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Kotsou K, Chatzimitakos T, Athanasiadis V, Bozinou E, Lalas SI. Exploiting Agri-Food Waste as Feed for Tenebrio molitor Larvae Rearing: A Review. Foods 2024; 13:1027. [PMID: 38611333 PMCID: PMC11011778 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The agri-food industry generates substantial amounts of waste, including by-products and residues. The increasing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly practices in the agri-food sector has sparked an interest in finding alternative uses for such waste materials. One promising approach is the utilization of waste from the agri-food industry as feed for the rearing of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor). Since agri-food waste is rich in proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and vitamins, as well as other bioactive compounds, all of which are essential for insect growth and development, incorporating such waste into the diet of mealworms promotes sustainable insect production, reducing the economic and environmental problems associated with waste disposal. This practice can also be beneficial for the rearing of mealworms since their nutritional value can also be enhanced. To this end, various waste materials, such as fruit and vegetable peels, spent grains, and food processing residues, have been investigated as potential feed sources, leading to increased mass production, lower cost, and enhanced nutritional value. This review aims to highlight the potential of agri-food waste as a feed source for mealworms, as well as their potential to enhance their nutritional value. Furthermore, the potential applications of mealworms reared on agri-food waste are highlighted, including their potential as a sustainable protein source for human consumption and as feed ingredients in the livestock and aquaculture sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Kotsou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Terma N. Temponera Str., 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (T.C.); (V.A.); (E.B.); (S.I.L.)
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Chiș A, Noubissi PA, Pop OL, Mureșan CI, Fokam Tagne MA, Kamgang R, Fodor A, Sitar-Tăut AV, Cozma A, Orășan OH, Hegheș SC, Vulturar R, Suharoschi R. Bioactive Compounds in Moringa oleifera: Mechanisms of Action, Focus on Their Anti-Inflammatory Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:20. [PMID: 38202328 PMCID: PMC10780634 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is a tropical tree native to Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan; it is cultivated for its nutritious leaves, pods, and seeds. This scientific study was conducted to outline the anti-inflammatory properties and mechanisms of action of bioactive compounds from M. oleifera. The existing research has found that the plant is used in traditional medicine due to its bioactive compounds, including phytochemicals: flavonoids and polyphenols. The compounds are thought to exert their anti-inflammatory effects due to: (1) inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzymes: quercetin and kaempferol inhibit the pro-inflammatory enzymes (cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase); (2) regulation of cytokine production: isothiocyanates modulate signaling pathways involved in inflammation, such as the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) pathway; isothiocyanates inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α) and IL-1β (interleukin-1β); and (3) antioxidant activity: M. oleifera contains flavonoids, polyphenols, known to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. The review includes M. oleifera's effects on cardiovascular protection, anti-hypertensive activities, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This research could prove valuable for exploring the pharmacological potential of M. oleifera and contributing to the prospects of developing effective medicines for the benefit of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Chiș
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur St, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (R.V.)
| | - Paul Aimé Noubissi
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (P.A.N.); (R.K.)
| | - Oana-Lelia Pop
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.-L.P.); (R.S.)
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Lab, CDS3, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Ioana Mureșan
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.-L.P.); (R.S.)
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Lab, CDS3, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Michel Archange Fokam Tagne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré P.O. Box 454, Cameroon;
| | - René Kamgang
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (P.A.N.); (R.K.)
| | - Adriana Fodor
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2-4 Clinicilor St., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adela-Viviana Sitar-Tăut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-V.S.-T.); (A.C.); (O.H.O.)
| | - Angela Cozma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-V.S.-T.); (A.C.); (O.H.O.)
| | - Olga Hilda Orășan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-V.S.-T.); (A.C.); (O.H.O.)
| | - Simona Codruța Hegheș
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romana Vulturar
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur St, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (R.V.)
| | - Ramona Suharoschi
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.-L.P.); (R.S.)
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Lab, CDS3, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Koriyama T, Saikawa M, Kurosu Y, Kumagai M, Hosoya T. Effects of Roasting on the Quality of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder and Loaf Volume of Moringa oleifera-Supplemented Bread. Foods 2023; 12:3760. [PMID: 37893654 PMCID: PMC10605988 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a decrease in bread volume on adding nutrient-rich Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MLP) is known, to our knowledge, improving the swelling of MLP-added bread has not been attempted. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MLP and roasted MLP (RMLP) on bread quality. Bread was supplemented with MLP and RMLP treated at varying temperatures and times; the baked bread was then biochemically evaluated relative to the control. The specific volume of MLP-supplemented bread was 2.4 cm3/g, which increased to >4.0 cm3/g on using MLP roasted at 130 °C for ≥20 min, demonstrating remarkable swelling. The specific volume of bread supplemented with MLP roasted at 170 °C for 20 min was 4.6 cm3/g, similar to that of the control. Additionally, MLP interfered with carbon dioxide production in bread, thus decreasing the abundance of yeast cells; however, RMLP had no such effect and allowed normal fermentation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed gluten formation independent of MLP roasting. Thus, MLP-containing breads generally exhibit suppressed fermentation and expansion due to the bactericidal properties of raw MLP, but these effects are alleviated by heat treatment. These findings highlight the importance of heat treatment in mitigating the effects of MLP on bread fermentation and swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Koriyama
- Faculty of Food and Nutritional Science, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Mika Saikawa
- Faculty of Food and Nutritional Science, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Yuria Kurosu
- Faculty of Food and Nutritional Science, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Michiyo Kumagai
- Tokyo Seiei College, 1-4-6 Nishishinkoiwa, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 124-8530, Japan;
| | - Takahiro Hosoya
- Faculty of Food and Nutritional Science, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.K.); (T.H.)
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Kotsou K, Chatzimitakos T, Athanasiadis V, Bozinou E, Rumbos CI, Athanassiou CG, Lalas SI. Enhancing the Nutritional Profile of Tenebrio molitor Using the Leaves of Moringa oleifera. Foods 2023; 12:2612. [PMID: 37444350 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, more and more research is being carried out on various feeds of Tenebrio molitor larvae, in order to increase their nutritional value and render them a valuable component of the human diet. In this study, Moringa oleifera leaves were used in different proportions (up to 50%) to substitute wheat bran (the usually employed feed), in order to evaluate their effect on the growth and development of the larvae, as well as on their composition in crude protein, fat and fatty acids, ash, vitamins, and antioxidants. It was found that the addition of M. oleifera leaves in the feed had no negative impact on the development and survival of the insects, while an increase in their nutritional value was recorded. More specifically, an increase in the crude protein of up to 22.61% and vitamin C and A contents of up to 40.74% and 491.63%, respectively, was recorded. Therefore, the use of M. oleifera leaves as a feed additive is highly recommended for rearing T. molitor larvae to enhance the nutritional value of the insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Kotsou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Terma N. Temponera Str., 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Theodoros Chatzimitakos
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Terma N. Temponera Str., 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Vassilis Athanasiadis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Terma N. Temponera Str., 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Eleni Bozinou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Terma N. Temponera Str., 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Christos I Rumbos
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Christos G Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Stavros I Lalas
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Terma N. Temponera Str., 43100 Karditsa, Greece
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Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Esquivel P, Rodriguez-Amaya DB. Comprehensive review on carotenoid composition: Transformations during processing and storage of foods. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112773. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Xu Y, Chen G, Muema FW, Xiao J, Guo M. Most Recent Research Progress in Moringa oleifera: Bioactive Phytochemicals and Their Correlated Health Promoting Effects. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2195189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Pareek A, Pant M, Gupta MM, Kashania P, Ratan Y, Jain V, Pareek A, Chuturgoon AA. Moringa oleifera: An Updated Comprehensive Review of Its Pharmacological Activities, Ethnomedicinal, Phytopharmaceutical Formulation, Clinical, Phytochemical, and Toxicological Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032098. [PMID: 36768420 PMCID: PMC9916933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera, also known as the "tree of life" or "miracle tree," is classified as an important herbal plant due to its immense medicinal and non-medicinal benefits. Traditionally, the plant is used to cure wounds, pain, ulcers, liver disease, heart disease, cancer, and inflammation. This review aims to compile an analysis of worldwide research, pharmacological activities, phytochemical, toxicological, and ethnomedicinal updates of Moringa oleifera and also provide insight into its commercial and phytopharmaceutical applications with a motive to help further research. The scientific information on this plant was obtained from various sites and search engines such as Scopus, Pub Med, Science Direct, BMC, Google Scholar, and other scientific databases. Articles available in the English language have only been referred for review. The pharmacological studies confirm the hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory potential of the extracts from the various plant parts. It was found that bioactive constituents are present in every part of the plant. So far, more than one hundred compounds from different parts of Moringa oleifera have been characterized, including alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, vitamins, glycosides, and terpenes. In addition, novel isolates such as muramoside A&B and niazimin A&B have been identified in the plant and have potent antioxidant, anticancer, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, and nutritional effects. The traditional and nontraditional use of Moringa, its pharmacological effects and their phytopharmaceutical formulations, clinical studies, toxicity profile, and various other uses are recognized in the present review. However, several traditional uses have yet to be scientifically explored. Therefore, further studies are proposed to explore the mechanistic approach of the plant to identify and isolate active or synergistic compounds behind its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.A.C.)
| | - Malvika Pant
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Madan Mohan Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 3303, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Pushpa Kashania
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yashumati Ratan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vivek Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aaushi Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anil A. Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.A.C.)
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Profiling of Nutritionally Vital Bioactive Compounds in Emerging Green Leafy Vegetables: A Comparative Study. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233867. [PMID: 36496677 PMCID: PMC9736515 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Green leafy vegetables (GLVs), especially lettuce and spinach, are the key source of bioactive antioxidants in a diet. This research compared the contents and composition of lettuce and spinach bioactive compounds with emerging GLVs, moringa and fenugreek. Liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) with single ion monitoring (SIM) was used to examine carotenoids and tocols, while phytosterols were examined using gas chromatography (GC)-MS. Among the studied GLVs, the (all-E)-lutein was the most dominating carotenoid ranging between 31.3 (green/red lettuce)−45.3 % (fenugreek) of total carotenoids, followed by (all-E)-violaxanthin and (all-E)-β-carotene. Surprisingly, (all-E)-β-carotene, a provitamin A carotenoid, was the second most dominating carotenoid in moringa, accounting for 109.2 µg/g fresh weight (FW). Moreover, the significantly highest (p < 0.05; Tukey HSD) contents of total carotenoids (473.3 µg/g FW), α-tocopherol (83.7 µg/g FW), and total phytosterols (206.4 µg/g FW) were recorded in moringa. Therefore, moringa foliage may serve as an affordable source of nutritionally vital constituents in a diet.
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Pop OL, Kerezsi AD, Ciont (Nagy) C. A Comprehensive Review of Moringa oleifera Bioactive Compounds-Cytotoxicity Evaluation and Their Encapsulation. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233787. [PMID: 36496595 PMCID: PMC9737119 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera Lam. has gained a lot of attention due to its potential use as a functional food not only for human health but also for animal health. Its bioactive molecules include carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, fatty acids, essential amino acids, and functional peptides. Despite significant efforts to isolate and characterize bioactive metabolites with health functions, few effective metabolites are accessible. The current review aims to describe the main processes for extracting and encapsulating bioactive compounds from Moringa oleifera for potential impact on food science and public health. Researchers have shown that different extraction techniques significantly impact the Moringa polysaccharides' molecular structure and biological activity. Encapsulation has been proposed to reduce oxidative stability and entrap active agents within a carrier material to deliver bioactive molecules into foods. Currently, polysaccharides and proteins, followed by lipids, are used for material encapsulation. Recent techniques include spray drying, cross-linking gelation, freeze-drying, nanoencapsulation, electrospinning, and electrospraying. Moreover, these encapsulations can overlap concerns regarding the Moringa oleifera compounds' cytotoxicity. Future studies should prioritize the effect of new encapsulation materials on Moringa extract and develop new techniques that consider both encapsulation cost and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Lelia Pop
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Lab, CDS3, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (O.L.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Andreea Diana Kerezsi
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Department of Food Science and Formulation, University of Liège, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Călina Ciont (Nagy)
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Lab, CDS3, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (O.L.P.); (C.C.)
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Effects of Fortified Laying Hen Diet with Moringa oleifera Leaves and Goji Berries on Cholesterol and Carotenoid Egg Content. Foods 2022. [PMCID: PMC9602335 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The biofortification of basal laying hen feed with natural matrices can improve the beneficial potential of eggs produced without relying on artificial fortification. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of hen diet supplementation with dried Moringa leaves (DML) and goji berries (DGB) on egg functional properties in terms of cholesterol and carotenoid content. Forty Lohman Brown Classic laying hens were randomly divided into four groups. The control group (G1) received the basal poultry diet, group G2 received a diet with 5% DML + 10% DGB, group G3 received a diet with 3% DML + 7% DGB, and group G4 received a diet with 15% DML. HPLC-DAD analysis showed that feed supplementation positively influenced the egg carotenoid content, with a valuable increase in xanthophylls concentration, especially lutein (+333.24% in G4, +258.15% in G2, +189.24% in G3, compared to G1). The same trend was also followed by the β-carotene concentration (+181.38% in G3 and +116.01% in G4, compared to G1). Furthermore, the eggs obtained from G3 showed the lowest cholesterol content (−47.08%). Additionally, the performed antioxidant assays showed maximum activity in G2 (+39.11 compared to G1 for the DPPH test) and in G4 (+31.11 compared to G1 for the ABTS test). In conclusion, the G2 experimental diet could be potentially used in poultry industries to produce “functional eggs”.
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Wen Lee H, Bi X, Jeyakumar Henry C. Carotenoids, tocopherols and phylloquinone content of 26 green leafy vegetables commonly consumed in Southeast Asia. Food Chem 2022; 385:132729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Anthocyanins, Carotenoids and Chlorophylls in Edible Plant Leaves Unveiled by Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131924. [PMID: 35804744 PMCID: PMC9265259 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural pigments are a quite relevant group of molecules that are widely distributed in nature, possessing a significant role in our daily lives. Besides their colors, natural pigments are currently recognized as having relevant biological properties associated with health benefits, such as anti-tumor, anti-atherogenicity, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory activities, among others. Some of these compounds are easily associated with specific fruits (such as blueberries with anthocyanins, red pitaya with betalain or tomato with lycopene), vegetables (carrots with carotenoids), plant leaves (chlorophylls in green leaves or carotenoids in yellow and red autumn leaves) and even the muscle tissue of vertebrates (such as myoglobin). Despite being less popular as natural pigment sources, edible plant leaves possess a high variety of chlorophylls, as well as a high variety of carotenoids and anthocyanins. The purpose of this review is to critically analyze the whole workflow employed to identify and quantify the most common natural pigments (anthocyanin, carotenoids and chlorophylls) in edible plant leaves using tandem mass spectrometry. Across the literature there, is a lack of consistency in the methods used to extract and analyze these compounds, and this review aims to surpass this issue. Additionally, mass spectrometry has stood out in the context of metabolomics, currently being a widely employed technique in this field. For the three pigments classes, the following steps will be scrutinized: (i) sample pre-preparation, including the solvents and extraction conditions; (ii) details of the chromatographic separation and mass spectrometry experiments (iii) pigment identification and quantification.
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Giuberti G, Rocchetti G, Montesano D, Lucini L. The potential of Moringa oleifera in food formulation: a promising source of functional compounds with health-promoting properties. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Milla PG, Peñalver R, Nieto G. Health Benefits of Uses and Applications of Moringa oleifera in Bakery Products. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020318. [PMID: 33562157 PMCID: PMC7915875 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera belongs to the Moringaceae family and is the best known of the native Moringa oleifera genus. For centuries, it has been used as a system of Ayurvedic and Unani medicine and has a wide range of nutritional and bioactive compounds, including proteins, essential amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, fibre, vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds, phytosterols and others. These characteristics allow it to have pharmacological properties, including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, cardioprotective, antimicrobial and hepatoprotective properties. The entire Moringa oleifera plant is edible, including its flowers, however, it is not entirely safe, because of compounds that have been found mainly in the root and bark, so the leaf was identified as the safest. Moringa oleifera is recognised as an excellent source of phytochemicals, with potential applications in functional and medicinal food preparations due to its nutritional and medicinal properties; many authors have experimented with incorporating it mainly in biscuits, cakes, brownies, meats, juices and sandwiches. The results are fascinating, as the products increase their nutritional value; however, the concentrations cannot be high, as this affects the organoleptic characteristics of the supplemented products. The aim of this study is to review the application of Moringa oleifera in bakery products, which will allow the creation of new products that improve their nutritional and functional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula García Milla
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Espinardo, Spain; (P.G.M.); (R.P.)
- Molecular Microbiology and Food Research Laboratory, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Rocío Peñalver
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Espinardo, Spain; (P.G.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Gema Nieto
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Espinardo, Spain; (P.G.M.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-868889624; Fax: +34-868884147
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15
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Sonbarse PP, Kiran K, Sharma P, Parvatam G. Biochemical and molecular insights of PGPR application for the augmentation of carotenoids, tocopherols, and folate in the foliage of Moringa oleifera. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 179:112506. [PMID: 32920264 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) were utilized to contemplate their impact on the foliage of Moringa oleifera and examined for changes in tocopherols, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and folate in the sixth week. Among the eight treatments, Bacillus subtilis GB03, B. pumilus SE34, B. pumilus T4, and Pseudomonas fluorescens UOM14 improved α-tocopherol (10-14 fold) and β-carotene (1-1.40 fold) altogether significantly (P ≤ 0.05). The most significant improvement in folate content was apparent for B. subtilis IN937B (5.47 fold) trailed by B. pumilus SE34 (5.05 fold) and B. pumilus T4 (5.12 fold) treatments. P. fluorescens UOM14 indicated remarkable improvement in Chl a (0.39 fold) and Chl b (0.44 fold) content. Organisms showing a significant increase for the analyzed molecules in individual treatment were blended in different combinations and were used for the next set of treatments. Of all the three combinations, Combination 2 (COM2-B. pumilus SE34 + B. pumilus T4 + B. pumilus INR7) showed the maximum increase in α-tocopherol (8.46 fold) and γ-tocopherol (8.45 fold), followed by Combination 3 (COM3-B. pumilus SE34 + B. pumilus T4 + P. fluorescens UOM14) (5.93 and 3.65 fold). On the whole COM2 containing different strains of B. pumilus was found to enhance the targeted metabolites in foliage significantly. Real-time PCR studies were conducted for the biochemical pathway genes of the targeted molecules, including, γ-tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-TMT), phytoene synthase (PSY), phytoene desaturase (PDS), lycopene β cyclase (LBC) and dihydrofolate reductase thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS). All the selected genes exhibited an up-regulation compared to control, similar to the biochemical output. Our investigation provides the strong evidence that PGPR can be viably utilized in combination to enhance the quality of the food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka P Sonbarse
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India; Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
| | - Kamireddy Kiran
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India; Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
| | - Preksha Sharma
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
| | - Giridhar Parvatam
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India; Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India.
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16
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Foliar application of elicitors enhanced the yield of withanolide contents in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (variety, Poshita). 3 Biotech 2020; 10:157. [PMID: 32181119 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study involves a detailed investigation about the effect of three elicitors, such as chitosan, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid (SA) on withaferin A and withanolide A contents of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Poshita variety). Moreover, the different environmental regimes were also studied to assess and optimise the accumulation of withaferin A and Withanolide A contents. In an open environment, the total withaferin A content was found to be increased 6.3 and 5.8 times when sprayed with chitosan, 10 ppm and 50 ppm, respectively, as compared to control. Similarly, the total withanolide A content was found to be increased 4.5 and 3.6 times when sprayed with jasmonic acid (400 ppm and 200 ppm, respectively) with respect to control. In a controlled condition, the total withaferin A content was found to be increased 6 and 4.5 times when sprayed with jasmonic acid (400 ppm and 200 ppm, respectively) as compared to control. On the other hand, the total withanolide A content was found to be enhanced by 7 and 4.3 times when sprayed with jasmonic acid (400 ppm) and SA (1 ppm), respectively, as compared to control. Therefore, this study was focussed on the optimisation of enhanced accumulation of withaferin A and withanolide A contents in the aerial parts of the plant in open and controlled environment by foliar application of elicitors in minimal concentrations.
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17
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Green Chemistry Extractions of Carotenoids from Daucus carota L.-Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Enzyme-Assisted Methods. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234339. [PMID: 31783600 PMCID: PMC6930531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple reviews have been published on various aspects of carotenoid extraction. Nevertheless, none of them focused on the discussion of recent green chemistry extraction protocols, especially for the carotenoids extraction from Daucus carota L. This group of bioactive compounds has been chosen for this review since most of the scientific papers proved their antioxidant properties relevant for inflammation, stress-related disorders, cancer, or neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, such as stroke and Alzheimer's Disease. Besides, carrots constitute one of the most popular sources of carotenoids. In the presented review emphasis has been placed on the supercritical carbon dioxide and enzyme-assisted extraction techniques for the relevant tetraterpenoids. The detailed descriptions of these methods, as well as practical examples, are provided. In addition, the pros and cons of each method and comparison with the standard solvent extraction have been discussed.
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18
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Drisya Ravi RS, Siril EA, Nair BR. The effect of silver nitrate on micropropagation of Moringa oleifera Lam. an important vegetable crop of tropics with substantial nutritional value. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1311-1322. [PMID: 31564791 PMCID: PMC6745574 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An improved micropropagation protocol facilitating continuous multiplication of elite germplasm of Moringa oleifera has been developed. Initial culture of nodal explant in MS medium supplemented with 2.5 µM BA resulted in the formation of 12.5 shoots per explant with high frequency of leaf fall (84.3%). To confirm whether the leaf fall is due to accumulation of ethylene in the culture vessel, effect of ethylene releasing agent CEPA in the medium was tested. In order to reduce leaf fall and improve multiplication, varying concentration of anti-ethylene agent, AgNO3 was incorporated in the medium. Addition of 2.5 μM AgNO3 in combination with 2.5 μM BA produced maximum number of shoots (17.6) including shoots originated from the base of the explant and shoots from the axillary buds of the primary shoots, where significant reduction in leaf fall (20.6%) was noticed. This enabled sustained multiplication of M. oleifera through continuous subculture without adversely affecting shoot number or shoot quality in terms of shoot length. Microshoots obtained from fourth subculture onwards were used for ex vitro rooting and found that by treating 50 µM NAA for 30 s, maximum numbers of microshoots (83.3%) were rooted. Rooted plants were acclimatized, survived and were successfully transferred to field. Genetic fidelity analysis using 10 ISSR primers revealed more than 95% monomorphic bands among plants raised in MS medium containing low concentration (2.5 µM) of AgNO3 and BA (2.5 µM). The addition of AgNO3 in the medium sustained in vitro growth and effectively prevented leaf fall compared to control, thus demonstrating efficient micropropagation of M. oleifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. Drisya Ravi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 581 India
| | - E. A. Siril
- Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 581 India
| | - Bindu R. Nair
- Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 581 India
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Saini RK, Moon SH, Gansukh E, Keum YS. An efficient one-step scheme for the purification of major xanthophyll carotenoids from lettuce, and assessment of their comparative anticancer potential. Food Chem 2018; 266:56-65. [PMID: 30381226 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The foremost problem in carotenoid research is the excessive cost and difficulty of maintaining pure carotenoid compounds. This work presents an economical, efficient, and simplified one-step scheme for the purification of four major xanthophyll carotenoids from lettuce by utilizing preparative thin layer chromatography on Hyflo-Super-Cel: MgO (Heavy): calcium sulfate hemihydrate (9:9:2 w/w) based adsorbent. The mobile phase of acetone: hexane (1:1) provided the perfect separation of major xanthophylls, resulting in 95-96% purity after just single-step separation, with no interference from chlorophylls or other minor carotenoids. The identity of carotenoids was confirmed by absorption spectroscopy, chemical tests and APCI+-MS/MS. The proposed scheme can be used to isolate the carotenoids at the analytical and preparative scale. In anticancer studies, among four xanthophylls, 9-Z-neoxanthin was found most potent for reduction of cell viability of cervical (HeLa) and lung cancer (A549) cells, with IC50 values of 3.8 and 7.5 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - So Hyun Moon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheong-ju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Enkhtaivan Gansukh
- Department of Bioresources and Food Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Liu Y, Wang XY, Wei XM, Gao ZT, Han JP. Values, properties and utility of different parts of Moringa oleifera: An overview. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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21
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Saini RK, Keum YS. Significance of Genetic, Environmental, and Pre- and Postharvest Factors Affecting Carotenoid Contents in Crops: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5310-5324. [PMID: 29745660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are a diverse group of tetraterpenoid pigments that play indispensable roles in plants and animals. The biosynthesis of carotenoids in plants is strictly regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in accordance with inherited genetic signals and developmental requirements and in response to external environmental stimulants. The alteration in the biosynthesis of carotenoids under the influence of external environmental stimulants, such as high light, drought, salinity, and chilling stresses, has been shown to significantly influence the nutritional value of crop plants. In addition to these stimulants, several pre- and postharvesting cultivation practices significantly influence carotenoid compositions and contents. Thus, this review discusses how various environmental stimulants and pre- and postharvesting factors can be positively modulated for the enhanced biosynthesis and accumulation of carotenoids in the edible parts of crop plants, such as the leaves, roots, tubers, flowers, fruit, and seeds. In addition, future research directions in this context are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Crop Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
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22
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Wan H, Yu C, Han Y, Guo X, Ahmad S, Tang A, Wang J, Cheng T, Pan H, Zhang Q. Flavonols and Carotenoids in Yellow Petals of Rose Cultivar ( Rosa 'Sun City'): A Possible Rich Source of Bioactive Compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4171-4181. [PMID: 29618209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rose flowers have received increasing interest as rich sources of bioactive compounds. The composition of flavonols and carotenoids in yellow petals of Rosa 'Sun City' was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array and mass spectrometric detectors (HPLC-PDA-MS). In total, 19 flavonols and 16 carotenoids were identified, some of which were first discovered in rose petals. Significant changes were observed in their profiles during seven blooming stages. Total flavonol contents showed the highest levels at stage 2 (S2; 1152.29 μg/g, FW). Kaempferol 7- O-glucoside and kaempferol 3- O-rhamnoside were the predominant individual flavonols. Total carotenoid concentration was highest at S4 (142.71 μg/g, FW). Violaxanthins with different geometrical configurations appeared as the major carotenoids across all blooming stages. These results indicated that 'Sun City' petals are rich sources of flavonols and carotenoids. Moreover, it is important to choose the appropriate harvest time on the basis of the targeted compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Wan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , 100083 , China
| | - Chao Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , 100083 , China
| | - Yu Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , 100083 , China
| | - Xuelian Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , 100083 , China
| | - Sagheer Ahmad
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , 100083 , China
| | - Aoying Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , 100083 , China
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , 100083 , China
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , 100083 , China
| | - Huitang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , 100083 , China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , 100083 , China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , 100083 , China
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Abd Rani NZ, Husain K, Kumolosasi E. Moringa Genus: A Review of Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:108. [PMID: 29503616 PMCID: PMC5820334 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Moringa is a genus of medicinal plants that has been used traditionally to cure wounds and various diseases such as colds and diabetes. In addition, the genus is also consumed as a source of nutrients and widely used for purifying water. The genus consists of 13 species that have been widely cultivated throughout Asia and Africa for their multiple uses. The purpose of this review is to provide updated and categorized information on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicological research of Moringa species in order to explore their therapeutic potential and evaluate future research opportunities. The literature reviewed for this paper was obtained from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar journal papers published from 1983 to March 2017. Moringa species are well-known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antihyperglycemic activities. Most of their biological activity is caused by their high content of flavonoids, glucosides, and glucosinolates. By documenting the traditional uses and biological activities of Moringa species, we hope to support new research on these plants, especially on those species whose biological properties have not been studied to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khairana Husain
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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24
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Saini RK, Keum YS. Carotenoid extraction methods: A review of recent developments. Food Chem 2018; 240:90-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Bourekoua H, Różyło R, Gawlik-Dziki U, Benatallah L, Zidoune MN, Dziki D. Evaluation of physical, sensorial, and antioxidant properties of gluten-free bread enriched with Moringa Oleifera leaf powder. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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26
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Lalas S, Athanasiadis V, Karageorgou I, Batra G, Nanos GD, Makris DP. Nutritional Characterization of Leaves and Herbal Tea of Moringa oleifera Cultivated in Greece. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10496475.2017.1334163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Lalas
- Department of Food Technology, Technological Educational Institution of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Vasilios Athanasiadis
- Department of Food Technology, Technological Educational Institution of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
- School of Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Ioanna Karageorgou
- Department of Food Technology, Technological Educational Institution of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
- School of Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Georgia Batra
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, N. Ionia, Volos, Greece
| | - George D. Nanos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, N. Ionia, Volos, Greece
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27
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Prasanna G, Hari N, Saraswathi N. Hydroxy methoxy benzaldehyde from Sesbania grandilfora inhibits the advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-mediated fibrillation in hemoglobin. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:819-829. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1300543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Prasanna
- Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India
| | - N. Hari
- NMR Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India
| | - N.T. Saraswathi
- Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India
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Saini RK, Sivanesan I, Keum YS. Phytochemicals of Moringa oleifera: a review of their nutritional, therapeutic and industrial significance. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:203. [PMID: 28330275 PMCID: PMC5033775 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera Lam., also known as the ‘drumstick tree,’ is recognized as a vibrant and affordable source of phytochemicals, having potential applications in medicines, functional food preparations, water purification, and biodiesel production. The multiple biological activities including antiproliferation, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antiatherosclerotic, oxidative DNA damage protective, antiperoxidative, cardioprotective, as well as folk medicinal uses of M. oleifera (MO) are attributed to the presence of functional bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, phytosterols, natural sugars, vitamins, minerals, and organic acids. The low molecular weight of M. oleifera cationic proteins (MOCP) extracted from the seeds is very useful and is used in water purification, because of its potent antimicrobial and coagulant properties. Also, the M. oleifera methyl esters (MOME) produced from the oil of the seeds meet the major specifications of the biodiesel standard of Germany, Europe, and United States (US). Thus, MO is emerging as one of the prominent industrial crops for sustainable biodiesel production in tropical and subtropical countries. In view of the high nutritional, nutraceutical, and industrial values, it is important to compile an updated comprehensive review on the related aspects of this multipurpose and miracle tree. Hence, the present study is focused on the nutritionally significant bioactives and medicinal and biological properties, to explore the potential applications of MO in nutritionally rich food preparations. Furthermore, water coagulation, proteins, and fatty acid methyl esters from the MO seeds are reviewed, to explore their possible industrial applications in biodiesel production and water purification. In addition, the future perspectives in these areas are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea.
| | - Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea.
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Characterization of nutritionally important phytoconstituents in bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) fruits by HPLC–DAD and GC–MS. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-016-9378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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30
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Sivanesan I, Saini RK, Noorzai R, Zamany AJ, Kim DH. In vitro propagation, carotenoid, fatty acid and tocopherol content of Ajuga multiflora Bunge. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:91. [PMID: 28330161 PMCID: PMC4791420 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of plant growth regulators on shoot proliferation from
shoot tip explants of Ajuga multiflora was studied. The highest number of shoots (17.1) was observed when shoot tip explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with 8.0 µM 6-Benzyladenine (BA) and 2.7 µM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The mean number of shoots per explant was increased 1.6-fold in liquid medium as compared with semi-solid medium. Maximum rooting (100 %) with an average of 7.2 roots per shoot was obtained on MS basal medium. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatised in the greenhouse with 100 % survival rate. Composition of carotenoids, fatty acids and tocopherols was also studied from leaves of greenhouse-grown plants and in vitro-regenerated shoots of A. multiflora. The greatest amounts of carotenoids, fatty acids and tocopherols were obtained from leaves of in vitro-regenerated shoots cultured on MS basal medium, followed by leaves of greenhouse-grown plants and leaves of in vitro-regenerated shoots cultured on MS basal medium with 2.0 µM BA or thidiazuron. The most abundant carotenoid in A. multiflora leaves was all-E-lutein (89.4–382.6 μg g−1 FW) followed by all-E-β-carotene (32.0–156.7 μg g−1 FW), 9′-Z-neoxanthin (14.2–63.4 μg g−1 FW), all-E-violaxanthin (13.0–45.9 μg g−1 FW), all-E-zeaxanthin (1.3–2.5 μg g−1 FW) and all-E-β-cryptoxanthin (0.3–0.9 μg g−1 FW). α-Tocopherol was the predominant tocopherol in A. multiflora leaves. Linolenic acid (49.03–52.59 %) was detected in higher amounts in A. multiflora leaf samples followed by linoleic acid (18.95–21.39 %) and palmitic acid (15.79–18.66 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea.
| | - Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Bio-resources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
| | - Rafi Noorzai
- Department of Bio-resources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
| | - Ahmad Jawid Zamany
- Department of Bio-resources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
| | - Doo Hwan Kim
- Department of Bio-resources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea.
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Saini RK, Shang XM, Ko EY, Choi JH, Kim D, Keum YS. Characterization of nutritionally important phytoconstituents in minimally processed ready-to-eat baby-leaf vegetables using HPLC–DAD and GC–MS. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-016-9312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Saini RK, Manoj P, Shetty NP, Srinivasan K, Giridhar P. Relative bioavailability of folate from the traditional food plant Moringa oleifera L. as evaluated in a rat model. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 53:511-20. [PMID: 26787970 PMCID: PMC4711403 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is an affordable and rich source of dietary folate. Quantification of folate by HPLC showed that 5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid (502.1 μg/100 g DW) and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid (223.9 μg/100 g DW) as the most dominant forms of folate in M. oleifera leaves. The bioavailability of folate and the effects of folate depletion and repletion on biochemical and molecular markers of folate status were investigated in Wistar rats. Folate deficiency was induced by keeping the animals on a folate deficient diet with 1 % succinyl sulfathiazole (w/w). After the depletion period, animals were repleted with different levels of folic acid and M. oleifera leaves as a source of folate. Feeding the animals on a folate deficient diet for 7 weeks caused a significant (3.4-fold) decrease in serum folate content, compared to non-depleted control animals. Relative bioavailability of folate from dehydrated leaves of M. oleifera was 81.9 %. During folate depletion and repletion, no significant changes in liver glycine N-methyl transferase and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase expression were recorded. In RDA calculations, only 50 % of natural folate is assumed to be bioavailable. Therefore, the bioavailability of folate from Moringa is much higher, suggesting that M. oleifera based food can be used as a significant source of folate.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. K. Saini
- />Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
- />Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - P. Manoj
- />Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - N. P. Shetty
- />Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - K. Srinivasan
- />Biochemistry & Nutrition Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - P. Giridhar
- />Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
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Saini RK, Nile SH, Park SW. Carotenoids from fruits and vegetables: Chemistry, analysis, occurrence, bioavailability and biological activities. Food Res Int 2015; 76:735-750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Saini RK, Shang XM, Ko EY, Choi JH, Keum YS. Stability of carotenoids and tocopherols in ready-to-eat baby-leaf lettuce and salad rocket during low-temperature storage. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 67:489-95. [PMID: 27075434 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2016.1172059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Minimally processed ready-to-eat baby-leaf vegetables (BLVs) are the most convenient source to include the health beneficial bioactive in the daily diet. In the present study, the visual quality and storage stability of carotenoids, tocopherols were investigated in lettuce (green and red romaine) and salad rocket BLVs. The commercially packed samples of BLVs were stored at 0 °C and 4 °C in dark conditions and analyzed after 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 days of storage. All the studied samples were found in better visual quality up to eight days of storage at both the temperatures. In most cases, the quality was correlated with the chlorophyll contents. The highest significant (p < 0.05) positive changes in total carotenoids and tocopherols were observed in samples stored at 4 °C. Also, carotenoids and tocopherols are maximum stable in green and red romaine lettuce, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar Saini
- a Department of Bioresource and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences , Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Xiao Min Shang
- a Department of Bioresource and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences , Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Eun Young Ko
- a Department of Bioresource and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences , Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Choi
- b Postharvest Technology Research Group , Korea Food Research Institute , Seongnam , Kyonggi , Korea
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- a Department of Bioresource and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences , Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
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Kumar SS, Manoj P, Shetty NP, Giridhar P. Effect of different drying methods on chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and antioxidant compounds retention of leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:1812-1820. [PMID: 25139828 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of the indigenous, easily accessible leafy vegetable roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) for value addition is gaining impetus as its nutritive and nutraceutical compounds are exposed by investigations. Being a perishable, storage is challenging, hence different methods of drying have been an attractive alternative for its postharvest usage in foods without much compromising its quality and antioxidant potential. RESULTS Room- and freeze-dried samples were found to have best quality in terms of colour, total flavonoid content (18.53 ± 2.39 and 18.66 ± 1.06 g kg(-1) respectively), total phenolic content (17.76 ± 1.93 and 18.91 ± 0.48 g kg(-1)), chlorophyll content (1.59 ± 0.001 and 1.55 ± 0.001 g kg(-1)) and ascorbic acid content (11.11 ± 1.04 and 8.92 ± 0.94 g kg(-1)) compared with those subjected to infrared, crossflow, microwave, oven or sun drying. Samples treated by room and freeze drying retained maximum antioxidant potential as shown by the phosphomolybdate method and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical-scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. Cold water and hot water extracts showed significantly higher total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity owing to the greater solubility of phenolics and destruction of cellular components in polar solvents than in organic solvents. CONCLUSION The data obtained show the potential for retaining quality parameters of roselle leaf under suitable drying methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandopu Sravan Kumar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - Prabhakaran Manoj
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - Nandini P Shetty
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - Parvatam Giridhar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India
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Saini RK, Manoj P, Shetty NP, Srinivasan K, Giridhar P. Dietary iron supplements and Moringa oleifera leaves influence the liver hepcidin messenger RNA expression and biochemical indices of iron status in rats. Nutr Res 2014; 34:630-8. [PMID: 25150122 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of iron depletion and repletion on biochemical and molecular indices of iron status were investigated in growing male Wistar rats. We hypothesized that iron from Moringa leaves could overcome the effects of iron deficiency and modulate the expression of iron-responsive genes better than conventional iron supplements. Iron deficiency was induced by feeding rats an iron-deficient diet for 10 weeks, whereas control rats were maintained on an iron-sufficient diet (35.0-mg Fe/kg diet). After the depletion period, animals were repleted with different source of iron, in combination with ascorbic acid. Iron deficiency caused a significant (P < .05) decrease in serum iron and ferritin levels by 57% and 40%, respectively, as compared with nondepleted control animals. Significant changes in the expression (0.5- to100-fold) of liver hepcidin (HAMP), transferrin, transferrin receptor-2, hemochromatosis type 2, ferroportin 1, ceruloplasmin, and ferritin-H were recorded in iron-depleted and iron-repleted rats, as compared with nondepleted rats (P < .05). Dietary iron from Moringa leaf was found to be superior compared with ferric citrate in overcoming the effects of iron deficiency in rats. These results suggest that changes in the relative expression of liver hepcidin messenger RNA can be used as a sensitive molecular marker for iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Saini
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - P Manoj
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - N P Shetty
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - K Srinivasan
- Biochemistry & Nutrition Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - P Giridhar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India.
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