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Zhang Z, Li J, Yang B, Ma M, Ding X, Shi H, Ma P, Song D, Zhang Z. Near-infrared fluorescent probe for ultrasensitive detection of organophosphorus pesticides and visualization of their interaction with butyrylcholinesterase in living cells. Talanta 2024; 279:126587. [PMID: 39032455 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The toxicity of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) can catastrophically cause liver cell damage and inhibit the catalytic activity of cholinesterase. We designed and synthesized a near-infrared fluorescent probe HP-LZB with large Stokes shift which can specifically identify and detect butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and visually explore the interaction between OPs and endogenous BChE in living cells. Fluorescence was turned on when HP-LZB was hydrolyzed into HP-LZ in the presence of BChE, and OPs could inhibit BChE's activity resulting in a decrease of fluorescence. Six OPs including three oxon pesticides (paraoxon, chlorpyrifos oxon and diazoxon) and their corresponding thion pesticides (parathion, chlorpyrifos and diazinon) were investigated. Both in vitro and cell experiments indicated that only oxon pesticides could inhibit BChE's activity. The limits of detection (LODs) of paraoxon, chlorpyrifos oxon and diazoxon were as low as 0.295, 0.007 and 0.011 ng mL-1 respectively and the recovery of OPs residue in vegetable samples was satisfactory. Thion pesticides themselves could hardly inhibit the activity of BChE and are only toxic when they are converted to their corresponding oxon form in the metabolic process. However, in this work, thion pesticides were found not be oxidized into their oxon forms in living HepG2 cells due to the lack of cytochrome P450 in hepatoma HepG2 cell lines. Therefore, this probe has great application potential in effectively monitoring OPs in real plant samples and visually exploring the interaction between OPs and BChE in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jingkang Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Mo Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, China; School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiangdong Ding
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Xiantai Street 126, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Hui Shi
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Pinyi Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Manzano-Sánchez L, Díaz-Galiano FJ, Martínez JA, Ferrer C, Fernández-Alba AR. Improved efficiency of ion trapping time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of pesticide residues and mycotoxins at trace levels in baby food. Talanta 2024; 278:126448. [PMID: 38905962 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The analysis of pesticide residues and mycotoxins in baby food demands exceptionally low limits of quantitation, necessitating the use of highly sensitive instruments capable of conducting trace analyses. High-resolution instruments typically fail to detect such low levels. However, the latest advancements in liquid time-of-flight technology, when coupled with ion trapping, enable ion enrichment, thereby improving detection levels. This allows for the analysis of these substances at low concentration levels, benefiting from enhanced mass accuracy. Additionally, the use of mass accuracy data helped eliminate matrix interferences, thereby enabling high-confidence identification. We developed a multi-residue method to analyse 219 pesticide residues and 9 mycotoxin residues in baby food matrices. Utilizing a QuEChERS-based extraction method, the samples were then analysed using an LC-ZenoTOF 7600 system with mass window screening acquisition. For pesticides, the limit of quantitation was 0.001-0.003 mg/kg for 81 % of the evaluated compounds, 0.005 mg/kg for 13 %, 0.010 mg/kg for 4 % and 0.020-0.030 for 2 %; good linearities were obtained at these levels. Apparent recoveries were evaluated at 0.003, 0.005, and 0.010 mg/kg. At the lowest recovery level, 93 % of compounds showed recoveries between 70 and 120 %. The rest of the compounds were in the range of 63-129 %, with relative standard deviation values below 20 %. For mycotoxins, the limits of quantitation ranged from 0.0001 to 0.100 mg/kg, with matrix-matched concentrations assessed within this range. Recoveries were evaluated at low concentration range (0.001-0.003 mg/kg) and high range (0.020-0.050) with apparent recoveries values between 92 and 140 %. Finally, a total of 31 commercial baby food samples were analysed using this method. The results indicated that 16 samples contained pesticide residues, while two samples were found to have mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Manzano-Sánchez
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3 (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Francisco José Díaz-Galiano
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3 (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - José Antonio Martínez
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3 (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Carmen Ferrer
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3 (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Amadeo Rodríguez Fernández-Alba
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3 (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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3
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Shao Q, Jiang C, Chen X, Wang A, Lu L, Chen L, Lu H. Sensing of organophosphorus pesticides by fluorescent complexes based on purine-hydrazone receptor and copper (II) and its application in living-cells imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 296:122676. [PMID: 37031483 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used purine hydrazone derivatives and coumarin aldehyde to synthesize a novel fluorescent sensor (EDTP) by Schiff base reaction, which exhibited significant selective fluorescence quenching of Cu2+, and a distinct change from brilliant yellow to red is present along with the solution color. The detection limit of EDTP for Cu2+ was 109.52 nM. Job's plot experiment, density flooding theory (DFT) and 1H NMR titration experiments revealed the possible binding mechanism of EDTP to Cu2+, the probe EDTP could achieve highly detection of Cu2+ through forming a 1:1 complex. Additionally, this new fluorescent sensor EDTP-Cu2+ can be further applied in the rapid and selective detection of pesticide residues in solutions. When the EDTP-Cu2+ system was subsequently exposed to organophosphorus pesticides (glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium), it was observed that the fluorescence was recovered and accompanied by a red to yellow color change. This may be attributed to the strong chelation of glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium with Cu2+, leading to the dissociation of the EDTP-Cu2+ system and thus triggering the fluorescence recovery effect. The detection limits of the EDTP-Cu2+ system is 2.48 nM for glyphosate and 17.23 nM for glufosinate-ammonium, respectively. Finally, the developed sensor system has been successfully utilized image glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium fluorescence in living cells. Purine fluorescence probes are a potential fluorescent probe for the detection of metal ions and pesticides due to their good characteristics. This study opens up a new way for the detection of fluorescent probes in pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212000 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212000 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212000 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Anguan Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212000 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Linchuan Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212000 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212000 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hongfei Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212000 Zhenjiang, China.
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4
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Wu G, Zhang C, Liu C, Li X, Cai Y, Wang M, Chu D, Liu L, Meng T, Chen Z. Magnetic tubular nickel@silica-graphene nanocomposites with high preconcentration capacity for organothiophosphate pesticide removal in environmental water: Fabrication, magnetic solid-phase extraction, and trace detection. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131788. [PMID: 37302192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organothiophosphate pesticides (OPPs) are the most common water contaminants, significantly endangering human health and bringing serious public safety issues. Thus, developing effective technologies for the removal or trace detection of OPPs from water is urgent. Herein, a novel graphene-based silica-coated core-shell tubular magnetic nanocomposite (Ni@SiO2-G) was fabricated for the first time and used for the efficient magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of the OPPs chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and fenitrothion from environmental water. The experimental factors affecting extraction efficiency such as adsorbent dosage, extraction time, desorption solvent, desorption mode, desorption time, and adsorbent type were evaluated. The synthesized Ni@SiO2-G nanocomposites showed a higher preconcentration capacity than the Ni nanotubes, Ni@SiO2 nanotubes, and graphene. Under the optimized conditions, 5 mg of tubular nano-adsorbent displayed good linearity within the range of 0.1-1 μg·mL-1, low limits of detection (0.04-0.25 pg·mL-1), low limits of quantification (0.132-0.834 pg·mL-1), good reusability (n = 5; relative standard deviations between 1.46% and 9.65%), low dosage (5 mg), and low real detection concentration (< 3.0 ng·mL-1). Moreover, the possible interaction mechanism was investigated by density functional theory calculation. Results showed that Ni@SiO2-G was a potential magnetic material for the preconcentration and extraction of formed OPPs at ultra-trace levels from environmental water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Wu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Chuanqi Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xiangzi Li
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Cai
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Meifang Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Deqiang Chu
- Criminal Police Detachment Material Evidence Identification Center, Wuhu Municipal Public Security Bureau, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Liyun Liu
- Criminal Police Detachment Material Evidence Identification Center, Wuhu Municipal Public Security Bureau, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Tian Meng
- Criminal Police Detachment Material Evidence Identification Center, Wuhu Municipal Public Security Bureau, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
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Hatzidaki E, Pagkalou M, Katsikantami I, Vakonaki E, Kavvalakis M, Tsatsakis AM, Tzatzarakis MN. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Persistent Organic Pollutants in Infant Formulas and Baby Food: Legislation and Risk Assessments. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081697. [PMID: 37107492 PMCID: PMC10137371 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk is the healthiest option for newborns, although, under specific circumstances, infant formula is a precious alternative for feeding the baby. Except for the nutritional content, infant formulas and baby food must be pollutant-free. Thus, their composition is controlled by continuous monitoring and regulated by establishing upper limits and guideline values for safe exposure. Legislation differs worldwide, although there are standard policies and strategies for protecting vulnerable infants. This work presents current regulations and directives for restricting endocrine-disrupting chemicals and persistent organic pollutants in infant formulas. Risk assessment studies, which are limited, are necessary to depict exposure variations and assess the health risks for infants from dietary exposure to pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Hatzidaki
- Department of Neonatology & NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Marina Pagkalou
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioanna Katsikantami
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Matthaios Kavvalakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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6
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Torabi E, Moghadasi M, Mirzaei M, Amiri A. Nanofiber-based sorbents: Current status and applications in extraction methods. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1689:463739. [PMID: 36586288 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Advanced sorbents gradually become a research hotspot on account of the increasing attention paid to environmental problems. Due to the prominent physicochemical features of nanofibers (NFs), such as high porosity, large surface area, favorable interconnectivity, high adsorption capacity, wettability, and the possibility of surface modification using functional groups, these nanostructures are regarded as excellent candidates for extraction applications. Therefore, the research in the field of NFs and their nanocomposites has been increasing in recent years. In the present review, we summarize the most recent studies on NFs-based sorbents focusing on strategies for preparation, characterization, and their unique capabilities as porous sorbents in various sorbent-based extraction methods. Moreover, we further described the performance and selectivity of sorbents to achieve improved extraction efficiency. Finally, some perspectives on the challenges and outlook are provided to aid future investigations related to this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Torabi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - Milad Moghadasi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran.; Khorasan Science and Technology Park (KSTP), 12th km of Mashhad-Quchan Road, Mashhad, 9185173911, Khorasan Razavi, Iran.
| | - Amirhassan Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran..
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Tang L, Wang C, Tian S, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Song D, Zhang Z. Label-Free and Ultrasensitive Detection of Butyrylcholinesterase and Organophosphorus Pesticides by Mn(II)-Based Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy with a Zero Background Signal. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16189-16195. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Sizhu Tian
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yong Yu
- College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, West Minzhu Street 938, Changchun 130061, PR China
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China
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Conde-Díaz A, Rodríguez-Ramos R, Socas-Rodríguez B, Salazar-Carballo PÁ, Rodríguez-Delgado MÁ. Application of polyaniline-based magnetic-dispersive-solid-phase microextraction combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the evaluation of plastic migrants in food matrices. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1670:462988. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bhattu M, Kathuria D, Billing BK, Verma M. Chromatographic techniques for the analysis of organophosphate pesticides with their extraction approach: a review (2015-2020). ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:322-358. [PMID: 34994766 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01404h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In agriculture, a wide range of OPPs has been employed to boost crop yield, quality, and storage life. However, due to the ever-increasing population and rapid urbanization, pesticide use has surged in recent years. These compounds are exceedingly poisonous to humans, and despite the fact that specific legislation prohibits their use, the frequency of toxic and/or fatal incidents, as well as current statistics, suggest that they are currently accessible. As a result, determining the exposure to these substances as well as their detection (and that of their metabolites) in different types of exposed samples has become a hot issue in terms of quality and safety concerns. However, developing tools for the evaluation of these substances is a critical challenge for laboratories. Various chromatographic-based methods reported in the period of 2015-2020 have been developed, which are summarized and critically reviewed in this article, including the extraction of the target OPPs from different kinds of matrices. A comparison among the extraction and analysis techniques has been made in the current review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bhattu
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab 140413, India. niperdeepika12@gmail
| | - Deepika Kathuria
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab 140413, India. niperdeepika12@gmail
| | - Beant Kaur Billing
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab 140413, India. niperdeepika12@gmail
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab 140413, India. niperdeepika12@gmail
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Yang J, Chen SW, Zhang B, Tu Q, Wang J, Yuan MS. Non-biological fluorescent chemosensors for pesticides detection. Talanta 2022; 240:123200. [PMID: 35030438 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing poisoning of agricultural products has pushed the security problem to become an important issue. Among them, exceeding the standard rate of pesticide residues is the main factor influencing the quality and security of agricultural products. Moreover, the abuse of pesticides has introduced a large amount of residues in soil and drinking water, which will enter the food chain to the human body, leading to neurological disorders and cancer. Therefore, great efforts have been devoted to developing fluorescent sensors for detecting pesticide in a facile, quickly, sensitive, selective, accurate manner, which exhibit greater advantages than some traditional methods. In this review, we mainly focus on summarizing the non-biological fluorescent probes for organic pesticides detection with the detection limit of micromole to nanomole, including organic functional small molecules, calixarenes and pillararenes, metal organic framework systems, and nanomaterials. Meanwhile, we described the different sensing mechanisms for pesticides detection of these mentioned fluorescent sensors, the detection limit of each pesticide, the application in detecting actual samples, as well as their respective advantages and development prospects associated with present non-biological fluorescent sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Shu-Wei Chen
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Bingwen Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Qin Tu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| | - Jinyi Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| | - Mao-Sen Yuan
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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Luís C, Algarra M, Câmara JS, Perestrelo R. Comprehensive Insight from Phthalates Occurrence: From Health Outcomes to Emerging Analytical Approaches. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9070157. [PMID: 34357900 PMCID: PMC8309855 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9070157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are a group of chemicals used in a multitude of important industrial products (e.g., medical devices, children's toys, and food packages), mainly as plasticizers to improve mechanical properties such as flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The wide occurrence of phthalates in many consumer products, including foods (e.g., bottled water, soft drinks, wine, milk, and meat) brings that most people are exposed to phthalates every day, which raises some concerns. Adverse health outcomes from phthalates exposure have been associated with endocrine disruption, deformities in the human reproductive system, increased risk of preterm birth, carcinogen exposure, among others. Apprehension related to the health risks and ubiquitous incidence of phthalates in foods inspires the development of reliable analytical approaches that allow their detection and quantification at trace levels. The purpose of the current review is to provide information related to the presence of phthalates in the food chain, highlighting the health risks associated with their exposure. Moreover, an overview of emerging extraction procedures and high-resolution analytical approaches for a comprehensive quantification of phthalates is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Luís
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (C.L.); (J.S.C.)
- Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Unidade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Manuel Algarra
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Campus de Teatinos s/n, University of Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
| | - José S. Câmara
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (C.L.); (J.S.C.)
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Engenharia, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (C.L.); (J.S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-291-705-224
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Arpna Kumari, Rajinder Kaur. Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Phthalic Acid Esters in Different Samples. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Determination of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Animal Urine Samples by Ultrasound Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Gas Chromatography Coupled to Ion Trap-Mass Spectrometry. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10165441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A low solvent consumption method for the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in animal urine samples is studied. The NSAIDs were extracted with CH2Cl2 by the ultrasound vortex assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (USVA-DLLME) method from urine samples, previously treated with β-glucuronidase/acrylsulfatase. After centrifugation, the bottom phase of the chlorinated solvent was separated from the liquid matrix, dried with Na2SO4, and derivatized with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) + trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) (99 + 1). After cooling at room temperature, the solution was concentrated under nitrogen flow, and 1 µL of solution was analyzed in gas chromatography/ion trap-mass spectrometry (GC-IT-MS). The enrichment factor was about 300–450 times and recoveries ranged from 94.1 to 101.2% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of ≤4.1%. The USVA-DLLME process efficiency was not influenced by the characteristics of the real urine matrix; therefore, the analytical method characteristics were evaluated in the range 1–100 ng mL−1 (R2 ≥ 0.9950). The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were between 0.1 and 0.2 ng mL−1 with RSD ≤4.5% and between 4.1 and 4.7 ng mL−1 with RSD ≤3.5%, respectively, whereas inter- and intra-day precision was 3.8% and 4.5%, respectively. The proposed analytical method is reproducible, sensitive, and simple.
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Giuliani A, Zuccarini M, Cichelli A, Khan H, Reale M. Critical Review on the Presence of Phthalates in Food and Evidence of Their Biological Impact. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5655. [PMID: 32764471 PMCID: PMC7460375 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are a huge class of chemicals with a wide spectrum of industrial uses, from the manufacture of plastics to food contact applications, children's toys, and medical devices. People and animals can be exposed through different routes (i.e., ingestion, inhalation, dermal, or iatrogenic exposure), as these compounds can be easily released from plastics to water, food, soil, air, making them ubiquitous environmental contaminants. In the last decades, phthalates and their metabolites have proven to be of concern, particularly in products for pregnant women or children. Moreover, many authors reported high concentrations of phthalates in soft drinks, mineral waters, wine, oil, ready-to-eat meals, and other products, as a possible consequence of their accumulation along the food production chain and their accidental release from packaging materials. However, due to their different physical and chemical properties, phthalates do not have the same human and environmental impacts and their association to several human diseases is still under debate. In this review we provide an overview of phthalate toxicity, pointing out the health and legal issues related to their occurrence in several types of food and beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Giuliani
- "G.d'Annunzio" School of Advanced Studies, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Marcella Reale
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Interuniversity Center on Interactions between Electromagnetic Fields and Biosystems, National Research Council-Institute for Electromagnetic Detection of The Environment, (ICEMB-CNR-IREA), 80124 Naples, Italy
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15
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Murat P, Ferret PJ, Coslédan S, Simon V. Development of a HS-SPME-GC-MS method for the analysis of phthalates in glycerin and liquid paraffin: application to safety evaluation of cosmetic packagings. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5157-5168. [PMID: 32221658 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Migration of molecules from packaging into products is a well-known phenomenon of which the studies in the food and medical industries are regulated in Europe by several legislations. However, for cosmetic packagings, there is no protocol nor specific migration limits available. The objective of this work was to use glycerin and liquid paraffin as cosmetic product simulants to perform a safety assessment on phthalates in 11 plastic packagings used in the cosmetic industry. To study these compounds in the matrices, 2 extraction techniques were compared: liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The optimization of the 2 processes of extraction showed that SPME was more adapted to the study. Finally, samples of glycerin and liquid paraffin were analyzed by a SPME-GC-MS method to quantitate 10 regulated phthalates. In glycerin, only DEP was quantitated above the LOQ in 3 packagings, but the concentrations measured were under the set concentration threshold of 0.5 ppm. In liquid paraffin, DEP was quantitated above this concentration threshold. A safety evaluation was so performed by calculating the systemic exposure damage, and the results were finally considered to be safe for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Murat
- Chimie analytique et Compatibilité, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, 17 allée Camille Soula, 31320, Vigoulet-Auzil, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle (LCA), INRA, INPT, Université de Toulouse, 31030, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Jacques Ferret
- Safety Assessment Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, 3 avenue Hubert Curien, 31035, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Coslédan
- Chimie analytique et Compatibilité, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, 17 allée Camille Soula, 31320, Vigoulet-Auzil, France.
| | - Valérie Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle (LCA), INRA, INPT, Université de Toulouse, 31030, Toulouse, France
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16
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Analytical Scheme for Simultaneous Determination of Phthalates and Bisphenol A in Honey Samples Based on Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Followed by GC-IT/MS. Effect of the Thermal Stress on PAE/BP-A Levels. Methods Protoc 2020; 3:mps3010023. [PMID: 32213842 PMCID: PMC7189663 DOI: 10.3390/mps3010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, an analytical protocol was developed for the simultaneous determination of phthalates (di-methyl phthalate DMP, di-ethyl phthalate DEP, di-isobutyl phthalate DiBP, di-n-butyl phthalate DBP, bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEHP, di-n-octyl phthalate DNOP) and bisphenol A (BPA). The extraction technique used was the ultrasound vortex assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (UVA-DLLME). The method involves analyte extraction using 75 µL of benzene and subsequent analysis by gas chromatography combined with ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-IT/MS). The method is sensitive, reliable, and reproducible with a limit of detection (LOD) below 13 ng g−1 and limit of quantification (LOQ) below 22 ng g−1 and the intra- and inter-day errors below 7.2 and 9.3, respectively. The method developed and validated was applied to six honey samples (i.e., four single-use commercial ones and two home-made ones. Some phthalates were found in the samples at concentrations below the specific migration limits (SMLs). Furthermore, the commercial samples were subjected to two different thermal stresses (24 h and 48 h at 40 °C) for evidence of the release of plastic from the containers. An increase in the phthalate concentrations was observed, especially during the first phase of the shock, but the levels were still within the limits of the regulations.
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Notardonato I, Passarella S, Ianiri G, Di Fiore C, Russo MV, Avino P. Analytical Method Development and Chemometric Approach for Evidencing Presence of Plasticizer Residues in Nectar Honey Samples. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1692. [PMID: 32150918 PMCID: PMC7084514 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, anthropogenic sources have increasingly affected food quality. One of the most sensitive and nutritional matrices affected by chemical contamination is honey, due to the use of acaricides. Recently, the attention has moved to the presence of phthalates (PAEs) and bisphenol A (BP-A), molecules present in plastic materials used both in the production phase and in the conservation of honey. In this study, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of PAEs (dimethyl phthalate DMP, diethyl phthalate DEP, diisobutyl phthalate DiBP, dibutyl phthalate DBP, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEHP, and di-n-octyl-phthalate DnOP) and BP-A was developed. The extraction technique is the ultrasound-vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UVA-DLLME), using 150 µL of toluene as an extraction solvent, followed by the gas chromatography coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry analysis (GC-IT/MS). The developed method is sensitive, reliable, and reproducible: it shows high correlation coefficients (R > 0.999); limits of detection (LODs) less than 11 ng·g-1; limits of quantification (LOQs) less than 16 ng·g-1; repeatability below 3.6%, except BP-A (11.6%); and accuracy below 4.8%, except BP-A (17.6%). The method was applied to 47 nectar honey samples for evidencing similarities among them. The chemometric approach based on Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis evidenced some similitudes about sample origin as well as marked differences between PAE and BP-A sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pasquale Avino
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy; (I.N.); (S.P.); (G.I.); (C.D.F.); (M.V.R.)
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18
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Xiang X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Huang M, Li X, Pan S. Multifiber solid‐phase microextraction using different molecularly imprinted coatings for simultaneous selective extraction and sensitive determination of organophosphorus pesticides. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:756-765. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education)College of Food Science & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural University Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education)College of Food Science & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural University Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education)College of Food Science & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural University Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Mingquan Huang
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Liquor Quality and SafetyBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education)College of Food Science & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural University Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Siyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education)College of Food Science & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural University Wuhan P. R. China
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Zakharkiv I, Zui M, Zaitsev V. Determination of Phthalate Esters in Water and Liquid Pharmaceutical Samples by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) and Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID). ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1711384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Zakharkiv
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Zui
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Nobile M, Arioli F, Pavlovic R, Ceriani F, Lin SK, Panseri S, Villa R, Chiesa LM. Presence of emerging contaminants in baby food. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 37:131-142. [PMID: 31661665 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1682686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food safety becomes imperative when it aims to protect infants. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of emerging contaminants of which some act as endocrine-disruptors in baby food. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), parabens and antibiotics were analysed in 112 baby food of different categories (meat, fish, vegetables, fruit, cheese). As regard POPs, PFASs and antibiotics, no residues were detected, while one sample showed methyl-paraben (4.14 ng g-1), whereas another three contained propyl-paraben (median 1.70 ng g-1). Special attention must be paid on parabens metabolites, as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, the principal parabens metabolite, was detected in all samples (median 176.7 ng g-1). It may be present as a degradation product, but also, it can be released from vegetables and fruits during food processing. It is recommended to collect more data on natural vs non-natural occurrence of parabens and metabolites to evaluate the exposure of sensitive population vs ADI published by the European Food Safety Authority and European Medicines Agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nobile
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Ceriani
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Shih-Kuo Lin
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Villa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Maria Chiesa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Mehrani Z, Ebrahimzadeh H, Moradi E. Poly m-aminophenol/ nylon 6/graphene oxide electrospun nanofiber as an efficient sorbent for thin film microextraction of phthalate esters in water and milk solutions preserved in baby bottle. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1600:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Melamine-formaldehyde aerogel functionalized with polydopamine as in-tube solid-phase microextraction coating for the determination of phthalate esters. Talanta 2019; 199:317-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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A sensitive and accurate vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for urinary triazoles. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1586:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Effervescent tablets containing magnetic ionic liquids as a non-conventional extraction and dispersive agent for speciation of arsenite and arsenate in vegetable samples. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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25
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Phthalates and bisphenol-A residues in water samples: an innovative analytical approach. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-018-0745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of pesticide residues in nutraceutical drops. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1570:126-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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