assisted extraction: Structural transformations as affected by grain phenolic profile. Food Chem 2024; 444:138645. [PMID: 38325084 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Sorghum milling waste stream (bran), contains diverse phenolic compounds with bioactive properties. The study determined the potential of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) to recover the bran phenolic compounds. Red, white, and lemon-yellow pericarp sorghum brans were subjected to MAE and phenolic yield and structural transformation vs conventional extraction (control) assessed by UPLC-MS/MS, Folin-Ciocalteu and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity methods. Phenols yield increased from 3.7-20.3 to 12.6-75.5 mg/g, while antioxidants capacity increased average 3.3X in MAE extracts vs controls. Hydroxycinnamic acids increased most dramatically (3.0-32X) in MAE extracts (0.08-2.64 to 2.57-8.01 mg/g), largely driven by release of cell-wall derived feruloyl- and coumaroyl-arabinose. MAE hydrolyzed flavonoid glycosides into aglycones, and depolymerized condensed flavonoid heteropolymers into flavanones, flavanols and (deoxy)anthocyanidins. Thus, MAE dramatically enhances yield of valuable phenolics from sorghum bran waste, but also alters the phenolic profile in ways that may influence their chemical and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Duke
- Texas A&M University, Department of Food Science & Technology, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Cyprian Syeunda
- Texas A&M University, Department of Food Science & Technology, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Julia F Brantsen
- Texas A&M University, Department of Food Science & Technology, College Station, TX 77843, USA; General Mills, Minneapolis, MN 55440, USA(1).
| | - Shruti Nindawat
- Texas A&M University, Department of Food Science & Technology, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Joseph M Awika
- Texas A&M University, Department of Food Science & Technology, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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2
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Roselli V, Pugliese G, Leuci R, Brunetti L, Gambacorta L, Tufarelli V, Piemontese L. Green Methods to Recover Bioactive Compounds from Food Industry Waste: A Sustainable Practice from the Perspective of the Circular Economy. Molecules 2024; 29:2682. [PMID: 38893556 PMCID: PMC11173532 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The worrying and constant increase in the quantities of food and beverage industry by-products and wastes is one of the main factors contributing to global environmental pollution. Since this is a direct consequence of continuous population growth, it is imperative to reduce waste production and keep it under control. Re-purposing agro-industrial wastes, giving them new life and new directions of use, is a good first step in this direction, and, in global food production, vegetables and fruits account for a significant percentage. In this paper, brewery waste, cocoa bean shells, banana and citrus peels and pineapple wastes are examined. These are sources of bioactive molecules such as polyphenols, whose regular intake in the human diet is related to the prevention of various diseases linked to oxidative stress. In order to recover such bioactive compounds using more sustainable methods than conventional extraction, innovative solutions have been evaluated in the past decades. Of particular interest is the use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and compressed solvents, associated with green techniques such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and pulsed-electric-field-assisted extraction (PEF). These novel techniques are gaining importance because, in most cases, they allow for optimizing the extraction yield, quality, costs and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Roselli
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Campus E. Quagliariello, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pugliese
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Rosalba Leuci
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Campus E. Quagliariello, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Campus E. Quagliariello, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Gambacorta
- Institute of Science of Food Production (ISPA), Research National Council (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Luca Piemontese
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Campus E. Quagliariello, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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3
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Hejna A, Barczewski M, Kosmela P, Aniśko J, Szulc J, Skórczewska K, Piasecki A, Kuang T. More than just a beer - Brewers' spent grain, spent hops, and spent yeast as potential functional fillers for polymer composites. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 180:23-35. [PMID: 38503031 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Beer is among the most popular beverages in the world, with the production distributed uniformly between the biggest continents, so the utilization of brewing by-products is essential on a global scale. Among their potential recipients, the plastics industry offers extensive range of potential products. Herein, the presented study investigated the application of currently underutilized solid brewing by-products (brewers' spent grain, spent hops, spent yeast) as fillers for highly-filled poly(ε-caprolactone)-based composites, providing the first direct connection between spent hops or spent yeast and the polymer composites. Comprehensive by-product characterization revealed differences in chemical composition. The elemental C:O ratio, protein content, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity varied from 1.40 to 1.89, 12.9 to 32.4 wt%, and 2.41 to 10.24 mg/g, respectively, which was mirrored in the composites' structure and performance. Morphological analysis pointed to the composition-driven hydrophilicity gap limiting interfacial adhesion for high shares of brewers' spent grain and spent hops, due to high hydrophilicity induced by carbohydrate content. Phytochemicals and other components of applied by-products stimulated composites' oxidative resistance, shifting oxidation onset temperature from 261 °C for matrix over 360 °C for high spent yeast shares. Simultaneously, spent yeast also provided compatibilizing effects for poly(ε-caprolactone)-based composites, reducing complex viscosity compared to other fillers and indicating its highest affinity to poly(ε-caprolactone)due to the lowest hydrophilicity gap. The presented results indicate that the proper selection of brewing by-products and adjustment of their shares creates an exciting possibility of engineering composites' structure and performance, which can be transferred to other polymers differing with hydrophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Hejna
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznań, Poland; Department of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Barczewski
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paulina Kosmela
- Department of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Aniśko
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Szulc
- Department of Food Industry Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skórczewska
- Department of Polymer Technology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adam Piasecki
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 24, 61-138 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tairong Kuang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Plastic Modification and Processing Technology, College of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Bleus D, Blockx H, Gesquiere E, Adriaensens P, Samyn P, Marchal W, Vandamme D. High-Temperature Hydrothermal Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Brewer's Spent Grain and Malt Dust Biomass Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents. Molecules 2024; 29:1983. [PMID: 38731474 PMCID: PMC11085089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aligned with the EU Sustainable Development Goals 2030 (EU SDG2030), extensive research is dedicated to enhancing the sustainable use of biomass waste for the extraction of pharmaceutical and nutritional compounds, such as (poly-)phenolic compounds (PC). This study proposes an innovative one-step hydrothermal extraction (HTE) at a high temperature (120 °C), utilizing environmentally friendly acidic natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) to replace conventional harmful pre-treatment chemicals and organic solvents. Brewer's spent grain (BSG) and novel malt dust (MD) biomass sources, both obtained from beer production, were characterized and studied for their potential as PC sources. HTE, paired with mild acidic malic acid/choline chloride (MA) NADES, was compared against conventional (heated and stirred maceration) and modern (microwave-assisted extraction; MAE) state-of-the-art extraction methods. The quantification of key PC in BSG and MD using liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicated that the combination of elevated temperatures and acidic NADES could provide significant improvements in PC extraction yields ranging from 251% (MD-MAC-MA: 29.3 µg/g; MD-HTE-MA: 103 µg/g) to 381% (BSG-MAC-MA: 78 µg/g; BSG-HTE-MA: 375 µg/g). The superior extraction capacity of MA NADES over non-acidic NADES (glycerol/choline chloride) and a traditional organic solvent mixture (acetone/H2O) could be attributed to in situ acid-catalysed pre-treatment facilitating the release of bound PC from lignin-hemicellulose structures. Qualitative 13C-NMR and pyro-GC-MS analysis was used to verify lignin-hemicellulose breakdown during extraction and the impact of high-temperature MA NADES extraction on the lignin-hemicellulose structure. This in situ acid NADES-catalysed high-temperature pre-treatment during PC extraction offers a potential green pre-treatment for use in cascade valorisation strategies (e.g., lignin valorisation), enabling more intensive usage of available biomass waste stream resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Bleus
- Analytical and Circular Chemistry (ACC), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Heike Blockx
- Analytical and Circular Chemistry (ACC), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Emma Gesquiere
- Analytical and Circular Chemistry (ACC), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Peter Adriaensens
- Analytical and Circular Chemistry (ACC), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Pieter Samyn
- Department of Circular Economy and Renewable Materials, Sirris, Gaston Geenslaan 8, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Marchal
- Analytical and Circular Chemistry (ACC), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dries Vandamme
- Analytical and Circular Chemistry (ACC), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Errico M, Coelho JAP, Stateva RP, Christensen KV, Bahij R, Tronci S. Brewer's Spent Grain, Coffee Grounds, Burdock, and Willow-Four Examples of Biowaste and Biomass Valorization through Advanced Green Extraction Technologies. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061295. [PMID: 36981221 PMCID: PMC10048697 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the transformation of biowastes from food industry and agriculture into high-value products through four examples. The objective is to provide insight into the principles of green transition and a circular economy. The first two case studies focus on the waste generated from the production of widely consumed food items, such as beer and coffee, while the other two examine the potential of underutilized plants, such as burdock and willow, as sources of valuable compounds. Phenolic compounds are the main target in the case of brewer's spent grain, with p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid being the most common. Lipids are a possible target in the case of spent coffee grounds with palmitic (C16:0) and linoleic (C18:2) acid being the major fatty acids among those recovered. In the case of burdock, different targets are reported based on which part of the plant is used. Extracts rich in linoleic and oleic acids are expected from the seeds, while the roots extracts are rich in sugars, phenolic acids such as chlorogenic, caffeic, o-coumaric, syringic, cinnamic, gentisitic, etc. acids, and, interestingly, the high-value compound epicatechin gallate. Willow is well known for being rich in salicin, but picein, (+)-catechin, triandrin, glucose, and fructose are also obtained from the extracts. The study thoroughly analyzes different extraction methods, with a particular emphasis on cutting-edge green technologies. The goal is to promote the sustainable utilization of biowaste and support the green transition to a more environmentally conscious economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Errico
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jose A P Coelho
- Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Roumiana P Stateva
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Knud V Christensen
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Rime Bahij
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Stefania Tronci
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
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6
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Fărcaș AC, Socaci SA, Nemeș SA, Salanță LC, Chiș MS, Pop CR, Borșa A, Diaconeasa Z, Vodnar DC. Cereal Waste Valorization through Conventional and Current Extraction Techniques-An Up-to-Date Overview. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162454. [PMID: 36010454 PMCID: PMC9407619 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, in the European Union more than 100 million tons of food are wasted, meanwhile, millions of people are starving. Food waste represents a serious and ever-growing issue which has gained researchers’ attention due to its economic, environmental, social, and ethical implications. The Sustainable Development Goal has as its main objective the reduction of food waste through several approaches such as the re-use of agro-industrial by-products and their exploitation through complete valorization of their bioactive compounds. The extraction of the bioactive compounds through conventional methods has been used for a long time, whilst the increasing demand and evolution for using more sustainable extraction techniques has led to the development of new, ecologically friendly, and high-efficiency technologies. Enzymatic and ultrasound-assisted extractions, microwave-assisted extraction, membrane fractionation, and pressure-based extraction techniques (supercritical fluid extraction, subcritical water extraction, and steam explosion) are the main debated green technologies in the present paper. This review aims to provide a critical and comprehensive overview of the well-known conventional extraction methods and the advanced novel treatments and extraction techniques applied to release the bioactive compounds from cereal waste and by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Corina Fărcaș
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5 Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.F.); (M.S.C.); Tel.: +40-264-596384 (A.C.F.); +40-(21)-318-2564 (M.S.C.)
| | - Sonia Ancuța Socaci
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5 Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Silvia Amalia Nemeș
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5 Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liana Claudia Salanță
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5 Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Simona Chiș
- Laboratory for Testing Quality and Food Safety, Calea Florești Street, No. 64, 400516 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.F.); (M.S.C.); Tel.: +40-264-596384 (A.C.F.); +40-(21)-318-2564 (M.S.C.)
| | - Carmen Rodica Pop
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5 Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Borșa
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zorița Diaconeasa
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5 Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5 Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Bichot A, Raouche S, Faulds CB, Mechin V, Bernet N, Delgenès JP, García-Bernet D. Effects of successive microwave and enzymatic treatments on the release of p-hydroxycinnamic acids from two types of grass biomass. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Processing of Distillery Stillage to Recover Phenolic Compounds with Ultrasound-Assisted and Microwave-Assisted Extractions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052709. [PMID: 35270409 PMCID: PMC8910419 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) conditions (extraction time, acetone concentration, solid-to-solvent ratio) on the efficiency of polyphenol recovery from distillery stillage and antioxidant activity of the extracts. The highest total polyphenol content, flavonoid content, and phenolic acid content were obtained with 10-min UAE and 5-min MAE at a solid-to-acetone ratio of 1:15 (w:v). Recovery yield was the highest with an aqueous solution of 60% acetone, confirming the results of Hansen Solubility Parameter analysis. Although UAE resulted in approximately 1.2 times higher extraction yield, MAE showed a better balance between extraction yield and energy consumption exhibited by its 3-fold higher extraction rate than that of UAE. Content of total polyphenols and phenolic acids strongly correlated with antioxidant activity, indicating that these compounds provide a substantial contribution to the bioactive properties of the extracts. Six phenolic acids were extracted, predominately ferulic and p-coumaric acids, and free forms of these acids constituted 91% of their total content, which opens various possibilities for their application in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.
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9
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Sharma P, Goudar G, Longvah T, Gour VS, Kothari S, Wani IA. Fate of Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity of Barley during Processing. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1725036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paras Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - T. Longvah
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vinod. S. Gour
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - S.L. Kothari
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Idrees A. Wani
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India
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10
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Pazo-Cepeda M, Aspromonte S, Alonso E. Extraction of ferulic acid and feruloylated arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides from wheat bran using pressurized hot water. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Codina-Torrella I, Rodero L, Almajano MP. Brewing By-Products as a Source of Natural Antioxidants for Food Preservation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101512. [PMID: 34679646 PMCID: PMC8532719 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) and brewer’s spent hops (BSH) are the major solid by-products of the brewing industry. The present work evaluated their potential as an alternative source of natural antioxidants. The efficacy of different solvents (MilliQ water, 0.75% NaOH, 50% MeOH, 50% MeOH + 0.3% HCl and 50% Acetone) for extracting polyphenols of these by-products was firstly evaluated, with NaOH showing the best results. The extraction conditions were optimized using the response surface methodology, and were determined to be 1.45% NaOH and 80 °C. BSG extracts showed the highest total polyphenol content (24.84–38.83 µmol GAE/g), whereas the BSH showed the lowest value (24.84 ± 1.55 µmol GAE/g). In general, BSG extracts presented significantly higher antioxidant capacity (ABTS, ORAC). Ferulic acid was the main polyphenol in all BSG extracts (156.55–290.88 mg/100 g), whereas in BSH, this compound was not detected. The addition of 10% BSG extract in o/w emulsions (stored 14 days) showed a reduction in the formation of primary oxidation products of 97%. In the emulsions covered with polylactic acid active films (1% BSG), this reduction corresponded to 35%. Hence, this study demonstrates the potential of these by-products as natural antioxidant sources for protecting food systems against oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Codina-Torrella
- Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology Department, EEABB, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Esteve Terradas, 8, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain;
| | - Lourdes Rodero
- Statistics and Operations Research Department, ETSEIB, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Avinguda Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - María Pilar Almajano
- Chemical Engineering Department, ETSEIB, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Avinguda Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-016-686
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12
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Bonifácio-Lopes T, Vilas Boas AA, Coscueta ER, Costa EM, Silva S, Campos D, Teixeira JA, Pintado M. Bioactive extracts from brewer's spent grain. Food Funct 2021; 11:8963-8977. [PMID: 33001088 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01426e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, antioxidant-rich extracts from brewer's spent grain (BSG) extracted by solid-to-liquid extraction using different solvents water and ethanol and their mixtures at two ratios (80% ethanol : water (v/v) and 60% ethanol : water (v/v)) were characterized. Nutritional composition was evaluated for the extracts and for the solid residues obtained after extraction. Additionally, the extracts were analyzed for the total phenolic content and individual phenolic compounds and related biological properties including antioxidant capacity (ABTS; ORAC and DNA protection), antihypertensive capacity, antibacterial activity and antibiofilm capacity. Safety was also demonstrated through genotoxicity and cytotoxicity tests. The results obtained showed that while all the extracts exhibited high antioxidant capacity (except ethanolic extract), the highest values were obtained for the 60% ethanol : water extract. The identification of phenolic compounds using HPLC showed that catechin and vanillin were the main compounds identified with the highest concentration being obtained for 60% ethanol : water extraction. In the biological activity assays, water and hydroethanolic extracts were multifunctional (antioxidant and antihypertensive capacity, antibacterial and antibiofilm activity), and the 80% ethanol : water presented better results in some assays. All were non-genotoxic, but the cytotoxicity was dependent on the extract concentration, with complete safe application for all up to 1 mg mL-1. Therefore, this study shows the potential of a viable green solvent based and low cost extraction recovery method of bioactive compounds from brewer's spent grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Bonifácio-Lopes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal. and CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana A Vilas Boas
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ezequiel R Coscueta
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo M Costa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sara Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Débora Campos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José A Teixeira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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Macias-Garbett R, Serna-Hernández SO, Sosa-Hernández JE, Parra-Saldívar R. Phenolic Compounds From Brewer's Spent Grains: Toward Green Recovery Methods and Applications in the Cosmetic Industry. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.681684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brewers' spent grain (BSG) is the main by-product derived from the brewing industry, where it accounts for 85% of the total waste generated. The total annual production worldwide of this waste is 39 million tons. This lignocellulosic material is traditionally used as cattle feed and sold at a low retail price (~USD 45.00 per ton). However, efforts for the revalorization of this by-product are emerging since research has established that it can be used as a low-cost source of bioactive molecules and commodity chemicals that can bring value to integral biorefinery ventures. Among commodities, phenolic compounds have attracted attention as added-value products due to their antioxidant properties with applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. These phytochemicals have been associated with antiaging and anticancer activities that have potential applications on cosmetic products. This mini-review summarizes the most relevant extraction techniques used for the recovery of phenolic compounds from BSG while discussing their advantages and shortcomings and the potential applications from BSG bioactive extracts in the cosmetic industry and their reported beneficial effects. This mini-review also makes a brief comment on the role of phenolic compounds extraction in the economic feasibility of an integral BSG biorefinery.
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14
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Shih YT, Zhao Y. Development, characterization and validation of starch based biocomposite films reinforced by cellulose nanofiber as edible muffin liner. Food Packag Shelf Life 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Birsan RI, Wilde P, Waldron KW, Rai DK. Anticholinesterase Activities of Different Solvent Extracts of Brewer's Spent Grain. Foods 2021; 10:foods10050930. [PMID: 33922726 PMCID: PMC8145039 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholinesterases, involved in acetylcholine catabolism in the central and peripheral nervous system, have been strongly linked with neurodegenerative diseases. Current therapeutic approaches using synthetic drugs present several side effects. Hence, there is an increasing research interest in naturally-occurring dietary polyphenols, which are also considered efficacious. Food processing by-products such as brewer’s spent grain (BSG) would be a potential bio-source of polyphenols. In this study, polyphenol-rich BSG extracts using 60% acetone and 0.75% NaOH solutions were generated, which were further subjected to liquid–liquid partitioning using various organic solvents. The water-partitioned fractions of the saponified extracts had the highest total polyphenol content (6.2 ± 2.8 mgGAE/g dw) as determined by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, while the LC-MS/MS showed ethyl acetate fraction with the highest phenolics (2.9 ± 0.3 mg/g BSG dw). The best inhibitions of acetyl- (37.9 ± 2.9%) and butyryl- (53.6 ± 7.7%) cholinesterases were shown by the diethyl ether fraction of the saponified extract. This fraction contained the highest sum of quantified phenolics (99 ± 21.2 µg/mg of extract), and with significant (p < 0.01) inhibitory contribution of decarboxylated-diferulic acid. Amongst the standards, caffeic acid presented the highest inhibition for both cholinesterases, 25.5 ± 0.2% for acetyl- and 52.3 ± 0.8% for butyryl-cholinesterase, respectively, whilst the blends insignificantly inhibited both cholinesterases. The results showed that polyphenol-rich BSG fractions have potentials as natural anti-cholinesterase agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rares I. Birsan
- Department of Food BioSciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
- Food Innovation and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney NR4 7UQ, UK;
| | - Peter Wilde
- Food Innovation and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney NR4 7UQ, UK;
| | - Keith W. Waldron
- Anglia Science Writing Ltd., Wramplingham, Norfolk NR18 0RU, UK;
| | - Dilip K. Rai
- Department of Food BioSciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-018-059-500
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16
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Rahman MJ, Malunga LN, Eskin M, Eck P, Thandapilly SJ, Thiyam-Hollander U. Valorization of Heat-Treated Brewers' Spent Grain Through the Identification of Bioactive Phenolics by UPLC-PDA and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activities. Front Nutr 2021; 8:634519. [PMID: 33928110 PMCID: PMC8076555 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.634519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal processing not only disrupts cell membranes and cell walls, but also cleaves covalent bonds releasing low molecular phenolic. This study examined the impact of various heat treatments (100, 140, and 160°C) on the composition of phenolic acids and antioxidant activities in extracts obtained from defatted brewers spent grain (BSG) meal. Heating BSG at 160°C resulted in a 2-fold increase in total phenolic content [TPC, 172.98 ± 7.3 mg Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g defatted meal] and total flavonoid content [TFC, 16.15 ± 2.22 catechin equivalents (CE)/100 g defatted meal] compared to the untreated BSG extracts. The antioxidant activities of treated BSG extracts, determined by radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were significantly (p < 0.5) higher than the corresponding untreated BSG extracts. Eleven phenolic acids were identified and quantified in BSG extracts by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array (UPLC-PDA). The amounts varied significantly (p < 0.05) depending on the degree of toasting BSG was subjected to. Chlorogenic acid, an ester of caffeic and quinic acid was the predominant phenolic acid present in all fractions. Significant (p < 0.05) increases in TPC, TFC, individual phenolic acids and antioxidant activity were observed in BSG extracts exposed to increasing oven temperatures. These results confirm the ability of heat processing to release bioactive phenolic from their bound forms thereby enhancing the phenolic acids and the digestibility of BSG meal in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jiaur Rahman
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lovemore Nkhata Malunga
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michael Eskin
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Peter Eck
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sijo Joseph Thandapilly
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Usha Thiyam-Hollander
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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17
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18
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Pulsed electric field (PEF) as pre-treatment to improve the phenolic compounds recovery from brewers' spent grains. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Ideia P, Sousa-Ferreira I, Castilho PC. A Novel and Simpler Alkaline Hydrolysis Methodology for Extraction of Ferulic Acid from Brewer's Spent Grain and its (Partial) Purification through Adsorption in a Synthetic Resin. Foods 2020; 9:E600. [PMID: 32397105 PMCID: PMC7278616 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims to develop simpler methodologies of extracting ferulic acid (FA) from brewer's spent grain (BSG). BSG is produced by brewing companies at high amounts all over the year and does not possess a direct application. Thus, its use as raw material for extraction of bioactive compounds has gained attention in the last years. FA has different interesting applications in cosmetics, food industry, and pharmaceutics. Several studies aim for its extraction from BSG by various methods, namely alkaline hydrolysis. In the present work, we suggest the use of autoclave to process higher amounts of BSG in a lab scale. A simplification of the regular post-hydrolysis procedures is also proposed to decrease the number of experimental steps and energy costs and to simultaneously increase the extraction yield (up to 470 mg of FA per 100 g of BSG). The adsorption of extracted FA in a synthetic resin is suggested as a partial purification method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ideia
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
| | - Ivo Sousa-Ferreira
- Centro de Estatística e Aplicações, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Paula C. Castilho
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
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20
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Panzella L, Moccia F, Nasti R, Marzorati S, Verotta L, Napolitano A. Bioactive Phenolic Compounds From Agri-Food Wastes: An Update on Green and Sustainable Extraction Methodologies. Front Nutr 2020; 7:60. [PMID: 32457916 PMCID: PMC7221145 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are broadly represented in plant kingdom, and their occurrence in easily accessible low-cost sources like wastes from agri-food processing have led in the last decade to an increase of interest in their recovery and further exploitation. Indeed, most of these compounds are endowed with beneficial properties to human health (e.g., in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases), that may be largely ascribed to their potent antioxidant and scavenging activity against reactive oxygen species generated in settings of oxidative stress and responsible for the onset of several inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Apart from their use as food supplements or as additives in functional foods, natural phenolic compounds have become increasingly attractive also from a technological point of view, due to their possible exploitation in materials science. Several extraction methodologies have been reported for the recovery of phenolic compounds from agri-food wastes mostly based on the use of organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, or acetone. However, there is an increasing need for green and sustainable approaches leading to phenolic-rich extracts with low environmental impact. This review addresses the most promising and innovative methodologies for the recovery of functional phenolic compounds from waste materials that have appeared in the recent literature. In particular, extraction procedures based on the use of green technologies (supercritical fluid, microwaves, ultrasounds) as well as of green solvents such as deep eutectic solvents (DES) are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Panzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Moccia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Nasti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Marzorati
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisella Verotta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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21
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Bichot A, Lerosty M, Geirnaert L, Méchin V, Carrère H, Bernet N, Delgenès JP, García-Bernet D. Soft Microwave Pretreatment to Extract P-Hydroxycinnamic Acids from Grass Stalks. Molecules 2019; 24:E3885. [PMID: 31661930 PMCID: PMC6864740 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to provide an analysis of microwave effects on ferulic and coumaric acids (FA and CA, respectively) extraction from grass biomass (corn stalks and miscanthus). Microwave pretreatment using various solvents was first compared to conventional heating on corn stalks. Then, microwave operational conditions were extended in terms of incident power and treatment duration. Optimal conditions were chosen to increase p-hydroxycinnamic acids release. Finally, these optimal conditions determined on corn stalks were tested on miscanthus stalks to underlie the substrate incidence on p-hydroxycinnamic acids release yields. The optimal conditions-a treatment duration of 405 s under 1000 W-allowed extracting 1.38% FA and 1.97% CA in corn stalks and 0.58% FA and 3.89% CA in miscanthus stalks. The different bioaccessibility of these two molecules can explain the higher or lower yields between corn and miscanthus stalks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Bichot
- Univ Montpellier, INRA, 102 Avenue des Etangs, CEDEX, 11100 Narbonne, France.
| | - Mickaël Lerosty
- Univ Montpellier, INRA, 102 Avenue des Etangs, CEDEX, 11100 Narbonne, France.
| | - Laureline Geirnaert
- Univ Montpellier, INRA, 102 Avenue des Etangs, CEDEX, 11100 Narbonne, France.
| | - Valérie Méchin
- INRA Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, CEDEX, 78026 Versailles, France.
| | - Hélène Carrère
- Univ Montpellier, INRA, 102 Avenue des Etangs, CEDEX, 11100 Narbonne, France.
| | - Nicolas Bernet
- Univ Montpellier, INRA, 102 Avenue des Etangs, CEDEX, 11100 Narbonne, France.
| | | | - Diana García-Bernet
- Univ Montpellier, INRA, 102 Avenue des Etangs, CEDEX, 11100 Narbonne, France.
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22
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Nielsen E, Temporiti MEE, Cella R. Improvement of phytochemical production by plant cells and organ culture and by genetic engineering. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:1199-1215. [PMID: 31055622 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02415-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants display an amazing ability to synthesize a vast array of secondary metabolites that are an inexhaustible source of phytochemicals, bioactive molecules some of which impact the human health. Phytochemicals present in medicinal herbs and spices have long been used as natural remedies against illness. Plant tissue culture represents an alternative to whole plants as a source of phytochemicals. This approach spares agricultural land that can be used for producing food and other raw materials, thus favoring standardized phytochemical production regardless of climatic adversities and political events. Over the past 20 years, different strategies have been developed to increase the synthesis and the extraction of phytochemicals from tissue culture often obtaining remarkable results. Moreover, the availability of genomics and metabolomics tools, along with improved recombinant methods related to the ability to overexpress, silence or disrupt one or more genes of the pathway of interest promise to open new exciting possibilities of metabolic engineering. This review provides a general framework of the cellular and molecular tools developed so far to enhance the yield of phytochemicals. Additionally, some emerging topics such as the culture of cambial meristemoid cells, the selection of plant cell following the expression of genes encoding human target proteins, and the bioextraction of phytochemicals from plant material have been addressed. Altogether, the herein described techniques and results are expected to improve metabolic engineering tools aiming at improving the production of phytochemicals of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Rino Cella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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23
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Birsan RI, Wilde P, Waldron KW, Rai DK. Recovery of Polyphenols from Brewer's Spent Grains. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090380. [PMID: 31500308 PMCID: PMC6769810 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The recovery of antioxidant polyphenols from light, dark and mix brewer’s spent grain (BSG) using conventional maceration, microwave and ultrasound assisted extraction was investigated. Total polyphenols were measured in the crude (60% acetone), liquor extracts (saponified with 0.75% NaOH) and in their acidified ethyl acetate (EtOAc) partitioned fractions both by spectrophotometry involving Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. Irrespective of the extraction methods used, saponification of BSG yielded higher polyphenols than in the crude extracts. The EtOAc fractionations yielded the highest total phenolic content (TPC) ranging from 3.01 ± 0.19 to 4.71 ± 0.28 mg gallic acid equivalent per g of BSG dry weight. The corresponding total polyphenols quantified by LC-MS/MS ranged from 549.9 ± 41.5 to 2741.1 ± 5.2 µg/g of BSG dry weight. Microwave and ultrasound with the parameters and equipment used did not improve the total polyphenol yield when compared to the conventional maceration method. Furthermore, the spectrophotometric quantification of the liquors overestimated the TPC, while the LC-MS/MS quantification gave a closer representation of the total polyphenols in all the extracts. The total polyphenols were in the following order in the EtOAc fractions: BSG light > BSG Mix > BSG dark, and thus suggested BSG light as a sustainable, low cost source of natural antioxidants that may be tapped for applications in food and phytopharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rares I Birsan
- Department of Food BioSciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15KN3K Dublin, Ireland.
- Food Innovation and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - Peter Wilde
- Food Innovation and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - Keith W Waldron
- Anglia Science Writing Ltd., Wramplingham NR18 0RU, Norfolk, UK.
| | - Dilip K Rai
- Department of Food BioSciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15KN3K Dublin, Ireland.
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24
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Roth M, Jekle M, Becker T. Opportunities for upcycling cereal byproducts with special focus on Distiller's grains. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Kumari B, Tiwari BK, Walsh D, Griffin TP, Islam N, Lyng JG, Brunton NP, Rai DK. Impact of pulsed electric field pre-treatment on nutritional and polyphenolic contents and bioactivities of light and dark brewer's spent grains. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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26
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Lang H, Yang R, Dou X, Wang D, Zhang L, Li J, Li P. Simultaneous determination of 19 phenolic compounds in oilseeds using magnetic solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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27
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Purification of Polyphenols from Distiller's Grains by Macroporous Resin and Analysis of the Polyphenolic Components. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071284. [PMID: 30986967 PMCID: PMC6479346 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to purify polyphenols from distiller’s grain extract using macroporous resins and to identify its polyphenolic components. The influence of operational parameters on purification efficiency was investigated. The polyphenolic composition was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and then quantified by UPLC-MS using authenticated standards. The results showed that the optimal purifying conditions were D101 resin with a dosage of 3 g, four hours adsorption, three hours desorption time, and 60% ethanol as the eluent, producing the highest purification rate of 51%. The purified distiller’s grain extract exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than the unpurified extracts, which was assessed using DPPH and ABTS methods (IC50 DPPH = 34.03 and 16.21 μg/mL, respectively; IC50 ABTS = 20.31 and 5.73 μg/mL, respectively). UPLC-MS results indicated that (−)-epicatechin is the major compound found in distiller’s grain extract which was quantified as 562.7 μg/g extract, followed by ferulic acid (518.2 μg/g), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (417.7 μg/g), caffeic acid (217.1 μg/g), syringic acid (158.0 μg/g) and quercetin (147.8 μg/g). Two compounds, vanillic acid (66.5 μg/g) and gallic acid (41.4 μg/g), were found in lower concentrations. The findings of this study suggest that purification of polyphenolic compounds from distiller’s grain by macroporous resins is feasible, providing a new and effective method for the secondary use of distiller’s grain resources.
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Pérez-Flores JG, Contreras-López E, Castañeda-Ovando A, Pérez-Moreno F, Aguilar-Arteaga K, Álvarez-Romero GA, Téllez-Jurado A. Physicochemical characterization of an arabinoxylan-rich fraction from brewers' spent grain and its application as a release matrix for caffeine. Food Res Int 2019; 116:1020-1030. [PMID: 30716884 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The brewers' spent grain is a by-product generated during brewery process and is a potential source for arabinoxylans (AX) extraction. In the present work, the extraction and characterization of an arabinoxylan-rich fraction from brewers' spent grain (BSG-AX) were performed, and BSG-AX was evaluated as release matrix for caffeine. The BSG-AX showed an AX content of 72% (w/w), a ferulic acid content of 3.52 μg/mg BSG-AX, an Ara/Xyl ratio of 0.89, an intrinsic viscosity of 41.18 mL g-1, and a molecular weight of 43.80 kDa. The studied BSG-AX showed a good antioxidant capacity compared with other polysaccharide gums and was estimated by DPPH (114.41 μM Trolox equivalent/g BSG-AX) and FRAP (49.01 μmol Fe2+/g BSG-AX) assays. The partial specific volume (0.63 cm3 g-1), loss on drying (10.68%), swelling (10.87%), solubility (80.93%) and electrostatic interactions (by zeta potential, -3.44 to -9.17 mV) were determined and used to evaluate the application of the BSG-AX as release matrix. A film containing the BSG-AX, glycerol (as plasticizer) and caffeine (target drug) was prepared as release matrix. Glycerol promoted an increase in the extensibility and the surface smoothness of the BSG-AX-caffeine film. The drug was released (≈98%) in about 7 h. These results are promising to concern the design and use of BSG-AX based biofilms for the controlled release of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Guadalupe Pérez-Flores
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Contreras-López
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Araceli Castañeda-Ovando
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - Fidel Pérez-Moreno
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Karina Aguilar-Arteaga
- Universidad Politécnica de Francisco I. Madero, Carr. Tepatepec-San Juan Tepa km. 2, Francisco I. Madero 42660, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Giaan A Álvarez-Romero
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Téllez-Jurado
- Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carr. Pachuca-Cd. Sahagún km 20, Rancho Luna, Ex-Hacienda de Sta. Bárbara, Municipio de Zempoala, Hidalgo, Mexico
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Residual brewing yeast as a source of polyphenols: Extraction, identification and quantification by chromatographic and chemometric tools. Food Chem 2018; 267:246-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Socaci SA, Fărcaş AC, Diaconeasa ZM, Vodnar DC, Rusu B, Tofană M. Influence of the extraction solvent on phenolic content, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antimutagenic activities of brewers’ spent grain. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Valente IM, Moreira MM, Neves P, da Fé T, Gonçalves LM, Almeida PJ, Rodrigues JA. An Insight on Salting-out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction for Phytoanalysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2017; 28:297-304. [PMID: 28124812 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) is a technique that, although simple and not requiring any complex equipment, is very powerful and versatile. It has obtained growing interest in bioanalysis particularly when combined with chromatographic techniques. OBJECTIVES Herein, fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) were used as a case-study to show the application of SALLE in phytochemical analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS SALLE combined with HPLC-UV-MS/MS and GC-MS. RESULTS By HPLC-UV-MS/MS analysis of the organic extract it was possible to identify various phenolic compounds, including quercetin derivatives, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid. The main compounds identified by GC-MS were estragole, fenchone, anisaldehyde, anethole, benzaldehyde, camphor and apiole. CONCLUSION HPLC and GC analysis of the extracts showed that it is possible to isolate, in only one step, a wide range of compounds with distinct properties, allowing a detailed phytochemical analysis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M Valente
- REQUIMTE/LAQV - Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela M Moreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV - Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV - Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pâmela Neves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV - Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago da Fé
- REQUIMTE/LAQV - Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Campus Araguaia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Luís M Gonçalves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV - Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Almeida
- REQUIMTE/LAQV - Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José A Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV - Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Vadivel V, Moncalvo A, Dordoni R, Spigno G. Effects of an acid/alkaline treatment on the release of antioxidants and cellulose from different agro-food wastes. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 64:305-314. [PMID: 28318962 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the release of both antioxidants and cellulosic fibre from different agro-food wastes. Cost-effective and easily available agro-food residues (brewers' spent grains, hazelnut shells, orange peels and wheat straw) were selected and submitted to a double-step acid/alkaline fractionation process. The obtained acid and alkaline liquors were analysed for total phenols content and antioxidant capacity. The final fibre residue was analysed for the cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose content. The total phenols content and antioxidant capacity of the acid liquors were higher than the alkaline hydrolysates. Orange peels and wheat straw gave, respectively, the highest (19.70±0.68mg/gdm) and the lowest (4.70±0.29mg/gdm) total phenols release. Correlation between antioxidant capacity of the liquors and their origin depended on the analytical assay used to evaluate it. All the acid liquors were also rich in sugar degradation products (mainly furfural). HPLC analysis revealed that the most abundant phenolic compound in the acid liquors was vanillin for brewers' spent grains, hazelnut shells and wheat straw, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid for orange peels. Wheat straw served as the best raw material for cellulose isolation, providing a final residue with a high cellulose content (84%) which corresponded to 45% of the original cellulose. The applied process removed more than 90% of the hemicellulose fraction in all the samples, while delignification degree ranged from 67% (in hazelnut shells), to 93% (in brewers' spent grains). It was not possible to select a unique raw material for the release of highest levels of both total phenols and cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vellingiri Vadivel
- Centre for Advanced Research in Indian System of Medicine (CARISM), SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alessandro Moncalvo
- Institute of Oenology and Agro-Food Engineering, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Roberta Dordoni
- Institute of Oenology and Agro-Food Engineering, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giorgia Spigno
- Institute of Oenology and Agro-Food Engineering, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
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Hejna A, Kosmela P, Kopczynska M, Haponiuk J, Piszczyk L. Microwave Assisted Liquefaction with Crude Glycerol as a Potential Method of Brewer’s Spent Grain Utilization. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht10.04.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Brewer’s spent grain was applied as a low-cost industrial type of lignocellulose biomass in a liquefaction process with crude glycerol. Influence of the reaction time and solvent:biomass ratio on the efficiency of the process, chemical structure and basic properties of obtained biopolyols was analyzed. Spectroscopic studies of the prepared polyols and solid residues shed light on the biomass degradation mechanism through application of microwaves and further reaction of degradation products with solvent particles.
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Talmaciu AI, Volf I, Popa VI. A Comparative Analysis of the ‘Green’ Techniques Applied for Polyphenols Extraction from Bioresources. Chem Biodivers 2015; 12:1635-51. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Vadivel V, Brindha P. Antioxidant property of solvent extract and acid/alkali hydrolysates from rice hulls. FOOD BIOSCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Determination of Phenolic Content in Different Barley Varieties and Corresponding Malts by Liquid Chromatography-diode Array Detection-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:563-76. [PMID: 26783844 PMCID: PMC4665430 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and reliable method for the simultaneous determination of nine phenolic compounds in barley and malted barley was established, using liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS). The phenolic compounds can be easily detected with both systems, despite significant differences in sensitivity. Concentrations approximately 180-fold lower could be achieved by mass spectrometry analysis compared to diode array detection, especially for the flavan-3-ols (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, which have poor absorptivity in the UV region. Malt samples were characterized by higher phenolic content comparing to corresponding barley varieties, revealing a significant increase of the levels of (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin during the malting process. Moreover, the industrial malting is responsible for modification on the phenolic profile from barley to malt, namely on the synthesis or release of sinapinic acid and epicatechin. Accordingly, the selection of the malting parameters, as well as the barley variety plays an important role when considering the quality and antioxidant stability of beer.
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Juin C, Chérouvrier JR, Thiéry V, Gagez AL, Bérard JB, Joguet N, Kaas R, Cadoret JP, Picot L. Microwave-assisted extraction of phycobiliproteins from Porphyridium purpureum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:1-15. [PMID: 25231233 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, microwave-assisted extraction was first employed to extract the phycobiliproteins of Porphyridium purpureum (Pp). Freeze-dried Pp cells were subjected to microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to extract phycoerythin (PE), phycocyanin (PC), and allophycocyanin (APC). MAE combined reproducibility and high extraction yields and allowed a 180- to 1,080-fold reduction of the extraction time compared to a conventional soaking process. The maximal PE extraction yield was obtained after 10-s MAE at 40 °C, and PE was thermally damaged at temperatures higher than 40 °C. In contrast, a flash irradiation for 10 s at 100 °C was the best process to efficiently extract PC and APC, as it combined a high temperature necessary to extract them from the thylakoid membrane to a short exposure to thermal denaturation. The extraction order of the three phycobiliproteins was coherent with the structure of Pp phycobilisomes. Moreover, the absorption and fluorescence properties of MAE extracted phycobiliproteins were stable for several months after the microwave treatment. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that MAE at 100 °C induced major changes in the Pp cell morphology, including fusion of the exopolysaccharidic cell walls and cytoplasmic membranes of adjacent cells. As a conclusion, MAE is a fast and high yield process efficient to extract and pre-purify phycobiliproteins, even from microalgae containing a thick exopolysaccharidic cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Juin
- UMRi CNRS 7266 LIENSs University of La Rochelle, 17042, La Rochelle, France
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Mussatto SI. Brewer's spent grain: a valuable feedstock for industrial applications. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:1264-75. [PMID: 24254316 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is the most abundant by-product generated from the beer-brewing process, representing approximately 85% of the total by-products obtained. This material is basically constituted by the barley grain husks obtained as solid residue after the wort production. Since BSG is rich in sugars and proteins, the main and quickest alternative for elimination of this industrial by-product has been as animal feed. However, BSG is a raw material of interest for application in different areas because of its low cost, large availability throughout the year and valuable chemical composition. In the last decade, many efforts have been directed towards the reuse of BSG, taking into account the incentive that has been given to recycle the wastes and by-products generated by industrial activities. Currently, many interesting and advantageous methods for application of BSG in foods, in energy production and in chemical and biotechnological processes have been reported. The present study presents and discusses the most recent perspectives for BSG application in such areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange I Mussatto
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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Das AK, Mandal V, Mandal SC. A brief understanding of process optimisation in microwave-assisted extraction of botanical materials: options and opportunities with chemometric tools. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2014; 25:1-12. [PMID: 24105963 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extraction forms the very basic step in research on natural products for drug discovery. A poorly optimised and planned extraction methodology can jeopardise the entire mission. OBJECTIVE To provide a vivid picture of different chemometric tools and planning for process optimisation and method development in extraction of botanical material, with emphasis on microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of botanical material. METHODS A review of studies involving the application of chemometric tools in combination with MAE of botanical materials was undertaken in order to discover what the significant extraction factors were. Optimising a response by fine-tuning those factors, experimental design or statistical design of experiment (DoE), which is a core area of study in chemometrics, was then used for statistical analysis and interpretations. RESULTS In this review a brief explanation of the different aspects and methodologies related to MAE of botanical materials that were subjected to experimental design, along with some general chemometric tools and the steps involved in the practice of MAE, are presented. A detailed study on various factors and responses involved in the optimisation is also presented. CONCLUSION This article will assist in obtaining a better insight into the chemometric strategies of process optimisation and method development, which will in turn improve the decision-making process in selecting influential extraction parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kumar Das
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
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Moreira MM, Morais S, Carvalho DO, Barros AA, Delerue-Matos C, Guido LF. Brewer's spent grain from different types of malt: Evaluation of the antioxidant activity and identification of the major phenolic compounds. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ethanol influenced fast microwave-assisted extraction for natural antioxidants obtaining from spent filter coffee. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Solvent and solvent to sample ratio as main parameters in the microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenolic compounds from apple pomace. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Influence of extraction solvents on the recovery of antioxidant phenolic compounds from brewer’s spent grains. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Joana Gil-Chávez G, Villa JA, Fernando Ayala-Zavala J, Basilio Heredia J, Sepulveda D, Yahia EM, González-Aguilar GA. Technologies for Extraction and Production of Bioactive Compounds to be Used as Nutraceuticals and Food Ingredients: An Overview. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Joana Gil-Chávez
- Centro de Investigaci'on en Alimentaci'on y Desarrollo; A.C., Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6; AP1735; Hermosillo 83000; Sonora; M'exico
| | - José A. Villa
- Centro de Investigaci'on en Alimentaci'on y Desarrollo; A.C., Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6; AP1735; Hermosillo 83000; Sonora; M'exico
| | - J. Fernando Ayala-Zavala
- Centro de Investigaci'on en Alimentaci'on y Desarrollo; A.C., Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6; AP1735; Hermosillo 83000; Sonora; M'exico
| | - J. Basilio Heredia
- Centro de Investigaci'on en Alimentaci'on y Desarrollo; A.C., AP 32-A; Culiac'an 80129; Sinaloa; M'exico
| | - David Sepulveda
- Centro de Investigaci'on en Alimentaci'on y Desarrollo; A.C., AP 781; Ciudad Cuauht'emoc 31570; Chihuahua; M'exico
| | - Elhadi M. Yahia
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; Univ. Aut'onoma de Quer'etaro; Quer'etaro 76230; Quer'etaro; M'exico
| | - Gustavo A. González-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaci'on en Alimentaci'on y Desarrollo; A.C., Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6; AP1735; Hermosillo 83000; Sonora; M'exico
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Mouterde LMM, Flourat AL, Cannet MMM, Ducrot PH, Allais F. Chemoenzymatic Total Synthesis of a Naturally Occurring (5-5′)/(8′-O-4″) Dehydrotrimer of Ferulic Acid. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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