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Loukri A, Kissas T, Kyriakoudi A, Zymvrakaki E, Stratakos AC, Mourtzinos I. Coupling of cold atmospheric plasma treatment with ultrasound-assisted extraction for enhanced recovery of bioactive compounds from cornelian cherry pomace. Food Chem 2024; 455:139989. [PMID: 38850969 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Cornelian cherry pomace is produced during the production of juice from this traditional superfood. Due to its high nutritive value, the by-product can be utilized as a source of bioactive compounds. The present study aimed to develop a sustainable methodology for the recovery of bioactive compounds based on the combination of atmospheric cold plasma (CAP) with ultrasound assisted extraction. The pomace was treated with cold plasma under different conditions. Cyclodextrin was used as green extraction enhancer due to its capacity to develop inclusion complexes with bioactive compounds. CAP pretreatment before extraction appeared to enhance the recovery of the target compounds. GC-MS analysis and in vitro digestion analysis conducted in order to evaluate the composition and the protentional bioavailability of the bioactive compounds. CHEMICALS COMPOUNDS: β-cyclodextrin (PubChem CID: 444041), DPPH free radical (PubChem CID: 2735032), Trolox (PubChem CID: 40634), sodium carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340), gallic acid (PubChem CID: 370) potassium chloride (PubChem CID: 4873), sodium acetate (PubChem CID: 517045), loganic acid (PubChem CID: 89640), pyridine (PubChem CID: 1049, BSTFA(PubChem CID: 94358), potassium chloride (PubChem CID: 4873), ammonium carbonate (PubChem CID: 517111), calcium chloride dehydrate (PubChem CID: 24844), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PubChem CID: 516951), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (PubChem CID: 24644), sodium hydrogen carbonate (PubChem CID: 516892), sodium chloride (PubChem CID: 5234).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Loukri
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Thomas Kissas
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Anastasia Kyriakoudi
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Eleni Zymvrakaki
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Alexandros Ch Stratakos
- College of Health, Science and Society, School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Ln, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Ioannis Mourtzinos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Aurori M, Novac CȘ, Nadăș GC, Crăciun S, Fiţ N, Andrei S. The Antimicrobial Effect of Cornus mas L. and Sorbus aucuparia L. Fruit Extracts against Resistant Uropathogens in Correlation with the Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections in Companion Animals. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:814. [PMID: 38931481 PMCID: PMC11206431 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a widespread condition in pets, with many antibiotics being prescribed, contributing to the rise in antimicrobial resistance, which is a worldwide threat. This study's main objective was to analyze the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Cornus mas and Sorbus aucuparia fruit hydro-ethanolic extracts towards bacteria identified in the urine of companion animals experiencing UTIs. Urine samples were collected from dogs and cats (n = 83; 47 negative, 36 positive); several bacterial strains were identified (n = 49) belonging to the Escherichia, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Leclercia, and Kocuria genera. Bacterial susceptibility was tested using the disk diffusion method, with the majority being resistant to several beta-lactams, quinolones, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and nitrofurantoin. Subsequently, 13 resistant isolates were selected to evaluate the fruits extracts' antimicrobial potential using the agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Cornus mas exhibited the greatest activity against Gram-negatives (primarily Pseudomonas luteola), while Sorbus aucuparia showed maximum effects towards Gram-positives (particularly Enterococcus faecalis). The MIC was 0.01 μg/μL for both extracts; the MBC was 0.08 μg/μL for Cornus mas and 0.05 μg/μL for Sorbus aucuparia. However, Cornus mas showed a stronger bactericidal effect. This is the first study to investigate these fruit extracts in UTI isolates of companion animals, and these extracts might be used as substitutes or adjuvants for antibiotics, thus contributing to a reduction in antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Aurori
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristiana Ștefania Novac
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.Ș.N.); (G.C.N.); (S.C.); (N.F.)
| | - George Cosmin Nadăș
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.Ș.N.); (G.C.N.); (S.C.); (N.F.)
| | - Smaranda Crăciun
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.Ș.N.); (G.C.N.); (S.C.); (N.F.)
| | - Nicodim Fiţ
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.Ș.N.); (G.C.N.); (S.C.); (N.F.)
| | - Sanda Andrei
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Pomianek T, Zagórska-Dziok M, Skóra B, Ziemlewska A, Nizioł-Łukaszewska Z, Wójciak M, Sowa I, Szychowski KA. Comparison of the Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Properties of Extracts from Different Cultivars of Cornus mas L. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5495. [PMID: 38791533 PMCID: PMC11122231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cornus mas L. is a rich source of vitamin C and polyphenols. Due to their health-benefit properties, C. mas L. extracts have been used in, e.g., dermatology and cosmetology, and as a food supplement. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and its co-activator (PGC-1α) are now suspected to be the main target of active substances from C. mass extracts, especially polyphenols. Moreover, the PPARγ pathway is involved in the development of different diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), cancers, skin irritation, and inflammation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the PPARγ pathway activation by the most popular water and ethanol extracts from specific C. mas L. cultivars in an in vitro model of the human normal fibroblast (BJ) cell line. We analyzed the content of biologically active compounds in the extracts using the UPLC-DAD-MS technique and revealed the presence of many polyphenols, including gallic, quinic, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, and ellagic acids as well as iridoids, with loganic acid being the predominant component. In addition, the extracts contained cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, and quercetin 3-glucuronide. The water-ethanol dark red extract (DRE) showed the strongest antioxidant activity. Cytotoxicity was assessed in a normal skin cell line, and positive effects of all the extracts with concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 µg/mL on the cells were shown. Our data show that the studied extracts activate the PPARγ/PGC-1α molecular pathway in BJ cells and, through this mechanism, initiate antioxidant response. Moreover, the activation of this molecular pathway may increase insulin sensitivity in DM2 and reduce skin irritation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Pomianek
- Department of Management, Faculty of Administration and Social Sciences, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Martyna Zagórska-Dziok
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.Z.-D.); (A.Z.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
| | - Bartosz Skóra
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Ziemlewska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.Z.-D.); (A.Z.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
| | - Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.Z.-D.); (A.Z.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
| | - Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Raclawickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.W.); (I.S.)
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Raclawickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.W.); (I.S.)
| | - Konrad A. Szychowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
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Paunovic M, Milosevic M, Mitrovic-Ajtic O, Velickovic N, Micic B, Nedic O, Todorovic V, Vucic V, Petrovic S. Polyphenol-rich black currant and cornelian cherry juices ameliorate metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fat high-fructose diet in Wistar rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27709. [PMID: 38590904 PMCID: PMC10999883 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Diets high in fat and sugar lead to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related chronic diseases. We investigated the effects of commercially available, cold-pressed polyphenol-rich black currant (BC) and cornelian cherry (CC) juices on the prevention of MetS in Wistar rats induced by a 10-weeks high-fat high-fructose (HFF) diet. Juice consumption, either BC or CC, with a HFF diet resulted in lower serum triglycerides compared to only the HFF consumption. Both juices also mitigated the effects of HFF on the liver, pancreas, and adipose tissue, by preserving liver and pancreas histomorphology and reducing visceral fat and adipocyte size. Furthermore, supplementation with both juices reduced glucagon and up-regulated insulin expression in the pancreas of the rats on the HFF diet, whereas the BC also showed improved glucose regulation. BC juice also reduced the expression of IL-6 and hepatic inflammation compared to the group only on HFF diet. Both juices, especially BC, could be a convenient solution for the prevention of MetS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Paunovic
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Milosevic
- Group for Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Mitrovic-Ajtic
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Velickovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Micic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olgica Nedic
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vanja Todorovic
- Department of Bromatology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vucic
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snjezana Petrovic
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Szot I, Łysiak GP, Sosnowska B, Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J. Health-Promoting Properties of Anthocyanins from Cornelian Cherry ( Cornus mas L.) Fruits. Molecules 2024; 29:449. [PMID: 38257363 PMCID: PMC10818799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The cornelian cherry is a plant that annually provides fruits, drupe-type, ranging in color from yellow through pink, red, carmine, and almost black. Cornelian cherry bears abundant fruit in temperate climate conditions, which means that its dark-colored fruits can be treated as an excellent source of anthocyanins. After consuming, anthocyanins have a protective function in the human body. Raw fruit extracts and their pure isolates, rich in anthocyanins, have a wide spectrum of health-promoting properties. This review focuses on the health-promoting properties of anthocyanins from fruits of cornelian cherry, documented in research conducted in vitro, in vivo, and in humans. The results obtained so far confirm the beneficial effects of anthocyanins on the blood parameters, whose values are important in predicting and assessing the risk and progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. A beneficial effect on molecular and histopathological changes in target organs such as the heart, brain, kidneys, and liver has also been demonstrated. Anthocyanins from cornelian cherry have a strong antioxidant effect, which explains their protective effects on organs and anticancer effects. Moreover, they have antiglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. The work highlights the perspectives and directions of necessary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Szot
- Subdepartment of Pomology, Nursery and Enology, Institute of Horticulture Production, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz P. Łysiak
- Department of Ornamental Plants, Dendrology and Pomology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Bożena Sosnowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
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Zagórska-Dziok M, Ziemlewska A, Mokrzyńska A, Nizioł-Łukaszewska Z, Wójciak M, Sowa I. Evaluation of the Biological Activity of Hydrogel with Cornus mas L. Extract and Its Potential Use in Dermatology and Cosmetology. Molecules 2023; 28:7384. [PMID: 37959803 PMCID: PMC10648276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the growing popularity of herbal extract-loaded hydrogels, this study assessed the biological activity of extracts and hydrogels containing three types (water (WE), water-ethanol (EE) and water-glycerin (GE)) of Cornus mas L. (dogwood) extracts. The content of biologically active compounds in the extracts was assessed using the UPLC-DAD-MS technique. Antioxidant properties were assessed by using DPPH and ABTS radicals and measuring the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species. Alamar Blue and Neutral Red tests were used to measure the cytotoxicity of the tested samples on skin cells-fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Cell migration and the anti-aging activity of the tested extracts and hydrogels were assessed. Transepidermal water loss and skin hydration after applying the hydrogels to the skin were also determined. A chromatographic analysis revealed that the extracts contained polyphenols, including gallic, caftaric, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, ellagic and p-coumaroylquinic acids, as well as iridoids, with loganic acid as the predominant component. Additionally, they contained cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside and quinic acid. The obtained results show that the tested extracts and hydrogels had strong antioxidant properties and had a positive effect on the viability of skin cells in vitro. Additionally, it was shown that they stimulated the migration of these cells and had the ability to inhibit the activity of collagenase and elastase. Moreover, the tested hydrogels increased skin hydration and prevented transepidermal water loss. The obtained results indicate that the developed hydrogels may be effective delivery systems for phytochemicals contained in dogwood extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Zagórska-Dziok
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.Z.); (A.M.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
| | - Aleksandra Ziemlewska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.Z.); (A.M.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
| | - Agnieszka Mokrzyńska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.Z.); (A.M.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
| | - Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.Z.); (A.M.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
| | - Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Raclawickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Raclawickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
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Aurori M, Andrei S, Dreanca AI, Morohoschi AG, Cotul M, Niculae M, Nan MI, Codea AR, Gal AF. The Nephroprotective Effect of Cornelian Cherry ( Cornus mas L.) and Rowanberry ( Sorbus aucuparia L.) in Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity on Wistar Rats with Emphasis on the Evaluation of Novel Renal Biomarkers and the Antioxidant Capacity in Correlation with Nitro-Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2023; 15:4392. [PMID: 37892466 PMCID: PMC10609733 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of its well-known nephrotoxicity, gentamicin is nonetheless routinely used in humans and animals. However, no adjuvant treatments have been implemented to mitigate this harmful effect. Given this concern, medicinal plants represent a significant reservoir of natural antioxidants that could potentially reduce the renal oxidative stress induced by gentamicin. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to investigate the nephroprotective properties of Cornus mas and Sorbus aucuparia fruits in an experimental model of nephrotoxicity. The 3-week study was performed on male Wistar rats, which were randomly divided into six experimental groups, being subcutaneously treated with 50 mg/kg gentamicin and orally given Cornus mas and Sorbus aucuparia extracts, in doses of 40 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Antioxidant therapy significantly improved the nitro-oxidative stress parameters as well as the specific renal biomarkers KIM-1 and iNAG, demonstrating a considerable renal tubular protective impact. These outcomes were reinforced by biochemical and histopathological enhancements. Nevertheless, neither of the tested extracts succeeded in substantially diminishing BUN levels. Additionally, CysC did not significantly decline following extracts treatment, suggesting that the remedies did not effectively protect renal glomeruli against gentamicin stress. Future studies are required in order to determine the underlying mechanisms of these berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Aurori
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.A.); (A.I.D.); (A.G.M.); (M.C.); (M.I.N.); (A.F.G.)
| | - Sanda Andrei
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.A.); (A.I.D.); (A.G.M.); (M.C.); (M.I.N.); (A.F.G.)
| | - Alexandra Iulia Dreanca
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.A.); (A.I.D.); (A.G.M.); (M.C.); (M.I.N.); (A.F.G.)
| | - Andreea Georgiana Morohoschi
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.A.); (A.I.D.); (A.G.M.); (M.C.); (M.I.N.); (A.F.G.)
| | - Mihaela Cotul
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.A.); (A.I.D.); (A.G.M.); (M.C.); (M.I.N.); (A.F.G.)
| | - Mihaela Niculae
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.N.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Monica Irina Nan
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.A.); (A.I.D.); (A.G.M.); (M.C.); (M.I.N.); (A.F.G.)
| | - Andrei Răzvan Codea
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.N.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Adrian Florin Gal
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.A.); (A.I.D.); (A.G.M.); (M.C.); (M.I.N.); (A.F.G.)
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Zagórska-Dziok M, Ziemlewska A, Mokrzyńska A, Nizioł-Łukaszewska Z, Sowa I, Szczepanek D, Wójciak M. Comparative Study of Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant, Anti-Aging and Antibacterial Properties of Unfermented and Fermented Extract of Cornus mas L. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13232. [PMID: 37686038 PMCID: PMC10487488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the high demand for products that can help treat various skin conditions, the interest in plant extracts, which are a valuable source of phytochemicals, is constantly growing. In this work, the properties of extracts and ferments from Cornus mas L. and their potential use in cosmetic products were compared. For this purpose, their composition, antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity against skin cells, keratinocytes and fibroblasts were assessed in vitro. In addition, the ability to inhibit the activity of collagenase and elastase was compared, which enabled the assessment of their potential to inhibit skin aging. Microbiological analyses carried out on different bacterial strains were made in order to compare their antibacterial properties. The conducted analyses showed that both dogwood extract and ferment have antioxidant and anti-aging properties. In addition, they can have a positive effect on the viability of keratinocytes and fibroblasts and inhibit the proliferation of various pathogenic bacteria, which indicates their great potential as ingredients in skin care preparations. The stronger activity of the ferment compared to the extract indicates the legitimacy of carrying out the fermentation process of plant raw materials using kombucha in order to obtain valuable products for the cosmetics industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Zagórska-Dziok
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.Z.-D.); (A.Z.); (A.M.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
| | - Aleksandra Ziemlewska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.Z.-D.); (A.Z.); (A.M.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
| | - Agnieszka Mokrzyńska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.Z.-D.); (A.Z.); (A.M.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
| | - Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.Z.-D.); (A.Z.); (A.M.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Raclawickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Szczepanek
- Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Raclawickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
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Yarhosseini F, Sangouni AA, Sangsefidi ZS, Hosseinzadeh M, Akhondi-Meybodi M, Ranjbar A, Fallahzadeh H, Mozaffari-Khosravi H. Effect of Cornus mas L. fruit extract on blood pressure, anthropometric and body composition indices in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 56:18-24. [PMID: 37344070 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obesity is linked to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Patients with NAFLD are at increased risk for hypertension. Some investigations have hypothesized that Cornus mas L. fruit can improve obesity and hypertension. We investigated the effect of C. mas L. fruit extract on blood pressure, anthropometric and body composition indices in patients with NAFLD. METHODS This 12-week double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on fifty patients with NAFLD. Patients received 20 cc/d C. mas L. fruit extract or placebo. We measured diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body fat mass (BFM), body fat percent (BFP) and fat free mass (FFM) before and after intervention. RESULTS Treatment group compared to control group showed a significant reduction in DBP (-8.62 ± 11.86 mmHg vs. 0.53 ± 8.53 mmHg; Pcrude = 0.003; Padjucted = 0.03) and SBP (-8.63 ± 14.37 mmHg vs. 0.0 ± 12.67 mmHg; Pcrude = 0.02; Padjucted = 0.02). We found no difference between groups in weight, WC, HC, WHR, BFM, BFP and FFM (P > 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, a significant reduction was observed in treatment group compared to control group in BFM (-0.2 ± 3.9 kg vs. 0.7 ± 2.4 kg; P = 0.01) and BFP (-0.2 ± 4.9% vs. 0.8 ± 2.8%; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS C. mas L. fruit extract statistically reduced blood pressure and body fat. However, it had no effect on other anthropometric and body composition indices. Studies with larger sample sizes and higher dosages of extract are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered on 30/9/2018 at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20180419039359N1 (https://www.irct.ir/trial/30707).
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Yarhosseini
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Sangouni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sadat Sangsefidi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohsen Akhondi-Meybodi
- Gastroenterology Department, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alimohammad Ranjbar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Herbal Medicine Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallahzadeh
- Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Karapatzak E, Dichala O, Papanastasi K, Manthos I, Ganopoulos I, Karydas A, Badeka AV, Kosma IS, Kyrkas D, Yfanti P, Nikisianis N, Patakioutas G, Maloupa E, Krigas N. A Multifaceted Evaluation Approach for Greek Native Neglected and Underutilized Forest Fruit Trees and Shrubs as Natural Sources of Antioxidants: Consolidating the Framework for Their Sustainable Agronomic Exploitation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1642. [PMID: 37111865 PMCID: PMC10147030 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fruits from wild forest trees and shrubs represent a natural source of antioxidants against oxidative stress and a growing market for novel minor crops. This study presents a multifaceted approach which sets the basis for sustainable agronomic exploitation of selected Greek native germplasm of four traditional but neglected and underutilized forest fruit trees and shrubs, namely Amelanchier ovalis Medik., Cornus mas L., Rosa canina L., and Sambucus nigra L. The studied plant species are traditionally used in Greek ethnobotany but are currently neglected and underutilized in commercial terms, thus characterized as neglected and underutilized plant species (NUPs). The investigation includes new information on the evaluation of the ex situ cultivation of the Greek germplasm (three of the four focal NUPs), thus supplementing respective full datasets for their comparative evaluation based on four evaluation axes (documentation and molecular authentication of genotypes, phytochemical evaluation, asexual propagation via rooting of cuttings, and ex situ cultivation) after multi-year and multifaceted groundwork data previously acquired. Consecutively, the work includes feasibility and readiness timescale evaluation for the sustainable exploitation of each focal species based on existing literature and extant research experience. The feasibility for sustainable exploitation and readiness timescale evaluation results were very encouraging, showing high exploitation feasibility with an already achieved readiness timescale for R. canina and S. nigra, whereas C. mas and A. ovalis showed an achievable readiness in the short term. The comparative evaluation of the Greek native focal NUPs outlined the excellent potential of R. canina, S. nigra, and A. ovalis, and the high potential of C. mas. The results herein illustrate the very high fruit antioxidant potential (free radical scavenging activity) of all focal species, the diverse but effective asexual propagation capacity via cuttings at the species level, and summarize the results of a pilot cultivation trial set up in 2020 (still ongoing) outlining tree growth rates and the onset of fruit production among genotypes and species. Overall, the meta-analysis of previously published data in conjunction with new data generated herein may serve the sustainable exploitation of the studied NUPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Karapatzak
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Dichala
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Papanastasi
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Manthos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonis Karydas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia V. Badeka
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioanna S. Kosma
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kyrkas
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina (UOI), 47100 Kostakii Arta, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Yfanti
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina (UOI), 47100 Kostakii Arta, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nikisianis
- Systems of Forest and Environmental Development (SYSTADA), 8 Amasia Str., 55133 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Giorgos Patakioutas
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina (UOI), 47100 Kostakii Arta, Greece
| | - Eleni Maloupa
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikos Krigas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytoprotective Effects of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Fruit Extracts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030420. [PMID: 36986519 PMCID: PMC10058959 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornus mas L. is characterized by an increased quantity of bioactive compounds, namely polyphenols, monoterpenes, organic acids, vitamin C and lipophilic compounds such as carotenoids, being anciently used in the treatment of various diseases. This paper’s objectives were to characterize the phytochemical profile of Cornus mas L. fruits and to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytoprotective effects on renal cells exposed to gentamicin. As such, two ethanolic extracts were obtained. The resulting extracts were used to assess the total polyphenols, flavonoids and carotenoids through spectral and chromatographic methods. The antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH and FRAP assays. Due to the high content of phenolic compounds analyzed in fruits and the results obtained regarding antioxidant capacity, we decided to further use the ethanolic extract to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial and cytoprotective effects on renal cells stressed with gentamicin. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods, with great results regarding Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The cytotoxic activity was assessed using MTT and Annexin-V assays. According to the findings, extract-treated cells had a higher cell viability. However, at high concentrations, viability was shown to decline, most likely due to the extract and gentamicin’s additive effects.
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12
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Rimaz S, Rahideh ST, Abolghasemi J, Jazayeri S, Jamshidi S, Motevalian M, Solaymani-Dodaran M, Taghizadeh M, Gholamrezayi A, Aryaeian N. The effect of Cornus mas fruit extract on vasomotor symptoms and sex hormones in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. Menopause 2023; 30:201-207. [PMID: 36696645 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cornus mas fruit has various antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties, so this study aims at assessing its effect on menopausal symptoms and sex hormones in postmenopausal women. METHODS In the current randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 84 individuals (42 per group) were participated. C mas hydroalcoholic extract was prepared, and participants received 300 mg C mas extract or placebo three times a day (900 g in total) for 8 weeks. The demographic, dietary intake, and physical activity information were gathered. Anthropometric indices were measured by standard methods. Furthermore, menopause symptoms were assessed by Greene Climacteric Scale. Also, sex hormones were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Based on the results, there was a significant difference in total Greene score reduction between the intervention and placebo groups (-3.19 ± 0.54, -0.76 ± 0.32, and P < 0.001). In addition, vasomotor symptoms had a remarkable decrease in the C mas extract group (P < 0.001). Also, the intervention group demonstrated a decreasing trend in the number and duration of hot flushes. Moreover, follicle-stimulating hormone remarkably decreased and estradiol increased in the intervention group (P = 0.016 and P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS It has been found that the extract of C mas fruit has a favorable effect on vasomotor symptoms, sex hormones, and related complications in women experiencing menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Rimaz
- From the Radiation Biology Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Tayebeh Rahideh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamileh Abolghasemi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Jazayeri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Jamshidi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Afsaneh Gholamrezayi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naheed Aryaeian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sahu R, Goswami S, Narahari Sastry G, Rawal RK. The Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of the Flavonoids in Liver Cirrhosis: Current and Future Perspectives. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201029. [PMID: 36703592 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may vary from moderately mild non-alcohol fatty liver (NAFL) towards the malignant variant known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is marked by fatty liver inflammation and may progress to liver cirrhosis (LC), liver cancer, fibrosis, or liver failure. Flavonoids can protect the liver from toxins through their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and antifibrogenic pharmacological activities. Furthermore, flavonoids protect against LC by regulation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) trans-differentiation, inhibiting growth factors like TGF-β and platelets-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF), viral infections like hepatitis-B, C and D viruses (HBV, HCV & HDV), autoimmune-induced, alcohol-induced, metabolic disorder-induced, causing by apoptosis, and regulating MAPK pathways. These flavonoids may be explored in the future as a therapeutic solution for hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sahu
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - Sourav Goswami
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - G Narahari Sastry
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravindra K Rawal
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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14
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Šimora V, Ďúranová H, Brindza J, Moncada M, Ivanišová E, Joanidis P, Straka D, Gabríny L, Kačániová M. Cornelian Cherry ( Cornus mas) Powder as a Functional Ingredient for the Formulation of Bread Loaves: Physical Properties, Nutritional Value, Phytochemical Composition, and Sensory Attributes. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030593. [PMID: 36766122 PMCID: PMC9913965 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, Cornelian cherry powder (CCP, Cornus mas) was investigated as a functional ingredient for bread production. Experimental bread loaves were prepared using five levels of CCP (0, 1, 2, 5, and 10% w/w) to replace wheat flour in bread formulation. The final products were analyzed regarding their proximate composition, content of selected biologically active substances, antioxidant activity (AA), volume, and sensory attributes. Increasing the incorporation of CCP led to significantly (p < 0.05) higher concentrations of carbohydrate, ash, energetic value, total polyphenols, phenolic acids and AA, and reduced fat and protein contents (p < 0.05). Moreover, up to 5% addition of CCP positively affected the volume (642.63 ± 7.24 mL) and specific volume (2.83 ± 0.02 cm3/g) of bread loaves, which were significantly (p < 0.05) higher compared to the control (no addition of CCP; 576.99 ± 2.97 mL; 2.55 ± 0.002 cm3/g). The sensory attributes chewiness, crumb springiness, bitterness, and sourness had lower scores (p < 0.05) in bread formulated with 10% CCP compared to the control. Overall, results show that the bread loaves produced with up to 5% CCP addition were considered the preferred formulation among the experimental samples tested, taking into consideration their composition, bioactive content, sensory, and physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Šimora
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Hana Ďúranová
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ján Brindza
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marvin Moncada
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Eva Ivanišová
- Institute of Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Patrícia Joanidis
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Straka
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Gabríny
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Bioenergy, Food Technology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza Str., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence:
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15
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Wójciak M, Zagórska-Dziok M, Nizioł-Łukaszewska Z, Ziemlewska A, Furman-Toczek D, Szczepanek D, Sowa I. In Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory and Protective Potential of an Extract from Cornus mas L. Fruit against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Skin Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213755. [PMID: 36430233 PMCID: PMC9696105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornus mas L. is a rich source of valuable compounds with pro-health properties and, therefore, may be attractive for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. This paper attempts to assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and protective effect of an extract from C. mas fruit on skin cells in vitro. The phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out using UPLC-MS and the content of the main components was determined. The biological activity of the extract was assessed by in vitro analysis using two human cell lines: keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts (BJ). Additionally, the ability of this extract to regulate gene expression (SOD-1, Nox-4) in skin cells was evaluated. Moreover, the impact of the extract and its main components, including loganic acid and cornuside, on the level of inflammatory cytokines in H2O2-treated cells was assessed. The tests showed that the extract has strong antioxidant properties and stimulates the proliferation of both types of cells. The results evidence that the Cornus mas L. fruit extract significantly reduces the level of reactive oxygen species in the cells tested and can modulate the expression of genes closely related to oxidative stress. Moreover, it suppresses the production of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, and the effect was related to loganic acid and cornuside. The present research indicates that the analyzed dogwood extract can be an effective means of prevention of cell damage caused by free radicals and have a positive effect on the condition of skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-817-185-551
| | - Martyna Zagórska-Dziok
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Kielnarowa 386a, 36-020 Tyczyn, Poland
| | - Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Kielnarowa 386a, 36-020 Tyczyn, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Ziemlewska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Kielnarowa 386a, 36-020 Tyczyn, Poland
| | - Dominika Furman-Toczek
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Kielnarowa 386a, 36-020 Tyczyn, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szczepanek
- Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Zhao M, Cao W, Li L, Ren A, Ang Y, Chen J, Bhandari B, Wang Z, Ren X, Ren G, Duan X. Effects of different proteins and maltodextrin combinations as wall material on the characteristics of Cornus officinalis flavonoids microcapsules. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1007863. [PMID: 36185648 PMCID: PMC9515985 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1007863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavonoids in Cornus officinalis (CO) have various pharmacological activities, however, the flavonoid instability limits its application in food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, Cornus officinalis flavonoid (COF) microcapsules were prepared by using a combination of whey isolate protein (WPI), soy isolate protein (SPI), gelatin (GE), and maltodextrin (MD) as wall materials, respectively. Meanwhile, the encapsulation efficiency, solubility, color, particle size, thermal stability and microstructure as well as the antioxidant capacity of microcapsules were assessed. When the protein/MD ratio was 3:7, three kinds of combined wall materials realized high encapsulation efficiency (96.32–98.24%) and water solubility index (89.20–90.10%). Compared with other wall material combinations, the microcapsules with WPI-MD wall ratio at 3:7 had lower particle size (7.17 μm), lower moisture content (6.13%), higher encapsulation efficiency (98.24%), better water solubility index (90.1%), higher thermal stability (86.00°C), brightness L* (67.84) and higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity (6.98 mgVc/g), and better flowability. Results suggested that WPI and MD could be better wall materials applied in encapsulating COF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Zhao
- Department of Food Sciences and Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Weiwei Cao
- Department of Food Sciences and Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Cao
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Food Sciences and Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Aiqing Ren
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Research, Hezhou University, Hezhou, China
- Aiqing Ren
| | - Yuan Ang
- Department of Food Sciences and Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- Department of Food Sciences and Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Bhesh Bhandari
- Department of ARC Dairy Innovation Hub, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Food Sciences and Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xing Ren
- Department of Food Sciences and Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Guangyue Ren
- Department of Food Sciences and Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xu Duan
- Department of Food Sciences and Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Xu Duan
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Anthocyanin-rich extracts from Cornelian cherry pomace as a natural food colorant: a spectroscopic and LC-QTOF-MS study. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Szczepaniak O, Ligaj M, Stuper-Szablewska K, Kobus-Cisowska J. Genoprotective effect of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) phytochemicals, electrochemical and ab initio interaction study. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113216. [PMID: 35665669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) has broad and multidimensional potential in preventing civilisational diseases. Part of these diseases results from DNA oxidative mutations. Thus, the paper aimed to predict how phenolics present in C. mas may interact with dsDNA in ab initio experiment and to check the effect of different cornelian cherry extracts on DNA structure and DNA oxidation. A special research model was designed using biosensor with a carbonpaste electrode. We resulted in various effects observed for phenolics and the extracts. Flavonoids, but of vitexin interacted with declining energy of the DNA models and liability of DNA oxidation. However, for 8-oxoguaniosine the trend was the opposite. Among the evaluated extracts, water-ethanolic extracts caused decline in adenine and guanine signals after dsDNA exposition on the extract. Principal component analysis showed that alcoholic extracts of cv. Szafer and Słowianin, which were rich in apigenin and kaempferol exhibit mild genoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Szczepaniak
- Department of Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Foods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland.
| | - Marta Ligaj
- Department of Non-Food Products Quality and Packaging Development, Poznań University of Economics and Business, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Kobus-Cisowska
- Department of Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Foods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland
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Gössinger M, Kuenz F, Wendelin S, Korntheuer K, Jäger H, Wurm L, Graf M. "Improved quality assessment of cornelian cherry ( Cornus mas L.) fruit with regard to their processing potential". JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:3201-3209. [PMID: 35872725 PMCID: PMC9304497 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The sensory properties and appropriateness of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) for processing is very closely related to its ripening stage, recognizable by firmness and skin colour to some extent. Due to the non-uniform ripening on the trees the quality of the fruits offered on the market depends very much on the harvest-method. Today, processors, who usually do not buy fresh fruits but frozen fruits or puree on the market, don`t have a suitable means for the accurate quality assessment of the raw material they need for the processing of high-quality products. The results of this work show for the first time that from the selected parameters (carbohydrates, organic acids, phenols) only flavonols, especially kaempferol-3-glucoside is appropriate to determine the stage of ripeness of cornelian cherries properly independent from species, provenance and crop year. Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside of about 1.75 mg/Kg in wild genotypes and of about 0.80 mg/Kg in most big cornelian cherry species can serve as a reference for sufficient ripeness and therefore for high fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Gössinger
- Department of Fruit Processing, Federal College and Research Institute for Viticulture and Pomology Klosterneuburg, Wienerstrasse 74, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Florian Kuenz
- Department of Fruit Processing, Federal College and Research Institute for Viticulture and Pomology Klosterneuburg, Wienerstrasse 74, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Silvia Wendelin
- Department of Chemistry, Federal College and Research Institute for Viticulture and Pomology Klosterneuburg, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Karin Korntheuer
- Department of Chemistry, Federal College and Research Institute for Viticulture and Pomology Klosterneuburg, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Henry Jäger
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Division of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lothar Wurm
- Department of Fruit Production, Federal College and Research Institute for Viticulture and Pomology Klosterneuburg, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Monika Graf
- Department of Fruit Processing, Federal College and Research Institute for Viticulture and Pomology Klosterneuburg, Wienerstrasse 74, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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Moldovan R, Mitrea DR, Florea A, Chiş IC, Suciu Ş, David L, Moldovan BE, Mureşan LE, Lenghel M, Ungur RA, Opriş RV, Decea N, Clichici SV. Effects of Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with Bioactive Compounds from Cornus mas Fruit on Aorta Ultrastructural and Biochemical Changes in Rats on a Hyperlipid Diet-A Preliminary Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071343. [PMID: 35883833 PMCID: PMC9311980 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornus mas L. extract (CM) presents hypolipidemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are considered potent delivery systems and may be used to release pharmaceutical compounds at the level of injury. In our study, we used gold nanoparticles functionalized with bioactive compounds from Cornus mas L. (AuNPsCM) in an experimental model of a high-fat diet (HFD), and we assessed their effects on aorta wall but also in the serum, as compared to Cornus mas (CM) administration. Sprague Dawley female rats were fed for 9 months with an HFD. During the last month of the experiment, we randomly allocated the animals into three groups that received, by oral gavage: saline solution, CM solution (0.158 mg/mL polyphenols) or AuNPsCM solution (260 μg Au/kg/day), while a Control group received a standard diet and saline solution. At the end of the experiment, we performed an ultrasonography of the aorta and left ventricle and a histology and transmission electron microscopy of the aorta walls; we investigated the oxidative stress and inflammation in aorta homogenates and in serum and, in addition, the lipid profile. AuNPsCM presented better effects in comparison with the natural extract (CM) on lipid peroxidation (p < 0.01) and TNF-alpha (p < 0.001) in aorta homogenates. In serum, both CM and AuNPsCM decreased the triglycerides (p < 0.001) and C-reactive protein (CM, p < 0.01; AuNPsCM, p < 0.001) and increased the antioxidant protection (p < 0.001), in comparison with the HFD group. In intima, AuNPsCM produced ultrastructural lesions, with the disorganization of intima and subendothelial connective layer, whereas CM administration preserved the intima normal aspect, but with a thinned subendothelial connective layer. AuNPsCM oral administration presented certain antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic effects in an experimental model of HFD, but with a negative impact on the ultrastructure of aorta walls, highlighted by the intima disorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remus Moldovan
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.); (I.-C.C.); (Ş.S.); (N.D.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Daniela-Rodica Mitrea
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.); (I.-C.C.); (Ş.S.); (N.D.); (S.V.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Adrian Florea
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.F.); (R.V.O.)
| | - Irina-Camelia Chiş
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.); (I.-C.C.); (Ş.S.); (N.D.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Şoimiţa Suciu
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.); (I.-C.C.); (Ş.S.); (N.D.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Luminiţa David
- Research Center for Advanced Chemical Analysis, Instrumentation and Chemometrics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.D.); (B.E.M.)
| | - Bianca Elena Moldovan
- Research Center for Advanced Chemical Analysis, Instrumentation and Chemometrics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.D.); (B.E.M.)
| | - Laura Elena Mureşan
- Raluca Ripan Institute of Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Manuela Lenghel
- Radiology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1–3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Rodica Ana Ungur
- Department of Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Răzvan Vlad Opriş
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.F.); (R.V.O.)
| | - Nicoleta Decea
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.); (I.-C.C.); (Ş.S.); (N.D.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Simona Valeria Clichici
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.); (I.-C.C.); (Ş.S.); (N.D.); (S.V.C.)
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Lewandowski Ł, Bednarz-Misa I, Kucharska AZ, Kubiak A, Kasprzyk P, Sozański T, Przybylska D, Piórecki N, Krzystek-Korpacka M. Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Extracts Exert Cytotoxicity in Two Selected Melanoma Cell Lines—A Factorial Analysis of Time-Dependent Alterations in Values Obtained with SRB and MTT Assays. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134193. [PMID: 35807436 PMCID: PMC9268180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that phytochemicals of Cornaceae species have long been discussed as possible auxiliary agents in contemporary treatment, the insights on their properties remain relatively scarce. This study focuses on Cornus mas L. (Cornelian cherry), the extracts of which are reported to exert a pleiotropic effect shown in both in vivo and in vitro studies. This study aimed to explore the cytotoxic effect of extracts from fruits of red (Cornus mas L. ‘Podolski’) and yellow (Cornus mas L. ‘Yantarnyi’ and ‘Flava’) Cornelian cherries on two melanoma cell lines (A375 and MeWo). The extracts were characterized in the context of the concentration of bioactive compounds of antioxidative properties. Cytotoxicity was investigated with the use of the following two assays: SRB and MTT. An additional, alternative protocol for the SRB assay was used in this study so as to account for possible bias. Cytotoxicity was assessed as a difference in the whole time series of cell viability, instead of analyzing differences in raw values (often found in the literature). Both extracts from Cornus mas L. induced cytotoxicity in both A375 and MeWo cell lines, although the response of these cells was different. Moreover, based on this study, there is no evidence for claiming a different magnitude of cytotoxicity between these two extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Lewandowski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (A.K.); (P.K.); (M.K.-K.)
- Correspondence: (Ł.L.); (A.Z.K.)
| | - Iwona Bednarz-Misa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (A.K.); (P.K.); (M.K.-K.)
| | - Alicja Z. Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, J. Chelmonskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (Ł.L.); (A.Z.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Kubiak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (A.K.); (P.K.); (M.K.-K.)
| | - Patrycja Kasprzyk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (A.K.); (P.K.); (M.K.-K.)
| | - Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Dominika Przybylska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, J. Chelmonskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Narcyz Piórecki
- Bolestraszyce Arboretum and Institute of Physiography, Bolestraszyce 130, 37-722 Wyszatyce, Poland;
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszow, Cicha 2A, 35-326 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (A.K.); (P.K.); (M.K.-K.)
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22
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Karapatzak E, Krigas N, Ganopoulos I, Papanastasi K, Kyrkas D, Yfanti P, Nikisianis N, Karydas A, Manthos I, Kosma IS, Badeka AV, Fotakis D, Maloupa E, Patakioutas G. Documenting Greek Indigenous Germplasm of Cornelian Cherry ( Cornus mas L.) for Sustainable Utilization: Molecular Authentication, Asexual Propagation, and Phytochemical Evaluation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11101345. [PMID: 35631772 PMCID: PMC9146187 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Wild-growing Cornelian cherries (Cornus mas L., Cornaceae) are well-known native fruits in Greece since ancient times that are still consumed locally nowadays. Modern research has highlighted the value of Cornelian cherries as functional food with exceptional health benefits on account of the fruits’ biochemical profile. However, apart from local consumption directly from wild growing individuals, Greek native C. mas populations have not yet been investigated or sustainably utilized. A multifaceted evaluation was conducted herein including authorized collection-documentation, taxonomic identification, and molecular authentication (DNA barcoding), asexual propagation via cuttings and phytochemical evaluation (multiple antioxidant profiling) of neglected and underutilized Greek native C. mas germplasm sources. Successive botanical expeditions resulted in the collection of 18 samples of genotypes from distant C. mas populations across different natural habitats in Greece, most of which were DNA fingerprinted for the first time. Asexual propagation trials revealed high variability in rooting frequencies among Greek genotypes with low (<25%), average (25−50%), and adequate propagation potential (>50%) using external indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) hormone application on soft- or hard-wood cuttings. The comparative phytochemical evaluation of the studied Greek genotypes showed significant potential in terms of antioxidant activity (>80% radical scavenging activity in 13 genotypes), but with variable phenolic content (47.58−355.46 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoid content (0.15−0.86 mg CE/100 g), and vitamin C content (1−59 mg AAE/100 g). The collected material is currently maintained under ex situ conservation for long-term monitoring coupled with ongoing pilot cultivation trials. The pivotal data create for the first time a framework for the sustainable utilization of Greek native C. mas germplasm as a superfood with significant agronomic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Karapatzak
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (I.G.); (K.P.); (A.K.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Nikos Krigas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (I.G.); (K.P.); (A.K.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (G.P.); Tel.: +30-2310-471110 (N.K.); +30-2681-050224 (G.P.)
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (I.G.); (K.P.); (A.K.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Katerina Papanastasi
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (I.G.); (K.P.); (A.K.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Dimitris Kyrkas
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece; (D.K.); (P.Y.)
| | - Paraskevi Yfanti
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece; (D.K.); (P.Y.)
| | | | - Antonis Karydas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (I.G.); (K.P.); (A.K.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Ioannis Manthos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (I.G.); (K.P.); (A.K.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Ioanna S. Kosma
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (I.S.K.); (A.V.B.)
| | - Anastasia V. Badeka
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (I.S.K.); (A.V.B.)
| | - Dimitrios Fotakis
- Forest Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, 57006 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Eleni Maloupa
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (I.G.); (K.P.); (A.K.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Giorgos Patakioutas
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece; (D.K.); (P.Y.)
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (G.P.); Tel.: +30-2310-471110 (N.K.); +30-2681-050224 (G.P.)
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Sengul M, Unver H, Topdas EF, Akbulut M, Coklar H, Yilmaz B. Evaluation of antioxidant properties and phenolic and aromatic profiles of cornelian cherry pestil samples prepared with sucrose and stevia addition. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Memnune Sengul
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University Erzurum Turkey
| | - Hacer Unver
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University Erzurum Turkey
| | - Elif Feyza Topdas
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University Erzurum Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akbulut
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University Konya Turkey
| | - Hacer Coklar
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University Konya Turkey
| | - Bilal Yilmaz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University Erzurum Turkey
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Morphological and Biochemical Properties in Fruits of Naturally Grown Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Genotypes in Northwest Bosnia and Herzegovina. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14084579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) is considered to be one of those medicinal plants with important nutritional and therapeutic properties. The plant shows resistance against abiotic and biotic stressors in natural growing conditions and could be suitable to use in sustainable fruit production. This study was carried out on 22 local cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) genotypes, which were grown northwest of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Fruits of these 22 genotypes were harvested and analyzed during the ripening period in 2018/2019. Fruit weight, length, and width ranged from 1.38 to 3.01 g, 13.84 to 19.43 mm, and 10.92 to 14.79 mm, respectively. Dry matter content was determined to be the lowest at 11.67% and the highest at 21.89%. The genotypes had vitamin C content between 25.85 and 58.75 mg/100 g. Total phenolic and anthocyanin content were found to be quite variable among genotypes and ranged from 1240 to 6958 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per 100 g fresh weight (FW) and 55.57 to 205.6 mg cyaniding-3-glucoside equivalents (CGE) per 100 g FW, respectively. The content of phosphorus and iron were between 155.52 to 263.06 mg per 100 g and 0.25 to 0.93 mg per 100 g, respectively. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the first and second components accounted for 44.05% and 60.50% of the total variance, and the major proportion of the first and second components were the morphometric properties and chemical traits of the cornelian cherry fruits. The results revealed that the characterized genotypes could be important for cornelian cherry breeders as ready crossing materials to obtain new cornelian cherry varieties and shows the potential of certain genotypes as a valuable source of natural antioxidants. The results may have served as a guide towards the development of sustainable production programs for cornelian cherries as well.
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Novel Insights on Plant Extracts to Prevent and Treat Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) represent one of the most widespread infections, and frequent recurrent episodes, induced mostly by uropathogenic Escherichia coli, make them increasingly difficult to treat. Long-term antibiotic therapy is an effective approach to treat recurrent UTI but generates adverse effects, including the emergence of pathogenic strains resistant to the vast majority of antibiotics. These drawbacks have enhanced the interest toward new alternatives based on plant extracts to prevent and treat recurrent UTI, especially in a synergistic antibiotic approach. Therefore, this review highlights the potential of some medicinal plants to be used in the management of recurrent UTI, including plants that have been approved for the treatment of urinary infections and promising, but less studied, plant candidates with proven anti-uropathogenic activity. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa Michx.), and cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) have great potential to be used for prevention or in a combined antibiotic therapy to cure UTI, but more studies and clinical trials in specific population groups are required. Further progress in developing plant-based products to cure rUTI will be supported by advances in UTI pathogenesis and human-based models for a better understanding of their pharmacological activities.
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Potential for Prebiotic Stabilized Cornus mas L. Lyophilized Extract in the Prophylaxis of Diabetes Mellitus in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020380. [PMID: 35204262 PMCID: PMC8868578 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a systemic disease, diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by the disruption of many glucose metabolic pathways. Therefore, it seems critical to study new therapies to support treatment to develop therapeutic systems that can operate across a broad metabolic spectrum. The current state of knowledge indicates an essential role of the gut microbiota in the development and course of the disease. Cornus mas fruits have demonstrated a rich biological activity profile and potential for application in the treatment of DM. As part of a preliminary analysis, the activity of four cultivars of Cornus mas fruits was analyzed. The cultivar Wydubieckij was selected as having the highest activity in in vitro conditions for further prebiotic system preparation. The study aimed to develop a unique therapeutic system based, first of all, on the mechanism of α-glucosidase inhibition and the antioxidant effect resulting from the activity of the plant extract used, combined with the prebiotic effect of inulin. The obtained system was characterized in vitro in terms of antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibition capacity, and was then tested on diabetic rats. The study was coupled with an analysis of changes in the intestinal microflora. The system of prebiotic stabilized Cornus mas L. lyophilized extract with inulin offers valuable support for the prophylaxis and treatment of DM.
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Effect of Cornus mas L. fruit extract on lipid accumulation product and cardiovascular indices in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 47:51-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Przeor M. Some Common Medicinal Plants with Antidiabetic Activity, Known and Available in Europe (A Mini-Review). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010065. [PMID: 35056122 PMCID: PMC8778315 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease that affected 9.3% of adults worldwide in 2019. Its co-occurrence is suspected to increase mortality from COVID-19. The treatment of diabetes is mainly based on the long-term use of pharmacological agents, often expensive and causing unpleasant side effects. There is an alarming increase in the number of pharmaceuticals taken in Europe. The aim of this paper is to concisely collect information concerning the few antidiabetic or hypoglycaemic raw plant materials that are present in the consciousness of Europeans and relatively easily accessible to them on the market and sometimes even grown on European plantations. The following raw materials are discussed in this mini-review: Morus alba L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum J.Presl, Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Zingiber officinale Rosc., and Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer in terms of scientifically tested antidiabetic activity and the presence of characteristic biologically active compounds and their specific properties, including antioxidant properties. The characteristics of these raw materials are based on in vitro as well as in vivo studies: on animals and in clinical studies. In addition, for each plant, the possibility to use certain morphological elements in the light of EFSA legislation is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Przeor
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
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29
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Odžaković B, Bodroža D, Kukrić Z, Topalić‐Trivunović L, Savić A, Sailović P. Nutritive composition and functionality of wild cornelian cherry fruit. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Božana Odžaković
- Faculty of Technology Banja Luka University of Banja Luka Banja Luka Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Darko Bodroža
- Faculty of Technology Banja Luka University of Banja Luka Banja Luka Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Zoran Kukrić
- Faculty of Technology Banja Luka University of Banja Luka Banja Luka Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Aleksandar Savić
- Faculty of Technology Banja Luka University of Banja Luka Banja Luka Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Pero Sailović
- Faculty of Technology Banja Luka University of Banja Luka Banja Luka Bosnia and Herzegovina
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30
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Mohammadi K, Alizadeh Sani M, Nattagh‐Eshtivani E, Yaribash S, Rahmani J, Shokrollahi Yancheshmeh B, Julian McClements D. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of cornelian cherry consumption on blood lipid profiles. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4629-4638. [PMID: 34401109 PMCID: PMC8358377 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds are claimed to improve blood lipid profiles and to provide protective effects against cardiovascular disease. For this reason, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that comprehensively investigated the effects of cornelian cherry supplementation on lipid profiles in rat models. Up to December 2020, 855 articles were screened, and finally, seven articles were selected as eligible for the meta-analysis. This meta-analysis revealed that cornelian cherry supplementation significantly decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (WMD = -6.38 mg/dl; 95% CI, -9.93 to-2.84; p < .001), triglyceride (TG) (WMD = -52.36 mg/dl; 95% CI, -80.50 to -24.22; p < .005), and cholesterol level (WMD = -37.16 mg/dl; 95% CI, -51.19 to -23.13; p < .005) in treated rats compared with control groups. A nonsignificant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level was observed (WMD = 4.21 mg/dl; 95% CI, -3.25 to 11.66; p = .268). These results suggest that cherry supplementation may have health effects by modifying lipid profiles. However, there is a need for more well-controlled human clinical trials to make more definitive conclusions about the potential health benefits of cherry supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyhan Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mahmood Alizadeh Sani
- Division of Food Safety and HygieneSchool of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Shakila Yaribash
- Faculty of PharmacyTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Jamal Rahmani
- Student Research CommitteeDepartment of Clinical Nutrition and DieteticsFaculty of Nutrition and Food TechnologyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Bayram HM, Majoo FM, Ozturkcan A. Polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An update of preclinical and clinical studies. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 44:1-14. [PMID: 34330452 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most urgent problems to be solved. To date, only a lifestyle modification related to diet and physical activity is considered for these patients. Polyphenols are a group of plant natural products that when regularly consumed has been related to a reduction in the risk of several metabolic disorders associated with NAFLD. In this study, we aimed to present an overview of the relationship between polyphenols and NAFLD with current approaches. METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search for articles on polyphenols and NAFLD published in English between January 2018 to August 2020. Keywords included in this review: "Phenolic" OR "Polyphenol" AND "Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease". The editorials, communications and conference abstracts were excluded. RESULTS Different polyphenols decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines in both serum and liver that contribute to a decrease in fatty liver dysfunction. Additionally, polyphenols may improve the regulation of adipokines and prevent hepatic steatosis. According to human clinical studies, polyphenols are promising for NAFLD patients and associated diseases that lead to NAFLD. CONCLUSION Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that various polyphenols could prevent steatosis and its progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, as well as ameliorate NAFLD. However, more clinical studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Merve Bayram
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Gelisim University, Avcilar, 34310, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Fuzail Mohammed Majoo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Gelisim University, Avcilar, 34310, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Arda Ozturkcan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Gelisim University, Avcilar, 34310, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Dumitrașcu L, Stănciuc N, Aprodu I. Encapsulation of Anthocyanins from Cornelian Cherry Fruits Using Heated or Non-Heated Soy Proteins. Foods 2021; 10:1342. [PMID: 34200745 PMCID: PMC8230403 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the effect of temperature on the potential of soy proteins to ensure the encapsulation and gastric stability of bioactives, such as anthocyanins from cornelian cherry fruits, was investigated. The powders obtained after freeze-drying were analyzed in relation to flow properties, encapsulation retention and efficiency, stability in simulated gastrointestinal medium, color, and morphology. Preheating the soy proteins generated a powder with low density. Powders obtained with native soy proteins allowed the highest encapsulation efficiency and the lowest was obtained when using preheated soy proteins. The heat treatment of the mixture of soy proteins and cornelian cherry fruits prior to encapsulation generated powders with the highest lightness and the lowest intensity of red shades among all samples. The in vitro experiments revealed that the highest protection in simulated gastric environment was provided when protein was heat treated either alone or in combination with bioactives to be encapsulated. The morphological analysis highlighted that powders consisted of large and rigid structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iuliana Aprodu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 800201 Galati, Romania; (L.D.); (N.S.)
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Szczepaniak OM, Kobus-Cisowska J, Nowosad K, Stuper-Szablewska K, Markowska J, Szulc P. Relationship of colour with the phytocompounds present in Cornus mas cultivars. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2021.1898420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. M. Szczepaniak
- Department of Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - J. Kobus-Cisowska
- Department of Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - K. Nowosad
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, the Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wrocław University of Life and Environmental Studies, Wrocław, Poland
| | - K. Stuper-Szablewska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - J. Markowska
- Frozen Food Technology and Refrigeration Department, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - P. Szulc
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Schmitzer V, Sircelj H, Stampar F, Slatnar A. Physico-chemical characterization of Cornus kousa Burg. fruit: determining optimal maturity for fresh consumption. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:778-785. [PMID: 32706119 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese dogwood (Cornus kousa Burg.) is a popular ornamental plant which develops edible compound fruit utilized in traditional Asian medicine. Previous compositional studies have focused on a small fraction of secondary metabolites at a single maturity stage. In order to address the question of optimal ripeness of Japanese dogwood fruit for consumption the study provides a comprehensive insight into its primary and secondary metabolic profile. RESULTS The aim of the study was to investigate biochemical composition and morphological traits of Japanese dogwood (Cornus kousa Burg.) fruit at four maturity stages: GF, green fruit; BF, fruit with a defined red blush; RF, ripe fruit; OF, over-ripe fruit. Fruit was characterized by a nearly spherical shape, decreased water content in later stages of ripeness and highest a* values at RF and OF stages. Total sugars increased significantly from GF to OF stage and total organic acids and vitamin C decreased with maturation. Japanese dogwood fruit was characterized by four major phenolic groups: anthocyanins (three), flavonols (eight) hydroxycinnamic acids (three) and flavonoids (one) as well as by four lipophilic antioxidants: tocopherols (two), xanthophylls (five), carotenes (two) and chlorophylls (two). The progression of fruit ripening caused faster accumulation of individual phenolic compounds and lipophilic antioxidants which resulted in significantly higher total phenolic content at the RF and OF stages. CONCLUSION Japanese dogwood fruit is a rich alternative source of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, flavonols and anthocyanins and should be consumed fresh at fully developed red colour of compound berries when their composition is optimal. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Schmitzer
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena Sircelj
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franci Stampar
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Slatnar
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Kalefetoğlu Macar T, Macar O, Yalçιn E, Çavuşoğlu K. Preventive efficiency of Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruit extract in diniconazole fungicide-treated Allium cepa L. roots. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2534. [PMID: 33510323 PMCID: PMC7844236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) is a medicinal plant with antioxidant-rich fruits. Diniconazole, a broad-spectrum fungicide, is employed extensively. The present study was designed to evaluate the preventive efficiency of C. mas fruit extract (CME) against the toxic effects of diniconazole on a model organism, Allium cepa L. For this aim, physiological, cytogenetic and biochemical parameters as well as the meristematic cell damages were investigated in A. cepa treated with diniconazole and C. mas extract. A. cepa bulbs were divided into six groups which were treated with tap water, 0.5 g/L CME, 1.0 g/L CME, 100 mg/L diniconazole, 0.5 g/L CME + 100 mg/L diniconazole and 1.0 g/L CME + 100 mg/L diniconazole, respectively. Diniconazole application caused a significant reduction in germination percentage, root elongation and total weight gain. Mitotic index decreased, while chromosomal aberrations increased following diniconazole application. Diniconazole caused significant rises in malondialdehyde content and the total activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes. The meristematic cell damages induced by diniconazole were indistinct transmission tissue, epidermis cell deformation, thickening of the cortex cell wall and flattened cell nucleus. Aqueous C. mas extracts induced a dose-dependent prevention and amelioration in all damages arisen from diniconazole application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğçe Kalefetoğlu Macar
- Department of Food Technology, Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Giresun University, 28400, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Oksal Macar
- Department of Food Technology, Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Giresun University, 28400, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Emine Yalçιn
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, 28049, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, 28049, Giresun, Turkey
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Bayram HM, Arda Ozturkcan S. Bioactive components and biological properties of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.): A comprehensive review. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Szczepaniak O, Cielecka-Piontek J, Kobus-Cisowska J. Hypoglycaemic, antioxidative and phytochemical evaluation of Cornus mas varieties. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) is a plant growing in Central and Eastern Europe. Its fruits are a rich source of anthocyanins, flavonoids and iridoids. Among the iridoids, loganic acid is the most prevalent. The study aimed to examine the relation between loganic acid content, antioxidant capacity and hypoglycaemic effect in vivo for three Polish cultivars of C. mas. All tested cultivars strongly inhibited α-glucosidase and had similar amounts of highly bioabsorbable loganic acid. The loganic acid content was similar for each cultivar tested, while the cultivars differed in content of flavonoids and anthocyanins. The highest antioxidant potential was observed in the fruits of cv. Szafer, and the highest α-glucosidase inhibitor was cv. P5. A statistical analysis has shown that hypoglycaemic properties are prevalently driven by anthocyanin content and the antioxidant capacity, especially ferric-reducing ability partially based on loganic acid.
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Efenberger-Szmechtyk M, Nowak A, Nowak A. Cytotoxic and DNA-Damaging Effects of Aronia melanocarpa, Cornus mas, and Chaenomeles superba Leaf Extracts on the Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Caco-2. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1030. [PMID: 33105657 PMCID: PMC7690406 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aronia melanocarpa, Cornus mas, and Chaenomeles superba leaf extracts contain large amounts of bioactive compounds-mainly polyphenols, which possess many health benefits including anti-cancer properties. Here, we investigate the biological effects of A. melanocarpa, C. mas, and C. superba leaf extracts on the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2. The antiproliferative activity of the extracts was measured using the MTT assay. The most cytotoxic extract was C. mas (IC50 = 0.60%). The extracts caused morphological changes in the Caco-2 cells, including partial detachment of cells, necrotic cells, chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic vacuolization, cell nuclei lysis, and nucleus fragmentation. The DNA damage in the Caco-2 cells after exposure to the leaf extracts was measured using the alkaline comet assay. The extracts increased DNA damage in a concentration dependent manner. However, at lower non-cyto- and non-genotoxic (IC0) concentrations the extracts induced DNA repair in Caco-2 cells after exposure to hydrogen peroxide. In conclusion, the results of these studies suggest that A. melanocarpa, C. mas and C. superba leaf extracts can show anticancer activity. However, further research is required on the mechanisms of anti-cancer activity by these extracts, with the application of more advanced and wide-ranging techniques including in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Efenberger-Szmechtyk
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Nowak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
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Sustainable Cornelian Cherry Production in Montenegro: Importance of Local Genetic Resources. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12208651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cornelian cherries has been grown Balkan peninsula no apparent disease and pest problems for centuries. The most important pomological and technological properties of cornelian cherry genetic resources (eleven local and introduced varieties and selections) in Gornje Polimlje, Montenegro were studied in four-year periods. Fruit weight, stone weight, and mesocarp/stone ratio shows great variation and varied between 1.89 to 6.16 g, 0.32 to 0.64 g and between 76.66 and 90.59%, respectively. Genotypes significantly differed each other in terms of yield determined as per trunk cross section area (TCSA). For better visualization of the agronomical traits important to the yield, i.e., yield per TCSA and fruit weight data is presented in combination as measured in the years of study. The best promising genotypes are Vladimirskiy, Chisinau yellow, and Krupnoplodni NS, which had consistently higher yield and large fruits for sustainable fruit production. Dry matter, total sugars, reducing sugars, sucrose, total acidity, Ca–pectate, vitamin C, total anthocyanins, total polyphenols, and ash content of cornelian cherry cultivars and selections were found between 19.81–24.46%, 10.94–14.47%, 10.44–13.09%, 0.24–1.23%, 1.92–2.51%, 2.76–4.43%, 41.09–101.27 mg/100 g, 0–157.06 mg/100 g, 183.91–307.9 mg/100 g, and 0.89–1.16%, respectively. The amount of potassium, which predominates in percentage of minerals in the ash, ranged from 2888 to 3574 mg/kg. The extensiveness of the study leads, therefore, to several clear conclusions and recommendations. Consistently, the best balance of biochemical elements in combination with good yield and fruit size measurements is found in selection Krupnoplodi NS. If consider fruit size and yield efficiency are priority, Vladimirskiy, Chisinau yellow, Kosten 3, and Krupnoplodni NS have clear advantage over the other genotypes. The study highlights the importance of local cornelian cherry selections for sustainable cornelian cherry production in Montenegro.
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Przybylska D, Kucharska AZ, Cybulska I, Sozański T, Piórecki N, Fecka I. Cornus mas L. Stones: A Valuable By-Product as an Ellagitannin Source with High Antioxidant Potential. Molecules 2020; 25:E4646. [PMID: 33053845 PMCID: PMC7587210 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The stone of Cornus mas L. remains the least known morphological part of this plant, whereas the fruit is appreciated for both consumption purposes and biological activity. The stone is considered to be a byproduct of fruit processing and very little is known about its phytochemical composition and biological properties. In this study, the complete qualitative determination of hydrolyzable tannins, their quantitative analysis, total polyphenolic content, and antioxidant properties of the stone of C. mas are presented for the first time. The 37 identified compounds included the following: various gallotannins (11), monomeric ellagitannins (7), dimeric ellagitannins (10), and trimeric ellagitannins (7). The presence of free gallic acid and ellagic acid was also reported. Our results demonstrate that C. mas stone is a source of various bioactive hydrolyzable tannins and shows high antioxidant activity which could allow potential utilization of this raw material for recovery of valuable pharmaceutical or nutraceutical substances. The principal novelty of our findings is that hydrolyzable tannins, unlike other polyphenols, have been earlier omitted in the evaluation of the biological activities of C. mas. Additionally, the potential recovery of these bioactive chemicals from the byproduct is in line with the ideas of green chemistry and sustainable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Przybylska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Alicja Z. Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Iwona Cybulska
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Pharmacology, Wrocław Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Narcyz Piórecki
- Arboretum and Institute of Physiography in Bolestraszyce, 37-700 Przemyśl, Poland;
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, Towarnickiego 3, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Izabela Fecka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
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Moldovan B, David L. Influence of Different Sweeteners on the Stability of Anthocyanins from Cornelian Cherry Juice. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091266. [PMID: 32927602 PMCID: PMC7555036 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelian cherries are red fruits which can be considered as a valuable dietary source of antioxidant biologically active compounds, especially anthocyanins. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the anthocyanins degradation process in Cornelian cherry juice supplemented with different sweeteners. Four formulations of Cornelian cherry juice were prepared using different sugars (sucrose, fructose) or artificial sweeteners (aspartame and acesulfame potassium). The obtained juices were stored at three distinct temperatures (2 °C, 25 °C, and 75 °C) in order to evaluate the effects of the sweetener and storage conditions on the pigment stability. The rate constants (k) and the half time values (t1/2) of the degradation processes were determined. The highest stability was observed for the anthocyanins from the unsweetened juice stored at 2 °C (k = 0.5·10-3 h-1), while the most accelerated degradation was registered for the fructose sweetened juice stored at 75 °C (k = 91.65·10-3 h-1). The presence of the different sweeteners in the Cornelian cherry juice affects their pigment stability during storage. The highest change in the retention of anthocyanins was determined by the presence of fructose, while acesulfame potassium had the less deleterious effect.
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BAYRAM HM, ÖZTÜRKCAN A. Antosiyanince Zengin Kiraz Grubu Meyvelerin İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkilerini İnceleyen Klinik Çalışmalara Bir Bakış. İSTANBUL GELIŞIM ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.38079/igusabder.748640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Functional Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Morus alba L. Leaves var. Zolwinska Wielkolistna (WML-P)-The Effect of Controlled Conditioning Process. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080668. [PMID: 32722613 PMCID: PMC7463858 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of adding a new step, termed conditioning, to the traditional processing of leaves from Morus alba var. zolwinska wielkolistna grown in Poland (WML-P). This step, modeled on tea leaves processing, was conducted in a controlled environment on a semi-technical scale. The primary goal was to evaluate the effect of the WML-P conditioning for 1–4 h at 32–35 °C on the content of bioactive compounds (total phenolics, phenolic acids, flavonols, 1-deoxynojirimycin) and antioxidant activity (radical scavenging against DPPH, antioxidant capacity, chelating activity and ferric reducing antioxidant potential) of the lyophilized extracts. For the first time WML-P extracts content was comprehensively characterized by assessing dietary fiber fractions, fatty acids, amino acids, macro- and microelements and chlorophyll content. Compared to the traditional process, adding the conditioning step to WML-P processing resulted in an increased total phenolics content, radical scavenging capacity, ability to quench 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and iron-chelating ability in the lyophilized extracts. The beneficial effect depended on conditioning time. The highest flavonols and phenolic acids content were found after 2-h conditioning. We concluded that adding a 2-h conditioning step to traditional WML-P processing results in getting WML-P lyophilized extract with increased bioactive compounds content and high antioxidant activity.
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Efenberger-Szmechtyk M, Nowak A, Czyżowska A, Kucharska AZ, Fecka I. Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot, Cornus mas L. and Chaenomeles superba Lindl. Leaf Extracts. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092011. [PMID: 32344904 PMCID: PMC7248868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the composition of leaf extracts from Aronia melanocarpa, Chaenomeles superba, and Cornus mas, and their antimicrobial activity against typical spoilage-causing and pathogenic bacteria found in meat and meat products. The highest total phenolic content (TPC) was detected in C. superba extract, followed by C. mas and A. melanocarpa extracts. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was measured by DPPH and ABTS assays. The lowest IC50 values were found for C. superba extract, followed by C. mas and A. melanocarpa extracts. LC-MS and HPLC analysis revealed that A. melanocarpa and C. superba extracts contained hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids (mainly flavonols). Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were detected in the C. mas extract, as well as flavonols, ellagitannins, and iridoids. The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was tested against Gram-negative bacteria (Moraxella osloensis, Pseudomonas fragi, Acinetobacter baumanii, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella enterica) and Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Brochothrix thermosphacta, Lactobacillus sakei, Listeria monocytogenes) using the microculture method. The extracts acted as bacteriostatic agents, decreasing the growth rate (µmax) and extending the lag phase (tlag). C. mas showed most potent antibacterial activity, as confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Efenberger-Szmechtyk
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.N.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-426313479
| | - Agnieszka Nowak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Agata Czyżowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Alicja Z. Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Izabela Fecka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
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Beneficial Effects of Cornelian Cherries on Lipid Profile and NO/ROS Balance in Obese Zucker Rats: Comparison with CoQ10. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081922. [PMID: 32326295 PMCID: PMC7221736 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelian cherries (CCs) belong to promising anti-obesity substances. We aimed to study effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and two varieties of CCs on lipid profile, ROS, and nitric oxide (NO) production in obese rats. Male Zucker rats were divided into the control group and groups treated with CoQ10 (30mg/kg/day), or CC varieties: Koralovij Marka (KM) and Wild Type (WT) (5 g/kg/day, n = 6 in each group) for 6 weeks. Blood pressure (BP), bodyweight, relative heart weight, and plasma lipid profile were determined. NOS activity and expressions of eNOS, SOD, and NADPH oxidase were determined in the left ventricle (LV) and aorta. Among CC groups, KM decreased bodyweight and WT relative heart weight. Neither CoQ10 nor CCs affected BP. CoQ10 did not affect lipid profile and NOS activity either in the LV or aorta. On the other hand, WT decreased cholesterol and LDL levels. KM and WT increased NOS activity in the aorta, while not affecting the activity in the LV. KM increased eNOS expression and did not affect ROS production, while WT increased SOD and decreased NADPH oxidase without affecting eNOS expressions in both tissues. In conclusion, CCs showed better beneficial effects than CoQ10 in all parameters studied.
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Szczepaniak OM, Ligaj M, Kobus-Cisowska J, Maciejewska P, Tichoniuk M, Szulc P. Application for novel electrochemical screening of antioxidant potential and phytochemicals in Cornus mas extracts. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2019.1653378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Marek Szczepaniak
- Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Foods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Ligaj
- Department of Non-Food Products Quality and Packaging Development, Poznan University of Economics and Business, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Kobus-Cisowska
- Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Foods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Maciejewska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Tichoniuk
- Department of Non-Food Products Quality and Packaging Development, Poznan University of Economics and Business, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Szulc
- Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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