1
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Sun Y, Li Y, Hu J, Yang X, Zhang B, Wang X, Li H, Yu Y. Establishment of fluorescence multi-flow cytometric immunoassay for the simultaneous quantitative detection of six allergen-sIgE antibodies. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 132:737-744. [PMID: 38403159 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The in vitro specific IgE (sIgE) assays now commonly used in clinical laboratories are not only time-consuming and expensive but also require many serum samples. To address these limitations, a novel fluorescent microsphere-based multiplex flow cytometric immunoassay was developed. This innovative assay enables rapid and simultaneous quantitative detection of multiple allergen-sIgE antibodies. OBJECTIVE To establish a new method for the simultaneous quantitative detection of 6 allergen-sIgE antibodies based on fluorescence multiplex flow cytometry. METHODS Six different encoded fluorescent microspheres were selected to covalently couple 6 allergens, and their antigen-coupling activities were verified. After optimizing the multiplexing procedure and reaction conditions, including the concentration of microspheres encapsulated by allergens, reaction temperature, and reaction time, standard curves were established to quantify the 6 allergen-sIgE, and their performance was evaluated according to clinical guidelines. RESULTS The chosen analytical mode was optimized for the detection of the 6 allergens-sIgE for 70 minutes. The established coefficients of variation for multiplex flow cytometry reproducibility and intermediate precision were less than 10%. Linear regression analysis showed a highly significant quantitative correlation between the results of the multiple analyses of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Artemisia, and cat hair allergens and ImmunoCAP (Thermo Fisher Scientific): the r2 values ranged from 0.85 to 0.97 (P < .0001). In addition, there was a high correlation between the results of the multiplex analysis of dog hair allergens and the capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (r2 = 0.92, P < .0001). CONCLUSION A high-throughput system called multiplex flow cytometry has been developed for the simultaneous detection of 6 inhalant allergens. The method has the advantage of being rapid and using less serum. Furthermore, it has the potential to be expanded to include other allergens and biologic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmin Sun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixian Li
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Tianjin Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Tianjin University), Beichen District, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiqiang Li
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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2
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Eischeid A, Panda R, Cho C, Stadig S. Assessment of crustacean allergen detection methods: cross reactivity with edible insect samples. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2023; 40:1531-1540. [PMID: 37988158 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2283770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Increased interest in consumption of insects in recent years has led to an increased focus on associated food safety concerns, and allergy is one of the most relevant. In the United States, crustacean shellfish are regulated as a major allergenic food group per the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic (FD&C) Act. Insects and crustacean shellfish are both arthropods, and clinical cross-reactivity between the two groups has been demonstrated. The goal of this work was to establish whether that clinical cross-reactivity translates into analytical cross-reactivity with detection assays targeting crustacean shellfish allergens. Edible insect samples were analyzed using four different crustacean allergen detection methods: Multi-Analyte Profiling Food Allergen Detection Assay (xMAP FADA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results indicate that the immunoassay-based xMAP FADA, ELISA, and western blot were susceptible to cross-reactivity, while the DNA-based PCR methods had minimal reactivity with insect samples. These results confirm that edible insects show analytical cross-reactivity with the immunoassays which may result in false positive detection of crustacean allergens in insect samples. Confirmation using DNA-based PCR, which shows little to no cross-reactivity, clarifies ambiguous results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Eischeid
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, U.S Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Rakhi Panda
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, U.S Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Chung Cho
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, U.S Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Stadig
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, U.S Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
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3
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Simultaneous quantification of six major allergens in commercial foods for children using a multiplex array on a digital versatile disc. Food Chem 2023; 404:134570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Filep SC, Reid Black K, Smith BRE, Block DS, Kuklinska-Pijanka A, Bermingham M, Oliver MA, Thorpe CM, Schuhmacher ZP, Agah S, Wuenschmann S, Chapman MD. Simultaneous quantification of specific food allergen proteins using a fluorescent multiplex array. Food Chem 2022; 389:132986. [PMID: 35569245 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to develop a fluorescent multiplex array for simultaneously measuring regulated food allergens using specific allergen protein molecules from peanut, tree nut, cow's milk, egg, soy, fish, shellfish, sesame, mustard and celery. Microspheres coupled to specific monoclonal antibodies were used for allergen detection, with purified allergens as reference standards.Standard curves for 17 allergens covered a 5-log dynamic range. Intra- and inter-assay acceptance criteria were within 70-130% recovery and a CV of ≤15%. Food reference materials contained high levels of their respective major allergens (2000-175,000 µg/g), Similar high allergen levels were found in 10 selected foods analysed using a 9-plex array. Egg, milk, peanut, hazelnut and walnut allergens were detectable in chocolate bars with incurred allergens at 3, 10, 30, and 100 ppm. The multiplex array is an efficient tool for measuring specific food allergens, with applications for risk assessment and standardization of therapeutic products for food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Denise S Block
- InBio, Food Science Group, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sayeh Agah
- InBio, Food Science Group, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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5
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Zhu X, Zhao XH, Zhang Q, Zhang N, Soladoye OP, Aluko RE, Zhang Y, Fu Y. How does a celiac iceberg really float? The relationship between celiac disease and gluten. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9233-9261. [PMID: 35435771 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2064811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune intestinal disease caused by intolerance of genetically susceptible individuals after intake of gluten-containing grains (including wheat, barley, etc.) and their products. Currently, CD, with "iceberg" characteristics, affects a large population and is distributed over a wide range of individuals. This present review summarizes the latest research progress on the relationship between CD and gluten. Furthermore, the structure and function of gluten peptides related to CD, gluten detection methods, the effects of processing on gluten and gluten-free diets are emphatically reviewed. In addition, the current limitations in CD research are also discussed. The present work facilitates a comprehensive understanding of CD as well as gluten, which can provide a theoretical reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Food Science and Technology Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Olugbenga P Soladoye
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Government of Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Food Science and Technology Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Food Science and Technology Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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6
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Abstract
This review provides a global overview on Rosaceae allergy and details the particularities of each fruit allergy induced by ten Rosaceae species: almond/peach/cherry/apricot/plum (Amygdaleae), apple/pear (Maleae), and raspberry/blackberry/strawberry (Rosoideae). Data on clinical symptoms, prevalence, diagnosis, and immunotherapies for the treatment of Rosaceae allergy are herein stated. Allergen molecular characterization, cross-reactivity/co-sensitization phenomena, the impact of food processing and digestibility, and the methods currently available for the Rosaceae detection/quantification in foods are also described. Rosaceae allergy has a major impact in context to pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS) and lipid transfer protein (LTP) allergies, being greatly influenced by geography, environment, and presence of cofactors. Peach, apple, and almond allergies are probably the ones most affecting the quality of life of the allergic-patients, although allergies to other Rosaceae fruits cannot be overlooked. From patients' perspective, self-allergy management and an efficient avoidance of multiple fruits are often difficult to achieve, which might raise the risk for cross-reactivity and co-sensitization phenomena and increase the severity of the induced allergic responses with time. At this point, the absence of effective allergy diagnosis (lack of specific molecular markers) and studies advancing potential immunotherapies are some gaps that certainly will prompt the progress on novel strategies to manage Rosaceae food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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7
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Shin JH, Park TJ, Hyun MS, Park JP. A phage virus-based electrochemical biosensor for highly sensitive detection of ovomucoid. Food Chem 2022; 378:132061. [PMID: 35032803 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Whole peptide-displayed phage particles are promising alternatives to antibodies in sensor development; however, greater control and functionalization of these particles are required. In this study, we aimed to identify and create highly sensitive and selective phage-based electrochemical biosensors for detecting ovomucoid, a known food allergen. Phage display was performed using two different phage libraries (cyclic and linear form of peptides), which displayed affinity peptides capable of binding specifically to ovomucoid. Throughout the biopanning, two phage clones that displayed both peptides (CTDKASSSC and WWQPYSSAPRWL) were selected. After the characterization of their binding affinities, both whole phage particles were covalently attached to a gold electrode using crosslinking chemistry (MUA-EDC/NHS and Sulfo-LC/SPDP); the developed phage sensor was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The cyclic peptide-displayed phage sensor modified using EDC/NHS chemistry exhibited significantly better binding affinity (Kd = 2.36 ± 0.44 μg/mL) and limit of detection (LOD, 0.12 μg/mL) for ovomucoid than the linear phage sensor, resulting in good reproducibility and recovery, even in an actual egg and white wine samples. This approach may provide an alternative and more efficient way of sensing food allergens with desirable sensitivity, selectivity, and feasibility in food diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hwan Shin
- Basic Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Interdisciplinary Convergence Research, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Seop Hyun
- National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Daehangno, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Pil Park
- Basic Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Xiong W, Parker CH, Boo CC, Fiedler KL. Comparison of allergen quantification strategies for egg, milk, and peanut in food using targeted LC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5755-5766. [PMID: 34341840 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Methods for the detection and quantification of food allergens in complex matrices are necessary to ensure compliance with labeling regulations and assess the effectiveness of food allergen preventive controls. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has emerged as an orthogonal technique in complement to immunochemical-based assays. However, the absence of established guidelines for MS-based quantification of allergens in food has limited harmonization among the method development community. In this study, different quantification strategies were evaluated using a previously developed multiplexed LC-MS/MS method for the detection of egg, milk, and peanut. Peptide performance criteria (retention time, signal-to-noise ratio, and ion ratio tolerance) were established and quantification approaches using varying calibrants, internal standards, background matrices, and calibration curve preparation schemes were systematically evaluated to refine the previous method for routine laboratory use. A matrix-matched calibration curve using allergen ingredients as calibrants and stable isotope-labeled peptides as internal standards provided the most accurate quantitative results. The strategy was further verified with commercially available reference materials and allowed for the confident detection and quantification of food allergens. This work highlights the need for transparency in calibration strategy and peptide performance requirements for effective evaluation of mass spectrometric methods for the quantification of food allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Xiong
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, 20740-3835, USA.,Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Christine H Parker
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, 20740-3835, USA
| | - Chelsea C Boo
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, 20740-3835, USA.,Dynamic Omics, Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering (ADPE), R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Katherine L Fiedler
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, 20740-3835, USA.
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9
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Ivens KO, Cho CY, Garber EAE. Distinction of Signals Generated by Allergens from Cross-Reactivity in Botanicals Used in Dietary Supplements and Spices Using the xMAP Food Allergen Detection Assay. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6860-6869. [PMID: 34125514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The xMAP Food Allergen Detection Assay (xMAP FADA) is a powerful analytical method by virtue of its ability to simultaneously detect multiple antigenic elements with a repertoire of antibodies targeting 15 food allergens plus gluten. Further, by incorporating multiple levels of redundancy, it can also be used to distinguish between homologous cross-reactive analytes. The power of its analytical capabilities is especially critical when working with botanicals. In this research, 95 botanicals used in dietary supplements and spices were analyzed for cross-reactivity with common food allergens and gluten using the xMAP FADA. Complementary antibody ratios were calculated, and, with most samples, ratios generated by homologous cross-reactive epitopes were easily distinguished from true reactivity. In very few cases, sample ratios were comparable to the ratios generated by the calibration standards, indicating the probable detection of relatively minor quantities of target food allergen. With the xMAP FADA, distinguishing signal indicating target allergen detection from cross-reactivity in botanicals is possible using redundant antibodies and multiple confirmatory end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine O Ivens
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Chung Y Cho
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Eric A E Garber
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
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10
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Xu J, Ye Y, Ji J, Sun J, Sun X. Advances on the rapid and multiplex detection methods of food allergens. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6887-6907. [PMID: 33830835 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1907736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
With the gradually increasing prevalence of food allergy in recent years, food allergy has become a major public health problem worldwide. The clinical symptoms caused by food allergy seriously affect people's quality of life; there are unknown allergen components in novel food and hidden allergens caused by cross contamination in food processing, which pose a serious risk to allergy sufferers. Thus, rapid and multiplex detection methods are required to achieve on-site detection or examination of allergic components, so as to identify the risk of allergy in time. This paper reviews the progress of high-efficiency detection of food allergens, including enhanced traditional detection techniques and emerging detection techniques with the ability high-throughput detection or screening potential food allergen, such as xMAP, biosensors, biochips, etc. focusing on their sensitivity, applicability of each method in food, along with their pretreatment, advantages, limitation in the application of food analysis. This paper also introduces the challenges faced by these high-efficiency detection technologies, as well as the potential of customized allergen screening methods and rapid on-site detection technology as future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yongli Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jiadi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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11
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Lidzba N, García Arteaga V, Schiermeyer A, Havenith H, Muranyi I, Schillberg S, Lehmann J, Ueberham E. Development of Monoclonal Antibodies against Pea Globulins for Multiplex Assays Targeting Legume Proteins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2864-2874. [PMID: 33630578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Legume proteins are widely used as food ingredients, but only some (soybean, lupin, and peanut) must be declared under consumer safety regulations to protect allergy sufferers. It is not yet mandatory to declare pea proteins as allergens even though they are predicted to be allergenic based on cross-reactivity in sensitized people. The processing of legume proteins can modify their allergenic properties and hence the need for specific and precise methods for the detection of all major legume allergens. There are many commercially available tests for known food allergens but not for ingredients that are yet to be classified as allergenic. We therefore generated sets of pea-specific antibodies targeting globulins to be used in a multiplex assay for the simultaneous detection of soybean, lupin, peanut, and pea proteins. We focused on the 7S globulin family, which is the least conserved among the four legumes, allowing the specific detection of proteins from each species. Having confirmed the specificity and sensitivity of the multiplex assay, we evaluated different processing steps for proteins rich in pea globulins to demonstrate the impact of food processing on antibody binding. Our sensitive multiplex assay provides a fast and reliable method for the specific detection of soybean, lupin, peanut, and pea allergens and is therefore ideal for food safety and authenticity testing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Lidzba
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Perlickstraße 1, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Verónica García Arteaga
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Andreas Schiermeyer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Heide Havenith
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Isabel Muranyi
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Stefan Schillberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Jörg Lehmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Perlickstraße 1, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Elke Ueberham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Perlickstraße 1, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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12
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Tsai W, Yin H, Chen S, Chang H, Wen H. Development of monoclonal antibody‐based sandwich
ELISA
for detecting major mango allergen Man i1 in processed foods. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Che Tsai
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology National Chung Hsing University Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐Yi Yin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology National Chung Hsing University Taiwan
- Food and Livestock Product Safety Inspection Center National Chung Hsing University Taiwan
| | - Ssu‐Ning Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology National Chung Hsing University Taiwan
| | - Hung‐Chi Chang
- Department of Golden‐Ager Industry Management Chaoyang University of Technology Taiwan
| | - Hsiao‐Wei Wen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology National Chung Hsing University Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Food Safety National Chung Hsing University Taiwan
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13
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Monaci L, De Angelis E, Guagnano R, Ganci AP, Garaguso I, Fiocchi A, Pilolli R. Validation of a MS Based Proteomics Method for Milk and Egg Quantification in Cookies at the Lowest VITAL Levels: An Alternative to the Use of Precautionary Labeling. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101489. [PMID: 33086516 PMCID: PMC7603226 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of food allergy has increased over the last decades and consequently the food labeling policies have improved over the time in different countries to regulate allergen presence in foods. In particular, Reg 1169 in EU mandates the labelling of 14 allergens whenever intentionally added to foods, but the inadvertent contamination by allergens still remains an uncovered topic. In order to warn consumers on the risk of cross-contamination occurring in certain categories of foods, a precautionary allergen labelling system has been put in place by food industries on a voluntary basis. In order to reduce the overuse of precautionary allergen labelling (PAL), reference doses and action limits have been proposed by the Voluntary Incidental Trace Allergen Labelling VITAL project representing a guide in this jeopardizing scenario. Development of sensitive and reliable mass spectrometry methods are therefore of paramount importance in this regard to check the contamination levels in foods. In this paper we describe the development of a time-managed multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method based on a triple quadrupole platform for milk and egg quantification in processed food. The method was in house validated and allowed to achieve levels of proteins lower than 0.2 mg of total milk and egg proteins, respectively, in cookies, challenging the doses recommended by VITAL. The method was finally applied to cookies labeled as milk and egg-free. This method could represent, in perspective, a promising tool to be implemented along the food chain to detect even tiny amounts of allergens contaminating food commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Monaci
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR-ISPA, 70126 Bari, Italy; (E.D.A.); (R.G.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisabetta De Angelis
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR-ISPA, 70126 Bari, Italy; (E.D.A.); (R.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Rocco Guagnano
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR-ISPA, 70126 Bari, Italy; (E.D.A.); (R.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Aristide P. Ganci
- PerkinElmer Italia S.p.A., Viale dell’Innovazione 3, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Ignazio Garaguso
- PerkinElmer LAS Germany GmbH, Ferdinand-Porsche-Ring 17, 63110 Rodgau, Germany;
| | - Alessandro Fiocchi
- Allergy Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rosa Pilolli
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR-ISPA, 70126 Bari, Italy; (E.D.A.); (R.G.); (R.P.)
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14
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Phage Displayed Domain Antibodies (dAb) for Detection of Allergenic Pistachio Proteins in Foods. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091230. [PMID: 32899286 PMCID: PMC7554873 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera) have been consumed by past and present-day civilizations because of their organoleptic characteristics and potential health benefits. However, they can also produce moderate to severe IgE-mediated reactions in allergic individuals. In this work, we report the isolation of the first recombinant antibodies against pistachio nut, produced without animal immunization, to be used in immunoassays for detection of allergenic pistachio in food products. Several phage display biopanning strategies were evaluated to screen the human-based domain antibody library (dAb) in search for pistachio-specific probes. The clone producing the PVF4 phage-dAb was finally selected, and it does not cross-react with cashew despite the phylogenetic proximity with pistachio. Western blot and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF) analysis demonstrated that this clone recognised a unique band of ∼22 kDa related to the basic subunit of pistachio 11S globulin (allergen Pis v 2). The PVF4 phage-dAb allowed detection of pistachio in a food matrix with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3983 mg kg−1 in an indirect phage-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ELISA method developed was used to assess applicability of the PVF4 phage-dAb for analysis of 77 commercial food products.
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15
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Ruethers T, Taki AC, Khangurha J, Roberts J, Buddhadasa S, Clarke D, Hedges CE, Campbell DE, Kamath SD, Lopata AL, Koeberl M. Commercial fish ELISA kits have a limited capacity to detect different fish species and their products. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4353-4363. [PMID: 32356561 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish is a major food and allergen source, requiring safety declarations on packages. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are often used to ensure that the product meets the required standards with regard to the presence of allergens. Over 1000 different fish species are traded and consumed worldwide, and they are increasingly provided by aquaculture. Up to 3% of the general population is at risk of sometimes fatal allergic reactions to fish, requiring strict avoidance of this commodity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the capacity of three commercially available ELISA tests to detect a wide variety of bony and cartilaginous fish and their products, which is essential to ensure reliable and safe food labeling. RESULTS The detection rates for 57 bony fish ranged from 26% to 61%. Common European and North American species, including carp, cod, and salmon species, demonstrated a higher detection rate than those from the Asia-Pacific region, including pangasius and several mackerel and tuna species. Among the 17 canned bony fish products, only 65% to 86% were detected, with tuna showing the lowest rate. None of the cartilaginous fish (n = 9), other vertebrates (n = 8), or shellfish (n = 5) were detected. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that three commercial fish ELISA kits had a limited capacity to detect fish and their products. The complexity of fish as a protein source that is increasingly utilized means that there is an urgent need for improved detection methods. This is crucial for the food industry to provide safe seafood products and comply with international legislation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimo Ruethers
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Douglas, Australia
| | - Aya C Taki
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Douglas, Australia
| | | | - James Roberts
- National Measurement Institute, Port Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Dean Clarke
- National Measurement Institute, Port Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Dianne E Campbell
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Children's Hospital at Westmead, Allergy and Immunology, Westmead, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sandip D Kamath
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Douglas, Australia
| | - Andreas L Lopata
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Douglas, Australia
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16
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Torricelli M, Pierboni E, Rondini C, Altissimi S, Haouet N. Sesame, Pistachio, and Macadamia Nut: Development and Validation of New Allergenic Systems for Fast Real-Time PCR Application. Foods 2020; 9:E1085. [PMID: 32784504 PMCID: PMC7464690 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is a worldwide health problem that concerns infants to adults. The main health risk for sensitised individuals is due to the presence of traces of allergens as the result of an accidental contamination during food processing. The labelling of allergens such as sesame, pistachio, and macadamia nut on food products is mandatory according to Regulation (EU) N. 1169/2011; therefore, the development of suitable and specific analytical methodologies is advisable. The aim of this study was to perform a multi-allergen real-time PCR system that works well in fast mode at the same annealing temperature and with the same thermal profile. The real-time PCR was developed designing new, specific, and efficient primer and probe systems for the 2S albumingene for sesame and pistachio and for the vicilin precursorgene for macadamia nut. These systems were subjected to a robust intra-laboratory qualitative validation process prior to their application, by DNA extraction and fast real-time PCR, on some real market samples to reproduce a potential allergen contamination along the food chain. The developed system results were specific and robust, with a sensible limit of detection (0.005% for sesame; 0.004% for pistachio; 0.006% for macadamia nut). The performance and the reliability of the target systems were confirmed on commercial food samples. This molecular approach could be used as a screening or as a support tool, in association with the other widespread monitoring techniques (such as ELISA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Torricelli
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Umbria and Marche Regions “Togo Rosati” (IZSUM), Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (S.A.); (N.H.)
| | - Elisa Pierboni
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Umbria and Marche Regions “Togo Rosati” (IZSUM), Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (S.A.); (N.H.)
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17
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Garber EAE, Cho CY, Rallabhandi P, Nowatzke WL, Oliver KG, Venkateswaran KV, Venkateswaran N. Multi-laboratory validation of the xMAP-Food Allergen Detection Assay: A multiplex, antibody-based assay for the simultaneous detection of food allergens. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234899. [PMID: 32645020 PMCID: PMC7347184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of individuals with multiple food allergies and the need to distinguish between foods containing homologous, cross-reactive proteins have made the use of single-analyte antibody-based methods (e.g., ELISAs) sometimes insufficient. These issues have resulted in the need to conduct multiple analyses and sometimes employ orthogonal methods like mass spectrometry or DNA-based methods for confirmatory purposes. The xMAP Food Allergen Detection Assay (xMAP FADA) was developed to solve this problem while also providing increased throughput and a modular design suitable for adapting to changes in analytical needs. The use of built-in redundancy provides the xMAP FADA with built-in confirmatory analytical capability by including complementary antibody bead sets and secondary analytical end points (e.g., ratio analysis and multi-antibody profiling). A measure of a method's utility is its performance when employed by analysts of varying expertise in multiple laboratory environments. To gauge this aspect, a multi-laboratory validation (MLV) was conducted with 11 participants of different levels of proficiency. The MLV entailed the analysis of incurred food samples in four problematic food matrices, meat sausage, orange juice, baked muffins, and dark chocolate. Except for a couple of instances, involving two confirmatory components in the analysis of baked muffins, the allergenic foods were detected by all participants at concentrations in the analytical samples comparable to ≤ 10 μg/g in the original food sample. In addition, despite high levels of inter-lab variance in the absolute intensities of the responses, the intra-laboratory reproducibility was sufficient to support analyses based on the calibration standards and direct comparison controls (DCCs) analyzed alongside the samples. In contrast, ratio analyses displayed inter-laboratory %CV (RSDR) values < 20%; presumably because the ratios are based on inherent properties of the antigenic elements. The excellent performance of the xMAP FADA when performed by analysts of varying proficiency indicates a reliability sufficient to meet analytical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. E. Garber
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chung Y. Cho
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Prasad Rallabhandi
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Kerry G. Oliver
- Radix BioSolutions, Georgetown, Texas, United States of America
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18
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Rallabhandi P, Cho CY, Nowatzke WL, Oliver KG, Garber EAE. Robustness Testing of the xMAP Food Allergen Detection Assay: A Multiplex Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of Food Allergens. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1050-1056. [PMID: 32050018 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-19-531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The xMAP food allergen detection assay (xMAP FADA) can simultaneously detect 15 analytes (14 food allergens plus gluten) in one analysis. The xMAP FADA typically employs two antibody bead sets per analyte, providing built-in confirmation that is not available with other antibody-based assays. Before an analytical method can be used, its reliability must be assessed when conditions of the assay procedure are altered. This study was conducted to determine the effects on assay performance associated with changes in incubation temperature, amounts of the antibody bead cocktail, and concentrations of detection antibody and β-mercaptoethanol in the reduced-denatured extraction buffer. The analysis of buffered-detergent extracts revealed lower responses at 22°C than at 37°C, but temperature had no effect on the analysis of reduced-denatured extracts. Changes in β-mercaptoethanol and detection antibody concentrations had an effect on the detection of only milk in the reduced-denatured extracts. A slight change in the measured bead count was observed when one-fourth of the bead cocktail was used, and a large decrease in the bead count was noted when one-eighth of the recommended amount was used, but this number (≥25) was still sufficient to provide reliable results. Overall, the xMAP FADA was very robust to changes in the assay procedure, which may inadvertently occur. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Rallabhandi
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, Maryland 20740
| | - Chung Y Cho
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, Maryland 20740
| | | | | | - Eric A E Garber
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, Maryland 20740
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19
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Cho CY, Ivens KO, Nowatzke WL, Robotham J, Samadpour M, Grace T, Oliver KG, Garber EAE. Extension of xMAP Food Allergen Detection Assay To Include Sesame. J Food Prot 2020; 83:129-135. [PMID: 31855617 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 0.1 to 0.2% of the North American population is allergic to sesame, and deaths due to anaphylactic shock have been reported. Detecting and quantifying sesame in various food samples is critical to safeguard the allergic population by ensuring accurate ingredient labeling. Because of the modular nature of the xMAP Food Allergen Detection Assay (FADA), it was possible through method extension to add sesame as a validated additional analyte. Because raw and toasted sesame are both commonly used and the two display significantly different antigenicity, three antibodies, one monoclonal and two polyclonal, were conjugated to bead sets to ensure reliable detection. The modified xMAP FADA successfully detected sesame incurred or spiked in baked muffins, spice mix, canola oil, and in both raw and toasted sesame oils with limit of quantitation values ≤ 1.3 ppm of sesame. Canola oil, sesame oil, toasted sesame oil, and olive oil inhibited sesame detection, as did the detection of sesame incurred in foods containing oil (e.g., hummus). Despite this inhibition, the xMAP FADA was still able to reliably detect sesame at levels throughout the dynamic range of the assay (22 to 750 ng of protein per mL) in all the foods examined. Further, the high signal-to-noise ratio of the lowest calibration standard and preliminary studies conjugating the antibodies at higher concentrations indicate an ability to increase the sensitivity of the assay should the need arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Y Cho
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740
| | - Katherine O Ivens
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740
| | | | - Jason Robotham
- BioFront Technologies, 3000 Commonwealth Boulevard, Suite 2, Tallahassee, Florida 32303
| | - Mansour Samadpour
- IEH Laboratories and Consulting Group, Inc., 15300 Bothell Way N.E., Lake Forest Park, Washington 98155
| | - Thomas Grace
- Bia Diagnostics, LLC, 480 Hercules Drive, Colchester, Vermont 05446, USA
| | - Kerry G Oliver
- Radix BioSolutions, 111 Cooperative Way, Georgetown, Texas 78626
| | - Eric A E Garber
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740
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20
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Evaluation of N-terminal labeling mass spectrometry for characterization of partially hydrolyzed gluten proteins. J Proteomics 2020; 210:103538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Senyuva HZ, Jones IB, Sykes M, Baumgartner S. A critical review of the specifications and performance of antibody and DNA-based methods for detection and quantification of allergens in foods. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:507-547. [PMID: 30856064 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1579927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of a large number of antibody and DNA based methods for detection and quantification of allergens in food there remain significant difficulties in selecting the optimum technique to employ. Published methods from research groups mostly contain sufficient detail concerning target antigen, calibration procedures and method performance to allow replication by others. However, routine allergen testing by the food industry relies upon commercialised test kits and frequently the suppliers provide disappointingly little specification detail on the grounds that this is proprietary information. In this review we have made a critical assessment of the published literature describing the performance of both commercial and non-commercial test kits for food allergens over the period 2008-2018. Mass spectrometric methods, which have the potential to become reference methods for allergens, are not covered in this review. Available information on the specifications of commercial ELISA and LFD test kits are tabulated for milk, egg and peanut allergens, where possible linking to publications concerning collaborative studies and proficiency testing. For a number of commercial PCR test kits, specifications provided by manufacturers for detection of a small selection of allergen are tabulated. In conclusion we support the views of others of the critical need for allergen reference materials as the way forward to improve the comparability of different testing strategies in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivona Baricevic Jones
- b Institute of Inflammation and Repair , Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , Manchester , UK
| | - Mark Sykes
- c Fera Science Ltd , National Agri-Food Innovation Campus Sand Hutton , York , UK
| | - Sabine Baumgartner
- d Dept. IFA-Tulln, Center for Analytical Chemistry , BOKU Vienna , Tulln , Austria
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22
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Meeting the challenge of developing food crops with improved nutritional quality and food safety: leveraging proteomics and related omics techniques. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:471-481. [PMID: 30820711 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Eliminating malnutrition remains an imminent priority in our efforts to achieve food security and providing adequate calories, proteins, and micronutrients to the growing world population. Malnutrition may be attributed to socio-economic factors (poverty and limited accessibility to nutritional food), dietary preferences, inherent nutrient profiles of traditional food crops, and to a combination of all such factors. Modern advancements in "omics" technology have made it possible to reliably predict, diagnose, and suggest ways to remedy the low protein content and bioavailability of key micronutrients in food crops. In this review, we briefly describe how proteomics techniques can potentially be used for improving the nutrient profile of major crops, through high throughput multiplexed assays. Food safety is another important issue where proteomics and related platforms can offer solution for absolute quantitation of food allergens and mycotoxins present in the plant-based food. The purpose of the present review is to discuss the proteomic-based strategies in food crops to meet the challenges of overcoming malnutrition throughout the world.
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23
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Nowatzke WL, Oliver KG, Cho CY, Rallabhandi P, Garber EAE. Single-Laboratory Validation of the Multiplex xMAP Food Allergen Detection Assay with Incurred Food Samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:484-498. [PMID: 30484638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An xMAP Food Allergen Detection Assay (xMAP FADA) was developed to meet analytical needs when responding to complaints by individuals with multiple food allergies and to address potential ambiguities associated with cross-reactive proteins. A single-laboratory validation (SLV) was conducted to examine the reliability of the xMAP FADA to detect 15 analytes individually or as part of a mixture at more than six concentrations in four foods. The xMAP FADA reliably detected the analytes despite the incurred dark chocolate and incurred baked muffins displaying recoveries of 10-20% and <60%, respectively. The high reliability for recoveries less than 60% in part reflects the statistical strength of the design of the xMAP FADA. Only crustacean, egg, and milk incurred in dark chocolate were not reliably detected using the PBST-buffered-detergent protocol. Following the reduced-denatured protocol, no problems were encountered in the detection of milk, although egg did not display a dynamic response in dark chocolate. The ruggedness of the xMAP FADA was ascertained by the ability of novice analysts to detect food allergens in baked rice cookies. Despite one analyst losing >80% of the beads and the count for one bead set dropping to seven, the assay displayed only a decrease in precision (increased standard deviations) and a change in the ratios between complementary antibody pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerry G Oliver
- Radix BioSolutions , Georgetown , Texas 78626 , United States
| | - Chung Y Cho
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) , Food and Drug Administration , College Park , Maryland 20740 , United States
| | - Prasad Rallabhandi
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) , Food and Drug Administration , College Park , Maryland 20740 , United States
| | - Eric A E Garber
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) , Food and Drug Administration , College Park , Maryland 20740 , United States
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24
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Anfossi L, Di Nardo F, Russo A, Cavalera S, Giovannoli C, Spano G, Baumgartner S, Lauter K, Baggiani C. Silver and gold nanoparticles as multi-chromatic lateral flow assay probes for the detection of food allergens. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:1905-1913. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Korte R, Oberleitner D, Brockmeyer J. Determination of food allergens by LC-MS: Impacts of sample preparation, food matrix, and thermal processing on peptide detectability and quantification. J Proteomics 2018; 196:131-140. [PMID: 30408562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies are a growing worldwide concern and the contamination of products with food allergens represents a significant health risk to allergic consumers. With the introduction of reference doses, quantitative methods are needed for the monitoring of allergen levels, and the potential of LC-MS/MS is of hugely growing interest. In this study, we demonstrate that relevant food matrices (bakery products and chocolates) and thermal food processing substantially influence the quantification of 18 marker peptides from various nut and peanut allergens via targeted proteomics. In addition, we characterize the individual release kinetics of marker peptides and provide examples for metastable marker peptide candidates. Matrix recovery rates overall ranged between 15 and 250% with the observed variation being linked to the individual peptide structure as well as to specific matrix interferences. In contrast, thermal processing considerably influences the detectability of allergens on the protein level as different marker peptides from the identical parent allergen are similarly affected, leading to a loss in signal of up to 83% in extreme cases after a 45-min simulated baking. Provided data are finally used for evaluation of different calibrators as well as the overall potential and challenges of LC-MS for the absolute quantification of food allergens. SIGNIFICANCE: With the scientific discussion moving towards a risk-based management of food allergens, including the establishment of threshold doses, robust methods for the absolute quantification of allergens in food samples are urgently needed. Because the currently used antibody- and DNA-based technologies show severe limitations in terms of specificity and reproducibility, LC-MS has emerged as a promising alternative. Its application to absolute quantification, however, first requires an understanding of the various impacts that affect quantification results, including different food matrices, sample preparation, and thermal processing of foodstuffs. Knowledge of these factors, which are assessed as part of a comprehensive survey in this study, is also an important prerequisite to evaluate means of calibration for an LC-MS-based quantification of food allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Korte
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Daniela Oberleitner
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Jens Brockmeyer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
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26
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Ross GMS, Bremer MGEG, Nielen MWF. Consumer-friendly food allergen detection: moving towards smartphone-based immunoassays. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5353-5371. [PMID: 29582120 PMCID: PMC6096701 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this critical review, we provide a comprehensive overview of immunochemical food allergen assays and detectors in the context of their user-friendliness, through their connection to smartphones. Smartphone-based analysis is centered around citizen science, putting analysis into the hands of the consumer. Food allergies represent a significant worldwide health concern and consumers should be able to analyze their foods, whenever and wherever they are, for allergen presence. Owing to the need for a scientific background, traditional laboratory-based detection methods are generally unsuitable for the consumer. Therefore, it is important to develop simple, safe, and rapid assays that can be linked with smartphones as detectors to improve user accessibility. Smartphones make excellent detection systems because of their cameras, embedded flash functions, portability, connectivity, and affordability. Therefore, this review has summarized traditional laboratory-based methods for food allergen detection such as enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and surface plasmon resonance, and the potential to modernize these methods by interfacing them with a smartphone readout system, based on the aforementioned smartphone characteristics. This is the first review focusing on smartphone-based food-allergen detection methods designed with the intention of being consumer-friendly. Graphical abstract A smartphone-based food allergen detection system in three easy steps (1) sample preparation, (2) allergen detection on a smartphone using antibodies, which then transmits the data wirelessly, (3) analytical results sent straight to smartphone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M S Ross
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research, P.O Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Monique G E G Bremer
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research, P.O Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research, P.O Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Helix Building 124, Stippeng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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27
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Ito M, Mizota T, Kitaguchi T, Ohno K, Ohba T, Tanaka M. Simultaneous detection of eight species of tree nut in foods using two tetraplex polymerase chain reaction assays. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1985-1991. [PMID: 30067462 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1497940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tree nuts comprise a category of food allergens that must be included in the food labels in several countries. We developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using eight specific primer pairs to detect eight representative tree nuts (almond, Brazil nut, cashew, hazelnut, macadamia nut, pecan, pistachio, and walnut) under the same experimental conditions. The specificity of the eight primer pairs was confirmed by PCR testing against a variety of plant and animal samples. The detection limit of the method ranged from 1 fg to 1 pg DNA of individual tree nuts. The method detected tree nut DNA in processed and unprocessed food. In addition, the primer pairs could be combined into two sets of tetraplex PCR system. The developed method is specific, sensitive, and efficient, making it useful for detecting trace amounts of eight species of tree nut in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ito
- a Global Food Safety Research Institute , Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd ., Hachioji, Tokyo Japan
| | - Taisei Mizota
- a Global Food Safety Research Institute , Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd ., Hachioji, Tokyo Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaguchi
- a Global Food Safety Research Institute , Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd ., Hachioji, Tokyo Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Ohno
- a Global Food Safety Research Institute , Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd ., Hachioji, Tokyo Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohba
- a Global Food Safety Research Institute , Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd ., Hachioji, Tokyo Japan
| | - Mitsuru Tanaka
- a Global Food Safety Research Institute , Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd ., Hachioji, Tokyo Japan
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Angelopoulou M, Petrou PS, Makarona E, Haasnoot W, Moser I, Jobst G, Goustouridis D, Lees M, Kalatzi K, Raptis I, Misiakos K, Kakabakos SE. Ultrafast Multiplexed-Allergen Detection through Advanced Fluidic Design and Monolithic Interferometric Silicon Chips. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9559-9567. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michailia Angelopoulou
- Immunoassays/Immunosensors Lab, INRaSTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Panagiota S. Petrou
- Immunoassays/Immunosensors Lab, INRaSTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Eleni Makarona
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Dimitrios Goustouridis
- ThetaMetrisis S.A., 12132 Egaleo, Greece
- Electronics Department, TEI of Piraeus, 12244 Egaleo, Greece
| | - Michèle Lees
- EUROFINS ANALYTICS
France, BP 42301 Nantes, France
| | | | - Ioannis Raptis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Misiakos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Sotirios E. Kakabakos
- Immunoassays/Immunosensors Lab, INRaSTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
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Pedersen RO, Nowatzke WL, Cho CY, Oliver KG, Garber EAE. Cross-reactivity by botanicals used in dietary supplements and spices using the multiplex xMAP food allergen detection assay (xMAP FADA). Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5791-5806. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cho CY, Puente-Lelievre C, Jones GD, Stadig SR, Taylor DA, Eischeid AC, Garber EAE. Application of Multiantigen Profiling To Detect Pecan. J Food Prot 2018; 81:700-704. [PMID: 29607667 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A problem often encountered in the detection and identification of undeclared tree nut food allergens is the lack of analytical methods. This problem is accentuated by the current trend, whereby the primary methods used to detect food allergens are antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and the development of analyte-specific antibodies takes months. The recently developed xMAP food allergen detection assay (xMAP FADA) has the ability to generate multiantigen profiles with tree nuts, thereby providing a potential solution to this problem. The xMAP FADA includes 22 antibodies targeting peanut, soy, and nine tree nuts. The high number of antibodies to a diverse group of tree nuts and legumes and the propensity of tree nuts to cross-react have enabled the development of multiantigen profiling, whereby an analyte reacts with the various antibodies to generate a profile. Recently, a question arose regarding the possible presence of pecan dust at a manufacturer of pecan products that also stored fresh produce. The lack of suitable pecan ELISAs created an analytical challenge that was resolved using multiantigen profiling with the xMAP FADA. Pecan was detected on swab samples by using multiantigen profiling and confirmed by DNA analysis. The use of multiantigen profiling provided an analytical capability beyond what was possible with an analyte-specific analytical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Y Cho
- 1 Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740; and
| | - Caroline Puente-Lelievre
- 1 Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740; and
| | - Grant D Jones
- 2 New Orleans District Office, Office of Regulatory Affairs (ORA), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jackson, Mississippi 39269, USA
| | - Sarah R Stadig
- 1 Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740; and
| | - Debra A Taylor
- 2 New Orleans District Office, Office of Regulatory Affairs (ORA), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jackson, Mississippi 39269, USA
| | - Anne C Eischeid
- 1 Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740; and
| | - Eric A E Garber
- 1 Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740; and
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31
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Development of a β-Lactoglobulin Sensor Based on SPR for Milk Allergens Detection. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2018; 8:bios8020032. [PMID: 29584662 PMCID: PMC6023029 DOI: 10.3390/bios8020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and label-free surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based sensor was developed in this work for the detection of milk allergens. β-lactoglobulin (BLG) protein was used as the biomarker for cow milk detection. This is to be used directly in final rinse samples of cleaning in-place (CIP) systems of food manufacturers. The affinity assay was optimised and characterised before a standard curve was performed in pure buffer conditions, giving a detection limit of 0.164 µg mL-1 as a direct binding assay. The detection limit can be further enhanced through the use of a sandwich assay and amplification with nanomaterials. However, this was not required here, as the detection limit achieved exceeded the required allergen detection levels of 2 µg mL-1 for β-lactoglobulin. The binding affinities of the polyclonal antibody for BLG, expressed by the dissociation constant (KD), were equal to 2.59 × 10-9 M. The developed SPR-based sensor offers several advantages in terms of label-free detection, real-time measurements, potential on-line system and superior sensitivity when compared to ELISA-based techniques. The method is novel for this application and could be applied to wider food allergen risk management decision(s) in food manufacturing.
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32
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García-García A, Madrid R, García T, Martín R, González I. Use of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for screening of wheat, barley, rye and oats in foods. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Gu S, Chen N, Zhou Y, Zhao C, Zhan L, Qu L, Cao C, Han L, Deng X, Ding T, Song C, Ding Y. A rapid solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous screening of multiple allergens in chocolates. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Christopoulou S, Karaiskou S, Kalogianni DP. Microbead-based simultaneous fluorometric detection of three nut allergens. Mikrochim Acta 2017; 185:13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Cho CY, Oles C, Nowatzke W, Oliver K, Garber EAE. Cross-reactivity profiles of legumes and tree nuts using the xMAP ® multiplex food allergen detection assay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:5999-6014. [PMID: 28801713 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The homology between proteins in legumes and tree nuts makes it common for individuals with food allergies to be allergic to multiple legumes and tree nuts. This propensity for allergenic and antigenic cross-reactivity means that commonly employed commercial immunodiagnostic assays (e.g., dipsticks) for the detection of food allergens may not always accurately detect, identify, and quantitate legumes and tree nuts unless additional orthogonal analytical methods or secondary measures of analysis are employed. The xMAP® Multiplex Food Allergen Detection Assay (FADA) was used to determine the cross-reactivity patterns and the utility of multi-antibody antigenic profiling to distinguish between legumes and tree nuts. Pure legumes and tree nuts extracted using buffered detergent displayed a high level of cross-reactivity that decreased upon dilution or by using a buffer (UD buffer) designed to increase the stringency of binding conditions and reduce the occurrence of false positives due to plant-derived lectins. Testing for unexpected food allergens or the screening for multiple food allergens often involves not knowing the identity of the allergen present, its concentration, or the degree of modification during processing. As such, the analytical response measured may represent multiple antigens of varying antigenicity (cross-reactivity). This problem of multiple potential analytes is usually unresolved and the focus becomes the primary analyte, the antigen the antibody was raised against, or quantitative interpretation of the content of the analytical sample problematic. The alternative solution offered here to this problem is the use of an antigenic profile as generated by the xMAP FADA using multiple antibodies (bead sets). By comparing the antigenic profile to standards, the allergen may be identified along with an estimate of the concentration present. Cluster analysis of the xMAP FADA data was also performed and agreed with the known phylogeny of the legumes and tree nuts being analyzed. Graphical abstract The use of cluster analysis to compare the multi-antigen profiles of food allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Y Cho
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Carolyn Oles
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - William Nowatzke
- Radix® BioSolutions, 111 Cooperative Way #120, Georgetown, TX, 78626, USA
| | - Kerry Oliver
- Radix® BioSolutions, 111 Cooperative Way #120, Georgetown, TX, 78626, USA
| | - Eric A E Garber
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
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Pedersen RO, Peters T, Panda R, Wehling P, Garber EAE. Detection and Antigenic Profiling of Undeclared Peanut in Imported Garlic Using an xMAP Multiplex Immunoassay for Food Allergens. J Food Prot 2017; 80:1204-1213. [PMID: 28632417 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A shipment of imported garlic powder was suspected of containing peanut. Samples (subs) collected from the shipment displayed considerable variability in peanut antigenicity when analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This raised questions regarding whether peanut was actually present, the amount present, and the basis for the variability in antigenic content. Analyses that used an xMAP multiplex assay for the detection of peanut and additional food allergens generated responses that were characteristic of peanut. Specifically, the relative intensities of two different peanut-specific antibodies coupled to beads (peanut-37 and -38) and the antigen profiles were identical to garlic controls spiked with peanut. In addition, the xMAP data did not indicate the presence of other allergens. Quantitative analyses indicated an approximately fivefold variation in peanut concentration among different subs. In contrast, within a sub, the apparent peanut concentration appeared constant. Particle size analyses of the garlic powder subs indicated a single distribution profile, with a peak at 380 μm. ELISA analysis of sieve-fractionated garlic powder from one of the subs indicated that slightly less than half of the detectable peanut was smaller than 212 μm, with the remainder almost evenly split between 212 and 300 μm and >300 μm. Modeling to predict possible oral exposure levels of peanut other than those directly measured requires additional research on the physicochemical properties of peanut and garlic, along with information on the production of the garlic powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie O Pedersen
- 1 Office of Scientific and Professional Development, Office of the Chief Scientist, Office of the Commissioner, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993.,2 Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740
| | - Tim Peters
- 3 Medallion Labs, 9000 Plymouth Avenue North, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55427, USA
| | - Rakhi Panda
- 2 Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740
| | - Paul Wehling
- 3 Medallion Labs, 9000 Plymouth Avenue North, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55427, USA
| | - Eric A E Garber
- 2 Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740
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37
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DNA-functionalized photonic crystal microspheres for multiplex detection of toxic metal ions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 154:142-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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38
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Sharma GM, Khuda SE, Parker CH, Eischeid AC, Pereira M. Detection of Allergen Markers in Food: Analytical Methods. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119160588.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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39
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MRM 3-based LC-MS multi-method for the detection and quantification of nut allergens. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:7845-7855. [PMID: 27590318 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Food allergies have become a global challenge to food safety in industrialized countries in recent years. With governmental monitoring and legislation moving towards the establishment of threshold allergen doses, there is a need for sensitive and quantitative analytical methods for the determination of allergenic food contaminants. Targeted proteomics employing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has emerged as a promising technique that offers increased specificity and reproducibility compared to antibody and DNA-based technologies. As the detection of trace levels of allergenic food contaminants also demands excellent sensitivity, we aimed to significantly increase the analytical performance of LC-MS by utilizing multiple reaction monitoring cubed (MRM3) technology. Following a bottom-up proteomics approach, including a straightforward sample preparation process, 38 MRM3 experiments specific to 18 proteotypic peptides were developed and optimized. This permitted the highly specific identification of peanut, almond, cashew, hazelnut, pistachio, and walnut. The analytical performance of the method was assessed for three relevant food matrices with different chemical compositions. Limits of detection were around 1 μg/g or below in fortified matrix samples, not accounting for the effects of food processing. Compared to an MRM-based approach, the MRM3-based method showed an increase in sensitivity of up to 30-fold. Regression analysis demonstrated high linearity of the MRM3 signal in spiked matrix samples together with robust intersample reproducibility, confirming that the method is highly applicable for quantitative purposes. To the best of our knowledge, we describe here the most sensitive LC-MS multi-method for food allergen detection thus far. In addition, this is the first study that systematically compares MRM3 with MRM for the analysis of complex foods. Graphical abstract Allergen detection by MRM3.
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40
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41
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Ashley J, Piekarska M, Segers C, Trinh L, Rodgers T, Willey R, Tothill IE. An SPR based sensor for allergens detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 88:109-113. [PMID: 27503408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and label-free optical sensor method was developed for allergens analysis using α-casein as the biomarker for cow's milk detection, to be used directly in final rinse samples of cleaning in place systems (CIP) of food manufacturers. A Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor chip consisting of four sensing arrays enabling the measurement of samples and control binding events simultaneously on the sensor surface was employed in this work. SPR offers several advantages in terms of label free detection, real time measurements and superior sensitivity when compared to ELISA based techniques. The gold sensor chip was used to immobilise α-casein-polyclonal antibody using EDC/NHS coupling procedure. The performance of the assay and the sensor was first optimised and characterised in pure buffer conditions giving a detection limit of 58ngmL-1 as a direct binding assay. The assay sensitivity can be further improved by using sandwich assay format and amplified with nanoparticles. However, at this stage this is not required as the detection limit achieved exceeded the required allergens detection levels of 2µgmL-1 for α-S1-casein. The sensor demonstrated good selectivity towards the α-casein as the target analyte and adequate recoveries from CIP final rinse wash samples. The sensor would be useful tool for monitoring allergen levels after cleaning procedures, providing additional data that may better inform upon wider food allergen risk management decision(s) that are made by food manufacturer. In particular, this sensor could potentially help validate or optimise cleaning practices for a given food manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ashley
- Cranfield University, Advanced Diagnostics and Sensors Group, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 0AL UK
| | - M Piekarska
- Cranfield University, Advanced Diagnostics and Sensors Group, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 0AL UK
| | - C Segers
- Cranfield University, Advanced Diagnostics and Sensors Group, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 0AL UK
| | - L Trinh
- University of Manchester, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - T Rodgers
- University of Manchester, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - R Willey
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Unilever plc, Sharnbrook, Bedford, MK44 1LQ UK
| | - I E Tothill
- Cranfield University, Advanced Diagnostics and Sensors Group, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 0AL UK.
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42
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Simultaneous Determination of the Main Peanut Allergens in Foods Using Disposable Amperometric Magnetic Beads-Based Immunosensing Platforms. CHEMOSENSORS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors4030011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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43
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Lexhaller B, Tompos C, Scherf KA. Comparative analysis of prolamin and glutelin fractions from wheat, rye, and barley with five sandwich ELISA test kits. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6093-104. [PMID: 27342795 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The safety of gluten-free foods is essential for celiac disease (CD) patients to prevent serious complications. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are recommended for gluten analysis to monitor the compliance of gluten-free products to the Codex threshold of 20 mg gluten/kg. However, due to the specific features of each gluten ELISA test kit, the results often deviate systematically and largely depend on the characteristics of the antibody. This comprehensive study assessed the specificities and sensitivities of three monoclonal (R5, G12, and Skerritt) and two polyclonal antibodies to the alcohol-soluble prolamin and alcohol-insoluble glutelin fractions of gluten from wheat, rye, and barley, all of which harbor CD-active epitopes. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography served as independent reference method to quantify gluten protein concentrations and allow comparisons of different gluten fractions within one kit and between kits. Wheat prolamins were detected quite accurately by all antibodies, but high variability between antibody specificities and sensitivities was observed for rye and barley prolamins and rye glutelins, and the largest discrepancies were found for wheat and barley glutelins. The gluten content (sum of prolamins and glutelins) was either overestimated up to six times (rye) or underestimated up to seven times (barley). Overestimation of gluten contents may unnecessarily limit the availability of gluten-free products, but underestimation represents a serious health risk for CD patients. It is important to consider these differences between antibodies used in kits and consider what each kit is capable of measuring, especially with samples where the source of gluten is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lexhaller
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Institut, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Christine Tompos
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Institut, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Katharina Anne Scherf
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Institut, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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Abstract
Food allergy is receiving increased attention in recent years. Because there is currently no known cure for food allergy, avoiding the offending food is the best defense for sensitive individuals. Type I food allergy is mediated by food proteins, and thus, theoretically, any food protein is a potential allergen. Variability of an individual's immune system further complicates attempts to understand allergen-antibody interaction. In this article, we briefly review food allergy occurrence, prevalence, mechanisms, and detection. Efforts aimed at reducing/eliminating allergens through food processing are discussed. Future research needs are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shridhar K Sathe
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 30306-1493;
| | - Changqi Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 30306-1493;
| | - Valerie D Zaffran
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 30306-1493;
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45
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Garber EAE, Parker CH, Handy SM, Cho CY, Panda R, Samadpour M, Reynaud DH, Ziobro GC. Presence of Undeclared Food Allergens in Cumin: The Need for Multiplex Methods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1202-1211. [PMID: 26769163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Beginning in the autumn of 2014, millions of dollars of food and over 675 products were recalled in the United States due to the presence of undeclared peanut, attributed to cumin used in the manufacture of the products. Initial analyses also indicated the presence of almond. Subsequent research showed that the presence of peanut and almond did not fully explain the analytical results for the cumin samples. Using a combination of mass spectrometry, DNA-based methods (i.e., PCR and Sanger DNA Sequencing), microscopy, and antibody-based technologies (i.e., ELISA, Western blot analysis, and a novel xMAP multiplex assay) the presence of peanut was confirmed. Screening for secondary sources of adulteration (e.g., tree nuts, mahleb, peach, and cherry) supported the assessment that the cumin contained multiple contaminants. These results demonstrate the limitations of single analyte-specific assays and the need for orthogonal multiplex methods to detect food allergens irrespective of varietal or other differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A E Garber
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration , College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Christine H Parker
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration , College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Sara M Handy
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration , College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Chung Y Cho
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration , College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Rakhi Panda
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration , College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Mansour Samadpour
- IEH Laboratories and Consulting Group, Inc. , Lake Forest Park, Washington 98155, United States
| | - Danica H Reynaud
- AuthenTechnologies LLC , Richmond, California 94806, United States
| | - George C Ziobro
- Office of Food Safety, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration , College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
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Heat-induced alterations in cashew allergen solubility and IgE binding. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:244-251. [PMID: 28959544 PMCID: PMC5615785 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cashew nuts are an increasingly common cause of food allergy. We compare the soluble protein profile of cashew nuts following heating. SDS-PAGE indicate that heating can alter the solubility of cashew nut proteins. The 11S legumin, Ana o 2, dominates the soluble protein content in ready to eat and mildly heated cashew nuts. However, we found that in dark-roasted cashew nuts, the soluble protein profile shifts and the 2S albumin Ana o 3 composes up to 40% of the soluble protein. Analysis of trypsin-treated extracts by LC/MS/MS indicate changes in the relative number and intensity of peptides. The relative cumulative intensity of the 5 most commonly observed Ana o 1 and 2 peptides are altered by heating, while those of the 5 most commonly observed Ana o 3 peptides remaine relatively constant. ELISA experiments indicate that there is a decrease in rabbit IgG and human serum IgE binding to soluble cashew proteins following heating. Our findings indicate that heating can alter the solubility of cashew allergens, resulting in altered IgE binding. Our results support the use of both Ana o 2 and Ana o 3 as potential cashew allergen diagnostic targets.
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Parker CH, Khuda SE, Pereira M, Ross MM, Fu TJ, Fan X, Wu Y, Williams KM, DeVries J, Pulvermacher B, Bedford B, Zhang X, Jackson LS. Multi-allergen Quantitation and the Impact of Thermal Treatment in Industry-Processed Baked Goods by ELISA and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10669-10680. [PMID: 26595064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Undeclared food allergens account for 30-40% of food recalls in the United States. Compliance with ingredient labeling regulations and the implementation of effective manufacturing allergen control plans require the use of reliable methods for allergen detection and quantitation in complex food products. The objectives of this work were to (1) produce industry-processed model foods incurred with egg, milk, and peanut allergens, (2) compare analytical method performance for allergen quantitation in thermally processed bakery products, and (3) determine the effects of thermal treatment on allergen detection. Control and allergen-incurred cereal bars and muffins were formulated in a pilot-scale industry processing facility. Quantitation of egg, milk, and peanut in incurred baked goods was compared at various processing stages using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and a novel multi-allergen liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) method. Thermal processing was determined to negatively affect the recovery and quantitation of egg, milk, and peanut to different extents depending on the allergen, matrix, and analytical test method. The Morinaga ELISA and LC-MS/MS quantitative methods reported the highest recovery across all monitored allergens, whereas the ELISA Systems, Neogen BioKits, Neogen Veratox, and R-Biopharm ELISA Kits underperformed in the determination of allergen content of industry-processed bakery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Parker
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Sefat E Khuda
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708, United States
| | - Marion Pereira
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708, United States
| | - Mark M Ross
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Tong-Jen Fu
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, United States
| | - Xuebin Fan
- Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology , Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, United States
| | - Yan Wu
- Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology , Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, United States
| | - Kristina M Williams
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708, United States
| | - Jonathan DeVries
- James Ford Bell Technical Center, General Mills , 9000 Plymouth Avenue North, Golden Valley, Minnesota 55427, United States
| | - Brian Pulvermacher
- James Ford Bell Technical Center, General Mills , 9000 Plymouth Avenue North, Golden Valley, Minnesota 55427, United States
| | - Binaifer Bedford
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, United States
| | - Xi Zhang
- Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology , Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, United States
| | - Lauren S Jackson
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, United States
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Liu C, Chhabra GS, Sathe SK. Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Detection and Quantification Using a Murine Monoclonal Antibody-Based Direct Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9139-9149. [PMID: 26416205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A commercially available direct sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (BioFront Technologies, Tallahassee, FL, USA) using murine anti-pistachio monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as capture and detection antibodies was evaluated. The assay was sensitive (limit of detection = 0.09 ± 0.02 ppm full fat pistachio, linear detection range = 0.5-36 ppm, 50% maximum signal concentration = 7.9 ± 0.7 ppm), reproducible (intra- and inter-assay variability < 24% CV), and rapid (post-extraction testing time ∼ 1.5 h). The target antigen was stable and detectable in whole pistachio seeds subjected to autoclaving (121 °C, 15 psi, 15, 30 min), blanching (100 °C, 5, 10 min), frying (191 °C, 1 min), microwaving (500, 1000 W, 3 min), and dry roasting (140 °C, 30 min; 168 °C, 12 min). No cross-reactivity was observed in 156 food matrices, each tested at 100,000 ppm, suggesting the ELISA to be pistachio specific. The pistachio recovery ranges for spiked (10 ppm) and incurred (10-50000 ppm) food matrices were 93.1-125.6% and 35.7-112.2%, respectively. The assay did not register any false-positive or -negative results among the tested commercial and laboratory prepared samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqi Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Guneet S Chhabra
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Shridhar K Sathe
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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