1
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Wallace H, Benford D, Hart A, Schroeder H, Rose M, Vrijheid M, Kouloura E, Bordajandi LR, Riolo F, Vleminckx C. Update of the scientific opinion on tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and its derivatives in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8859. [PMID: 39010865 PMCID: PMC11247339 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and five derivatives in food. Neurotoxicity and carcinogenicity were considered as the critical effects of TBBPA in rodent studies. The available evidence indicates that the carcinogenicity of TBBPA occurs via non-genotoxic mechanisms. Taking into account the new data, the CONTAM Panel considered it appropriate to set a tolerable daily intake (TDI). Based on decreased interest in social interaction in male mice, a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 0.2 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day was identified and selected as the reference point for the risk characterisation. Applying the default uncertainty factor of 100 for inter- and intraspecies variability, and a factor of 3 to extrapolate from the LOAEL to NOAEL, a TDI for TBBPA of 0.7 μg/kg bw per day was established. Around 2100 analytical results for TBBPA in food were used to estimate dietary exposure for the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary LB exposure to TBBPA were fish and seafood, meat and meat products and milk and dairy products. The exposure estimates to TBBPA were all below the TDI, including those estimated for breastfed and formula-fed infants. Accounting for the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the CONTAM Panel concluded with 90%-95% certainty that the current dietary exposure to TBBPA does not raise a health concern for any of the population groups considered. There were insufficient data on the toxicity of any of the TBBPA derivatives to derive reference points, or to allow a comparison with TBBPA that would support assignment to an assessment group for the purposes of combined risk assessment.
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2
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Lima GDS, Pereira I, Maciel LIL, Lima NM, Araujo GL, de Aguiar DVA, Dos Santos GF, Vaz BG. Combining LAESI Imaging and Tissue Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry To Unveil Pesticides Contaminants in Fruits. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2461-2468. [PMID: 37804228 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for developing a strategy to analyze the penetration of pesticides in cultures during postharvest control with minimal or no sample preparation. This study explores the combined use of laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (LAESI imaging) and tissue spray ionization mass spectrometry (TSI-MS) to investigate the penetration of thiabendazole (TBZ) in fruits, simulating a postharvest procedure. Slices of guava and apple were prepared, and an infrared laser beam was used, resulting in the ablation of TBZ directly ionized by electrospray and analyzed by mass spectrometry. The experiments were conducted for 5 days of fruit storage after TBZ administration to simulate a postharvest treatment. During postharvest treatment, TBZ is applied directly to the fruit peel after harvesting. Consequently, TBZ residues may remain on the peel if the consumer does not wash the fruit properly before its consumption. To evaluate the effectiveness of household washing procedures, TSI-MS was employed as a rapid and straightforward technique to monitor the remaining amount of TBZ in guava and apple peels following fruit washing. This study highlights the advantages of LAESI imaging for evaluating TBZ penetration in fruits. Moreover, the powerful capabilities of TSI-MS are demonstrated in monitoring and estimating TBZ residues after pesticide application, enabling the comprehensive unveiling of pesticide contaminants in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Pereira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiánia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9R 5S5, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiánia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
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3
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Caleb Bagley M, Garrard KP, Muddiman DC. The development and application of matrix assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization: The teenage years. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:35-66. [PMID: 34028071 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the past 15 years, ambient ionization techniques have witnessed a significant incursion into the field of mass spectrometry imaging, demonstrating their ability to provide complementary information to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization. Matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization is one such technique that has evolved since its first demonstrations with ultraviolet lasers coupled to Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers to extensive use with infrared lasers coupled to orbitrap-based mass spectrometers. Concurrently, there have been transformative developments of this imaging platform due to the high level of control the principal group has retained over the laser technology, data acquisition software (RastirX), instrument communication, and image processing software (MSiReader). This review will discuss the developments of MALDESI since its first laboratory demonstration in 2005 to the most recent advances in 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Caleb Bagley
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth P Garrard
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- The Precision Engineering Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Molecular Education, Technology, and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Molecular Education, Technology, and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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4
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Steven RT, Niehaus M, Taylor AJ, Nasif A, Elia E, Goodwin RJA, Takats Z, Bunch J. Atmospheric-Pressure Infrared Laser-Ablation Plasma-Postionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) and Fresh-Frozen Tissue Sections with No Sample Preparation. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9970-9974. [PMID: 35798333 PMCID: PMC9310026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Mass spectrometry
imaging (MSI) encompasses a powerful suit of
techniques which provide spatially resolved atomic and molecular information
from almost any sample type. MSI is now widely used in preclinical
research to provide insight into metabolic phenotypes of disease.
Typically, fresh-frozen tissue preparations are considered optimal
for biological MSI and other traditional preservation methods such
as formalin fixation, alone or with paraffin embedding (FFPE), are
considered less optimal or even incompatible. Due to the prevalence
of FFPE tissue storage, particularly for rare and therefore high-value
tissue samples, there is substantial motivation for optimizing MSI
methods for analysis of FFPE tissue. Here, we present a novel modality,
atmospheric-pressure infrared laser-ablation plasma postionization
(AP-IR-LA-PPI), with the first proof-of-concept examples of MSI for
FFPE and fresh-frozen tissues, with no post-sectioning sample preparation.
We present ion images from FFPE and fresh tissues in positive and
negative ion modes. Molecular annotations (via the Metaspace annotation
engine) and on-tissue MS/MS provide additional confidence that the
detected ions arise from a broad range of metabolite and lipid classes
from both FFPE and fresh-frozen tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory T Steven
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW12 0WL, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Niehaus
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW12 0WL, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J Taylor
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW12 0WL, United Kingdom
| | - Ammar Nasif
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW12 0WL, United Kingdom
| | - Efstathios Elia
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW12 0WL, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J A Goodwin
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0WG, United Kingdom.,Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.,Biological Mass Spectrometry, Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QS, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Bunch
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW12 0WL, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.,Biological Mass Spectrometry, Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QS, United Kingdom
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5
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Chen Y, Pu Q, Yu F, Ding X, Sun Y, Guo Q, Shi J, Zhang J, Abliz Z. Comprehensive quantitative method for neurotransmitters to study the activity of a sedative-hypnotic candidate using microdialysis and LC×LC-MS/MS. Talanta 2022; 245:123418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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DeLaney K, Phetsanthad A, Li L. ADVANCES IN HIGH-RESOLUTION MALDI MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR NEUROBIOLOGY. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:194-214. [PMID: 33165982 PMCID: PMC8106695 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Research in the field of neurobiology and neurochemistry has seen a rapid expansion in the last several years due to advances in technologies and instrumentation, facilitating the detection of biomolecules critical to the complex signaling of neurons. Part of this growth has been due to the development and implementation of high-resolution Fourier transform (FT) mass spectrometry (MS), as is offered by FT ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) and Orbitrap mass analyzers, which improves the accuracy of measurements and helps resolve the complex biological mixtures often analyzed in the nervous system. The coupling of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) with high-resolution MS has drastically expanded the information that can be obtained with these complex samples. This review discusses notable technical developments in MALDI-FTICR and MALDI-Orbitrap platforms and their applications toward molecules in the nervous system, including sequence elucidation and profiling with de novo sequencing, analysis of post-translational modifications, in situ analysis, key advances in sample preparation and handling, quantitation, and imaging. Notable novel applications are also discussed to highlight key developments critical to advancing our understanding of neurobiology and providing insight into the exciting future of this field. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen DeLaney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ashley Phetsanthad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. , Phone: (608) 265-8491, Fax: (608) 262-5345., Mailing Address: 5125 Rennebohm Hall, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
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7
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Xi Y, Muddiman DC. Enhancing Metabolomic Coverage in Positive Ionization Mode Using Dicationic Reagents by Infrared Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Electrospray Ionization. Metabolites 2021; 11:810. [PMID: 34940568 PMCID: PMC8708802 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging is a powerful tool to analyze a large number of metabolites with their spatial coordinates collected throughout the sample. However, the significant differences in ionization efficiency pose a big challenge to metabolomic mass spectrometry imaging. To solve the challenge and obtain a complete data profile, researchers typically perform experiments in both positive and negative ionization modes, which is time-consuming. In this work, we evaluated the use of the dicationic reagent, 1,5-pentanediyl-bis(1-butylpyrrolidinium) difluoride (abbreviated to [C5(bpyr)2]F2) to detect a broad range of metabolites in the positive ionization mode by infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (IR-MALDESI MSI). [C5(bpyr)2]F2 at 10 µM was doped in 50% MeOH/H2O (v/v) electrospray solvent to form +1 charged adducted ions with anionic species (-1 charged) through post-electrospray ionization. This method was demonstrated with sectioned rat liver and hen ovary. A total of 73 deprotonated metabolites from rat liver tissue sections were successfully adducted with [C5(bpyr)2]2+ and putatively identified in the adducted positive ionization polarity, along with 164 positively charged metabolite ions commonly seen in positive ionization mode, which resulted in 44% increased molecular coverage. In addition, we were able to generate images of hen ovary sections showing their morphological features. Following-up tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) indicated that this dicationic reagent [C5(bpyr)2]2+ could form ionic bonds with the headgroup of glycerophospholipid ions. The addition of the dicationic reagent [C5(bpyr)2]2+ in the electrospray solvent provides a rapid and effective way to enhance the detection of metabolites in positive ionization mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xi
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - David C. Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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8
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Ding X, Liu K, Shi Z. LASER DESORPTION/ABLATION POSTIONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: RECENT PROGRESS IN BIOANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:566-605. [PMID: 32770707 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lasers have long been used in the field of mass spectrometric analysis for characterization of condensed matter. However, emission of neutrals upon laser irradiation surpasses the number of ions. Typically, only one in about one million analytes ejected by laser desorption/ablation is ionized, which has fueled the quest for postionization methods enabling ionization of desorbed neutrals to enhance mass spectrometric detection schemes. The development of postionization techniques can be an endeavor that integrates multiple disciplines involving photon energy transfer, electrochemistry, gas discharge, etc. The combination of lasers of different parameters and diverse ion sources has made laser desorption/ablation postionization (LD/API) a growing and lively research community, including two-step laser mass spectrometry, laser ablation atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry, and those coupled to ambient mass spectrometry. These hyphenated techniques have shown potentials in bioanalytical applications, with major inroads to be made in simultaneous location and quantification of pharmaceuticals, toxins, and metabolites in complex biomatrixes. This review is intended to provide a timely comprehensive view of the broadening bioanalytical applications of disparate LD/API techniques. We also have attempted to discuss these applications according to the classifications based on the postionization methods and to encapsulate the latest achievements in the field of LD/API by highlighting some of the very best reports in the 21st century. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelu Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Zhenyan Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
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9
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Shariatgorji R, Nilsson A, Fridjonsdottir E, Strittmatter N, Dannhorn A, Svenningsson P, Goodwin RJA, Odell LR, Andrén PE. Spatial visualization of comprehensive brain neurotransmitter systems and neuroactive substances by selective in situ chemical derivatization mass spectrometry imaging. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:3298-3321. [PMID: 34075230 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecule-specific techniques such as MALDI and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging enable direct and simultaneous mapping of biomolecules in tissue sections in a single experiment. However, neurotransmitter imaging in the complex environment of biological samples remains challenging. Our covalent charge-tagging approach using on-tissue chemical derivatization of primary and secondary amines and phenolic hydroxyls enables comprehensive mapping of neurotransmitter networks. Here, we present robust and easy-to-use chemical derivatization protocols that facilitate quantitative and simultaneous molecular imaging of complete neurotransmitter systems and drugs in diverse biological tissue sections with high lateral resolution. This is currently not possible with any other imaging technique. The protocol, using fluoromethylpyridinium and pyrylium reagents, describes all steps from tissue preparation (~1 h), chemical derivatization (1-2 h), data collection (timing depends on the number of samples and lateral resolution) and data analysis and interpretation. The specificity of the chemical reaction can also help users identify unknown chemical identities. Our protocol can reveal the cellular locations in which signaling molecules act and thus shed light on the complex responses that occur after the administration of drugs or during the course of a disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shariatgorji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elva Fridjonsdottir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicole Strittmatter
- Imaging & Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andreas Dannhorn
- Imaging & Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard J A Goodwin
- Imaging & Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luke R Odell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per E Andrén
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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10
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Zemaitis KJ, Izydorczak AM, Thompson AC, Wood TD. Streamlined Multimodal DESI and MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging on a Singular Dual-Source FT-ICR Mass Spectrometer. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040253. [PMID: 33923908 PMCID: PMC8073082 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of biological specimens by mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has had a profound influence in the various forms of spatial-omics over the past two decades including applications for the identification of clinical biomarker analysis; the metabolic fingerprinting of disease states; treatment with therapeutics; and the profiling of lipids, peptides and proteins. No singular approach is able to globally map all biomolecular classes simultaneously. This led to the development of many complementary multimodal imaging approaches to solve analytical problems: fusing multiple ionization techniques, imaging microscopy or spectroscopy, or local extractions into robust multimodal imaging methods. However, each fusion typically requires the melding of analytical information from multiple commercial platforms, and the tandem utilization of multiple commercial or third-party software platforms—even in some cases requiring computer coding. Herein, we report the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) in tandem with desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) imaging in the positive ion mode on a singular commercial orthogonal dual-source Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) instrument for the complementary detection of multiple analyte classes by MSI from tissue. The DESI source was 3D printed and the commercial Bruker Daltonics software suite was used to generate mass spectrometry images in tandem with the commercial MALDI source. This approach allows for the generation of multiple modes of mass spectrometry images without the need for third-party software and a customizable platform for ambient ionization imaging. Highlighted is the streamlined workflow needed to obtain phospholipid profiles, as well as increased depth of coverage of both annotated phospholipid, cardiolipin, and ganglioside species from rat brain with both high spatial and mass resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Zemaitis
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (K.J.Z.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Alexandra M. Izydorczak
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (K.J.Z.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Alexis C. Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Park Hall, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;
| | - Troy D. Wood
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (K.J.Z.); (A.M.I.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Taylor M, Lukowski JK, Anderton CR. Spatially Resolved Mass Spectrometry at the Single Cell: Recent Innovations in Proteomics and Metabolomics. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:872-894. [PMID: 33656885 PMCID: PMC8033567 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems are composed of heterogeneous populations of cells that intercommunicate to form a functional living tissue. Biological function varies greatly across populations of cells, as each single cell has a unique transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome that translates to functional differences within single species and across kingdoms. Over the past decade, substantial advancements in our ability to characterize omic profiles on a single cell level have occurred, including in multiple spectroscopic and mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques. Of these technologies, spatially resolved mass spectrometry approaches, including mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), have shown the most progress for single cell proteomics and metabolomics. For example, reporter-based methods using heavy metal tags have allowed for targeted MS investigation of the proteome at the subcellular level, and development of technologies such as laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LAESI-MS) now mean that dynamic metabolomics can be performed in situ. In this Perspective, we showcase advancements in single cell spatial metabolomics and proteomics over the past decade and highlight important aspects related to high-throughput screening, data analysis, and more which are vital to the success of achieving proteomic and metabolomic profiling at the single cell scale. Finally, using this broad literature summary, we provide a perspective on how the next decade may unfold in the area of single cell MS-based proteomics and metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
J. Taylor
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jessica K. Lukowski
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Christopher R. Anderton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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12
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Applications of stable isotopes in MALDI imaging: current approaches and an eye on the future. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2637-2653. [PMID: 33532914 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) is now an established imaging modality with particular utility in the study of biological, biomedical and pathological processes. In the first instance, the use of stable isotopically labelled (SIL) compounds in MALDI-IMS has addressed technical barriers to increase the accuracy and versatility of this technique. This has undoubtedly enhanced our ability to interpret the two-dimensional ion intensity distributions produced from biological tissue sections. Furthermore, studies using delivery of SIL compounds to live tissues have begun to decipher cell, tissue and inter-tissue metabolism while maintaining spatial resolution. Here, we review both the technical and biological applications of SIL compounds in MALDI-IMS, before using the uptake and metabolism of glucose in bovine ocular lens tissue to illustrate the current limitations of SIL compound use in MALDI-IMS. Finally, we highlight recent instrumentation advances that may further enhance our ability to use SIL compounds in MALDI-IMS to understand biological and pathological processes. Graphical Abstract.
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13
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Bai H, Linder KE, Muddiman DC. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of lipids in skin tissues with infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (MALDESI) mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2793-2801. [PMID: 33388847 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has become a growing frontier as it has the potential to provide a 3D representation of analytes in a label-free, untargeted, and chemically specific manner. The most common 3D MSI is accomplished by the reconstruction of 2D MSI from serial cryosections; however, this presents significant challenges in image alignment and registration. An alternative method would be to sequentially image a sample by consecutive ablation events to create a 3D image. In this study, we describe the use of infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) in ablation-based 3D MSI for analyses of lipids within fresh frozen skin tissue. Depth resolution using different laser energy levels was explored with a confocal laser scanning microscope to establish the imaging parameters for skin. The lowest and highest laser energy level resulted in a depth resolution of 7 μm and 18 μm, respectively. A total of 594 lipids were putatively detected and detailed lipid profiles across different skin layers were revealed in a 56-layer 3D imaging experiment. Correlated with histological information, the skin structure was characterized with differential lipid distributions with a lateral resolution of 50 μm and a z resolution of 7 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Bai
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Keith E Linder
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA. .,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA. .,Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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14
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Hieta JP, Kopra J, Räikkönen H, Kauppila TJ, Kostiainen R. Sub-100 μm Spatial Resolution Ambient Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Rodent Brain with Laser Ablation Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization (LAAPPI) and Laser Ablation Electrospray Ionization (LAESI). Anal Chem 2020; 92:13734-13741. [PMID: 32930596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we applied a new IR laser-beam-focusing technique to enable sub-100 μm spatial resolution in laser ablation atmospheric pressure photoionization (LAAPPI) and laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). After optimization of operational parameters, both LAAPPI- and LAESI-MSI with a spatial resolution of 70 μm produced high-quality MS images, which allowed accurate localization of metabolites and lipids in the mouse and rat brain. Negative and positive ion LAAPPI- and LAESI-MS detected many of the same metabolites and lipids in the brain. Many compounds were also detected either by LAAPPI- or LAESI-MS, indicating that LAAPPI and LAESI are more complementary than alternative methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha-Pekka Hieta
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kopra
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Räikkönen
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina J Kauppila
- Finnish Institute for the Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (VERIFIN), Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto Kostiainen
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Pace CL, Horman B, Patisaul H, Muddiman DC. Analysis of neurotransmitters in rat placenta exposed to flame retardants using IR-MALDESI mass spectrometry imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3745-3752. [PMID: 32300844 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exposures can adversely impact fetal development. For many compounds, including common flame retardants, the mechanisms by which this occurs remain unclear, but emerging evidence suggests that disruption at the level of the placenta may play a role. Understanding how the placenta might be vulnerable to chemical exposures is challenging due to its complex structure. The primary objective of this study was to develop a method for detecting placental neurotransmitters and related metabolites without chemical derivatization so changes in the abundance and spatial distribution of neurotransmitters in rat placenta following chemical exposure could be determined using infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) mass spectrometry imaging. Without chemical derivatization, 49 neurotransmitters and their related metabolites were putatively identified in untreated rat placenta sections using mass measurement accuracy and spectral accuracy. A few neurotransmitters were less abundant in placentas that were exposed to various flame retardants and were further investigated by KEGG metabolic pathway analysis. Many of these downregulated neurotransmitters shared the same enzyme responsible for metabolism, aromaticl-amino acid decarboxylase, suggesting a mechanistic role. These data constitute a new approach that could help identify novel mechanisms of toxicity in complex tissues. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L Pace
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Brian Horman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Heather Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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16
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Ekelöf M, Dodds J, Khodjaniyazova S, Garrard KP, Baker ES, Muddiman DC. Coupling IR-MALDESI with Drift Tube Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry for High-Throughput Screening and Imaging Applications. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:642-650. [PMID: 31971795 PMCID: PMC7263366 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Because of its high degree of selectivity and chemical resolution, mass spectrometry (MS) is rapidly becoming the analytical method of choice for high-throughput evaluations and clinical diagnostics. While advances in MS resolving power have increased by an order of magnitude over the past decade, advances in sample introduction are still needed for high-throughput screening applications where the time frame of chromatographic separation would limit the duty cycle. Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) is an ambient ionization source that has been shown to be applicable for direct analyses and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of complex biological samples in a high-throughput manner. To increase a range of detectable features in IR-MALDESI experiments, we integrated the home-built ion source with a commercially available drift tube ion mobility spectrometer-mass spectrometer (IMS-MS) and analyzed small polar molecules, lipids, carbohydrates, and intact proteins. We also describe in detail how the pulsed ionization source was synchronized with IMS-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Måns Ekelöf
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - James Dodds
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Sitora Khodjaniyazova
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Kenneth P Garrard
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Precision Engineering Consortium, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Erin S Baker
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - David C Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Molecular Education, Technology, and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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17
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Bai H, Khodjaniyazova S, Garrard KP, Muddiman DC. Three-Dimensional Imaging with Infrared Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:292-297. [PMID: 32031410 PMCID: PMC8284694 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging as a field has pushed its frontiers to three dimensions. Most three-dimensional mass spectrometry imaging (3D MSI) approaches require serial sectioning that results in a loss of biological information between analyzed slices and difficulty in reconstruction of 3D images. In this contribution, infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) was demonstrated to be applicable for 3D MSI that does not require sectioning because IR laser ablates material on a micrometer scale. A commercially available over-the-counter pharmaceutical was used as a model to demonstrate the feasibility of IR-MALDESI for 3D MSI. Depth resolution (i.e., z-resolution) as a function of laser energy levels and density of ablated material was investigated. The best achievable depth resolution from a pill was 2.3 μm at 0.3 mJ/pulse. 2D and 3D MSI were performed on the tablet to show the distribution of pill-specific molecules. A 3D MSI analysis on a region of interest of 15 × 15 voxels across 50 layers was performed. Our results demonstrate that IR-MALDESI is feasible with 3D MSI on a pill, and future work will be focused on analyses of biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Bai
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Kenneth P. Garrard
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry
- Precision Engineering Consortium
| | - David C. Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry
- Molecular Education, Technology, and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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18
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Caleb Bagley M, Ekelöf M, Muddiman DC. Determination of Optimal Electrospray Parameters for Lipidomics in Infrared-Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:319-325. [PMID: 32031399 PMCID: PMC10861021 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (IR-MALDESI) is an ambient mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) technique that relies on electrospray ionization (ESI) for ion generation of desorbed neutrals. Although many mechanisms in IR-MALDESI have been studied in depth, there has not yet been a comprehensive study of how the ESI parameters change the profiles of tissue specific lipids. Acetonitrile (ACN)/water and methanol (MeOH)/water solvent systems and compositions were varied across a series of applied ESI voltages during IR-MALDESI analysis of rat liver tissue. Gradients of 12 min were run from 5 to 95% organic solvent in both positive and negative polarities across 11 voltages between 2.25 and 4.5 kV. These experiments informed longer gradients (25-30 min) across shorter solvent gradient ranges with fewer voltages. Optimal ESI parameters for lipidomics were determined by the number and abundance of detected lipids and the relative proportion of background ions. In positive polarity, the best solvent composition was 60-75% ACN/40-25% H2O with 0.2% formic acid at 3.2 kV applied voltage. The best parameters for negative polarity analysis are 45-55% ACN/55-45% H2O with 1 mM of acetic acid for voltages between 2.25 and 3.2 kV. Using these defined parameters, IR-MALDESI positive polarity lipidomics studies can increase lipid abundances 3-fold, with 15% greater coverage, while an abundance increase of 1.5-fold and 10% more coverage can be achieved relative to commonly used parameters in negative polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Caleb Bagley
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Måns Ekelöf
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - David C. Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
- Molecular Education, Technology, and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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19
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Shariatgorji M, Nilsson A, Fridjonsdottir E, Vallianatou T, Källback P, Katan L, Sävmarker J, Mantas I, Zhang X, Bezard E, Svenningsson P, Odell LR, Andrén PE. Comprehensive mapping of neurotransmitter networks by MALDI-MS imaging. Nat Methods 2019; 16:1021-1028. [PMID: 31548706 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-019-0551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We present a mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) approach for the comprehensive mapping of neurotransmitter networks in specific brain regions. Our fluoromethylpyridinium-based reactive matrices facilitate the covalent charge-tagging of molecules containing phenolic hydroxyl and/or primary or secondary amine groups, including dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitters and their associated metabolites. These matrices improved the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MSI detection limit toward low-abundance neurotransmitters and facilitated the simultaneous imaging of neurotransmitters in fine structures of the brain at a lateral resolution of 10 µm. We demonstrate strategies for the identification of unknown molecular species using the innate chemoselectivity of the reactive matrices and the unique isotopic pattern of a brominated reactive matrix. We illustrate the capabilities of the developed method on Parkinsonian brain samples from human post-mortem tissue and animal models. The direct imaging of neurotransmitter systems provides a method for exploring how various neurological diseases affect specific brain regions through neurotransmitter modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Shariatgorji
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, National Resource for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, National Resource for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elva Fridjonsdottir
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Theodosia Vallianatou
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Källback
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luay Katan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Sävmarker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Mantas
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoqun Zhang
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luke R Odell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Per E Andrén
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Science for Life Laboratory, National Resource for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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