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Sansare A, Magalhaes TNC, Bernard JA. Relationships between balance performance and connectivity of motor cortex with primary somatosensory cortex and cerebellum in middle aged and older adults. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.29.587335. [PMID: 38853847 PMCID: PMC11160571 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.29.587335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Connectivity of somatosensory cortex (S1) and cerebellum with the motor cortex (M1) is critical for balance control. While both S1-M1 and cerebellar-M1 connections are affected with aging, the implications of altered connectivity for balance control are not known. We investigated the relationship between S1-M1 and cerebellar-M1 connectivity and standing balance in middle-aged and older adults. Our secondary objective was to investigate how cognition affected the relationship between connectivity and balance. Our results show that greater S1-M1 and cerebellar-M1 connectivity was related to greater postural sway during standing. This may be indicative of an increase in functional recruitment of additional brain networks to maintain upright balance despite differences in network connectivity. Also, cognition moderated the relationship between S1-M1 connectivity and balance, such that those with lower cognition had a stronger relationship between connectivity and balance performance. It may be that individuals with poor cognition need increased recruitment of brain regions (compensation for cognitive declines) and in turn, higher wiring costs, which would be associated with increased functional connectivity.
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Mirdamadi JL, Ting LH, Borich MR. Distinct Cortical Correlates of Perception and Motor Function in Balance Control. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1520232024. [PMID: 38413231 PMCID: PMC11007305 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1520-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluctuations in brain activity alter how we perceive our body and generate movements but have not been investigated in functional whole-body behaviors. During reactive balance, we recently showed that evoked brain activity is associated with the balance ability in young individuals. Furthermore, in PD, impaired whole-body motion perception in reactive balance is associated with impaired balance. Here, we investigated the brain activity during the whole-body motion perception in reactive balance in young adults (9 female, 10 male). We hypothesized that both ongoing and evoked cortical activity influences the efficiency of information processing for successful perception and movement during whole-body behaviors. We characterized two cortical signals using electroencephalography localized to the SMA: (1) the "N1," a perturbation-evoked potential that decreases in amplitude with expectancy and is larger in individuals with lower balance function, and (2) preperturbation β power, a transient rhythm that favors maintenance of the current sensorimotor state and is inversely associated with tactile perception. In a two-alternative forced choice task, participants judged whether pairs of backward support surface perturbations during standing were in the "same" or "different" direction. As expected, lower whole-body perception was associated with lower balance ability. Within a perturbation pair, N1 attenuation was larger on correctly perceived trials and associated with better balance, but not perception. In contrast, preperturbation β power was higher on incorrectly perceived trials and associated with poorer perception, but not balance. Together, ongoing and evoked cortical activity have unique roles in information processing that give rise to distinct associations with perceptual and balance ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine L Mirdamadi
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Lena H Ting
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Michael R Borich
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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Mirdamadi JL, Ting LH, Borich MR. Distinct cortical correlates of perception and motor function in balance control. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.22.554282. [PMID: 37662247 PMCID: PMC10473579 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.22.554282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations in brain state alter how we perceive our body and generate movements but have not been investigated in functional whole-body behaviors. During reactive balance control, we recently showed that evoked brain activity is associated with balance ability in healthy young individuals. Further, in individuals with Parkinson's disease, impairments in whole-body motion perception in reactive balance are associated with clinical balance impairment. Here we investigated brain activity during whole-body motion perception in reactive balance in healthy young adults. We hypothesized that flexibility in brain states underlies successful perception and movement during whole-body movement. We characterized two cortical sensorimotor signals using electroencephalography localized to the supplementary motor area: 1) the "N1 response", a perturbation-evoked potential that decreases in amplitude with expectancy and is larger in individuals with lower balance function; and 2) pre-perturbation beta oscillatory activity, a rhythm that favors maintenance of the current sensorimotor state and is inversely associated with perception in seated somatosensory perceptual tasks. In a two-alternative forced choice task, participants judged whether pairs of backward support-surface perturbations during standing were in the "same" or "different" direction. As expected, lower whole-body perception was associated with lower balance ability. Within a perturbation pair, N1 attenuation was larger on correctly perceived trials and associated with better balance, but not perception. In contrast, pre-perturbation beta power was higher on incorrectly perceived trials and associated with poorer perception, but not balance. Taken together, flexibility in different cortical processes influences perceptual accuracy but have distinct associations with balance and perceptual ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine L. Mirdamadi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lena H. Ting
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael R. Borich
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Anazawa S, Yamashiro K, Makibuchi T, Ikarashi K, Fujimoto T, Ochi G, Sato D. Sex Differences in Excitatory and Inhibitory Function in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex during the Early Follicular Phase: A Preliminary Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050761. [PMID: 37239233 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We examined sex differences in the excitatory and inhibitory functions of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) between males and females during the early follicular phase, when estradiol hormones are unaffected. METHODS Fifty participants (25 males and 25 females) underwent measurement of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and paired-pulse inhibition (PPI) in the S1; SEPs and PPI were elicited by constant current square-wave pulses (0.2 ms duration) delivered to the right median nerve by electrical stimulation. Paired-pulse stimulation occurred at 30- and 100-ms interstimulus intervals. Participants were randomly presented with 1500 (500 stimuli each) single- and paired-pulse stimuli at 2 Hz. RESULTS The N20 amplitude was significantly larger in female subjects than in male subjects, and the PPI-30 ms was significantly potentiated in female subjects compared to that in male subjects. CONCLUSIONS The excitatory and inhibitory functions in S1 differ between male and female subjects, at least during the early follicular phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Anazawa
- Field of Health and Sports, Graduate School of Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Koya Yamashiro
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Taiki Makibuchi
- Field of Health and Sports, Graduate School of Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Koyuki Ikarashi
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Tomomi Fujimoto
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Genta Ochi
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
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5
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Wirak GS, Florman J, Alkema MJ, Connor CW, Gabel CV. Age-associated changes to neuronal dynamics involve a disruption of excitatory/inhibitory balance in C. elegans. eLife 2022; 11:72135. [PMID: 35703498 PMCID: PMC9273219 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the aging brain, many of the alterations underlying cognitive and behavioral decline remain opaque. C. elegans offers a powerful model for aging research, with a simple, well-studied nervous system to further our understanding of the cellular modifications and functional alterations accompanying senescence. We perform multi-neuronal functional imaging across the aged C. elegans nervous system, measuring an age-associated breakdown in system-wide functional organization. At single-cell resolution, we detect shifts in activity dynamics toward higher frequencies. In addition, we measure a specific loss of inhibitory signaling that occurs early in the aging process and alters the systems critical excitatory/inhibitory balance. These effects are recapitulated with mutation of the calcium channel subunit UNC-2/CaV2a. We find that manipulation of inhibitory GABA signaling can partially ameliorate or accelerate the effects of aging. The effects of aging are also partially mitigated by disruption of the insulin signaling pathway, known to increase longevity, or by a reduction of caspase activation. Data from mammals are consistent with our findings, suggesting a conserved shift in the balance of excitatory/inhibitory signaling with age that leads to breakdown in global neuronal dynamics and functional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Wirak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | - Jeremy Florman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Mark J Alkema
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Christopher W Connor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Christopher V Gabel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University, Boston, United States
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6
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Yildiz CB, Zimmer-Bensch G. Role of DNMTs in the Brain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1389:363-394. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11454-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Petitet P, Spitz G, Emir UE, Johansen-Berg H, O'Shea J. Age-related decline in cortical inhibitory tone strengthens motor memory. Neuroimage 2021; 245:118681. [PMID: 34728243 PMCID: PMC8752967 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing disrupts the finely tuned excitation/inhibition balance (E:I) across cortex via a natural decline in inhibitory tone (γ-amino butyric acid, GABA), causing functional decrements. However, in young adults, experimentally lowering GABA in sensorimotor cortex enhances a specific domain of sensorimotor function: adaptation memory. Here, we tested the hypothesis that as sensorimotor cortical GABA declines naturally with age, adaptation memory would increase, and the former would explain the latter. Results confirmed this prediction. To probe causality, we used brain stimulation to further lower sensorimotor cortical GABA during adaptation. Across individuals, how stimulation changed memory depended on sensorimotor cortical E:I. In those with low E:I, stimulation increased memory; in those with high E:I stimulation reduced memory. Thus, we identified a form of motor memory that is naturally strengthened by age, depends causally on sensorimotor cortex neurochemistry, and may be a potent target for motor skill preservation strategies in healthy ageing and neurorehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Petitet
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (NDCN), John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Equipe Trajectoires, Inserm UMR-S 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Lyon 1, Bron, France.
| | - Gershon Spitz
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (NDCN), John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Uzay E Emir
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
| | - Heidi Johansen-Berg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (NDCN), John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Jacinta O'Shea
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (NDCN), John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity (OHBA), University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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8
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Spooner RK, Taylor BK, L'Heureux E, Schantell M, Arif Y, May PE, Morsey B, Wang T, Ideker T, Fox HS, Wilson TW. Stress-induced aberrations in sensory processing predict worse cognitive outcomes in healthy aging adults. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:19996-20015. [PMID: 34410999 PMCID: PMC8436901 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
It is well recognized that not all individuals age equivalently, with functional dependence attributable, at least in part, to stress accumulated across the lifespan. Amongst these dependencies are age-related declines in cognitive function, which may be the result of impaired inhibitory processing (e.g., sensory gating). Herein, we examined the unique roles of life and biological stress on somatosensory gating dynamics in 74 adults (22-72 years old). Participants completed a sensory gating paired-pulse electrical stimulation paradigm of the right median nerve during magnetoencephalography (MEG) and data were subjected to advanced oscillatory and time-domain analysis methods. We observed separable mechanisms by which increasing levels of life and biological stress predicted higher oscillatory gating ratios, indicative of age-related impairments in inhibitory function. Specifically, elevations in life stress significantly modulated the neural response to the first stimulation in the pair, while elevations in biological stress significantly modulated the neural response to the second stimulation in the pair. In contrast, neither elevations in life nor biological stress significantly predicted the gating of time-domain neural activity in the somatosensory cortex. Finally, our study is the first to link stress-induced decline in sensory gating to cognitive dysfunction, suggesting that gating paradigms may hold promise for detecting discrepant functional trajectories in age-related pathologies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Spooner
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE 68010, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Brittany K Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE 68010, USA
| | - Emma L'Heureux
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mikki Schantell
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE 68010, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yasra Arif
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE 68010, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Pamela E May
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Brenda Morsey
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Tina Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
| | - Howard S Fox
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE 68010, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Sun HH, Lin MY, Nouchi R, Wang PN, Cheng CH. Neuromagnetic evidence of abnormal automatic inhibitory function in subjective memory complaint. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3350-3361. [PMID: 33754412 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Subjective memory complaint (SMC), a self-perceived worsening in memory capacity concurrent with normal performance on standardized cognitive assessments, is considered a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Deficient sensory gating (SG), referring to the lack of automatic inhibition of neural responses to the second identical stimulus, has been documented in prodromal and incident AD patients. However, it remains unknown whether the cognitively normal elderly with SMC demonstrate alterations of SG function compared with those without SMC. A total of 19 healthy controls (HC) and 16 SMC subjects were included in the present study. Neural responses to the auditory paired-stimulus paradigm were recorded by the magnetoencephalography and analyzed by the distributed source imaging method of minimum norm estimate. The SG of M50 and M100 components were measured using the amplitude ratio of the second response over the first response at the cortical level. Compared to HC, subjects with SMC showed significantly increased M50 SG ratios in the inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Furthermore, M50 SG ratios in the right IPL yielded an acceptable discriminative ability to distinguish SMC from HC. However, we did not find a significant association between SG ratios and cognitive function requiring inhibitory control either in the HC or SMC group. In conclusion, although SMC subjects have intact cognitive functioning revealed by objective neuropsychological tests, their deficits in automatic inhibitory function could be detected through neurophysiological recordings. Our results suggest that altered brain function occurs in SMC prior to the obvious decline of cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Hsuan Sun
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND Lab), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Bali Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yin Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Smart Aging Research Center (S.A.R.C), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Pei-Ning Wang
- Division of General Neurology, Department of Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND Lab), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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10
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Vallinoja J, Jaatela J, Nurmi T, Piitulainen H. Gating Patterns to Proprioceptive Stimulation in Various Cortical Areas: An MEG Study in Children and Adults using Spatial ICA. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:1523-1537. [PMID: 33140082 PMCID: PMC7869097 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprioceptive paired-stimulus paradigm was used for 30 children (10-17 years) and 21 adult (25-45 years) volunteers in magnetoencephalography (MEG). Their right index finger was moved twice with 500-ms interval every 4 ± 25 s (repeated 100 times) using a pneumatic-movement actuator. Spatial-independent component analysis (ICA) was applied to identify stimulus-related components from MEG cortical responses. Clustering was used to identify spatiotemporally consistent components across subjects. We found a consistent primary response in the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex with similar gating ratios of 0.72 and 0.69 for the children and adults, respectively. Secondary responses with similar transient gating behavior were centered bilaterally in proximity of the lateral sulcus. Delayed and prolonged responses with strong gating were found in the frontal and parietal cortices possibly corresponding to larger processing network of somatosensory afference. No significant correlation between age and gating ratio was found. We confirmed that cortical gating to proprioceptive stimuli is comparable to other somatosensory and auditory domains, and between children and adults. Gating occurred broadly beyond SI cortex. Spatial ICA revealed several consistent response patterns in various cortical regions which would have been challenging to detect with more commonly applied equivalent current dipole or distributed source estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Vallinoja
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Julia Jaatela
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Timo Nurmi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Espoo, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Harri Piitulainen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Espoo, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Aalto NeuroImaging, MEG Core, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Espoo, Finland
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11
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Cheng CH, Liu CY, Hsu SC, Tseng YJ. Reduced coupling of somatosensory gating and gamma oscillation in panic disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 307:111227. [PMID: 33248324 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that patients with panic disorder (PD) exhibited an aberrant level of GABA concentration, an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human brain. However, it remains substantially unclear whether the inhibitory function regarding the neurophysiological characteristics is altered in this disease. Sensory gating (SG) is considered as an automatic inhibitory function in the sensory cortex. In addition, brain's gamma oscillation within the sensory cortex is another index to reflect inhibitory function. Here we aimed to investigate whether the patients with PD showed altered inhibitory function in the somatosensory system, including the primary (SI) and secondary (SII) somatosensory cortices. A total of 20 healthy controls and 21 patients with PD underwent magnetoencephalographic recordings. Paired-pulse and single-pulse paradigms were used to study SG and gamma oscillations, respectively. There were no significant between-group differences in the SG function in the SI and SII. However, patients with PD demonstrated a reduced gamma power in the SI. Among the healthy individuals, strong associations between SG ratios and gamma frequency values were observed in the SI. However, such a functional relationship disappeared among the patients with PD. We suggested the reduced coupling of SG and gamma oscillation as one of the neural signatures in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND Lab), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yih Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jhan Tseng
- Department of Medical Research, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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12
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Hahn A, Pensold D, Bayer C, Tittelmeier J, González-Bermúdez L, Marx-Blümel L, Linde J, Groß J, Salinas-Riester G, Lingner T, von Maltzahn J, Spehr M, Pieler T, Urbach A, Zimmer-Bensch G. DNA Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) Function Is Implicated in the Age-Related Loss of Cortical Interneurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:639. [PMID: 32793592 PMCID: PMC7387673 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased life expectancy in modern society comes at the cost of age-associated disabilities and diseases. Aged brains not only show reduced excitability and plasticity, but also a decline in inhibition. Age-associated defects in inhibitory circuits likely contribute to cognitive decline and age-related disorders. Molecular mechanisms that exert epigenetic control of gene expression contribute to age-associated neuronal impairments. Both DNA methylation, mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and histone modifications maintain neuronal function throughout lifespan. Here we provide evidence that DNMT1 function is implicated in the age-related loss of cortical inhibitory interneurons. Dnmt1 deletion in parvalbumin-positive interneurons attenuates their age-related decline in the cerebral cortex. Moreover, conditional Dnmt1-deficient mice show improved somatomotor performance and reduced aging-associated transcriptional changes. A decline in the proteostasis network, responsible for the proper degradation and removal of defective proteins, is implicated in age- and disease-related neurodegeneration. Our data suggest that DNMT1 acts indirectly on interneuron survival in aged mice by modulating the proteostasis network during life-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hahn
- Department of Functional Epigenetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Pensold
- Department of Functional Epigenetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Functional Epigenetics in the Animal Model, Institute of Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cathrin Bayer
- Department of Functional Epigenetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Functional Epigenetics in the Animal Model, Institute of Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jessica Tittelmeier
- Department of Functional Epigenetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Lourdes González-Bermúdez
- Department of Functional Epigenetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Marx-Blümel
- Department of Functional Epigenetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jenice Linde
- Department of Functional Epigenetics in the Animal Model, Institute of Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Research Training Group 2416 MultiSenses - MultiScales, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jonas Groß
- Department of Functional Epigenetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas-Riester
- Transcriptome and Genome Analysis Laboratory (TAL), Department of Developmental Biochemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Lingner
- Transcriptome and Genome Analysis Laboratory (TAL), Department of Developmental Biochemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia von Maltzahn
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Marc Spehr
- Research Training Group 2416 MultiSenses - MultiScales, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Chemosensation, Institute of Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tomas Pieler
- Centre for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Department of Developmental Biochemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Urbach
- Institute of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Geraldine Zimmer-Bensch
- Department of Functional Epigenetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Functional Epigenetics in the Animal Model, Institute of Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Research Training Group 2416 MultiSenses - MultiScales, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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13
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Tai RY, Zhu JD, Cheng CH, Tseng YJ, Chen CC, Hsieh YW. Cortical neural activity evoked by bilateral and unilateral mirror therapy after stroke. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:2333-2340. [PMID: 32828035 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the differential effects of bilateral and unilateral mirror therapy (MT) on motor cortical activations in stroke patients by magnetoencephalography (MEG). METHODS Sixteen stroke patients and 16 right-handed healthy volunteers were recruited. All participants were required to perform 4 conditions: resting, no mirror with bilateral hand movements (Bilateral-No mirror), mirror with bilateral hand movements (Bilateral-Mirror) and mirror with unilateral hand movements (Unilateral-Mirror). Beta oscillatory activities in the primary motor cortex (M1) were collected during each condition using MEG. The percentage change of beta oscillatory activity was calculated for each condition to correct the baseline differences. RESULTS In the stroke group, the percentage change of M1 beta oscillatory activity significantly decreased more in the Bilateral-Mirror condition than in the Bilateral-No mirror and Unilateral-Mirror conditions. In the healthy group, no significant differences in the percentage change of beta oscillatory activity were found among the 3 conditions. Further, a significant difference in the percentage change of beta oscillatory activity only in the Bilateral-Mirror condition was found between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new information on the differential cortical activations modulated by bilateral and unilateral MT. SIGNIFICANCE Bilateral MT led to greater M1 neural activities than unilateral MT and bilateral movements without a mirror in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Yi Tai
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ding Zhu
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jhan Tseng
- Department of Medical Research, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chi Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
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14
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Bi D, Wen L, Wu Z, Shen Y. GABAergic dysfunction in excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) imbalance drives the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1312-1329. [PMID: 32543726 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To propose a new hypothesis that GABAergic dysfunction in excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) imbalance drives the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). BACKGROUND Synaptic dysfunction and E/I imbalance emerge decades before the appearance of cognitive decline in AD patients, which contribute to neurodegeneration. Initially, E/I imbalance was thought to occur first, due to dysfunction of the glutamatergic and cholinergic systems. However, new evidence has demonstrated that the GABAergic system, the counterpart of E/I balance and the major inhibitory neurotransmitter system in the central nervous system, is altered enormously and that this contributes to E/I imbalance and further AD pathogenesis. NEW HYPOTHESIS Alterations to the GABAergic system, induced by multiple AD pathogenic or risk factors, contribute to E/I imbalance and AD pathogenesis. MAJOR CHALLENGES FOR THE HYPOTHESIS This GABAergic hypothesis accounts for many critical questions and common challenges confronting a new hypothesis of AD pathogenesis. More specifically, it explains why amyloid beta (Aβ), β-secretase (BACE1), apolipoprotein E4 gene (APOE ε4), hyperactive glia cells, contributes to AD pathogenesis and why age and sex are the risk factors of AD. GABAergic dysfunction promotes the spread of Aβ pathology throughout the AD brain and associated cognitive impairments, and the induction of dysfunction induced by these varied risk factors shares this common neurobiology leading to E/I imbalance. In turn, some of these factors exacerbate GABAergic dysfunction and E/I imbalance. Moreover, the GABAergic system modulates various brain functions and thus, the GABAergic hypothesis accounts for nonamnestic manifestations. Furthermore, corrections of E/I balance through manipulation of GABAergic functions have shown positive outcomes in preclinical and clinical studies, suggesting the potential of the GABAergic system as a therapeutic target in AD. LINKAGE TO OTHER MAJOR THEORIES Dysfunction of the GABAergic system is induced by multiple critical signaling pathways, which include the existing major theories of AD pathogenesis, such as the Aβ and neuroinflammation hypotheses. In a new perspective, this GABAergic hypothesis accounts for the E/I imbalance and related excitotoxicity, which contribute to cognitive decline and AD pathogenesis. Therefore, the GABAergic system could be a key target to restore, at least partially, the E/I balance and cognitive function in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlei Bi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lang Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zujun Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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15
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Spooner RK, Wiesman AI, O'Neill J, Schantell MD, Fox HS, Swindells S, Wilson TW. Prefrontal gating of sensory input differentiates cognitively impaired and unimpaired aging adults with HIV. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa080. [PMID: 32954330 PMCID: PMC7472908 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite effective therapies that have extended the life expectancy of persons living with HIV, 35-70% of these adults still develop some form of cognitive impairment, and with a growing population of aging adults with HIV, the prevalence of these cognitive deficits is likely to increase. The mechanisms underlying these HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders remain poorly understood but are often accelerated by the aging process and accompanied by disturbances in sensory processing, which may contribute to the observed cognitive decline. The goal of the current study was to identify the impact of aging on HIV-related alterations in inhibitory processing and determine whether such alterations are related to cognitive impairment in neuroHIV. We used magnetoencephalographic imaging, advanced time series analysis methods, and a paired-pulse stimulation paradigm to interrogate inhibitory processing in 87 HIV-infected aging adults and 92 demographically matched uninfected controls (22-72 years old). Whole-brain maps linking age and neural indices were computed for each group and compared via Fisher's Z transformations. Peak voxel time-series data were also extracted from the resulting images to quantify the dynamics of spontaneous neural activity preceding stimulation onset in each group. Whole-brain analyses using the somatosensory gating index, a metric of inhibitory processing and age distinguished impaired adults with HIV from unimpaired HIV-infected adults and controls. Briefly, younger cognitively impaired adults with HIV strongly utilized the prefrontal cortices to gate somatosensory input, and the role of this region in gating was uniquely and significantly modulated by aging only in impaired adults with HIV. Spontaneous neural activity preceding stimulus onset was also significantly elevated in the prefrontal cortices of those with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, and this elevation was significantly related to the CD4 nadir across both HIV-infected groups. This is the first study to examine the impact of aging on inhibitory processing in HIV-infected adults with and without cognitive impairment. Our findings suggest that young adults with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder utilize the prefrontal cortices to gate (i.e. suppress) redundant somatosensory input, and that this capacity uniquely diminishes with advancing age in impaired adults with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Spooner
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA.,Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Alex I Wiesman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA.,Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jennifer O'Neill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mikki D Schantell
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA.,Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard S Fox
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Susan Swindells
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA.,Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
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16
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Spooner RK, Eastman JA, Wiesman AI, Wilson TW. Methodological considerations for a better somatosensory gating paradigm: The impact of the inter-stimulus interval. Neuroimage 2020; 220:117048. [PMID: 32544524 PMCID: PMC7593607 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory gating (SG) is a neurophysiological phenomenon whereby the response to the second stimulus in a repetitive pair is attenuated. This filtering of irrelevant or redundant information is thought to preserve neural resources for more behaviorally-relevant stimuli and thereby reflect the functional inhibition of sensory input. Developing a SG paradigm in which optimal suppression of sensory input is achieved requires investigators to consider numerous parameters such as stimulus intensity, time between stimulus pairs, and the inter-stimulus interval (ISI) within each pair. While these factors have been well defined for the interrogation of auditory gating, the precise parameters for eliciting optimal gating in the somatosensory domain are far less understood. To address this, we investigated the impact of varying the ISI within each identical pair of stimuli on gating using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Specifically, 25 healthy young adults underwent paired-pulse electrical stimulation of the median nerve with increasing ISIs between 100 and 1000 ms (in 100 ms increments). Importantly, for correspondence with previous studies of somatosensory gating, both time-domain and oscillatory neural responses to somatosensory stimulation were evaluated. Our results indicated that gating of somatosensory input was optimal (i.e., best suppression) for trials with an ISI of 200-220 ms, as evidenced by the smallest gating ratios and through statistical modeling estimations of optimal suppression. Importantly, this was true irrespective of whether oscillatory or evoked neural activity was used to calculate SG. Interestingly, oscillatory metrics of gating calculated using peak gamma (30-75 Hz) power and frequency revealed more robust gating (i.e., smaller ratios) than those calculated using time-domain neural responses, suggesting that high frequency oscillations may provide a more sensitive measure of SG. These findings have important implications for the development of optimal protocols and analysis pipelines to interrogate SG and inhibitory processing with a higher degree of sensitivity and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Spooner
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA; Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jacob A Eastman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA; Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Alex I Wiesman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA; Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA; Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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17
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Spooner RK, Wiesman AI, Proskovec AL, Heinrichs-Graham E, Wilson TW. Rhythmic Spontaneous Activity Mediates the Age-Related Decline in Somatosensory Function. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:680-688. [PMID: 29342238 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory gating is a neurophysiological process whereby the response to a second stimulus in a pair of identical stimuli is attenuated, and it is thought to reflect the capacity of the CNS to preserve neural resources for behaviorally relevant stimuli. Such gating is observed across multiple sensory modalities and is modulated by age, but the mechanisms involved are not understood. In this study, we examined somatosensory gating in 68 healthy adults using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and advanced oscillatory and time-domain analysis methods. MEG data underwent source reconstruction and peak voxel time series data were extracted to evaluate the dynamics of somatosensory gating, and the impact of spontaneous neural activity immediately preceding the stimulation. We found that gating declined with increasing age and that older adults had significantly reduced gating relative to younger adults, suggesting impaired local inhibitory function. Most importantly, older adults had significantly elevated spontaneous activity preceding the stimulation, and this effect fully mediated the impact of aging on sensory gating. In conclusion, gating in the somatosensory system declines with advancing age and this effect is directly tied to increased spontaneous neural activity in the primary somatosensory cortices, which is likely secondary to age-related declines in local GABA inhibitory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Spooner
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Alex I Wiesman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amy L Proskovec
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska - Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
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18
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Proskovec AL, Spooner RK, Wiesman AI, Wilson TW. Local cortical thickness predicts somatosensory gamma oscillations and sensory gating: A multimodal approach. Neuroimage 2020; 214:116749. [PMID: 32199953 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two largely distinct bodies of research have demonstrated age-related alterations and disease-specific aberrations in both local gamma oscillations and patterns of cortical thickness. However, seldom has the relationship between gamma activity and cortical thickness been investigated. Herein, we combine the spatiotemporal precision of magnetoencephalography (MEG) with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and surface-based morphometry to characterize the relationships between somatosensory gamma oscillations and the thickness of the cortical tissue generating the oscillations in 94 healthy adults (age range: 22-72). Specifically, a series of regressions were computed to assess the relationships between thickness of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), S1 gamma response power, peak gamma frequency, and somatosensory gating of identical stimuli. Our results indicated that increased S1 thickness significantly predicted greater S1 gamma response power, reduced peak gamma frequency, and improved somatosensory gating. Furthermore, peak gamma frequency significantly and partially mediated the relationship between S1 thickness and the magnitude of the S1 gamma response. Finally, advancing age significantly predicted reduced S1 thickness and decreased gating of redundant somatosensory stimuli. Notably, this is the first study to directly link somatosensory gamma oscillations to local cortical thickness. Our results demonstrate a multi-faceted relationship between structure and function, and have important implications for understanding age- and disease-related deficits in basic sensory processing and higher-order inhibitory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Proskovec
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, UNMC, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska - Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA; Magnetoencephalography Center of Excellence, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Rachel K Spooner
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, UNMC, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Alex I Wiesman
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, UNMC, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, UNMC, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska - Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
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19
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Cheng CH, Hsiao FJ, Hsieh YW, Wang PN. Dysfunction of Inferior Parietal Lobule During Sensory Gating in Patients With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:39. [PMID: 32158387 PMCID: PMC7052059 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) demonstrate significant cognitive deficits, especially in the memory aspect. The memory deficiency might be attributed to the difficulties in the inhibitory function to suppress redundant stimuli. Sensory gating (SG) refers to the attenuation of neural responses to the second identical stimulus in a paired-click paradigm, in which auditory stimuli are delivered in pairs with inter-stimulus intervals (ISI) of 500 ms and inter-pair intervals of 6-8 s. It is considered as an electrophysiological signal to reflect the brain's automatic response to gate out repetitive sensory inputs. However, there has been no study systematically investigating SG function in aMCI patients. Thus, the present study used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to record neuromagnetic responses to a paired-click paradigm in 23 healthy controls (HC) and 26 aMCI patients. The Stimulus 2/Stimulus 1 (S2/S1) amplitude ratio was used to represent the SG function. Compared to HC, aMCI patients showed M50 SG deficits in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and right inferior parietal lobule (IPL). M100 SG defects were also observed in the right IPL. Based on the ROIs showing significant between-group SG differences, we found that a more deficient M50 SG function in the right IPL was associated with poorer performance in the immediate recall of Logic Memory (LM), Chinese Version Verbal Learning Test (CVVLT) and Digit Span Backward (DSB) Test. Furthermore, the M50 SG ratios of the right IPL together with the neuropsychological performance of LM and CVVLT demonstrated very good accuracy in the discrimination of aMCI from HC. In conclusion, compared to HC, aMCI patients showed a significant SG deficit in the right IPL, which was correlated with the auditory short-term memory function. We suggest the combination of SG in the right IPL, LM and CVVLT to be sensitive indicators to differentiate aMCI patients from HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND Lab), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jung Hsiao
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ning Wang
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Neurology, Department of Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Wiesman AI, Wilson TW. Attention modulates the gating of primary somatosensory oscillations. Neuroimage 2020; 211:116610. [PMID: 32044438 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory gating (SG) is a well-studied phenomenon in which neural responses are reduced to identical stimuli presented in succession, and is thought to represent the functional inhibition of primary sensory information that is redundant in nature. SG is traditionally considered pre-attentive, but little is known about the effects of attentional state on this process. In this study, we investigate the impact of directed attention on somatosensory SG using magnetoencephalography. Healthy young adults (n = 26) performed a novel somato-visual paired-pulse oddball paradigm, in which attention was directed towards or away from paired-pulse stimulation of the left median nerve. We observed a robust evoked (i.e., phase-locked) somatosensory response in the time domain, and three stereotyped oscillatory responses in the time-frequency domain including an early theta response (4-8 Hz), and later alpha (8-14 Hz) and beta (20-26 Hz) responses across attentional states. The amplitudes of the evoked response and the theta and beta oscillations were gated for the second stimulus, however, only the gating of the oscillatory responses was altered by attention. Specifically, directing attention to the somatosensory domain enhanced SG of the early theta response, while reducing SG of the later alpha and beta responses. Further, prefrontal alpha-band coherence with the primary somatosensory cortex was greater when attention was directed towards the somatosensory domain, supporting a frontal modulatory effect on the alpha response in primary somatosensory regions. These findings highlight the dynamic effects of attentional modulation on somatosensory processing, and the importance of considering attentional state in studies of SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex I Wiesman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA.
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21
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Cheng CH, Liu CY, Hsu SC. Altered functional connectivity between primary and secondary somatosensory areas in panic disorder. Psychiatry Res 2020; 285:112808. [PMID: 32004761 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Disturbance in the interpretation of bodily sensation has been widely reported in patients with panic disorder (PD). However, it remains substantially unknown whether patients with PD exhibit any defect in cortical somatosensory processing of non-threatening stimuli. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the functional integrity of the cortical somatosensory system in patients with PD using neurophysiological recordings. A total of 20 patients with PD and 20 healthy controls (HC) were recruited to investigate the cortical responses to median nerve stimulation through whole-head magnetoencephalographic (MEG) imaging. To comprehensively investigate all somatosensory functioning, we studied the regional activation of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI), contralateral (SIIc), and ipsilateral (SIIi) secondary somatosensory cortices, as well as functional connectivity among the SI, SIIc, and SIIi in alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands. We found that patients with PD demonstrated a reduction in SI activity compared with those in the HC group. Furthermore, a significantly weaker gamma-band functional connectivity between SI and SIIc was found in the PD group relative to the HC group. Our data suggest that patients with PD exhibit abnormal responses to non-threatening (i.e., pain-free) stimuli in the cortical somatosensory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND Lab), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yih Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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22
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Modulation of Motor Cortical Activities by Action Observation and Execution in Patients with Stroke: An MEG Study. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:8481371. [PMID: 31781183 PMCID: PMC6875039 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8481371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Action observation therapy has recently attracted increasing attention; however, the mechanisms through which action observation and execution (AOE) modulate neural activity in stroke patients remain unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of action observation and two types of AOE on motor cortical activations after stroke using magnetoencephalography. Twenty patients with stroke and 20 healthy controls were recruited for the collection of data on the beta oscillatory activity in the primary motor cortex (M1). All participants performed the conditions of resting, observation only, and video observation combined with execution (video AOE). Stroke patients performed one additional condition of affected hand observation combined with execution (affected hand AOE). The relative change index of beta oscillations was calculated, and nonparametric tests were used to examine the differences in conditions. In stroke patients, the relative change index of M1 beta oscillatory activity under the video AOE condition was significantly lower than that under the observation only and affected hand AOE conditions. Moreover, M1 cortical activity did not significantly differ under the observation only and affected hand AOE conditions. For healthy controls, the relative change index under the video AOE condition was significantly lower than that under the observation only condition. In addition, no significant differences in relative change indices were found under the observation only and video AOE conditions between the 2 groups. This study provides new insight into the neural mechanisms underlying AOE, which supports the use of observing videos of normal movements during action observation therapy in stroke rehabilitation.
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23
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Kurz MJ, Wiesman AI, Coolidge NM, Wilson TW. Children with Cerebral Palsy Hyper-Gate Somatosensory Stimulations of the Foot. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:2431-2438. [PMID: 28591842 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We currently have a substantial knowledge gap in our understanding of the neurophysiological underpinnings of the sensory perception deficits often reported in the clinic for children with cerebral palsy (CP). In this investigation, we have begun to address this knowledge gap by using magnetoencephalography (MEG) brain imaging to evaluate the sensory gating of neural oscillations in the somatosensory cortices. A cohort of children with CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System II-III) and typically developing children underwent paired-pulse electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve during MEG. Advanced beamforming methods were used to image significant oscillatory responses, and subsequently the time series of neural activity was extracted from peak voxels. Our experimental results showed that somatosensory cortical oscillations (10-75 Hz) were weaker in the children with CP for both stimulations. Despite this reduction, the children with CP actually exhibited a hyper-gating response to the second, redundant peripheral stimulation applied to the foot. These results have further established the nexus of the cortical somatosensory processing deficits that are likely responsible for the degraded sensory perceptions reported in the clinic for children with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J Kurz
- Department of Physical Therapy, Munroe Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Alex I Wiesman
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nathan M Coolidge
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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24
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Muffel T, Kirsch F, Shih PC, Kalloch B, Schaumberg S, Villringer A, Sehm B. Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over S1 Differentially Modulates Proprioceptive Accuracy in Young and Old Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:264. [PMID: 31611782 PMCID: PMC6775783 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proprioception is a prerequisite for successful motor control but declines throughout the lifespan. Brain stimulation techniques such as anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) are capable of enhancing sensorimotor performance across different tasks and age groups. Despite such growing evidence for a restorative potential of tDCS, its impact on proprioceptive accuracy has not been studied in detail yet. Objective This study investigated online effects of a-tDCS over S1 on proprioceptive accuracy in young (YA) and old healthy adults (OA). Methods The effect of 15 min of a-tDCS vs. sham on proprioceptive accuracy was assessed in a cross-over, double blind experiment in both age groups. Performance changes were tested using an arm position matching task in a robotic environment. Electrical field (EF) strengths in the target area S1 and control areas were assessed based on individualized simulations. Results a-tDCS elicited differential changes in proprioceptive accuracy and EF strengths in the two groups: while YA showed a slight improvement, OA exhibited a decrease in performance during a-tDCS. Stronger EF were induced in target S1 and control areas in the YA group. However, no relationship between EF strength and performance change was found. Conclusion a-tDCS over S1 elicits opposing effects on proprioceptive accuracy as a function of age, a result that is important for future studies investigating the restorative potential of a-tDCS in healthy aging and in the rehabilitation of neurological diseases that occur at advanced age. Modeling approaches could help elucidate the relationship between tDCS protocols, brain structure and performance modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Muffel
- Neuroplasticity and Motor Recovery Group, Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Mind Brain Body Institute, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School on the Life Course, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Kirsch
- Neuroplasticity and Motor Recovery Group, Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Psychology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Pei-Cheng Shih
- Neuroplasticity and Motor Recovery Group, Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kalloch
- Neuroplasticity and Motor Recovery Group, Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Faculty of Computer Science and Media, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sara Schaumberg
- Neuroplasticity and Motor Recovery Group, Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Neuroplasticity and Motor Recovery Group, Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Mind Brain Body Institute, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School on the Life Course, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernhard Sehm
- Neuroplasticity and Motor Recovery Group, Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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25
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Modulation of inhibitory function in the primary somatosensory cortex and temporal discrimination threshold induced by acute aerobic exercise. Behav Brain Res 2019; 377:112253. [PMID: 31550485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute aerobic exercise beneficially affects brain function. The effect of acute aerobic exercise on the inhibitory mechanism of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and somatosensory function remains unclear. We investigated whether acute aerobic exercise modulates S1 inhibitory function and somatosensory function. In Experiment 1, we measured somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and paired-pulse inhibition (PPI) in 15 healthy right-handed participants. The right median nerve underwent electrical stimulation (ES). Interstimulus intervals were 5 ms, 30 ms, and 100 ms. In Experiment 2, we assessed the somatosensory function by using a somatosensory temporal discrimination task. Single or paired ES was applied to the distal phalanx of the right index finger. Both the experiments involved three sessions: 20 min of moderate-intensity exercise, 30 min of low-intensity exercise, and 30 min of seated rest. Before and after each session, PPI and somatosensory temporal discrimination task performance were measured. The N20 latency was significantly shortened immediately after moderate exercise. The SEP amplitude was not modulated in any session. The PPI at 30 ms (PPI_30ms) significantly decreased 20 min after moderate exercise, whereas the PPI at 5 ms (PPI_5ms) and PPI at 100 ms (PPI_100ms) did not change. The 50% and 75% thresholds and reaction time did not improve in any session. We found negative relationships between the change in PPI_5ms and the change in the 75% threshold under low-intensity exercise condition. Thus, acute aerobic exercise modulated S1 inhibitory function depending on exercise intensity. The exercise-induced change in PPI was associated with the change in temporal discrimination.
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26
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GABA A Receptors Are Well Preserved in the Hippocampus of Aged Mice. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0496-18.2019. [PMID: 31340951 PMCID: PMC6709233 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0496-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system. GABAA receptors (GABAARs) are pentameric ionotropic channels. Subunit composition of the receptors is associated with the affinity of GABA binding and its downstream inhibitory actions. Fluctuations in subunit expression levels with increasing age have been demonstrated in animal and human studies. However, our knowledge regarding the age-related hippocampal GABAAR expression changes is limited and based on rat studies. This study is the first analysis of the aging-related changes of the GABAAR subunit expression in the CA1, CA2/3, and dentate gyrus regions of the mouse hippocampus. Using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry we found that the GABAergic system is robust, with no significant age-related differences in GABAAR α1, α2, α3, α5, β3, and γ2 subunit expression level differences found between the young (6 months) and old (21 months) age groups in any of the hippocampal regions examined. However, we detected a localized decrease of α2 subunit expression around the soma, proximal dendrites, and in the axon initial segment of pyramidal cells in the CA1 and CA3 regions that is accompanied by a pronounced upregulation of the α2 subunit immunoreactivity in the neuropil of aged mice. In summary, GABAARs are well preserved in the mouse hippocampus during normal aging although GABAARs in the hippocampus are severely affected in age-related neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease.
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27
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Cheng CH, Chan PYS, Hsu SC, Liu CY. Abnormal frontal generator during auditory sensory gating in panic disorder: An MEG study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 288:60-66. [PMID: 31014913 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with panic disorder (PD) exhibit abnormalities in early-stage information processing, even for the nonthreatening stimuli. A previous event-related potential study reported that PD patients show a deficit in sensory gating (SG), a protective mechanism of the brain to filter out irrelevant sensory inputs. However, there is no clear understanding about the neural correlates of SG deficits in PD. Moreover, whether SG deficits, if any, are associated with clinical manifestations remain unknown. In this study, 18 patients with PD and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited to perform auditory paired-stimulus paradigm using magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings. Results showed that PD patients demonstrated significantly higher M50 SG ratios in the right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG) and higher M100 SG ratios in both RIFG and right superior temporal gyrus (RSTG) than those of the control group. It was important to note that in the RIFG, the M50 SG ratios correlated significantly with the scores of Body Sensation Questionnaire (BSQ) and Distractibility scale of Sensory Gating Inventory among patients with PD. In conclusion, this study suggests that PD patients exhibited a deficient ability to filter out irrelevant information, and such a defect might lead to cognitive misinterpretation of somatic sensations and distractibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND Lab), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Ying S Chan
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yih Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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28
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García-Piqueras J, García-Mesa Y, Cárcaba L, Feito J, Torres-Parejo I, Martín-Biedma B, Cobo J, García-Suárez O, Vega JA. Ageing of the somatosensory system at the periphery: age-related changes in cutaneous mechanoreceptors. J Anat 2019; 234:839-852. [PMID: 30924930 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Decline of tactile sensation associated with ageing depends on modifications in skin and both central and peripheral nervous systems. At present, age-related changes in the periphery of the somatosensory system, particularly concerning the effects on mechanoreceptors, remain unknown. Here we used immunohistochemistry to analyse the age-dependent changes in Meissner's and Pacinian corpuscles as well as in Merkel cell-neurite complexes. Moreover, variations in the neurotrophic TrkB-BDNF system and the mechanoprotein Piezo2 (involved in maintenance of cutaneous mechanoreceptors and light touch, respectively) were evaluated. The number of Meissner's corpuscles and Merkel cells decreased progressively with ageing. Meissner's corpuscles were smaller, rounded in morphology and located deeper in the dermis, and signs of corpuscular denervation were found in the oldest subjects. Pacinian corpuscles generally showed no relevant age-related alterations. Reduced expression of Piezo2 in the axon of Meissner's corpuscles and in Merkel cells was observed in old subjects, as well was a decline in the BDNF-TrkB neurotrophic system. This study demonstrates that cutaneous Meissner's corpuscles and Merkel cell-neurite complexes (and less evidently Pacinian corpuscles) undergo morphological and size changes during the ageing process, as well as a reduction in terms of density. Furthermore, the mechanoprotein Piezo2 and the neurotrophic TrkB-BDNF system are reduced in aged corpuscles. Taken together, these alterations might explain part of the impairment of the somatosensory system associated with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García-Piqueras
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Grupo SINPOS Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Yolanda García-Mesa
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Grupo SINPOS Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lucia Cárcaba
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Grupo SINPOS Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jorge Feito
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Grupo SINPOS Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isidro Torres-Parejo
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Grupo SINPOS Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Benjamín Martín-Biedma
- Departamento de Cirugía y Especialidades Médico-Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Cobo
- Departamento de Cirugía y Especialidades Médico-Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto Asturiano de Odontología, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Olivia García-Suárez
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Grupo SINPOS Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jose A Vega
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Grupo SINPOS Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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29
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Terrasa JL, Montoya P, González-Roldán AM, Sitges C. Inhibitory Control Impairment on Somatosensory Gating Due to Aging: An Event-Related Potential Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:280. [PMID: 30050421 PMCID: PMC6052091 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity to suppress irrelevant incoming input, termed sensory gating, is one of the most investigated inhibitory processes associated with cognitive impairments due to aging. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of aging on sensory gating by using somatosensory event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by repetitive non-painful tactile stimulation (paired-pulsed task). Somatosensory ERPs were recorded in 20 healthy young adults and 20 healthy older adults while they received two identical pneumatic stimuli (S1 and S2) of 100 ms duration with an inter-stimulus interval of 550 ± 50 ms on both forefingers. The difference between the somatosensory ERPs amplitude elicited by S1 and S2 was computed as a sensory gating measure. The amplitude and the latency of P50, N100 and late positive complex (LPC) were analyzed as well as the source generators of the gating effect. Reduced sensory gating was found in older individuals for N100 at frontal and centro-parietal electrodes and for LPC at fronto-central electrodes. Source localization analyses also revealed a reduced current density during gating effect in the older group in frontal areas in N100 and LPC. Moreover, older individuals showed delayed latencies in N100. No significant gating effect differences were found between groups in P50. These findings suggest an age-related slowing of processing speed and a reduced efficiency of inhibitory mechanisms in response to repetitive somatosensory information during stimulus evaluation, and a preservation of processing speed and inhibitory control during early stimulus coding in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Terrasa
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience and Clinical Psychology, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Balearic Islands Health Research Institute, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Pedro Montoya
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience and Clinical Psychology, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Balearic Islands Health Research Institute, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Ana M González-Roldán
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience and Clinical Psychology, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Balearic Islands Health Research Institute, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Carolina Sitges
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience and Clinical Psychology, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Balearic Islands Health Research Institute, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
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30
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Spooner RK, Wiesman AI, Mills MS, O'Neill J, Robertson KR, Fox HS, Swindells S, Wilson TW. Aberrant oscillatory dynamics during somatosensory processing in HIV-infected adults. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 20:85-91. [PMID: 30094159 PMCID: PMC6070689 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While the arrival of combination antiretroviral therapy significantly decreased the prevalence of HIV-associated dementia, between 35 and 70% of all infected adults continue to develop some form of cognitive impairment. These deficits appears to affect multiple neural subsystems, but the mechanisms and extent of damage are not fully understood. In the current study, we utilized magnetoencephalography (MEG), advanced oscillatory analysis methods, and a paired-pulse somatosensory stimulation paradigm to interrogate pre-attentive inhibitory processing in 43 HIV-infected adults and 28 demographically-matched uninfected controls. MEG responses were imaged using a beamformer, and time series data were extracted from the peak voxel in grand-averaged functional brain images to quantify the dynamics of sensory gating, oscillatory power, spontaneous power, and other neural indices. We found a significantly weakened response to the second stimulation compared to the first across groups, indicating significant sensory gating irrespective of HIV-infection. Interestingly, HIV-infected participants exhibited reduced neural responses in the 20-75 Hz gamma range to each somatosensory stimulation compared to uninfected controls, and exhibited significant alterations in peak gamma frequency in response to the second stimulation. Finally, HIV-infected participants also had significantly stronger spontaneous activity in the gamma range (i.e., 20-75 Hz) during the baseline period before stimulation onset. In conclusion, while HIV-infected participants had the capacity to efficiently gate somatosensory input, their overall oscillatory responses were weaker, spontaneous baseline activity was stronger, and their response to the second stimulation had an altered peak gamma frequency. We propose that this pattern of deficits suggests dysfunction in the somatosensory cortices, which is potentially secondary to accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Spooner
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Alex I Wiesman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mackenzie S Mills
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jennifer O'Neill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kevin R Robertson
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Howard S Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Susan Swindells
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA.
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31
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Cheng CH, Lin MY, Yang SH. Age Effect on Automatic Inhibitory Function of the Somatosensory and Motor Cortex: An MEG Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:53. [PMID: 29551971 PMCID: PMC5840154 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related deficiency in the top-down modulation of cognitive inhibition has been extensively documented, whereas the effects of age on a bottom-up or automatic operation of inhibitory function were less investigated. It is unknown that whether the older adults (OA)’ reduced behavioral performance and neural responses are due to the insufficient bottom-up processes. Compared to behavioral assessments which have been widely used to examine the top-down control of response inhibition, electrophysiological recordings are more suitable to probe the early-stage processes of automatic inhibitory function. Sensory gating (SG), a phenomenon of attenuated neural response to the second identical stimulus in a paired-pulse paradigm, is an indicator to assess automatic inhibitory function of the sensory cortex. On the other hand, electricity-induced beta rebound oscillation in a single-pulse paradigm reflects cortical inhibition of the motor cortex. From the neurophysiological perspective, SG and beta rebound oscillation are replicable indicators to examine the automatic inhibitory function of human sensorimotor cortices. Thus, the present study aimed to use a whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate the age-related alterations of SG function in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and of beta rebound oscillation in the primary motor cortex (MI) in 17 healthy younger and 15 older adults. The Stimulus 2/Stimulus 1 (S2/S1) amplitude ratio in response to the paired-pulse electrical stimulation to the left median nerve was used to evaluate the automatic inhibitory function of SI, and the beta rebound response in the single-pulse paradigm was used to evaluate the automatic inhibitory function of MI. Although there were no significant age-related differences found in the SI SG ratios, the MI beta rebound power was reduced and peak latency was prolonged in the OA. Furthermore, significant association between the SI SG ratio and the MI beta rebound power, which was seen in the younger adults (YA), was absent in the OA. In conclusion, our data suggested an age-related defect of association between sensorimotor cortices regarding automatic inhibitory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND Lab), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yin Lin
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND Lab), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Han Yang
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND Lab), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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32
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Kuehn E, Perez-Lopez MB, Diersch N, Döhler J, Wolbers T, Riemer M. Embodiment in the aging mind. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 86:207-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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33
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Cheng CH. Effects of observing normal and abnormal goal-directed hand movements on somatosensory cortical activation. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 47:48-57. [PMID: 29178356 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Existing evidence indicates the importance of observing correct, normal actions on the motor cortical activities. However, the exact neurophysiological mechanisms, particularly in the somatosensory system, remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of observing normal and abnormal hand movements on the contralateral primary somatosensory (cSI), contralateral (cSII) and ipsilateral (iSII) secondary somatosensory activities. Experiment I was designed to investigate the effects of motor outputs on the somatosensory processing, in which subjects were instructed to relax or manipulate a small cube. Experiment II was tailored to examine the somatosensory responses to the observation of normal (Normal) and abnormal (Abnormal) hand movements. The subjects received electrical stimulation to right median nerve and magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings during the whole experimental period. Regional cortical activation and functional connectivity were analyzed. Compared to the resting condition, a reduction in cSI and an enhancement of SII activation was found when subjects manipulated a cube, suggesting the motor outputs have an influence on the somatosensory responses. Further investigation of the effects of observing different hand movements showed that cSII activity was significantly stronger in the Normal than Abnormal condition. Moreover, compared with Abnormal condition, a higher cortical coherence of cSI-iSII at theta bands and cSII-iSII at beta bands was found in Normal condition. Conclusively, the present results suggest stronger activation and enhanced functional connectivity within the somatosensory system during the observation of normal than abnormal hand movements. These findings also highlight the importance of viewing normal, correct hands movements in the stroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND Lab), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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Marked bias towards spontaneous synaptic inhibition distinguishes non-adapting from adapting layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the barrel cortex. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14959. [PMID: 29097689 PMCID: PMC5668277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyramidal neuron subtypes differ in intrinsic electrophysiology properties and dendritic morphology. However, do different pyramidal neuron subtypes also receive synaptic inputs that are dissimilar in frequency and in excitation/inhibition balance? Unsupervised clustering of three intrinsic parameters that vary by cell subtype – the slow afterhyperpolarization, the sag, and the spike frequency adaptation – split layer 5 barrel cortex pyramidal neurons into two clusters: one of adapting cells and one of non-adapting cells, corresponding to previously described thin- and thick-tufted pyramidal neurons, respectively. Non-adapting neurons presented frequencies of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) three- and two-fold higher, respectively, than those of adapting neurons. The IPSC difference between pyramidal subtypes was activity independent. A subset of neurons were thy1-GFP positive, presented characteristics of non-adapting pyramidal neurons, and also had higher IPSC and EPSC frequencies than adapting neurons. The sEPSC/sIPSC frequency ratio was higher in adapting than in non-adapting cells, suggesting a higher excitatory drive in adapting neurons. Therefore, our study on spontaneous synaptic inputs suggests a different extent of synaptic information processing in adapting and non-adapting barrel cortex neurons, and that eventual deficits in inhibition may have differential effects on the excitation/inhibition balance in adapting and non-adapting neurons.
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Strömmer JM, Põldver N, Waselius T, Kirjavainen V, Järveläinen S, Björksten S, Tarkka IM, Astikainen P. Automatic auditory and somatosensory brain responses in relation to cognitive abilities and physical fitness in older adults. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13699. [PMID: 29057924 PMCID: PMC5651800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In normal ageing, structural and functional changes in the brain lead to an altered processing of sensory stimuli and to changes in cognitive functions. The link between changes in sensory processing and cognition is not well understood, but physical fitness is suggested to be beneficial for both. We recorded event-related potentials to somatosensory and auditory stimuli in a passive change detection paradigm from 81 older and 38 young women and investigated their associations with cognitive performance. In older adults also associations to physical fitness were studied. The somatosensory mismatch response was attenuated in older adults and it associated with executive functions. Somatosensory P3a did not show group differences, but in older adults, it associated with physical fitness. Auditory N1 and P2 responses to repetitive stimuli were larger in amplitude in older than in young adults. There were no group differences in the auditory mismatch negativity, but it associated with working memory capacity in young but not in older adults. Our results indicate that in ageing, changes in stimulus encoding and deviance detection are observable in electrophysiological responses to task-irrelevant somatosensory and auditory stimuli, and the higher somatosensory response amplitudes are associated with better executive functions and physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho M Strömmer
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Nele Põldver
- Institute of Psychology, Doctoral School of Behavioural, Social and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tomi Waselius
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ville Kirjavainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Saara Järveläinen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sanni Björksten
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ina M Tarkka
- Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Piia Astikainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
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36
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Cheng CH, Niddam DM, Hsu SC, Liu CY, Tsai SY. Resting GABA concentration predicts inhibitory control during an auditory Go-Nogo task. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:3833-3841. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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37
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Cheng CH, Sun HH, Weng JQ, Tseng YJ. Differential motor cortex excitability during observation of normal and abnormal goal-directed movement patterns. Neurosci Res 2017; 123:36-42. [PMID: 28457959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Rozycka A, Liguz-Lecznar M. The space where aging acts: focus on the GABAergic synapse. Aging Cell 2017; 16:634-643. [PMID: 28497576 PMCID: PMC5506442 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As it was established that aging is not associated with massive neuronal loss, as was believed in the mid‐20th Century, scientific interest has addressed the influence of aging on particular neuronal subpopulations and their synaptic contacts, which constitute the substrate for neural plasticity. Inhibitory neurons represent the most complex and diverse group of neurons, showing distinct molecular and physiological characteristics and possessing a compelling ability to control the physiology of neural circuits. This review focuses on the aging of GABAergic neurons and synapses. Understanding how aging affects synapses of particular neuronal subpopulations may help explain the heterogeneity of aging‐related effects. We reviewed the literature concerning the effects of aging on the numbers of GABAergic neurons and synapses as well as aging‐related alterations in their presynaptic and postsynaptic components. Finally, we discussed the influence of those changes on the plasticity of the GABAergic system, highlighting our results concerning aging in mouse somatosensory cortex and linking them to plasticity impairments and brain disorders. We posit that aging‐induced impairments of the GABAergic system lead to an inhibitory/excitatory imbalance, thereby decreasing neuron's ability to respond with plastic changes to environmental and cellular challenges, leaving the brain more vulnerable to cognitive decline and damage by synaptopathic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Rozycka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology; Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology; Polish Academy of Sciences; 3 Pasteur Street Warsaw 02-093 Poland
| | - Monika Liguz-Lecznar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology; Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology; Polish Academy of Sciences; 3 Pasteur Street Warsaw 02-093 Poland
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39
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Automatic inhibitory function in the human somatosensory and motor cortices: An MEG-MRS study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4234. [PMID: 28652623 PMCID: PMC5484662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
While the automatic inhibitory function of the human cerebral cortex has been extensively investigated by means of electrophysiological recordings, the corresponding modulating neurochemical mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to examine whether the primary somatosensory (SI) and primary motor cortical (MI) inhibitory function is associated with endogenous GABA levels. Eighteen young participants received paired-pulse and single-pulse electrical stimulation to the median nerve during magnetoencephalographic recordings. The SI sensory gating (SG), considered as an automatic inhibitory ability, was measured as the amplitude ratio of Stimulus 2 over Stimulus 1, in the paired-pulse paradigm. In addition, stimulus-induced beta activity, considered to originate from MI and also to be related to inhibitory function, was estimated using the single-pulse paradigm. The GABA+ concentration of the sensorimotor cortex was acquired from each subject by using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). A lower SG ratio in SI was significantly associated with an increased beta power in MI. More importantly, the beta rebound power, but not SI SG ratio, was positively correlated with GABA+ concentration. Our findings show a tight functional relationship between SI and MI during processing of automatic inhibition. GABA+ levels appear to be more closely related to the automatic inhibitory function of MI than SI.
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40
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Wiesman AI, Heinrichs-Graham E, Coolidge NM, Gehringer JE, Kurz MJ, Wilson TW. Oscillatory dynamics and functional connectivity during gating of primary somatosensory responses. J Physiol 2016; 595:1365-1375. [PMID: 27779747 DOI: 10.1113/jp273192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Sensory gating is important for preventing excessive environmental stimulation from overloading neural resources. Gating in the human somatosensory cortices is a critically understudied topic, particularly in the lower extremities. We utilize the unique capabilities of magnetoencephalographic neuroimaging to quantify the normative neural population responses and dynamic functional connectivity of somatosensory gating in the lower extremities of healthy human participants. We show that somatosensory processing is subserved by a robust gating effect in the oscillatory domain, as well as a dynamic effect on interhemispheric functional connectivity between primary sensory cortices. These results provide novel insight into the dynamic neural mechanisms that underlie the processing of somatosensory information in the human brain, and will be vital in better understanding the neural responses that are aberrant in gait-related neurological disorders (e.g. cerebral palsy). ABSTRACT Sensory gating (SG) is a phenomenon in which neuronal responses to subsequent similar stimuli are weaker, and is considered to be an important mechanism for preventing excessive environmental stimulation from overloading shared neural resources. Although gating has been demonstrated in multiple sensory systems, the neural dynamics and developmental trajectory underlying SG remain poorly understood. In the present study, we adopt a data-driven approach to map the spectrotemporal amplitude and functional connectivity (FC) dynamics that support gating in the somatosensory system (somato-SG) in healthy children and adolescents using magnetoencephalography (MEG). These data underwent time-frequency decomposition and the significant signal changes were imaged using a beamformer. Voxel time series were then extracted from the peak voxels and these signals were examined in the time and time-frequency domains, and then subjected to dynamic FC analysis. The results obtained indicate a significant decrease in the amplitude of the neural response following the second stimulation relative to the first in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI). A significant decrease in response latency was also found between stimulations, and each stimulation induced a sharp decrease in FC between somatosensory cortical areas. Furthermore, there were no significant correlations between somato-SG metrics and age. We conclude that somato-SG can be observed in SI in both the time and oscillatory domains, with rich dynamics and alterations in inter-hemispheric FC, and that this phenomenon has already matured by early childhood. A better understanding of these dynamics may provide insight to the numerous psychiatric and neurologic conditions that have been associated with aberrant SG across multiple modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex I Wiesman
- Department of Neurological Sciences.,Center for Magnetoencephalography.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience
| | | | | | - James E Gehringer
- Center for Magnetoencephalography.,Department of Physical Therapy, Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Max J Kurz
- Center for Magnetoencephalography.,Department of Physical Therapy, Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Department of Neurological Sciences.,Center for Magnetoencephalography
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41
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Onishi H, Sugawara K, Yamashiro K, Sato D, Kirimoto H, Tamaki H, Shirozu H, Kameyama S. Inhibitory effect of intensity and interstimulus interval of conditioning stimuli on somatosensory evoked magnetic fields. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:2104-13. [PMID: 27319980 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings were performed to investigate the inhibitory effects of conditioning stimuli with various types of interstimulus intervals (ISIs) or intensities on somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEFs) using a 306-ch whole-head MEG system. Twenty-three healthy volunteers participated in this study. Electrical stimuli were applied to the right median nerve at the wrist. Six pulse trains with ISIs of 500 ms were presented in Experiment 1. A paired-pulse paradigm with three kinds of conditioning stimulus (CON) intensities, 500 ms before the test stimulus (TS), was applied in Experiment 2. Finally, three CONs 500 or 1000 ms before TS were presented in Experiment 3. Three main SEF deflections (N20m, P35m, and P60m) were observed, and the source activities of P35m and P60m significantly decreased after the 2nd pulse of a six pulse trains. These source activities also significantly decreased with increasing intensity of CON. In addition, these attenuations of source activities were affected by CON-CON or CON-TS intervals. These results indicated that the source activities were modulated by the intensity and ISIs of CONs. Furthermore, P35m after the stimulation were very sensitive to CONs; however, the attenuation of P60m after the stimulation lasted for a longer period than that of P35m. Our findings suggest that the conditioning stimulation had inhibitory effects on subsequent evoked cortical responses for more than 500 ms. Our results also provide important clues about the nature of short-latency somatosensory responses in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Onishi
- Institute for human movement and medical sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sugawara
- Institute for human movement and medical sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Koya Yamashiro
- Institute for human movement and medical sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Institute for human movement and medical sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Hikari Kirimoto
- Institute for human movement and medical sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tamaki
- Institute for human movement and medical sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shirozu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kameyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital, Niigata, Japan
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42
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Li F, Xiang J, Wu T, Zhu D, Shi J. Abnormal resting-state brain activity in headache-free migraine patients: A magnetoencephalography study. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:2855-2861. [PMID: 27417062 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to quantitatively assess the resting-state brain activity in migraine patients during the headache-free phase with magnetoencephalography (MEG). METHODS A total of 25 migraine patients during the headache-free phase and 25 gender- and age-matched control patients were studied with a whole-head MEG system at eyes-closed resting-state. MEG data were analyzed in multifrequency range of 4-200Hz. RESULTS In a regional cortex analysis, the spectral power of gamma oscillations in left frontal and left temporal regions was significantly increased in migraine patients as compared to controls (all p<0.001), but no significant difference was found between the two groups for the global channels. Analyses of source location showed that there were significant differences in the distribution of gamma oscillation between migraine subjects and controls (p<0.025). CONCLUSIONS Migraine patients in resting-state had altered brain activities in spectral power value and source distribution that can be detected and analyzed by MEG. SIGNIFICANCE Abnormal brain activities in the left frontal and temporal regions may be involved in pain modulation and processing of migraine. These findings provide new insights into the possible mechanisms of migraine attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ting Wu
- The MEG Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Donglin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingping Shi
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.
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43
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Cheng CH, Tseng YJ, Chen RS, Lin YY. Reduced functional connectivity of somatosensory network in writer's cramp patients. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00433. [PMID: 26839735 PMCID: PMC4726822 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of motor cortex and sensorimotor integration in patients with writer's cramp (WC) has been well documented. However, the exact neurophysiological profile within the somatosensory system, including primary somatosensory cortex (SI), contralateral (SIIc), and ipsilateral (SIIi) secondary somatosensory areas remains less understood. METHODS This study investigated the neuromagnetic cortical activities of median nerve stimulation in 10 patients with WC and 10 healthy controls (HC). To comprehensively explore all the aspects of somatosensory functioning, we analyzed our data with the minimum norm estimate (MNE), the time-frequency approach with evoked and induced activities, and functional connectivity between SI and SIIc (SI-SIIc), SI and SIIi (SI-SIIi), and SIIc and SIIi (SIIc-SIIi) from theta to gamma oscillations. RESULTS No significant between-group differences were found in the MNE cortical amplitudes of SI, SIIc, and SIIi. Power strengths of evoked gamma oscillation and induced beta synchronization were also equivalent between WC and HC groups. However, we found significantly reduced theta coherence of SI-SIIi, alpha coherence of SI-SIIi and SIIc-SIIi, as well as beta coherence of SIIc-SIIi in patients with WC. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the involvement of somatosensory abnormalities, primarily with the form of functional connectivity, in patients with WC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jhan Tseng
- Institute of Physiology National Yang-Ming University Taipei Taiwan; Laboratory of Neurophysiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Department of Neurology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan; College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yang Lin
- Institute of Physiology National Yang-Ming University Taipei Taiwan; Laboratory of Neurophysiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science National Yang-Ming University Taipei Taiwan; Department of Neurology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
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44
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Cheng CH, Chan PYS, Niddam DM, Tsai SY, Hsu SC, Liu CY. Sensory gating, inhibition control and gamma oscillations in the human somatosensory cortex. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20437. [PMID: 26843358 PMCID: PMC4740805 DOI: 10.1038/srep20437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting the responses to irrelevant stimuli is an essential component of human cognitive function. Pre-attentive auditory sensory gating (SG), an attenuated neural activation to the second identical stimulus, has been found to be related to the performance of higher-hierarchical brain function. However, it remains unclear whether other cortical regions, such as somatosensory cortex, also possess similar characteristics, or if such a relationship is modality-specific. This study used magnetoencephalography to record neuromagnetic responses to paired-pulse electrical stimulation to median nerve in 22 healthy participants. Somatosensory SG ratio and cortical brain oscillations were obtained and compared with the behavioral performance of inhibition control, as evaluated by somatosensory and auditory Go-Nogo tasks. The results showed that somatosensory P35m SG ratio correlated with behavioral performance of inhibition control. Such relationship was also established in relation to the auditory Go-Nogo task. Finally, a higher frequency value of evoked gamma oscillations was found to relate to a better somatosensory SG ability. In conclusion, our data provided an empirical link between automatic cortical inhibition and behavioral performance of attentive inhibition control. This study invites further research on the relationships among gamma oscillations, neurophysiological indices, and behavioral performance in clinical populations in terms of SG or cortical inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying S Chan
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - David M Niddam
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yueh Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Mind, Brain and Learning Center, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yih Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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45
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Region-specific reduction of auditory sensory gating in older adults. Brain Cogn 2015; 101:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Age-Related Reduced Somatosensory Gating Is Associated with Altered Alpha Frequency Desynchronization. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:302878. [PMID: 26417458 PMCID: PMC4568376 DOI: 10.1155/2015/302878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory gating (SG), referring to an attenuated neural response to the second identical stimulus, is considered as preattentive processing in the central nervous system to filter redundant sensory inputs. Insufficient somatosensory SG has been found in the aged adults, particularly in the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII). However, it remains unclear which variables leading to the age-related somatosensory SG decline. There has been evidence showing a relationship between brain oscillations and cortical evoked excitability. Thus, this study used whole-head magnetoencephalography to record responses to paired-pulse electrical stimulation to the left median nerve in healthy young and elderly participants to test whether insufficient stimulus 1- (S1-) induced event-related desynchronization (ERD) contributes to a less-suppressed stimulus 2- (S2-) evoked response. Our analysis revealed that the minimum norm estimates showed age-related reduction of SG in the bilateral SII regions. Spectral power analysis showed that the elderly demonstrated significantly reduced alpha ERD in the contralateral SII (SIIc). Moreover, it was striking to note that lower S1-induced alpha ERD was associated with higher S2-evoked amplitudes in the SIIc among the aged adults. Conclusively, our findings suggest that age-related decline of somatosensory SG is partially attributed to the altered S1-induced oscillatory activity.
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47
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Brain Dynamics of Aging: Multiscale Variability of EEG Signals at Rest and during an Auditory Oddball Task. eNeuro 2015; 2:eN-NWR-0067-14. [PMID: 26464983 PMCID: PMC4586928 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0067-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the study of brain signal fluctuations is widely put forward as a promising entry point to characterize brain dynamics in health and disease. Although interesting results have been reported regarding how variability of brain activations can serve as an indicator of performance and adaptability in elderly, many uncertainties and controversies remain with regard to the comparability, reproducibility, and generality of the described findings, as well as the ensuing interpretations. The present work focused on the study of fluctuations of cortical activity across time scales in young and older healthy adults. The main objective was to offer a comprehensive characterization of the changes of brain (cortical) signal variability during aging, and to make the link with known underlying structural, neurophysiological, and functional modifications, as well as aging theories. We analyzed electroencephalogram (EEG) data of young and elderly adults, which were collected at resting state and during an auditory oddball task. We used a wide battery of metrics that typically are separately applied in the literature, and we compared them with more specific ones that address their limits. Our procedure aimed to overcome some of the methodological limitations of earlier studies and verify whether previous findings can be reproduced and extended to different experimental conditions. In both rest and task conditions, our results mainly revealed that EEG signals presented systematic age-related changes that were time-scale-dependent with regard to the structure of fluctuations (complexity) but not with regard to their magnitude. Namely, compared with young adults, the cortical fluctuations of the elderly were more complex at shorter time scales, but less complex at longer scales, although always showing a lower variance. Additionally, the elderly showed signs of spatial, as well as between, experimental conditions dedifferentiation. By integrating these so far isolated findings across time scales, metrics, and conditions, the present study offers an overview of age-related changes in the fluctuation electrocortical activity while making the link with underlying brain dynamics.
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48
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The Effect of Development in Respiratory Sensory Gating Measured by Electrocortical Activations. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:389142. [PMID: 26137323 PMCID: PMC4468290 DOI: 10.1155/2015/389142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The perception of respiratory sensations can be of significant importance to individuals for survival and greatly impact quality of life. Respiratory sensory gating, similar to somatosensory gating with exteroceptive stimuli, is indicative of brain cortices filtering out repetitive respiratory stimuli and has been investigated in adults with and without diseases. Respiratory gating can be tested with the respiratory-related evoked potential (RREP) method in the electroencephalogram with a paired inspiratory occlusion paradigm. Here, the RREP N1 component elicited by the second stimulus (S2) shows reduced amplitudes compared to the RREP N1 component elicited by the first stimulus (S1). However, little is known regarding the effect of development on respiratory sensory gating. The present study examined respiratory sensory gating in 22 typically developed school-aged children and 22 healthy adults. Paired inspiratory occlusions of 150-ms each with an inter-stimulus-interval of 500-ms were delivered randomly every 2–4 breaths during recording. The main results showed a significantly larger RREP N1 S2/S1 ratio in the children group than in the adult group. In addition, children compared to adults demonstrated significantly smaller N1 peak amplitudes in response to S1. Our results suggest that school-aged children, compared to adults, display reduced respiratory sensory gating.
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Hsu WY, Kuo YF, Liao KK, Yu HY, Lin YY. Widespread inter-ictal excitability changes in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: A TMS/MEG study. Epilepsy Res 2015; 111:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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50
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Effects of aging on the neuromagnetic mismatch detection to speech sounds. Biol Psychol 2015; 104:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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