1
|
Unger MS, Blank M, Enzlein T, Hopf C. Label-free cell assays to determine compound uptake or drug action using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:5533-5558. [PMID: 34759382 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based assays for compound screening and profiling are fundamentally important in life sciences, chemical biology and pharmaceutical research. Most cell assays measure the amount of a single reporter molecule or cellular endpoint, and require the use of fluorescence or other labeled materials. Consequently, there is high demand for label-free technologies that enable multiple biomolecules or endpoints to be measured simultaneously. Here, we describe how to develop, optimize and validate MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) cell assays that can be used to measure cellular uptake of transporter substrates, to monitor cellular drug target engagement or to discover cellular drug-response markers. In uptake assays, intracellular accumulation of a transporter substrate and its inhibition by test compounds is measured. In drug response assays, changes to multiple cellular metabolites or to abundant posttranslational protein modifications are monitored as reporters of drug activity. We detail a ten-part optimization protocol with every part taking 1-2 d that leads to a final 2 d optimized procedure, which includes cell treatment, transfer, MALDI MS-specific sample preparation, quantification using stable-isotope-labeled standards, MALDI-TOF MS data acquisition, data processing and analysis. Key considerations for validation and automation of MALDI-TOF MS cell assays are outlined. Overall, label-free MS cell-based assays offer speed, sensitivity, accuracy and versatility in drug research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Unger
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martina Blank
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany.,Structural Molecular Biology Laboratory (LABIME), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Thomas Enzlein
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Panitz V, Končarević S, Sadik A, Friedel D, Bausbacher T, Trump S, Farztdinov V, Schulz S, Sievers P, Schmidt S, Jürgenson I, Jung S, Kuhn K, Pflüger I, Sharma S, Wick A, Pfänder P, Selzer S, Vollmuth P, Sahm F, von Deimling A, Heiland I, Hopf C, Schulz-Knappe P, Pike I, Platten M, Wick W, Opitz CA. Tryptophan metabolism is inversely regulated in the tumor and blood of patients with glioblastoma. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:9217-9233. [PMID: 34646367 PMCID: PMC8490504 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp)-catabolic enzymes (TCEs) produce metabolites that activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and promote tumor progression and immunosuppression in glioblastoma. As therapies targeting TCEs or AHR become available, a better understanding of Trp metabolism is required. Methods: The combination of LC-MS/MS with chemical isobaric labeling enabled the simultaneous quantitative comparison of Trp and its amino group-bearing metabolites in multiple samples. We applied this method to the sera of a cohort of 43 recurrent glioblastoma patients and 43 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Tumor volumes were measured in MRI data using an artificial neural network-based approach. MALDI MSI visualized Trp and its direct metabolite N-formylkynurenine (FK) in glioblastoma tissue. Analysis of scRNA-seq data was used to detect the presence of Trp metabolism and AHR activity in different cell types in glioblastoma. Results: Compared to healthy controls, glioblastoma patients showed decreased serum Trp levels. Surprisingly, the levels of Trp metabolites were also reduced. The decrease became smaller with more enzymatic steps between Trp and its metabolites, suggesting that Trp availability controls the levels of its systemic metabolites. High tumor volume associated with low systemic metabolite levels and low systemic kynurenine levels associated with worse overall survival. MALDI MSI demonstrated heterogeneity of Trp catabolism across glioblastoma tissues. Analysis of scRNA-seq data revealed that genes involved in Trp metabolism were expressed in almost all the cell types in glioblastoma and that most cell types, in particular macrophages and T cells, exhibited AHR activation. Moreover, high AHR activity associated with reduced overall survival in the glioblastoma TCGA dataset. Conclusion: The novel techniques we developed could support the identification of patients that may benefit from therapies targeting TCEs or AHR activation.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kertesz V, Cahill JF. Spatially resolved absolute quantitation in thin tissue by mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2619-2636. [PMID: 33140126 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become the de facto tool for routine quantitative analysis of biomolecules. MS is increasingly being used to reveal the spatial distribution of proteins, metabolites, and pharmaceuticals in tissue and interest in this area has led to a number of novel spatially resolved MS technologies. Most spatially resolved MS measurements are qualitative in nature due to a myriad of potential biases, such as sample heterogeneity, sampling artifacts, and ionization effects. As applications of spatially resolved MS in the pharmacological and clinical fields increase, demand has become high for quantitative MS imaging and profiling data. As a result, several varied technologies now exist that provide differing levels of spatial and quantitative information. This review provides an overview of MS profiling and imaging technologies that have demonstrated quantitative analysis from tissue. Focus is given on the fundamental processes affecting quantitative analysis in an array of MS imaging and profiling technologies and methods to address these biases.Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Kertesz
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA.
| | - John F Cahill
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Applications of stable isotopes in MALDI imaging: current approaches and an eye on the future. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2637-2653. [PMID: 33532914 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) is now an established imaging modality with particular utility in the study of biological, biomedical and pathological processes. In the first instance, the use of stable isotopically labelled (SIL) compounds in MALDI-IMS has addressed technical barriers to increase the accuracy and versatility of this technique. This has undoubtedly enhanced our ability to interpret the two-dimensional ion intensity distributions produced from biological tissue sections. Furthermore, studies using delivery of SIL compounds to live tissues have begun to decipher cell, tissue and inter-tissue metabolism while maintaining spatial resolution. Here, we review both the technical and biological applications of SIL compounds in MALDI-IMS, before using the uptake and metabolism of glucose in bovine ocular lens tissue to illustrate the current limitations of SIL compound use in MALDI-IMS. Finally, we highlight recent instrumentation advances that may further enhance our ability to use SIL compounds in MALDI-IMS to understand biological and pathological processes. Graphical Abstract.
Collapse
|
5
|
Gachumi G, Purves RW, Hopf C, El-Aneed A. Fast Quantification Without Conventional Chromatography, The Growing Power of Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8628-8637. [PMID: 32510944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) in hyphenated techniques is widely accepted as the gold standard quantitative tool in life sciences. However, MS possesses intrinsic analytical capabilities that allow it to be a stand-alone quantitative technique, particularly with current technological advancements. MS has a great potential for simplifying quantitative analysis without the need for tedious chromatographic separation. Its selectivity relies on multistage MS analysis (MSn), including tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), as well as the ever-growing advancements of high-resolution MS instruments. This perspective describes various analytical platforms that utilize MS as a stand-alone quantitative technique, namely, flow injection analysis (FIA), matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), including MALDI-MS imaging and ion mobility, particularly high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS). When MS alone is not capable of providing reliable quantitative data, instead of conventional liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, the use of a guard column (i.e., fast chromatography) may be sufficient for quantification. Although the omission of chromatographic separation simplifies the analytical process, extra procedures may be needed during sample preparation and clean-up to address the issue of matrix effects. The discussion of this manuscript focuses on key parameters underlying the uniqueness of each technique for its application in quantitative analysis without the need for a chromatographic separation. In addition, the potential for each analytical strategy and its challenges are discussed as well as improvements needed to render them as mainstream quantitative analytical tools. Overcoming the hurdles for fully validating a quantitative method will allow MS alone to eventually become an indispensable quantitative tool for clinical and toxicological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Gachumi
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada, S7N 5E5
| | - Randy W Purves
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada, S7N 5E5.,Centre for Veterinary Drug Residues, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 116 Veterinary Rd, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada, S7N 2R3
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Strasse 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anas El-Aneed
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada, S7N 5E5
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Quantification and assessment of detection capability in imaging mass spectrometry using a revised mimetic tissue model. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:1099-1116. [PMID: 31251106 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2019-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: A revised method of preparing the mimetic tissue model for quantitative imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is evaluated. Concepts of assessing detection capability are adapted from other imaging or mass spectrometry (MS)-based technologies to improve upon the reliability of IMS quantification. Materials & methods: The mimetic tissue model is prepared by serially freezing spiked-tissue homogenates into a cylindrical mold to create a plug of tissue with a stepped concentration gradient of matrix-matched standards. Weighted least squares (WLS) linear regression is applied due to the heteroscedastisity (change in variance with intensity) of most MS data. Results & conclusions: Imaging poses several caveats for quantification which are unique compared with other MS-based methods. Aspects of the design, construction, application, and evaluation of the matrix-matched standard curve for the mimetic tissue model are discussed. In addition, the criticality of the ion distribution in the design of a purposeful liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) validation is reviewed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Precision pharmacology: Mass spectrometry imaging and pharmacokinetic drug resistance. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 141:153-162. [PMID: 31302407 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of systemic cancer treatment can be, at least in part, due to the drug not being delivered to the tumour at sufficiently high concentration and/or sufficiently homogeneous distribution; this is termed as "pharmacokinetic drug resistance". To understand whether a drug is being adequately delivered to the tumour, "precision pharmacology" techniques are needed. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a relatively new and complex technique that allows imaging of drug distribution within tissues. In this review we address the applicability of MSI to the study of cancer drug distribution from the bench to the bedside. We address: (i) the role of MSI in pre-clinical studies to characterize anti-cancer drug distribution within the body and the tumour, (ii) the application of MSI in pre-clinical studies to define optimal drug dose or schedule, combinations or new drug delivery systems, and finally (iii) the emerging role of MSI in clinical research.
Collapse
|
8
|
Schulz S, Becker M, Groseclose MR, Schadt S, Hopf C. Advanced MALDI mass spectrometry imaging in pharmaceutical research and drug development. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 55:51-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
9
|
Complementarity of molecular and elemental mass spectrometric imaging of Gadovist ™ in mouse tissues. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:629-637. [PMID: 30456604 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug biodistribution analyses can be considered a key issue in pharmaceutical discovery and development. Here, mass spectrometric imaging can be employed as a powerful tool to investigate distributions of drug compounds in biologically and medically relevant tissue sections. Both matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometric imaging as molecular method and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric imaging as elemental detection method were applied to determine drug distributions in tissue thin sections. Several mouse organs including the heart, kidney, liver, and brain were analyzed with regard to distribution of Gadovist™, a gadolinium-based contrast agent already approved for clinical investigation. This work demonstrated the successful detection and localization of Gadovist™ in several organs. Furthermore, the results gave evidence that gadolinium-based contrast agents in general can be well analyzed by mass spectrometric imaging methods. In conclusion, the combined application of molecular and elemental mass spectrometry could complement each other and thus confirm analytical results or provide additional information.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hinsenkamp I, Schulz S, Roscher M, Suhr AM, Meyer B, Munteanu B, Fuchser J, Schoenberg SO, Ebert MPA, Wängler B, Hopf C, Burgermeister E. Inhibition of Rho-Associated Kinase 1/2 Attenuates Tumor Growth in Murine Gastric Cancer. Neoplasia 2017; 18:500-11. [PMID: 27566106 PMCID: PMC5018096 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a malignant disease with high mortality. Patients are frequently diagnosed in advanced stages where survival prognosis is poor. Thus, there is high medical need to find novel drug targets and treatment strategies. Recently, the comprehensive molecular characterization of GC subtypes revealed mutations in the small GTPase RHOA as a hallmark of diffuse-type GC. RHOA activates RHO-associated protein kinases (ROCK1/2) which regulate cell contractility, migration and growth and thus may play a role in cancer. However, therapeutic benefit of RHO-pathway inhibition in GC has not been shown so far. The ROCK1/2 inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinoline sulfonyl)-homopiperazine (HA-1077, fasudil) is approved for cerebrovascular bleeding in patients. We therefore investigated whether fasudil (i.p., 10 mg/kg per day, 4 times per week, 4 weeks) inhibits tumor growth in a preclinical model of GC. Fasudil evoked cell death in human GC cells and reduced the tumor size in the stomach of CEA424-SV40 TAg transgenic mice. Small animal PET/CT confirmed preclinical efficacy. Mass spectrometry imaging identified a translatable biomarker for mouse GC and suggested rapid but incomplete in situ distribution of the drug to gastric tumor tissue. RHOA expression was increased in the neoplastic murine stomach compared with normal non-malignant gastric tissue, and fasudil reduced (auto) phosphorylation of ROCK2 at THR249 in vivo and in human GC cells in vitro. In sum, our data suggest that RHO-pathway inhibition may constitute a novel strategy for treatment of GC and that enhanced distribution of future ROCK inhibitors into tumor tissue may further improve efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Hinsenkamp
- Dept. of Internal Medicine II, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sandra Schulz
- Center for Applied Research in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS) and Institute of Medical Technology of Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mareike Roscher
- Dept. of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne-Maria Suhr
- Dept. of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Björn Meyer
- Center for Applied Research in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS) and Institute of Medical Technology of Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bogdan Munteanu
- Center for Applied Research in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS) and Institute of Medical Technology of Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Stefan O Schoenberg
- Dept. of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias P A Ebert
- Dept. of Internal Medicine II, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Björn Wängler
- Dept. of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for Applied Research in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS) and Institute of Medical Technology of Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elke Burgermeister
- Dept. of Internal Medicine II, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Prentice BM, Chumbley CW, Caprioli RM. Absolute Quantification of Rifampicin by MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry Using Multiple TOF/TOF Events in a Single Laser Shot. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:136-144. [PMID: 27655354 PMCID: PMC5177505 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) allows for the visualization of molecular distributions within tissue sections. While providing excellent molecular specificity and spatial information, absolute quantification by MALDI IMS remains challenging. Especially in the low molecular weight region of the spectrum, analysis is complicated by matrix interferences and ionization suppression. Though tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) can be used to ensure chemical specificity and improve sensitivity by eliminating chemical noise, typical MALDI MS/MS modalities only scan for a single MS/MS event per laser shot. Herein, we describe TOF/TOF instrumentation that enables multiple fragmentation events to be performed in a single laser shot, allowing the intensity of the analyte to be referenced to the intensity of the internal standard in each laser shot while maintaining the benefits of MS/MS. This approach is illustrated by the quantitative analyses of rifampicin (RIF), an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis, in pooled human plasma using rifapentine (RPT) as an internal standard. The results show greater than 4-fold improvements in relative standard deviation as well as improved coefficients of determination (R2) and accuracy (>93% quality controls, <9% relative errors). This technology is used as an imaging modality to measure absolute RIF concentrations in liver tissue from an animal dosed in vivo. Each microspot in the quantitative image measures the local RIF concentration in the tissue section, providing absolute pixel-to-pixel quantification from different tissue microenvironments. The average concentration determined by IMS is in agreement with the concentration determined by HPLC-MS/MS, showing a percent difference of 10.6%. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boone M Prentice
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, 9160 MRB III, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Chad W Chumbley
- Department of Chemistry, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, 9160 MRB III, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rzagalinski I, Volmer DA. Quantification of low molecular weight compounds by MALDI imaging mass spectrometry - A tutorial review. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1865:726-739. [PMID: 28012871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) permits label-free in situ analysis of chemical compounds directly from the surface of two-dimensional biological tissue slices. It links qualitative molecular information of compounds to their spatial coordinates and distribution within the investigated tissue. MALDI-MSI can also provide the quantitative amounts of target compounds in the tissue, if proper calibration techniques are performed. Obviously, as the target molecules are embedded within the biological tissue environment and analysis must be performed at their precise locations, there is no possibility for extensive sample clean-up routines or chromatographic separations as usually performed with homogenized biological materials; ion suppression phenomena therefore become a critical side effect of MALDI-MSI. Absolute quantification by MALDI-MSI should provide an accurate value of the concentration/amount of the compound of interest in relatively small, well-defined region of interest of the examined tissue, ideally in a single pixel. This goal is extremely challenging and will not only depend on the technical possibilities and limitations of the MSI instrument hardware, but equally on the chosen calibration/standardization strategy. These strategies are the main focus of this article and are discussed and contrasted in detail in this tutorial review. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: MALDI Imaging, edited by Dr. Corinna Henkel and Prof. Peter Hoffmann.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacy Rzagalinski
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Heterogeneity of paclitaxel distribution in different tumor models assessed by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39284. [PMID: 28000726 PMCID: PMC5175283 DOI: 10.1038/srep39284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The penetration of anticancer drugs in solid tumors is important to ensure the therapeutic effect, so methods are needed to understand drug distribution in different parts of the tumor. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has great potential in this field to visualize drug distribution in organs and tumor tissues with good spatial resolution and superior specificity. We present an accurate and reproducible imaging method to investigate the variation of drug distribution in different parts of solid tumors. The method was applied to study the distribution of paclitaxel in three ovarian cancer models with different histopathological characteristics and in colon cancer (HCT116), breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM487). The heterogeneous drug penetration in the tumors is evident from the MALDI imaging results and from the images analysis. The differences between the various models do not always relate to significant changes in drug content in tumor homogenate examined by classical HPLC analysis. The specificity of the method clarifies the heterogeneity of the drug distribution that is analyzed from a quantitative point of view too, highlighting how marked are the variations of paclitaxel amounts in different part of solid tumors.
Collapse
|
14
|
Barré FPY, Flinders B, Garcia JP, Jansen I, Huizing LRS, Porta T, Creemers LB, Heeren RMA, Cillero-Pastor B. Derivatization Strategies for the Detection of Triamcinolone Acetonide in Cartilage by Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Anal Chem 2016; 88:12051-12059. [PMID: 28193015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by degeneration of the cartilaginous tissue in articular joints, severely impairs mobility in many people worldwide. The degeneration is thought to be mediated by inflammatory processes occurring in the tissue of the joint, including the cartilage. Intra-articular administered triamcinolone acetonide (TAA) is one of the drug treatments employed to ameliorate the inflammation and pain that characterizes OA. However, the penetration and distribution of TAA into the avascular cartilage is not well understood. We employed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), which has been previously used to directly monitor the distribution of drugs in biological tissues, to evaluate the distribution of TAA in human cartilage after in vitro incubation. Unfortunately, TAA is not easily ionized by regular electrospray ionization (ESI) or MALDI. To overcome this problem, we developed an on-tissue derivatization method with Girard's reagent T (GirT) in human incubated cartilage being able to study its distribution and quantify the drug abundance (up to 3.3 ng/μL). Our results demonstrate the depth of penetration of a corticosteroid drug in human OA cartilage using MALDI-MSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian P Y Barré
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bryn Flinders
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - João P Garcia
- University Medical Centre (UMC) Utrecht , Orthopedics Department, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Imke Jansen
- University Medical Centre (UMC) Utrecht , Orthopedics Department, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart R S Huizing
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tiffany Porta
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura B Creemers
- University Medical Centre (UMC) Utrecht , Orthopedics Department, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Berta Cillero-Pastor
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Structure-performance relationships of phenyl cinnamic acid derivatives as MALDI-MS matrices for sulfatide detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:1569-1580. [PMID: 27909779 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A key aspect for the further development of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)-mass spectrometry (MS) is a better understanding of the working principles of MALDI matrices. To address this issue, a chemical compound library of 59 structurally related cinnamic acid derivatives was synthesized. Potential MALDI matrices were evaluated with sulfatides, a class of anionic lipids which are abundant in complex brain lipid mixtures. For each matrix relative mean S/N ratios of sulfatides were determined against 9-aminoacridine as a reference matrix using negative ion mass spectrometry with 355 and 337 nm laser systems. The comparison of matrix features with their corresponding relative mean S/N ratios for sulfatide detection identified correlations between matrix substitution patterns, their chemical functionality, and their MALDI-MS performance. Crystal structures of six selected matrices provided structural insight in hydrogen bond interactions in the solid state. Principal component analysis allowed the additional identification of correlation trends between structural and physical matrix properties like number of exchangeable protons at the head group, MW, logP, UV-Vis, and sulfatide detection sensitivity. Graphical abstract Design, synthesis and mass spectrometric evaluation of MALDI-MS matrix compound libraries allows the identification of matrix structure - MALDI-MS performance relationships using multivariate statistics as a tool.
Collapse
|
16
|
Park KM, Moon JH, Lee SH, Kim MS. Quantitative transfer of polar analytes on a solid surface to a liquid matrix in MALDI profiling. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:1152-1156. [PMID: 27628951 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In profiling of a specimen by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) using a solid matrix, the solvent of the matrix solution extracts an analyte(s). A quantitative profiling cannot be achieved if the solvent evaporates before the complete extraction of the analyte. The extraction can become more quantitative when a liquid matrix dissolved in a solvent is used, which remains a liquid even after the evaporation of the solvent. To check this, radii of an analyte circle (rA ), a matrix solution drop (rD ) and a liquid matrix (rM ) remaining after the solvent evaporation were controlled. Three types of samples were prepared, case A (rA , rD < rM ), case B (rD ≤ rM < rA ) and case C (rM < rD < rA ). In case A, the analyte amount in the matrix layer determined by MALDI was the same as the prepared amount inside the analyte circle. In case B, the analyte amount was the same as the amount inside the matrix circle. Only the analytes in contact with the liquid matrix layer, not more and not less, are transferred to the matrix layer. In case C, the analyte amount was greater than the amount inside the matrix circle, presumably because some of the analyte outside the matrix circle was dissolved by the solvent of the matrix solution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Man Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Moon
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea
| | - Myung Soo Kim
- Seoul National University Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Seoul, 151-747, Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Drug analysis represents a large field in different disciplines. Plasma is commonly considered to be the biosample of choice for that purpose. However, concentrations often do not represent the levels present within deeper compartments and therefore cannot sufficiently explain efficacy or toxicology of drugs. MALDI-MS in drug analysis is of great interest for high-throughput quantification and particularly spatially resolved tissue imaging. The current perspective article will deal with challenges and opportunities of MALDI-MS drug analysis in different biological samples. A particular focus will be on hair samples. Recent applications were included, reviewed for their instrumental setup and sample preparation and pros and cons as well as future perspectives are critically discussed.
Collapse
|
18
|
Recent developments in the chromatographic bioanalysis of approved kinase inhibitor drugs in oncology. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 130:244-263. [PMID: 27460293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years (2010-present) there has been an increase in the number of publications reporting the development, validation and use of bioanalytical methods in the rapidly expanding drug class of small molecule protein kinase inhibitors. Most reports describe the technological set-up of the methods that have allowed for drug concentration measurements from various sample types. This includes plasma, dried blood-spot, and tissue-analysis. Also method development, exploration of various techniques, as well as measurement and identification of metabolites were addressed. For the bioanalysis, a variety of sample-pretreatment methods like protein-precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, and solid-phase extraction have been employed, all varying in complexity, cleanliness and time-consumption. Chromatographic separation, nowadays, is more focused on separating components from ion-suppressive effects, since for MS/MS detection, various components do not have to be baseline separated. For detection multiple types of detectors were used, ranging from state-of-the-art high resolution, and tandem mass spectrometry with low picogram per milliliter detection limits to the classical UV-detector with several nanograms per milliliter limits. As new bioanalytical methods have arisen that do rely on chromatographic separation, for example for high-throughput analysis, these are addressed in this review as well.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ghaste M, Mistrik R, Shulaev V. Applications of Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) and Orbitrap Based High Resolution Mass Spectrometry in Metabolomics and Lipidomics. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060816. [PMID: 27231903 PMCID: PMC4926350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics, along with other "omics" approaches, is rapidly becoming one of the major approaches aimed at understanding the organization and dynamics of metabolic networks. Mass spectrometry is often a technique of choice for metabolomics studies due to its high sensitivity, reproducibility and wide dynamic range. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is a widely practiced technique in analytical and bioanalytical sciences. It offers exceptionally high resolution and the highest degree of structural confirmation. Many metabolomics studies have been conducted using HRMS over the past decade. In this review, we will explore the latest developments in Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) and Orbitrap based metabolomics technology, its advantages and drawbacks for using in metabolomics and lipidomics studies, and development of novel approaches for processing HRMS data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Ghaste
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
| | | | - Vladimir Shulaev
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jung JW, Lee MS, Choi HJ, Jung S, Lee YJ, Hwang GS, Kwon TH. Mass spectrometric imaging of metabolites in kidney tissues from rats treated with furosemide. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F1317-27. [PMID: 26962105 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00524.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the kidney, metabolic processes are different among the cortex (COR), outer medulla (OM), and inner medulla (IM). Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), we examined the change of metabolites in the COR, OM, and IM of the rat kidney after furosemide treatment compared with vehicle-treated controls. Osmotic minipumps were implanted in male Sprague-Dawley rats to deliver 12 mg·day(-1)·rat(-1) of furosemide. Vehicle-treated (n = 14) and furosemide-treated (furosemide rats, n = 15) rats in metabolic cages received a fixed amount of rat chow (15 g·220 g body wt(-1)·day(-1) for each rat) with free access to water intake for 6 days. At day 6, higher urine output (32 ± 4 vs. 9 ± 1 ml/day) and lower urine osmolality (546 ± 44 vs. 1,677 ± 104 mosmol/kgH2O) were observed in furosemide rats. Extracts of COR, OM, and IM were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry, where multivariate analysis revealed significant differences between the two groups. Several metabolites, including acetylcarnitine, betaine, carnitine, choline, and glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC), were significantly changed. The changes of metabolites were further identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF and IMS. Their spatial distribution and relative quantitation in the kidneys were analyzed by IMS. Carnitine compounds were increased in COR and IM, whereas carnitine and acetylcarnitine were decreased in OM. Choline compounds were increased in COR and OM but decreased in IM from furosemide rats. Betaine and GPC were decreased in OM and IM. Taken together, MALDI-TOF/TOF and IMS successfully provide the spatial distribution and relative quantitation of metabolites in the kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Suk Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Korea; and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Korea; and
| | - Sunhee Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Jung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Korea; and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Korea; and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Park KM, Moon JH, Kim JH, Song UT, Lee SH, Kim MS. Discovery of a solvent effect preventing quantitative profiling by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and its treatment. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:386-392. [PMID: 26754131 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In analyte profiling by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), drawing a quantitative profile map is an outstanding problem. Recently, we developed a method to quantify an analyte by MALDI, which is needed to solve the problem. Another requirement for quantitative profiling is the quantitative sample-to-matrix analyte transfer, which is investigated in this work. METHODS MALDI-time-of-flight (TOF) spectra were acquired for samples produced by two methods. In one, a sample solution containing a matrix and an analyte was loaded with a pipet and dried. In the other, a sample was prepared by a consecutive process, i.e., loading-drying of an analyte solution followed by that of a matrix solution. Two different micro-spotters were used in the second method. Various mixtures of organic solvents with water were used to prepare matrix solutions. RESULTS The organic solvent, matrix, and analyte used in the study did not affect the analyte transfer efficiency, whereas it improved as the water content in the solvent increased. It also improved as the liquid droplet emitted by a micro-spotter got larger. Use of a more polar solvent or a larger droplet increases the contact time between a solution droplet and the sample surface, which seems to be responsible for the improvement in the transfer efficiency. CONCLUSIONS Sample-to-matrix analyte transfer occurred efficiently when polar solvents and/or large liquid droplets were used to produce solid samples for MALDI profiling with a micro-spotter. A long contact time between the sample surface and a matrix solution droplet is one of the requirements for quantitative profiling. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Man Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Moon
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Kim
- Analytical Instruments Division, Dong-il Shimadzu Corporation, Seoul, 135-010, Korea
| | - Un Tak Song
- Analytical Instruments Division, Dong-il Shimadzu Corporation, Seoul, 135-010, Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea
| | - Myung Soo Kim
- Seoul National University Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Seoul, 151-747, Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chumbley CW, Reyzer ML, Allen JL, Marriner GA, Via LE, Barry CE, Caprioli RM. Absolute Quantitative MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry: A Case of Rifampicin in Liver Tissues. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2392-8. [PMID: 26814665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) elucidates molecular distributions in thin tissue sections. Absolute pixel-to-pixel quantitation has remained a challenge, primarily lacking validation of the appropriate analytical methods. In the present work, isotopically labeled internal standards are applied to tissue sections to maximize quantitative reproducibility and yield accurate quantitative results. We have developed a tissue model for rifampicin (RIF), an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis, and have tested different methods of applying an isotopically labeled internal standard for MALDI IMS analysis. The application of the standard and subsequently the matrix onto tissue sections resulted in quantitation that was not statistically significantly different from results obtained using HPLC-MS/MS of tissue extracts. Quantitative IMS experiments were performed on liver tissue from an animal dosed in vivo. Each microspot in the quantitative images measures the local concentration of RIF in the thin tissue section. Lower concentrations were detected from the blood vessels and around the portal tracts. The quantitative values obtained from these measurements were comparable (>90% similarity) to HPLC-MS/MS results obtained from extracts of the same tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad W Chumbley
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Michelle L Reyzer
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| | - Jamie L Allen
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| | - Gwendolyn A Marriner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Laura E Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States.,Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States.,Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Medicine, Vanderbilt University , 465 21st Avenue South, Medical Research Building III, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
In situ drug and metabolite analysis [corrected] in biological and clinical research by MALDI MS imaging. Bioanalysis 2015; 6:1241-53. [PMID: 24946924 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years the analysis in mass spectrometry (MS) [corrected] imaging has been expanded to detect a wide variety of low molecular weight compounds (LMWC), including exogenous and endogenous compounds. The high sensitivity and selectivity of MS imaging combined with visualization of molecular spatial distribution in tissues, makes it a valuable [corrected] platform in targeted drug and untargeted metabolomic analysis [corrected] in biological and clinical research. Here, we review the current and potential applications of MALDI MS imaging in these areas. The aim of advancing MALDI MS imaging in the field of LMWC is to support clinical applications by understanding drug and drug-metabolite distribution, investigating toxicity and discovering [corrected] new biomarkers.
Collapse
|
24
|
Muller L, Kailas A, Jackson SN, Roux A, Barbacci DC, Schultz JA, Balaban CD, Woods AS. Lipid imaging within the normal rat kidney using silver nanoparticles by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Kidney Int 2015; 88:186-92. [PMID: 25671768 PMCID: PMC4527327 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The well-characterized cellular and structural components of the kidney show distinct regional compositions and distribution of lipids. In order to more fully analyze the renal lipidome we developed a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry approach for imaging that may be used to pinpoint sites of changes from normal in pathological conditions. This was accomplished by implanting sagittal cryostat rat kidney sections with a stable, quantifiable and reproducible uniform layer of silver using a magnetron sputtering source to form silver nanoparticles. Thirty-eight lipid species including seven ceramides, eight diacylglycerols, 22 triacylglycerols, and cholesterol were detected and imaged in positive ion mode. Thirty-six lipid species consisting of seven sphingomyelins, 10 phosphatidylethanolamines, one phosphatidylglycerol, seven phosphatidylinositols, and 11 sulfatides were imaged in negative ion mode for a total of seventy-four high-resolution lipidome maps of the normal kidney. Thus, our approach is a powerful tool not only for studying structural changes in animal models of disease, but also for diagnosing and tracking stages of disease in human kidney tissue biopsies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Muller
- 1] Structural Biology Unit, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA [2] Departments of Otolaryngology, Neurobiology, Communication Sciences & Disorders, and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ajay Kailas
- Structural Biology Unit, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Aurelie Roux
- Structural Biology Unit, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Damon C Barbacci
- 1] Structural Biology Unit, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA [2] Ionwerks, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Carey D Balaban
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Neurobiology, Communication Sciences & Disorders, and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amina S Woods
- Structural Biology Unit, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|