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Corcoran E, Olayinka A, di Luca M, Gusti Y, Hakimjavadi R, O'Connor B, Redmond EM, Cahill PA. N-Glycans on the extracellular domain of the Notch1 receptor control Jagged-1 induced Notch signalling and myogenic differentiation of S100β resident vascular stem cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.17.567576. [PMID: 38014317 PMCID: PMC10680845 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.17.567576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Notch signalling, critical for development and postnatal homeostasis of the vascular system, is highly regulated by several mechanisms including glycosylation. While the importance of O-linked glycosylation is widely accepted, the structure and function of N-glycans has yet to be defined. Here, we take advantage of lectin binding assays in combination with pharmacological, molecular, and site-directed mutagenetic approaches to study N-glycosylation of the Notch1 receptor. We find that several key oligosaccharides containing bisecting or core fucosylated structures decorate the receptor, control expression and receptor trafficking, and dictate Jagged-1 activation of Notch target genes and myogenic differentiation of multipotent S100β vascular stem cells. N-glycans at asparagine (N) 1241 and 1587 protect the receptor from accelerated degradation, while the oligosaccharide at N888 directly affects signal transduction. Conversely, N-linked glycans at N959, N1179, N1489 do not impact canonical signalling but inhibit differentiation. Our work highlights a novel functional role for N-glycans in controlling Notch1 signalling and differentiation of vascular stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Corcoran
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Abidemi Olayinka
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mariana di Luca
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yusof Gusti
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roya Hakimjavadi
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan O'Connor
- School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen M Redmond
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Paul A Cahill
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Ghuloum FI, Stevens LA, Johnson CA, Riobo-Del Galdo NA, Amer MH. Towards modular engineering of cell signalling: Topographically-textured microparticles induce osteogenesis via activation of canonical hedgehog signalling. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213652. [PMID: 37837904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Polymer microparticles possess great potential as functional building blocks for advanced bottom-up engineering of complex tissues. Tailoring the three-dimensional architectural features of culture substrates has been shown to induce osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells in vitro, but the molecular mechanisms underpinning this remain unclear. This study proposes a mechanism linking the activation of Hedgehog signalling to the osteoinductive effect of surface-engineered, topographically-textured polymeric microparticles. In this study, mesenchymal progenitor C3H10T1/2 cells were cultured on smooth and dimpled poly(D,l-lactide) microparticles to assess differences in viability, cellular morphology, proliferation, and expression of a range of Hedgehog signalling components and osteogenesis-related genes. Dimpled microparticles induced osteogenesis and activated the Hedgehog signalling pathway relative to smooth microparticles and 2D-cultured controls without the addition of exogenous biochemical factors. We observed upregulation of the osteogenesis markers Runt-related transcription factor2 (Runx2) and bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein 2 (Bglap2), as well as the Hedgehog signalling components, glioma associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1), Patched1 (Ptch1), and Smoothened (Smo). Treatment with the Smo antagonist KAAD-cyclopamine confirmed the involvement of Smo in Gli1 target gene activation, with a significant reduction in the expression of Gli1, Runx2 and Bglap2 (p ≤ 0.001) following KAAD-cyclopamine treatment. Overall, our study demonstrates the role of the topographical microenvironment in the modulation of Hedgehog signalling, highlighting the potential for tailoring substrate topographical design to offer cell-instructive 3D microenvironments. Topographically-textured microparticles allow the modulation of Hedgehog signalling in vitro without adding exogenous biochemical agonists, thereby eliminating potential confounding artefacts in high-throughput drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmah I Ghuloum
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Lee A Stevens
- Low Carbon Energy and Resources Technologies Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Colin A Johnson
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Natalia A Riobo-Del Galdo
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Mahetab H Amer
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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3
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Kowalczyk M, Piwowarski JP, Wardaszka A, Średnicka P, Wójcicki M, Juszczuk-Kubiak E. Application of In Vitro Models for Studying the Mechanisms Underlying the Obesogenic Action of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) as Food Contaminants-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021083. [PMID: 36674599 PMCID: PMC9866663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) belong to the group of environmental contaminants, which can adversely affect human health. A growing body of evidence supports that chronic exposure to EDCs can contribute to a rapid increase in obesity among adults and children, especially in wealthy industrialized countries with a high production of widely used industrial chemicals such as plasticizers (bisphenols and phthalates), parabens, flame retardants, and pesticides. The main source of human exposure to obesogenic EDCs is through diet, particularly with the consumption of contaminated food such as meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, milk, and dairy products. EDCs can promote obesity by stimulating adipo- and lipogenesis of target cells such as adipocytes and hepatocytes, disrupting glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, and impacting hormonal appetite/satiety regulation. In vitro models still play an essential role in investigating potential environmental obesogens. The review aimed to provide information on currently available two-dimensional (2D) in vitro animal and human cell models applied for studying the mechanisms of obesogenic action of various industrial chemicals such as food contaminants. The advantages and limitations of in vitro models representing the crucial endocrine tissue (adipose tissue) and organs (liver and pancreas) involved in the etiology of obesity and metabolic diseases, which are applied to evaluate the effects of obesogenic EDCs and their disruption activity, were thoroughly and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kowalczyk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub P. Piwowarski
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.P.P.); (E.J.-K.)
| | - Artur Wardaszka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Średnicka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wójcicki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.P.P.); (E.J.-K.)
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4
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Pezoldt J, Wiechers C, Zou M, Litovchenko M, Biocanin M, Beckstette M, Sitnik K, Palatella M, van Mierlo G, Chen W, Gardeux V, Floess S, Ebel M, Russeil J, Arampatzi P, Vafardanejad E, Saliba AE, Deplancke B, Huehn J. Postnatal expansion of mesenteric lymph node stromal cells towards reticular and CD34 + stromal cell subsets. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7227. [PMID: 36433946 PMCID: PMC9700677 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes (LN) provide the framework to shape intestinal adaptive immune responses. Based on the transcriptional signatures established by our previous work, the composition and immunomodulatory function of LN stromal cells (SC) vary according to location. Here, we describe the single-cell composition and development of the SC compartment within mesenteric LNs derived from postnatal to aged mice. We identify CD34+ SC and fibroblastic reticular stromal cell (FRC) progenitors as putative progenitors, both supplying the typical rapid postnatal mesenteric LN expansion. We further establish the location-specific chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation landscape of non-endothelial SCs and identify a microbiota-independent core epigenomic signature, showing characteristic differences between SCs from mesenteric and skin-draining peripheral LNs. The epigenomic landscape of SCs points to dynamic expression of Irf3 along the differentiation trajectories of FRCs. Accordingly, a mesenchymal stem cell line acquires a Cxcl9+ FRC molecular phenotype upon lentiviral overexpression of Irf3, and the relevance of Irf3 for SC biology is further underscored by the diminished proportion of Ccl19+ and Cxcl9+ FRCs in LNs of Irf3-/- mice. Together, our data constitute a comprehensive transcriptional and epigenomic map of mesenteric LNSC development in early life and dissect location-specific, microbiota-independent properties of non-endothelial SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joern Pezoldt
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany ,grid.5333.60000000121839049Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carolin Wiechers
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mangge Zou
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maria Litovchenko
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marjan Biocanin
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Beckstette
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany ,grid.512472.7Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany ,grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Genome Informatics Group, Bielefeld Institute for Bioinformatics Infrastructure, Department of Technology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Sitnik
- grid.6583.80000 0000 9686 6466Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Palatella
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Guido van Mierlo
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wanze Chen
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Gardeux
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Floess
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maria Ebel
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julie Russeil
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Panagiota Arampatzi
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Core Unit Systems Medicine, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ehsan Vafardanejad
- grid.498164.6Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- grid.498164.6Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bart Deplancke
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Huehn
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany ,grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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5
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Kindi H, Willems C, Zhao M, Menzel M, Schmelzer CEH, Herzberg M, Fuhrmann B, Gallego-Ferrer G, Groth T. Metal Ion Doping of Alginate-Based Surface Coatings Induces Adipogenesis of Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4327-4340. [PMID: 36174215 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions are important effectors of protein and cell functions. Here, polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) made of chitosan (Chi) and alginate (Alg) were doped with different metal ions (Ca2+, Co2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+), which can form bonds with their functional groups. Ca2+ and Fe3+ ions can be deposited in PEM at higher quantities resulting in more positive ζ potentials and also higher water contact angles in the case of Fe3+. An interesting finding was that the exposure of PEM to metal ions decreases the elastic modulus of PEM. Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of multilayers provides evidence of interaction of metal ions with the carboxylic groups of Alg but not for hydroxyl and amino groups. The observed changes in wetting and surface potential are partly related to the increased adhesion and proliferation of multipotent C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts in contrast to plain nonadhesive [Chi/Alg] multilayers. Specifically, PEMs doped with Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions greatly promote cell attachment and adipogenic differentiation, which indicates that changes in not only surface properties but also the bioactivity of metal ions play an important role. In conclusion, metal ion-doped multilayer coatings made of alginate and chitosan can promote the differentiation of multipotent cells on implants without the use of other morphogens like growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husnia Kindi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department Biomedical Materials, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Willems
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department Biomedical Materials, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mingyan Zhao
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524003, China
| | - Matthias Menzel
- Department of Biological and Macromolecular Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Walter-Hülse-Strasse 1, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian E H Schmelzer
- Department of Biological and Macromolecular Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Walter-Hülse-Strasse 1, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin Herzberg
- Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Biology/Microbiology, Martin-Luther-University, Halle- Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bodo Fuhrmann
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center of Materials Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gloria Gallego-Ferrer
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas Groth
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department Biomedical Materials, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center of Materials Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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6
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Basha G, Cottle AG, Pretheeban T, Chan KY, Witzigmann D, Young RN, Rossi FM, Cullis PR. Lipid nanoparticle-mediated silencing of osteogenic suppressor GNAS leads to osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3034-3051. [PMID: 35733339 PMCID: PMC9481989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Approved drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis can prevent further bone loss but do not stimulate bone formation. Approaches that improve bone density in metabolic diseases are needed. Therapies that take advantage of the ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into various osteogenic lineages to treat bone disorders are of particular interest. Here we examine the ability of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to enhance osteoblast differentiation and bone formation by silencing the negative suppressor gene GNAS in bone MSCs. Using clinically validated lipid nanoparticle (LNP) siRNA delivery systems, we show that silencing the suppressor gene GNAS in vitro in MSCs leads to molecular and phenotypic changes similar to those seen in osteoblasts. Further, we demonstrate that these LNP-siRNAs can transfect a large proportion of mice MSCs in the compact bone following intravenous injection. Transfection of MSCs in various animal models led to silencing of GNAS and enhanced differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts. These data demonstrate the potential for LNP delivery of siRNA to enhance the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts, and suggests that they are a promising approach for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genc Basha
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Andrew G Cottle
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Thavaneetharajah Pretheeban
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedical Research Centre University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Karen Yt Chan
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Dominik Witzigmann
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Robert N Young
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Fabio Mv Rossi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedical Research Centre University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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7
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The Effect of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ Ions Loaded at Degradable PLA Membranes on the Proliferation and Osteoinduction of MSCs. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122422. [PMID: 35745998 PMCID: PMC9228138 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable membranes, including Polylactic acid (PLA)-based membranes, are commonly used in bone-tissue-related clinical procedures as biointerface to promote bone tissue regeneration. Calcium (Ca2+) and Magnesium (Mg2+) ions have been related to the promotion of osteogenesis, where the PLA membranes could be used as carrier and delivery substrate for them to provide osteogenic properties to this material. For this aim, a new ion delivery system based on biodegradable PLA membranes loaded with Mg and hydroxyapatite (HA) particles has been processed by the combination of tape casting and colloidal route. Materials characterization shows that the incorporation of Mg and HA particles changes the surface and hydrophobicity of the PLA membrane, and the in vitro degradation test shows Mg2+ and Ca2+ ion release and occasionally the precipitation of different ion species onto the membrane surface. Mouse and human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) were used to define the biocompatibility and bioactivity of these PLA membrane composites, and data indicated Mg2+ promotes cell proliferation and potentiates osteoinductive signals, while Ca2+ induces the expression of ALP osteogenic marker in human MSCs. Biodegradable PLA membranes loaded with Mg and HA particles is a promising new ion delivery system of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions that provides osteogenic signals and works as functional biointerface interfaces with bone tissues.
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8
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Brito Barrera YA, Husteden C, Alherz J, Fuhrmann B, Wölk C, Groth T. Extracellular matrix-inspired surface coatings functionalized with dexamethasone-loaded liposomes to induce osteo- and chondrogenic differentiation of multipotent stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112516. [PMID: 34857295 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic surface coatings can be combined with conventional implants to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the surrounding tissue to make them more biocompatible. Layer-by-layer technique (LbL) can be used for making surface coatings by alternating adsorption of polyanions and polycations from aqueous solutions without need of chemical reactions. Here, polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) systems is made of hyaluronic acid (HA) as polyanion and Collagen I (Col) as polycation to mimic the ECM of connective tissue. The PEM are combined with dexamethasone (Dex)-loaded liposomes to achieve a local delivery and protection of this drug for stimulation of osteo- and chondrogenic differentiation of multipotent stem cells. The liposomes possess a positive surface charge that is required for immobilization on the PEM. The surface properties of PEM system show a positive zeta potential after liposome adsorption and a decrease in wettability, both promoting cell adhesion and spreading of C3H10T1/2 multipotent embryonic mouse fibroblasts. Differentiation of C3H10T1/2 was more prominent on the PEM system with embedded Dex-loaded liposomes compared to the basal PEM system and the use of free Dex-loaded liposomes in the supernatant. This was evident by immunohistochemical staining and an upregulation of the expression of genes, which play a key role in osteogenesis (RunX2, ALP, Osteocalcin (OCN)) and chondrogenesis (Sox9, aggrecan (ACAN), collagen type II), determined by quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) after 21 days. These findings indicate that the designed liposome-loaded PEM system have high potential for use as drug delivery systems for implant coatings that can induce bone and cartilage differentiation needed for example in osteochondral implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin A Brito Barrera
- Department Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Catharina Husteden
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jumanah Alherz
- Department Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bodo Fuhrmann
- Interdisciplinary Center of Materials Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Wölk
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04317 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Department Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Interdisciplinary Center of Materials Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany; Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University, 119991, Trubetskaya street 8, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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9
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Petsouki E, Gerakopoulos V, Szeto N, Chang W, Humphrey MB, Tsiokas L. FBW7 couples structural integrity with functional output of primary cilia. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1066. [PMID: 34518642 PMCID: PMC8438042 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural defects in primary cilia have robust effects in diverse tissues and systems. However, how disorders of ciliary length lead to functional outcomes are unknown. We examined the functional role of a ciliary length control mechanism of FBW7-mediated destruction of NDE1, in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation. We show that FBW7 functions as a master regulator of both negative (NDE1) and positive (TALPID3) regulators of ciliogenesis, with an overall positive net effect on primary cilia formation, MSC differentiation to osteoblasts, and bone architecture. Deletion of Fbxw7 suppresses ciliation, Hedgehog activity, and differentiation, which are partially rescued in Fbxw7/Nde1-null cells. We also show that NDE1, despite suppressing ciliogenesis, promotes MSC differentiation by increasing the activity of the Hedgehog pathway by direct binding and enhancing GLI2 activity in a cilia-independent manner. We propose that FBW7 controls a protein-protein interaction network coupling ciliary structure and function, which is essential for stem cell differentiation. Petsouki et al. dissect the importance of FBW7-mediated regulation of NDE1 and TALPID3 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). They find that by modulating the abundance of negative (NDE1) and positive (TALPID3) cilia regulators, FBW7 contributes to both the assembly and signaling functions of primary cilia that are necessary for osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Petsouki
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Vasileios Gerakopoulos
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nicholas Szeto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mary Beth Humphrey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Medicine, Oklahoma City Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Leonidas Tsiokas
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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10
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Protective Effects of a Hyaluronan-Binding Peptide (P15-1) on Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an Inflammatory Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137058. [PMID: 34209086 PMCID: PMC8269309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from various sources, including bone marrow, have been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for the improvement of tissue repair/regeneration, including the repair of cartilage defects or lesions. Often the highly inflammatory environment after injury or during diseases, however, greatly diminishes the therapeutic and reparative effectiveness of MSCs. Therefore, the identification of novel factors that can protect MSCs against an inflammatory environment may enhance the effectiveness of these cells in repairing tissues, such as articular cartilage. In this study, we investigated whether a peptide (P15-1) that binds to hyaluronan (HA), a major component of the extracellular matrix of cartilage, protects bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) in an inflammatory environment. The results showed that P15-1 reduced the mRNA levels of catabolic and inflammatory markers in interleukin-1beta (IL-1β)-treated human BMSCs. In addition, P15-1 enhanced the attachment of BMSCs to HA-coated tissue culture dishes and stimulated the chondrogenic differentiation of the multipotential murine C3H/10T1/2 MSC line in a micromass culture. In conclusion, our findings suggest that P15-1 may increase the capacity of BMSCs to repair cartilage via the protection of these cells in an inflammatory environment and the stimulation of their attachment to an HA-containing matrix and chondrogenic differentiation.
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11
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Fowler TW, Mitchell TL, Janda CY, Xie L, Tu S, Chen H, Zhang H, Ye J, Ouyang B, Yuan TZ, Lee SJ, Newman M, Tripuraneni N, Rego ES, Mutha D, Dilip A, Vuppalapaty M, Baribault H, Yeh WC, Li Y. Development of selective bispecific Wnt mimetics for bone loss and repair. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3247. [PMID: 34059688 PMCID: PMC8167098 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is intricately connected with bone mass regulation in humans and rodent models. We designed an antibody-based platform that generates potent and selective Wnt mimetics. Using this platform, we engineer bi-specific Wnt mimetics that target Frizzled and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins and evaluate their effects on bone accrual in murine models. These synthetic Wnt agonists induce rapid and robust bone building effects, and correct bone mass deficiency and bone defects in various disease models, including osteoporosis, aging, and long bone fracture. Furthermore, when these Wnt agonists are combined with antiresorptive bisphosphonates or anti-sclerostin antibody therapies, additional bone accrual/maintenance effects are observed compared to monotherapy, which could benefit individuals with severe and/or acute bone-building deficiencies. Our data support the continued development of Wnt mimetics for the treatment of diseases of low bone mineral density, including osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia Y Janda
- Surrozen, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.,Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liqin Xie
- Surrozen, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Hui Chen
- Surrozen, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Haili Zhang
- Surrozen, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jingjing Ye
- Surrozen, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Tom Z Yuan
- Surrozen, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Devin Mutha
- Surrozen, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Yang Li
- Surrozen, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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12
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van Hengel IAJ, Tierolf MWAM, Fratila-Apachitei LE, Apachitei I, Zadpoor AA. Antibacterial Titanium Implants Biofunctionalized by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation with Silver, Zinc, and Copper: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3800. [PMID: 33917615 PMCID: PMC8038786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients receiving orthopedic implants are at risk of implant-associated infections (IAI). A growing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria threaten to hamper the treatment of IAI. The focus has, therefore, shifted towards the development of implants with intrinsic antibacterial activity to prevent the occurrence of infection. The use of Ag, Cu, and Zn has gained momentum as these elements display strong antibacterial behavior and target a wide spectrum of bacteria. In order to incorporate these elements into the surface of titanium-based bone implants, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) has been widely investigated as a single-step process that can biofunctionalize these (highly porous) implant surfaces. Here, we present a systematic review of the studies published between 2009 until 2020 on the biomaterial properties, antibacterial behavior, and biocompatibility of titanium implants biofunctionalized by PEO using Ag, Cu, and Zn. We observed that 100% of surfaces bearing Ag (Ag-surfaces), 93% of surfaces bearing Cu (Cu-surfaces), 73% of surfaces bearing Zn (Zn-surfaces), and 100% of surfaces combining Ag, Cu, and Zn resulted in a significant (i.e., >50%) reduction of bacterial load, while 13% of Ag-surfaces, 10% of Cu-surfaces, and none of Zn or combined Ag, Cu, and Zn surfaces reported cytotoxicity against osteoblasts, stem cells, and immune cells. A majority of the studies investigated the antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Important areas for future research include the biofunctionalization of additively manufactured porous implants and surfaces combining Ag, Cu, and Zn. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of such implants should be determined in assays focused on prevention, rather than the treatment of IAIs. These implants should be tested using appropriate in vivo bone infection models capable of assessing whether titanium implants biofunctionalized by PEO with Ag, Cu, and Zn can contribute to protect patients against IAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar A. J. van Hengel
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands; (M.W.A.M.T.); (L.E.F.-A.); (I.A.); (A.A.Z.)
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13
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Dong J, Xu X, Zhang Q, Yuan Z, Tan B. Critical implication of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway during BMP2-induced heterotopic ossification. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:254. [PMID: 33537834 PMCID: PMC7893754 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is characterized by extraskeletal ossification in soft tissue. Thus far, there is a lack of effective drug therapy against HO. Loss of PTEN in osteoblasts has been reported to accumulate bone mass in skeletal development and promote fracture healing in association with the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. However, the role of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling in HO pathogenesis remains unknown. The present study investigated the implication of this pathway during BMP2-induced osteogenic differentiation and ectopic bone formation. It was shown that overexpression of PTEN inhibited proliferation but stimulated apoptosis in mesenchymal pluripotent C3H10T1/2 cells. PTEN also inhibited BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation, whereas BMP2 repressed PTEN expression and subsequently activated PI3K/AKT. The PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, blocked BMP2-induced osteoblastogenesis, suggesting that the PI3K/AKT pathway is critically required for BMP2 to initiate osteoblastogenesis. In vivo, implantation of BMP2 in muscle induced ectopic endochondral ossification. Strikingly, this bone-forming capacity was notably suppressed by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Hence, the results of the present study demonstrated that the PI3K/AKT signaling activity is indispensable for BMP2 to induce ectopic new bone. Targeting the PI3K/AKT pathway using inhibitor(s) may represent a potential molecular therapy for the treatment against HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiqiang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Zenong Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Bingyi Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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14
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Kataoka K, Kurimoto R, Tsutsumi H, Chiba T, Kato T, Shishido K, Kato M, Ito Y, Cho Y, Hoshi O, Mimata A, Sakamaki Y, Nakamichi R, Lotz MK, Naruse K, Asahara H. In vitro Neo-Genesis of Tendon/Ligament-Like Tissue by Combination of Mohawk and a Three-Dimensional Cyclic Mechanical Stretch Culture System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:307. [PMID: 32671057 PMCID: PMC7326056 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendons and ligaments are pivotal connective tissues that tightly connect muscle and bone. In this study, we developed a novel approach to generate tendon/ligament-like tissues with a hierarchical structure, by introducing the tendon/ligament-specific transcription factor Mohawk (MKX) into the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) line C3H10T1/2 cells, and by applying an improved three-dimensional (3D) cyclic mechanical stretch culture system. In our developed protocol, a combination of stable Mkx expression and cyclic mechanical stretch synergistically affects the structural tendon/ligament-like tissue generation and tendon related gene expression. In a histological analysis of these tendon/ligament-like tissues, an organized extracellular matrix (ECM), containing collagen type III and elastin, was observed. Moreover, we confirmed that Mkx expression and cyclic mechanical stretch, induced the alignment of structural collagen fibril bundles that were deposited in a fibripositor-like manner during the generation of our tendon/ligament-like tissues. Our findings provide new insights for the tendon/ligament biomaterial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kataoka
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Kurimoto
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsutsumi
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Shishido
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Kato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Core, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Cho
- Anatomy and Physiological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Hoshi
- Anatomy and Physiological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Mimata
- Research Core, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sakamaki
- Research Core, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Martin K. Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Keiji Naruse
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Lipid availability determines fate of skeletal progenitor cells via SOX9. Nature 2020; 579:111-117. [PMID: 32103177 PMCID: PMC7060079 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The avascular nature of cartilage makes it a unique tissue1–4, but whether and how the absence of nutrient supply regulates chondrogenesis remains unknown. Here, we show that obstruction of vascular invasion during bone healing favours chondrogenic over osteogenic differentiation of skeletal progenitor cells. Unexpectedly, this process is driven by a decreased availability of extracellular lipids. When lipids are scarce, skeletal progenitors activate FoxO transcription factors, which bind to the Sox9 promoter and increase its expression. Besides initiating chondrogenesis, SOX9 acts as a regulator of cellular metabolism by suppressing fatty acid oxidation, and thus adapts the cells to an avascular life. Our results define lipid scarcity as an important determinant of chondrogenic commitment, reveal a role for FoxOs during lipid starvation, and identify SOX9 as a critical metabolic mediator. These data highlight the importance of the nutritional microenvironment in the specification of skeletal cell fate.
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16
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Yao H, Zou Y, Yang K, Yin L, Liu Y, Li R. TGFβ1 induces bone formation from BMP9-activated Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells, with possible involvement of non-canonical pathways. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1692-1703. [PMID: 32714072 PMCID: PMC7378670 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.45786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of bone defects is one of the most substantial and difficult clinical challenges in orthopedics. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) might play an important role in stimulating osteogenic differentiation of bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9)-induced C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. In our current study, we examined the potential synergy between TGFβ1 and BMP9 in promoting the osteogenesis of C3H10T1/2 cells, and whether such effects could contribute to bone formation in vivo. Our experiment data indicated that TGFβ1 could increase the expression of osteogenic markers and the formation of mineralized calcium nodules in, while suppressing the proliferation of, BMP9-induced C3H10T1/2 cells. Furthermore, mice intramuscularly injected with BMP9/TGFβ1-transduced C3H10T1/2 cells into the gastrocnemius muscle on their tibiae developed ectopic bone masses with more mature osteoid structures, compared to those grafted with cells expressing BMP9/RFP. Subsequent mechanistic studies found that TGFβ1-induced enhancement of osteogenesis in BMP9-overexpressing C3H10T1/2 cells was accompanied by augmented expression of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), a collagen-specific molecular chaperone essential for collagen biosynthesis, and can be attenuated by pirfenidone, a known anti-fibrotic inhibitor. Interestingly, protein microarray analysis suggested that TGFβ1/BMP9-dependent osteogenesis of C3H10T1/2 cells seemed to involve several non-canonical signaling pathways such as Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription, phosphoinositide-3-kinase-protein kinase B, and mitogen-activated protein kinase. These results provided further evidence that TGFβ1 could promote bone formation from BMP9-induced C3H10T1/2 cells and shed important light on the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulong Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangjun Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruidong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Zhao M, Anouz R, Groth T. Effect of microenvironment on adhesion and differentiation of murine C3H10T1/2 cells cultured on multilayers containing collagen I and glycosaminoglycans. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420940560. [PMID: 32728412 PMCID: PMC7366406 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420940560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayer coating is a promising tool to control cellular behavior. Murine C3H10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts share many features with mesenchymal stem cells, which are good candidates for use in regenerative medicine. However, the interactions of C3H10T1/2 cells with polyelectrolyte multilayers have not been studied yet. Hence, the effect of molecular composition of biomimetic multilayers, by pairing collagen I (Col I) with either hyaluronic acid or chondroitin sulfate, based primarily on ion pairing and on additional intrinsic cross-linking was studied regarding the adhesion and differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells. It was found that the adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells were more pronounced on chondroitin sulfate-based multilayers when cultured in the absence of osteogenic supplements, which corresponded to the significant larger amounts of Col I fibrils in these multilayers. By contrast, the staining of cartilage-specific matrixes was more intensive when cells were cultured on hyaluronic acid-based multilayers. Moreover, it is of note that a limited osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation were detected when cells were cultured in osteogenic or chondrogenic medium. Specifically, cells were largely differentiated into an adipogenic lineage when cultured in osteogenic medium or 100 ng mL-1 bone morphogenic protein 2, and it was more evident on the oxidized glycosaminoglycans-based multilayers, which corresponded also to the higher stiffness of cross-linked multilayers. Overall, polyelectrolyte multilayer composition and stiffness can be used to direct cell-matrix interactions, and hence the fate of C3H10T1/2 cells. However, these cells have a higher adipogenic potential than osteogenic or chondrogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Zhao
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy
Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Reema Anouz
- Department Biomedical Materials,
Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale),
Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Department Biomedical Materials,
Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale),
Germany
- Laboratory of Biomedical
Nanotechnologies, Institute of Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov
First Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Interdisciplinary Center of Materials
Research, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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18
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Merrick D, Mistry K, Wu J, Gresko N, Baggs JE, Hogenesch JB, Sun Z, Caplan MJ. Polycystin-1 regulates bone development through an interaction with the transcriptional coactivator TAZ. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:16-30. [PMID: 30215740 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystin-1 (PC1), encoded by the PKD1 gene that is mutated in the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, regulates a number of processes including bone development. Activity of the transcription factor RunX2, which controls osteoblast differentiation, is reduced in Pkd1 mutant mice but the mechanism governing PC1 activation of RunX2 is unclear. PC1 undergoes regulated cleavage that releases its C-terminal tail (CTT), which translocates to the nucleus to modulate transcriptional pathways involved in proliferation and apoptosis. We find that the cleaved CTT of PC1 (PC1-CTT) stimulates the transcriptional coactivator TAZ (Wwtr1), an essential coactivator of RunX2. PC1-CTT physically interacts with TAZ, stimulating RunX2 transcriptional activity in pre-osteoblast cells in a TAZ-dependent manner. The PC1-CTT increases the interaction between TAZ and RunX2 and enhances the recruitment of the p300 transcriptional co-regulatory protein to the TAZ/RunX2/PC1-CTT complex. Zebrafish injected with morpholinos directed against pkd1 manifest severe bone calcification defects and a curly tail phenotype. Injection of messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding the PC1-CTT into pkd1-morphant fish restores bone mineralization and reduces the severity of the curly tail phenotype. These effects are abolished by co-injection of morpholinos directed against TAZ. Injection of mRNA encoding a dominant-active TAZ construct is sufficient to rescue both the curly tail phenotype and the skeletal defects observed in pkd1-morpholino treated fish. Thus, TAZ constitutes a key mechanistic link through which PC1 mediates its physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Merrick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, New Haven, CT USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Norcross, GA USA
| | - Kavita Mistry
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Jingshing Wu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Nikolay Gresko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, New Haven, CT USA
| | | | - John B Hogenesch
- Divisions of Perinatal Biology and Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Zhaoxia Sun
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Michael J Caplan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, New Haven, CT USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Norcross, GA USA
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19
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Kiros S, Lin S, Xing M, Mequanint K. Embryonic Mesenchymal Multipotent Cell Differentiation on Electrospun Biodegradable Poly(ester amide) Scaffolds for Model Vascular Tissue Fabrication. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 48:980-991. [PMID: 31062257 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular differentiation of stem cells and matrix component production on electrospun tubular scaffolds is desirable to engineer blood vessels. The mouse embryonic multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cell line (10T1/2) provides an excellent tool for tissue engineering since it shares similar differentiation characteristics with mesenchymal stem cells. Although 10T1/2 cells have been widely studied in the context of skeletal tissue engineering, their differentiation to smooth muscle lineage is less known. In this study, we fabricated tubular electrospun poly(ester amide) (PEA) fibers from L-phenylalanine-derived biodegradable biomaterials and investigated cell-scaffold interactions as well as their differentiation into vascular smooth muscle cell and subsequent elastin expression. PEA scaffolds fabricated under different collector speeds did not have an impact on the fiber directionality/orientation. 10T1/2 cytocompatibility and proliferation studies showed that PEA fibres were not cytotoxic and were able to support proliferation for 14 days. Furthermore, cells were observed infiltrating the fibrous scaffolds despite the small pore sizes (~ 5 µm). Vascular differentiation studies of 10T1/2 cells using qPCR, Western blot, and immunostaining showed a TGFβ1-induced upregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-specific markers smooth muscle alpha-actin (SM-α-actin) and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC). Differentiated 10T1/2 cells produced both elastin and fibrillin-1 suggesting the potential of fibrous PEA scaffolds to fabricate model vascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kiros
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Shigang Lin
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada. .,Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada.
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20
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Maynard RD, Ackert-Bicknell CL. Mouse Models and Online Resources for Functional Analysis of Osteoporosis Genome-Wide Association Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:277. [PMID: 31133984 PMCID: PMC6515928 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex genetic disease in which the number of loci associated with the bone mineral density, a clinical risk factor for fracture, has increased at an exponential rate in the last decade. The identification of the causative variants and candidate genes underlying these loci has not been able to keep pace with the rate of locus discovery. A large number of tools and data resources have been built around the use of the mouse as model of human genetic disease. Herein, we describe resources available for functional validation of human Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) loci using mouse models. We specifically focus on large-scale phenotyping efforts focused on bone relevant phenotypes and repositories of genotype-phenotype data that exist for transgenic and mutant mice, which can be readily mined as a first step toward more targeted efforts designed to deeply characterize the role of a gene in bone biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Maynard
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Cheryl L. Ackert-Bicknell
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Cheryl L. Ackert-Bicknell
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21
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Stavenschi E, Hoey DA. Pressure-induced mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis is dependent on intermediate filament remodeling. FASEB J 2018; 33:4178-4187. [PMID: 30550359 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801474rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Macroscale loading of bone generates a complex local mechanical microenvironment that drives osteogenesis and bone mechanoadaptation. One such mechanical stimulus generated is hydrostatic pressure (HP); however, the effect of HP on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the mechanotransduction mechanisms utilized by these cells to sense this stimulus are yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that cyclic HP is a potent mediator of cytoskeletal reorganization and increases in osteogenic responses in MSCs. In particular, we demonstrate that the intermediate filament (IF) network undergoes breakdown and reorganization with centripetal translocation of IF bundles toward the perinuclear region. Furthermore, we show for the first time that this IF remodeling is required for loading-induced MSC osteogenesis, revealing a novel mechanism of MSC mechanotransduction. In addition, we demonstrate that chemical disruption of IFs with withaferin A induces a similar mechanism of IF breakdown and remodeling as well as a subsequent increase in osteogenic gene expression in MSCs, exhibiting a potential mechanotherapeutic effect to enhance MSC osteogenesis. This study therefore highlights a novel mechanotransduction mechanism of pressure-induced MSC osteogenesis involving the understudied cytoskeletal structure, the IF, and demonstrates a potential new therapy to enhance bone formation in bone-loss diseases such as osteoporosis.-Stavenschi, E., Hoey, D. A. Pressure-induced mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis is dependent on intermediate filament remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stavenschi
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David A Hoey
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; and.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Nichols AEC, Werre SR, Dahlgren LA. Transient Scleraxis Overexpression Combined with Cyclic Strain Enhances Ligament Cell Differentiation. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1444-1455. [PMID: 29644940 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to generate tissue-engineered anterior cruciate ligament replacements are limited by a lack of methods to derive mature ligament cells. Viral overexpression of the tendon/ligament marker scleraxis (Scx) can drive cell differentiation; however, the use of viral vectors hampers translation to clinical use. In this study, C3H10T1/2 cells were transiently transfected with expression vectors containing the full-length murine Scx cDNA and cultured in three-dimensional collagen hydrogels under static or cyclic strain for up to 14 days. β-galactosidase (LacZ) transfected cells served as controls. Cell morphology and gene expression for ligament-related genes, in addition to contraction (hydrogel width), mechanical properties, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and DNA content of hydrogels, were quantified and compared over time, between Scx and LacZ groups, and between static and cyclically strained constructs. Increased Scx expression was maintained for the entire 14-day study in both static and cyclically strained constructs. In static culture, overexpression of Scx resulted in greater cell elongation and construct contraction compared to LacZ controls. There were no differences in gene expression, DNA, or GAG content between Scx and LacZ constructs cultured under static conditions and no differences in DNA content between Scx and LacZ constructs. When exposed to cyclic strain, Scx-overexpressing cells maintained the elongated phenotype exhibited in static constructs, increased GAG production compared to static culture, and increased expression of the ligament-related genes collagen type I, decorin, and tenascin-C compared to strained LacZ controls. Cyclically strained constructs containing Scx-overexpressing cells had increased maximum load and stiffness compared to LacZ controls. The maintenance of increased Scx expression throughout the 14 day study and subsequent increases in ligament marker gene expression and mechanical properties with cyclic, but not static strain, suggest that transient transfection may be a viable alternative to viral transduction of Scx for ligament engineering studies and support a synergistic effect of Scx and mechanical strain on driving early ligament cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E C Nichols
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine , Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Stephen R Werre
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine , Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Linda A Dahlgren
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine , Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
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23
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Mead TJ, McCulloch DR, Ho JC, Du Y, Adams SM, Birk DE, Apte SS. The metalloproteinase-proteoglycans ADAMTS7 and ADAMTS12 provide an innate, tendon-specific protective mechanism against heterotopic ossification. JCI Insight 2018; 3:92941. [PMID: 29618652 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a significant clinical problem with incompletely resolved mechanisms. Here, the secreted metalloproteinases ADAMTS7 and ADAMTS12 are shown to comprise a unique proteoglycan class that protects against a tendency toward HO in mouse hindlimb tendons, menisci, and ligaments. Adamts7 and Adamts12 mRNAs were sparsely expressed in murine forelimbs but strongly coexpressed in hindlimb tendons, skeletal muscle, ligaments, and meniscal fibrocartilage. Adamts7-/- Adamts12-/- mice, but not corresponding single-gene mutants, which demonstrated compensatory upregulation of the intact homolog mRNA, developed progressive HO in these tissues after 4 months of age. Adamts7-/- Adamts12-/- tendons had abnormal collagen fibrils, accompanied by reduced levels of the small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) biglycan, fibromodulin, and decorin, which regulate collagen fibrillogenesis. Bgn-/0 Fmod-/- mice are known to have a strikingly similar hindlimb HO to that of Adamts7-/- Adamts12-/- mice, implicating fibromodulin and biglycan reduction as a likely mechanism underlying HO in Adamts7-/- Adamts12-/- mice. Interestingly, degenerated human biceps tendons had reduced ADAMTS7 mRNA compared with healthy biceps tendons, which expressed both ADAMTS7 and ADAMTS12. These results suggest that ADAMTS7 and ADAMTS12 drive an innate pathway protective against hindlimb HO in mice and may be essential for human tendon health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Mead
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Orthopaedic and Rheumatologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel R McCulloch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Orthopaedic and Rheumatologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jason C Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Orthopaedic and Rheumatologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic and Rheumatology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yaoyao Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Orthopaedic and Rheumatologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sheila M Adams
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology and Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - David E Birk
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology and Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Orthopaedic and Rheumatologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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24
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Zhang J, Yun S, Bi J, Dai S, Du Y, Zannettino ACW, Zhang H. Enhanced multi-lineage differentiation of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells within poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-acrylic acid) microgel-formed three-dimensional constructs. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:1799-1814. [PMID: 32254252 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00376a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) are a potential cell source of stem cell therapy for many serious diseases and hMSC spheroids have emerged to replace single cell suspensions for cell therapy. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds or hydrogels which can mimic properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) have been widely explored for their application in tissue regeneration. However, there are considerably less studies on inducing differentiation of hMSC spheroids using 3D scaffolds or hydrogels. This study is the first to explore multi-lineage differentiation of a stem cell line and primary stem cells within poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (p(NIPAAm))-based thermosensitive microgel-formed constructs. We first demonstrated that poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (p(NIPAAm-AA)) was not toxic to hMSCs and the microgel-formed constructs facilitated formation of uniform stem cell spheroids. Due to functional enhancement of cell spheroids, hMSCs within the 3D microgel-formed constructs were induced for multi-lineage differentiation as evidenced by significant up-regulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of chondrogenic and osteogenic genes even in the absence of induction media on day 9. When induction media were in situ supplied on day 9, mRNA expression of chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic genes within the microgel-formed constructs were significantly higher than that in the pellet and 2D cultures, respectively, on day 37. In addition, histological and immunofluorescent images also confirmed successful multi-lineage differentiation of hMSCs within the 3D microgel-formed constructs. Hence, the thermosensitive p(NIPAAm-AA) microgel can be potentially used in an in vitro model for cell differentiation or in vivo transplantation of pre-differentiated human mesenchymal stromal cells into patients for specific lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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25
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Pot MW, de Kroon LMG, van der Kraan PM, van Kuppevelt TH, Daamen WF. Unidirectional BMP2-loaded collagen scaffolds induce chondrogenic differentiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 13:015007. [PMID: 29165318 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa8960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microfracture surgery may be improved by the implantation of unidirectional collagen scaffolds that provide a template for mesenchymal stem cells to regenerate cartilage. Incorporation of growth factors in unidirectional scaffolds may further enhance cartilage regeneration. In scaffolds, immobilization of growth factors is required to prolong in vivo activity, to limit diffusion and to reduce the amount of growth factor needed for safe clinical application. We investigated the immobilization of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) to unidirectional collagen scaffolds and the effect on in vitro chondrogenesis. C3H10T1/2 cells were seeded on unidirectional collagen scaffolds with and without covalently attached heparin, and with and without incubation with BMP2 (1 and 10 μg), or with BMP2 present in the culture medium (10-200 ng ml-1). Culturing was for 2 weeks and readout parameters included histology, immunohistochemistry, biochemical analysis and molecular biological analysis. The unidirectional pores facilitated the distribution of C3H10T1/2 cells and matrix formation throughout scaffolds. The effective dose of medium supplementation with BMP2 was 100 ng ml-1 (total exposure 1 μg BMP2), and similar production of cartilage-specific molecules chondroitin sulfate (CS) and type II collagen was found for scaffolds pre-incubated with 10 μg BMP2. Pre-incubation with 1 μg BMP2 resulted in less cartilage matrix formation. The conjugation of heparin to the scaffolds resulted in more CS and less type II collagen deposition compared to scaffolds without heparin. In conclusion, unidirectional collagen scaffolds pre-incubated with 10 μg BMP2 supported chondrogenesis in vitro and may be suitable for prolonged cartilage matrix synthesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel W Pot
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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26
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Shivalkar S, Singh S. Solid Freeform Techniques Application in Bone Tissue Engineering for Scaffold Fabrication. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:187-200. [PMID: 30603476 PMCID: PMC6171596 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-0002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid freeform techniques are revolutionising technology with great potential to fabricate highly organized biodegradable scaffolds for damaged tissues and organs. Scaffolds fabricated via Solid freeform (SFF) techniques have more pronounced effect in bone tissue engineering. SFF techniques produce various types of scaffolds from different biomaterials with specific pore size, geometries, orientation, interconnectivity and anatomical shapes. Scaffolds needs to be designed from such biomaterials which can attach directly to natural tissues and mimic its properties, so ideally mechanical properties of scaffolds should be same as that of regenerating tissues for best results. The scaffolds designed without optimized mechanical properties would lead to the reduced nutrition diffusion within tissue engineered constructs (TECs) causing tissue necrosis. These scaffolds are mainly processed from ceramics and polymers like calcium phosphate, polydioxane, €-polycaprolactone, polylactic and polyglycolic acids etc. While, hydrogel scaffolds provide bridge for encapsulated cells and tissues to integrate with natural ECM. Likewise, 2D images from radiography were not sufficient for the prediction of the brain structure, cranial nerves, vessel and architecture of base of the skull and bones, which became possible using the 3D prototyping technologies. Any misrepresentation can lead to fatal outcomes. Biomodelling from these techniques for spinal surgery and preoperative planning are making its way toward successful treatment of several spinal deformities and spinal tumor. In this review we explored laser based and printing SFF techniques following its methodologies, principles and most recent areas of application with its achievements and possible challenges faced during its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shivalkar
- Department of Applied Science, Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Allahabad, Devghat, Jhalwa, Allahabad, 211 012 India
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Department of Applied Science, Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Allahabad, Devghat, Jhalwa, Allahabad, 211 012 India
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27
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Stavenschi E, Labour MN, Hoey DA. Oscillatory fluid flow induces the osteogenic lineage commitment of mesenchymal stem cells: The effect of shear stress magnitude, frequency, and duration. J Biomech 2017; 55:99-106. [PMID: 28256244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A potent regulator of bone anabolism is physical loading. However, it is currently unclear whether physical stimuli such as fluid shear within the marrow cavity is sufficient to directly drive the osteogenic lineage commitment of resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Therefore, the objective of the study is to employ a systematic analysis of oscillatory fluid flow (OFF) parameters predicted to occur in vivo on early MSC osteogenic responses and late stage lineage commitment. MSCs were exposed to OFF of 1Pa, 2Pa and 5Pa magnitudes at frequencies of 0.5Hz, 1Hz and 2Hz for 1h, 2h and 4h of stimulation. Our findings demonstrate that OFF elicits a positive osteogenic response in MSCs in a shear stress magnitude, frequency, and duration dependent manner that is gene specific. Based on the mRNA expression of osteogenic markers Cox2, Runx2 and Opn after short-term fluid flow stimulation, we identified that a regime of 2Pa shear magnitude and 2Hz frequency induces the most robust and reliable upregulation in osteogenic gene expression. Furthermore, long-term mechanical stimulation utilising this regime, elicits a significant increase in collagen and mineral deposition when compared to static control demonstrating that mechanical stimuli predicted within the marrow is sufficient to directly drive osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stavenschi
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Dept. of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Marie-Noelle Labour
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Dept. of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David A Hoey
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Dept. of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Dept. of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Limerick, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin & RCSI, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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28
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Bendre A, Büki KG, Määttä JA. Fam3c modulates osteogenic differentiation by down-regulating Runx2. Differentiation 2016; 93:50-57. [PMID: 27914282 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fam3c, a cytokine-like protein, is a member of the Fam3 family (family with sequence similarity 3) and has been implicated to play a crucial role in Epithelial-to- mesenchymal transition (EMT) and subsequent metastasis during cancer progression. A few independent genome-wide association studies on different population cohorts predicted the gene locus of Fam3c to be associated with bone mineral density and fractures. In this study, we examined the role of Fam3c during osteoblast differentiation. Fam3c was found to be expressed during osteogenic differentiation of both primary bone marrow stromal cells and MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. In differentiating osteoblasts, knockdown of Fam3c increased alkaline phosphatase expression and activity whereas overexpression of Fam3c reduced it. Furthermore, overexpression of Fam3c caused reduction of Runx2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Fam3c was localized in the cytoplasm and it was not secreted outside the cell during osteoblast differentiation and therefore, may function intracellularly. Furthermore, Fam3c and TGF-β1 were found to regulate each other reciprocally. Our findings therefore suggest a functional role of Fam3c in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Bendre
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kalman G Büki
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma A Määttä
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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29
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Hashimoto Y, Kobayashi M, Matsuzaki E, Higashi K, Takahashi-Yanaga F, Takano A, Hirata M, Nishimura F. Sphingosine-1-phosphate-enhanced Wnt5a promotes osteogenic differentiation in C3H10T1/2 cells. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:1129-36. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Hashimoto
- Periodontal Section, Division of Oral Rehabilitation; Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Mari Kobayashi
- Periodontal Section, Division of Oral Rehabilitation; Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Etsuko Matsuzaki
- Periodontal Section, Division of Oral Rehabilitation; Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
- Section of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology; Department of Odontology; Fukuoka Dental College; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Katsumasa Higashi
- Periodontal Section, Division of Oral Rehabilitation; Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Fumi Takahashi-Yanaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Aiko Takano
- Periodontal Section, Division of Oral Rehabilitation; Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry; Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Periodontal Section, Division of Oral Rehabilitation; Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
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30
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An X, Ma K, Zhang Z, Zhao T, Zhang X, Tang B, Li Z. miR-17, miR-21, and miR-143 Enhance Adipogenic Differentiation from Porcine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:410-6. [PMID: 27093346 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have multilineage differentiation abilities toward adipocytes and osteoblasts. Recently, numerous studies have focused on the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the process of adipogenic differentiation of human and mouse cells. However, the role of miRNAs in adipogenic differentiation process of porcine BMSCs (pBMSCs) remains unclear. In this study, pBMSCs were induced to differentiate into adipocytes using a chemical approach, and the roles of miR-17, miR-21, and miR-143 in this process were investigated. Our results showed that pBMSCs could be chemically induced to differentiate into adipocytes and that the expression of miR-17, miR-21, and miR-143 increased during differentiation. Then, overexpression of mimics of miR-17, miR-21, and miR-143 increased the number of oil red O-positive cells of adipocyte differentiation. The expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) mRNA showed increases of 1.8-, 1.5-, and 1.2-fold in the groups expressing mimics of miR-21, miR-17, and miR-143, respectively, at day 20. These results demonstrate that miR-17, miR-21, and miR-143 are involved in and promote the adipogenic differentiation of pBMSCs. This study provides an experimental basis for establishing a stable and efficient adipogenic differentiation model for applications in cell therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglan An
- 1 College of Animal Science, Jilin University , Changchun, China .,2 State & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Animal Models of Human Diseases, Academy of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Kuiying Ma
- 1 College of Animal Science, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- 1 College of Animal Science, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Tianchuang Zhao
- 3 College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Xueming Zhang
- 3 College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Bo Tang
- 3 College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- 1 College of Animal Science, Jilin University , Changchun, China .,2 State & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Animal Models of Human Diseases, Academy of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University , Changchun, China
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31
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Development of mRuby2-Transfected C3H10T1/2 Fibroblasts for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139054. [PMID: 26407291 PMCID: PMC4583363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts are multipotent, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like progenitor cells that are widely used in musculoskeletal research. In this study, we have established a clonal population of C3H10T1/2 cells stably-transfected with mRuby2, an orange-red fluorescence reporter gene. Flow cytometry analysis and fluorescence imaging confirmed successful transfection of these cells. Cell counting studies showed that untransfected C3H10T1/2 cells and mRuby2-transfected C3H10T1/2 cells proliferated at similar rates. Adipogenic differentiation experiments demonstrated that untransfected C3H10T1/2 cells and mRuby2-transfected C3H10T1/2 cells stained positive for Oil Red O and showed increased expression of adipogenic genes including adiponectin and lipoprotein lipase. Chondrogenic differentiation experiments demonstrated that untransfected C3H10T1/2 cells and mRuby2-transfected C3H10T1/2 cells stained positive for Alcian Blue and showed increased expression of chondrogenic genes including aggrecan. Osteogenic differentiation experiments demonstrated that untransfected C3H10T1/2 cells and mRuby2-transfected C3H10T1/2 cells stained positive for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as well as Alizarin Red and showed increased expression of osteogenic genes including alp, ocn and osf-1. When seeded on calcium phosphate-based ceramic scaffolds, mRuby2-transfected C3H10T1/2 cells maintained even fluorescence labeling and osteogenic differentiation. In summary, mRuby2-transfected C3H10T1/2 cells exhibit mRuby2 fluorescence and showed little-to-no difference in terms of cell proliferation and differentiation as untransfected C3H10T1/2 cells. These cells will be available from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; CRL-3268™) and may be a valuable tool for preclinical studies.
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Dumas V, Guignandon A, Vico L, Mauclair C, Zapata X, Linossier MT, Bouleftour W, Granier J, Peyroche S, Dumas JC, Zahouani H, Rattner A. Femtosecond laser nano/micro patterning of titanium influences mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and commitment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:055002. [PMID: 26334374 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/5/055002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Surface improvement of implants is essential for achieving a fast osseo-integration. Technically, the creation of a precise pattern on a titanium alloy surface is challenging. Here, the femtosecond laser was chosen as an innovative technology for texturing with accuracy a nano-micro topography. By adjusting the laser parameters, three biomimetic textures were fabricated on the titanium surface: micropits with nano-ripples in the pits, micropits with nano-ripples around the pits, and a texture with only nano-ripples. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs, C3H10T1/2) grown on these surfaces displayed altered morphometric parameters, and modified their focal adhesions in term of number, size, and distribution depending on surface type. These results indicate that the MSCs perceived subtle differences in topography. Dynamic analyses of early cellular events showed a higher speed of spreading on all the textured surfaces as opposed to the polished titanium. Concerning commitment, all the laser-treated surfaces strongly inhibited the expression of adipogenic-related genes (PPARϒ2, C/EBPα) and up-regulated the expression of osteoblastic-related genes (RUNX2, osteocalcin). Interestingly, the combination of micropits to nano-ripples enhanced their osteogenic potential as seen by a twofold increase in osteocalcin mRNA. Alkaline phosphatase activity was increased on all the textured surfaces, and lipid production was down-regulated. The functionalization of metallic surfaces by this high-resolution process will help us understand the MSCs' interactions with substrates for the development of textured implants with predictable tissue integrative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Dumas
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne (ENISE), LTDS, UMR 5513 CNRS, 42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France
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Guo J, Weng J, Rong Q, Zhang X, Zhu S, Huang D, Li X, Chen S. Investigation of multipotent postnatal stem cells from human maxillary sinus membrane. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11660. [PMID: 26119339 PMCID: PMC4484356 DOI: 10.1038/srep11660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maxillary sinus membrane (MSM) elevation is a common surgical technique for increasing bone height in the posterior maxilla prior to dental implant placement. However, the biological nature of bone regeneration in MSM remains largely unidentified. In this study, MSM tissue was obtained from 16 individuals during orthognathic surgery and used to isolate MSM stem cells (MSMSCs) by single-colony selection and STRO-1 cell sorting. The cell characteristics in terms of colony-forming ability, cell surface antigens, multi-differentiation potential and in vivo implantation were all evaluated. It was found that MSMSCs were of mesenchymal origin and positive for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers such as STRO-1, CD146, CD29 and CD44; furthermore, under defined culture conditions, MSMSCs were able to form mineral deposits and differentiate into adipocytes and chondrocytes. When transplanted into immunocompromised rodents, MSMSCs showed the capacity to generate bone-like tissue and, importantly, maintain their MSC characteristics after in vivo implantation. These findings provide cellular and molecular evidence that MSM contains stem cells that show functional potential in bone regeneration for dental implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunBing Guo
- 1] Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China [2] Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - JunQuan Weng
- 1] Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China [2] Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qiong Rong
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, PR China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - ShuangXi Zhu
- 1] Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China [2] Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - DaiYing Huang
- 1] Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China [2] Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- 1] Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China [2] Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - SongLing Chen
- 1] Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China [2] Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Abstract
Objectives The major problem with repair of an articular cartilage injury
is the extensive difference in the structure and function of regenerated,
compared with normal cartilage. Our work investigates the feasibility
of repairing articular osteochondral defects in the canine knee
joint using a composite lamellar scaffold of nano-ß-tricalcium phosphate
(ß-TCP)/collagen (col) I and II with bone marrow stromal stem cells
(BMSCs) and assesses its biological compatibility. Methods The bone–cartilage scaffold was prepared as a laminated composite,
using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nano-HAP)/collagen I/copolymer
of polylactic acid–hydroxyacetic acid as the bony scaffold, and
sodium hyaluronate/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) as the cartilaginous
scaffold. Ten-to 12-month-old hybrid canines were randomly divided
into an experimental group and a control group. BMSCs were obtained
from the iliac crest of each animal, and only those of the third
generation were used in experiments. An articular osteochondral
defect was created in the right knee of dogs in both groups. Those
in the experimental group were treated by implanting the composites
consisting of the lamellar scaffold of ß-TCP/col I/col II/BMSCs.
Those in the control group were left untreated. Results After 12 weeks of implantation, defects in the experimental group
were filled with white semi-translucent tissue, protruding slightly
over the peripheral cartilage surface. After 24 weeks, the defect
space in the experimental group was filled with new cartilage tissues, finely
integrated into surrounding normal cartilage. The lamellar scaffold
of ß-TCP/col I/col II was gradually degraded and absorbed, while
new cartilage tissue formed. In the control group, the defects were
not repaired. Conclusion This method can be used as a suitable scaffold material for the
tissue-engineered repair of articular cartilage defects. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:56–64
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lv
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q S Yu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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Davies SG, Kennewell PD, Russell AJ, Seden PT, Westwood R, Wynne GM. Stemistry: the control of stem cells in situ using chemistry. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2863-94. [PMID: 25590360 DOI: 10.1021/jm500838d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new paradigm for drug research has emerged, namely the deliberate search for molecules able to selectively affect the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of adult stem cells within the tissues in which they exist. Recently, there has been significant interest in medicinal chemistry toward the discovery and design of low molecular weight molecules that affect stem cells and thus have novel therapeutic activity. We believe that a successful agent from such a discover program would have profound effects on the treatment of many long-term degenerative disorders. Among these conditions are examples such as cardiovascular decay, neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, and macular degeneration, all of which have significant unmet medical needs. This perspective will review evidence from the literature that indicates that discovery of such agents is achievable and represents a worthwhile pursuit for the skills of the medicinal chemist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Davies
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Peter D Kennewell
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Angela J Russell
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.,‡Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, U.K
| | - Peter T Seden
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Robert Westwood
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Graham M Wynne
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
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36
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Chen AX, Hoffman MD, Chen CS, Shubin AD, Reynolds DS, Benoit DSW. Disruption of cell-cell contact-mediated notch signaling via hydrogel encapsulation reduces mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenic potential: winner of the Society for Biomaterials Student Award in the Undergraduate Category, Charlotte, NC, April 15 to 18, 2015. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1291-302. [PMID: 25504509 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell contact-mediated Notch signaling is essential for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis during development. However, subsequent deactivation of Notch signaling is also required to allow for stem cell chondrogenic progression. Recent literature has shown that Notch signaling can also influence Wnt/β-catenin signaling, critical for MSC differentiation, through perturbations in cell-cell contacts. Traditionally, abundant cell-cell contacts, consistent with development, are emulated in vitro using pellet cultures for chondrogenesis. However, cells are often encapsulated within biomaterials-based scaffolds, such as hydrogels, to improve therapeutic cell localization in vivo. To explore the role of Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the context of hydrogel-encapsulated MSC chondrogenesis, we compared signaling and differentiation capacity of MSCs in both hydrogels and traditional pellet cultures. We demonstrate that encapsulation within poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels reduces cell-cell contacts, and both Notch (7.5-fold) and Wnt/β-catenin (84.7-fold) pathway activation. Finally, we demonstrate that following establishment of cell-cell contacts and transient Notch signaling in pellet cultures, followed by Notch signaling deactivation, resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in MSC chondrogenesis. Taken together, these findings support that cellular condensation, and establishment of initial cell-cell contacts is critical for MSC chondrogenesis, and this process is inhibited by hydrogel encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda X Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 207 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Box 270168, Rochester, New York, 14627-0168
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Montgomery SR, Nargizyan T, Meliton V, Nachtergaele S, Rohatgi R, Stappenbeck F, Jung ME, Johnson JS, Aghdasi B, Tian H, Weintraub G, Inoue H, Atti E, Tetradis S, Pereira RC, Hokugo A, Alobaidaan R, Tan Y, Hahn TJ, Wang JC, Parhami F. A novel osteogenic oxysterol compound for therapeutic development to promote bone growth: activation of hedgehog signaling and osteogenesis through smoothened binding. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1872-85. [PMID: 24591126 PMCID: PMC4457783 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenic factors are often used in orthopedics to promote bone growth, improve fracture healing, and induce spine fusion. Osteogenic oxysterols are naturally occurring molecules that were shown to induce osteogenic differentiation in vitro and promote spine fusion in vivo. The purpose of this study was to identify an osteogenic oxysterol more suitable for clinical development than those previously reported, and evaluate its ability to promote osteogenesis in vitro and spine fusion in rats in vivo. Among more than 100 oxysterol analogues synthesized, Oxy133 induced significant expression of osteogenic markers Runx2, osterix (OSX), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OCN) in C3H10T1/2 mouse embryonic fibroblasts and in M2-10B4 mouse marrow stromal cells. Oxy133-induced activation of an 8X-Gli luciferase reporter, its direct binding to Smoothened, and the inhibition of Oxy133-induced osteogenic effects by the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor, cyclopamine, demonstrated the role of Hh pathway in mediating osteogenic responses to Oxy133. Oxy133 did not stimulate osteogenesis via BMP or Wnt signaling. Oxy133 induced the expression of OSX, BSP, and OCN, and stimulated robust mineralization in primary human mesenchymal stem cells. In vivo, bilateral spine fusion occurred through endochondral ossification and was observed in animals treated with Oxy133 at the fusion site on X-ray after 4 weeks and confirmed with manual assessment, micro-CT (µCT), and histology after 8 weeks, with equal efficiency to recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). Unlike rhBMP-2, Oxy133 did not induce adipogenesis in the fusion mass and resulted in denser bone evidenced by greater bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) ratio and smaller trabecular separation. Findings here suggest that Oxy133 has significant potential as an osteogenic molecule with greater ease of synthesis and improved time to fusion compared to previously studied oxysterols. Small molecule osteogenic oxysterols may serve as the next generation of bone anabolic agents for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Montgomery
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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38
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Hynes K, Menicanin D, Mrozik K, Gronthos S, Bartold PM. Generation of functional mesenchymal stem cells from different induced pluripotent stem cell lines. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1084-96. [PMID: 24367908 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) has highlighted the need for identifying easily accessible and reliable sources of these cells. An alternative source for obtaining large populations of MSC is through the controlled differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). In the present study, colonies of iPSC were cultured in MSC culture media for 2 weeks. Serial passaging then selected for fast growing MSC-like cells with a typical fibroblastic morphology and the capacity to proliferate on standard culture flasks without feeder cells. MSC-like cells were developed from iPSC lines arising from three different somatic tissues: gingiva, periodontal ligament (PDL), and lung. The iPSC-MSC like cells expressed key MSC-associated markers (CD73, CD90, CD105, CD146, and CD166) and lacked expression of pluripotent markers (TRA160, TRA181, and alkaline phosphatase) and hematopoietic markers (CD14, CD34, and CD45). In vitro iPSC-MSC-like cells displayed the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. In vivo subcutaneous implantation of the iPSC-MSC-like cells into NOD/SCID mice demonstrated that only the PDL-derived iPSC-MSC-like cells exhibited the capacity to form mature mineralized structures which were histologically similar to mature bone. These findings demonstrate that controlled induction of iPSC into fibroblastic-like cells that phenotypically and functionally resemble adult MSC is an attractive approach to obtain a readily available source of progenitor cells for orthopedic and dental-related tissue-engineering applications. However, a detailed characterization of the iPSC-MSC-like cells will be important, as MSC-like cells derived from different iPSC lines exhibit variability in their differentiation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Hynes
- 1 Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, Australia
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39
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Hoffman MD, Benoit DSW. Agonism of Wnt-β-catenin signalling promotes mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) expansion. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 9:E13-26. [PMID: 23554411 DOI: 10.1002/term.1736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Promoting mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation has numerous applications in stem cell therapies, particularly in the area of regenerative medicine. In order for cell-based regenerative approaches to be realized, MSC proliferation must be achieved in a controlled manner without compromising stem cell differentiation capacities. Here we demonstrate that 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO) increases MSC β-catenin activity 106-fold and stem cell-associated gene expression ~33-fold, respectively, over untreated controls. Subsequently, BIO treatment increases MSC populations 1.8-fold in typical 2D culture conditions, as well as 1.3-fold when encapsulated within hydrogels compared to untreated cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that BIO treatment does not reduce MSC multipotency where MSCs maintain their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes using standard conditions. Taken together, our results demonstrate BIO's potential utility as a proliferative agent for cell transplantation and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Hoffman
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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40
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Liu Y, Zhang ZC, Qian SW, Zhang YY, Huang HY, Tang Y, Guo L, Li X, Tang QQ. MicroRNA-140 promotes adipocyte lineage commitment of C3H10T1/2 pluripotent stem cells via targeting osteopetrosis-associated transmembrane protein 1. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:8222-8230. [PMID: 23389033 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.426163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP4 has been shown to induce C3H10T1/2 pluripotent stem cells to commit to adipocyte lineage. In addition to several proteins identified, microRNAs also play a critical role in the process. In this study, we identified microRNA-140 (miR-140) as a direct downstream component of the BMP4 signaling pathway during the commitment of C3H10T1/2 cells to adipocyte lineage. Overexpression of miR-140 in C3H10T1/2 cells promoted commitment, whereas knockdown of its expression led to impairment. Additional studies indicated that Ostm1 is a bona fide target of miR-140, which is significantly decreased during commitment, and Ostm1 was also demonstrated to function as an anti-adipogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Chun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Wen Qian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - You-You Zhang
- Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hai-Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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41
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Villa-Diaz LG, Brown SE, Liu Y, Ross AM, Lahann J, Parent JM, Krebsbach PH. Derivation of mesenchymal stem cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells cultured on synthetic substrates. Stem Cells 2012; 30:1174-81. [PMID: 22415987 PMCID: PMC3549569 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) may represent an ideal cell source for research and applications in regenerative medicine. However, standard culture conditions that depend on the use of undefined substrates and xenogeneic medium components represent a significant obstacle to clinical translation. Recently, we reported a defined culture system for human embryonic stem cells using a synthetic polymer coating, poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide] (PMEDSAH), in conjunction with xenogeneic-free culture medium. Here, we tested the hypothesis that iPSCs could be maintained in an undifferentiated state in this xeno-free culture system and subsequently be differentiated into mesenchymal stem cells (iPS-MSCs). hiPSCs were cultured on PMEDSAH and differentiated into functional MSCs, as confirmed by expression of characteristic MSC markers (CD166+, CD105+, CD90+,CD73+, CD31-, CD34-, and CD45-) and their ability to differentiate in vitro into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteoblastic lineages. To demonstrate the potential of iPS-MSCs to regenerate bone in vivo, the newly derived cells were induced to osteoblast differentiation for 4 days and transplanted into calvaria defects in immunocompromised mice for 8 weeks. MicroCT and histologic analyses demonstrated de novo bone formation in the calvaria defects for animals treated with iPS-MSCs but not for the control group. Moreover, positive staining for human nuclear antigen and human mitochondria monoclonal antibodies confirmed the participation of the transplanted hiPS-MSCs in the regenerated bone. These results demonstrate that hiPSCs cultured in a xeno-free system have the capability to differentiate into functional MSCs with the ability to form bone in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Villa-Diaz
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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42
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LeBlanc SE, Konda S, Wu Q, Hu YJ, Oslowski CM, Sif S, Imbalzano AN. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (Prmt5) promotes gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2) and its target genes during adipogenesis. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:583-97. [PMID: 22361822 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of adipose tissue formation by adipogenic-regulatory proteins has long been a topic of interest given the ever-increasing health concerns of obesity and type 2 diabetes in the general population. Differentiation of precursor cells into adipocytes involves a complex network of cofactors that facilitate the functions of transcriptional regulators from the CCATT/enhancer binding protein, and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) families. Many of these cofactors are enzymes that modulate the structure of chromatin by altering histone-DNA contacts in an ATP-dependent manner or by posttranslationally modifying the histone proteins. Here we report that inhibition of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (Prmt5) expression in multiple cell culture models for adipogenesis prevented the activation of adipogenic genes. In contrast, overexpression of Prmt5 enhanced adipogenic gene expression and differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that Prmt5 binds to and dimethylates histones at adipogenic promoters. Furthermore, the presence of Prmt5 promoted the binding of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling enzymes and was required for the binding of PPARγ2 at PPARγ2-regulated promoters. The data indicate that Prmt5 acts as a coactivator for the activation of adipogenic gene expression and promotes adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E LeBlanc
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
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43
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Zhang L, Widau RC, Herring BP, Gallagher PJ. Delta-like 1-Lysine613 regulates notch signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:2036-43. [PMID: 21985982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Delta ligands are important for regulating Notch signaling through transcellular stimulation of Notch receptors. The cytoplasmic tails of Delta ligands have multiple potential regulatory sites including several lysine residues that are putative targets for ubiquitination by the E3 ubiquitin ligases, Mind Bomb and Neuralized. To identify possible roles for specific lysine residues in the cytoplasmic tail of the Notch ligand Dll1 a mutational and functional analysis was performed. Examination of a panel of individual or clustered lysine mutants demonstrated that lysine 613 (K613) in the cytoplasmic tail of Dll1 is a key residue necessary for transcellular activation of Notch signaling. Multi-ubiquitination of the Dll1 mutant Dll1-K613R was altered compared to wild type Dll1, and the K613R mutation blocked the ability of Dll1 to interact with Notch1. Finally, mutation of K613 did not affect the stability of Dll1 or its ability to traffic to recycle to the plasma membrane, but did enhance the fraction associated with lipid rafts. Collectively these results suggest that the transcellular defect in Notch signaling attributed to residue K613 in cytoplasmic tail of Dll1 may result from altering its multi-ubiquitination and increasing its retention in lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Zhang
- Department of Celluar & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
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44
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Barbet R, Peiffer I, Hatzfeld A, Charbord P, Hatzfeld JA. Comparison of Gene Expression in Human Embryonic Stem Cells, hESC-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2011:368192. [PMID: 21941565 PMCID: PMC3166576 DOI: 10.4061/2011/368192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a strategy to identify developmental/differentiation and
plasma membrane marker genes of the most primitive human Mesenchymal
Stem Cells (hMSCs). Using sensitive and quantitative TaqMan Low
Density Arrays (TLDA) methodology, we compared the expression of 381
genes in human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs), hESC-derived MSCs
(hES-MSCs), and hMSCs. Analysis of differentiation genes indicated
that hES-MSCs express the sarcomeric muscle lineage in addition to the
classical mesenchymal lineages, suggesting they are more primitive
than hMSCs. Transcript analysis of membrane antigens suggests that IL1R1low, BMPR1Blow, FLT4low, LRRC32low, and CD34 may be good candidates for the detection and
isolation of the most primitive hMSCs. The expression in hMSCs of
cytokine genes, such as IL6, IL8, or FLT3LG, without expression of the
corresponding receptor, suggests a role for these cytokines in the
paracrine control of stem cell niches. Our database may be shared with
other laboratories in order to explore the considerable clinical
potential of hES-MSCs, which appear to represent an intermediate
developmental stage between hESCs and hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Barbet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut André Lwoff, 7, Rue Guy Moquet, 94800 Villejuif, France
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45
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Nam J, Johnson J, Lannutti JJ, Agarwal S. Modulation of embryonic mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation via control over pure mechanical modulus in electrospun nanofibers. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:1516-24. [PMID: 21109030 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As the potential range of stem cell applications in tissue engineering continues to grow, the appropriate scaffolding choice is necessary to create tightly defined artificial microenvironments for each target organ. These microenvironments determine stem cell fate via control over differentiation. In this study we examined the specific effects of scaffold stiffness on embryonic mesenchymal progenitor cell behavior. Mechanically distinct scaffolds having identical microstructures and surface chemistries were produced utilizing core-shell electrospinning. The modulus of core-shell poly(ether sulfone)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PES-PCL) fibers (30.6 MPa) was more than four times that of pure PCL (7.1 MPa). The results for chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells on each scaffold indicate that the lower modulus PCL fibers provided more appropriate microenvironments for chondrogenesis, evident by a marked up-regulation of chondrocytic Sox9, collagen type 2, and aggrecan gene expression and chondrocyte-specific extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan production. In contrast, the stiffer core-shell PES-PCL fibers supported enhanced osteogenesis by promoting osteogenic Runx2, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin gene expression, as well as alkaline phosphatase activity. The findings demonstrate that the microstructural stiffness/modules of a scaffold and the pliability of individual fibers may play a critical role in controlling stem cell differentiation. Regulation of cytoskeletal organization may occur via a "dynamic scaffold" leading to the subsequent intracellular signaling events that control differentiation-specific gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Nam
- Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Dumas V, Ducharne B, Perrier A, Fournier C, Guignandon A, Thomas M, Peyroche S, Guyomar D, Vico L, Rattner A. Extracellular matrix produced by osteoblasts cultured under low-magnitude, high-frequency stimulation is favourable to osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Calcif Tissue Int 2010; 87:351-64. [PMID: 20582583 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-010-9394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of low-magnitude, high-frequency (LMHF) mechanical stimulation on osteoblastic cells are poorly understood. We have developed a system that generates very small (15-40 με), high-frequency (400 Hz, sine) deformations on osteoblast cultures (MC3T3-E1). We investigated the effects of these LMHF stimulations mainly on extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. The functional properties of this ECM after decellularization were evaluated on C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). LMHF stimulations were applied 20 min once daily for 1, 3, or 7 days in MC3T3-E1 culture (1, 3, or 7 dLMHF). Cell number and viability were not affected after 3 or 7 dLMHF. Osteoblast response to LMHF was assessed by an increase in nitric oxide secretion, alteration of the cytoskeleton, and focal contacts. mRNA expression for fibronectin, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and type I collagen in LMHF cultures were 1.8-, 1.6-, 1.5-, and 1.7-fold higher than controls, respectively (P < 0.05). In terms of protein, osteopontin levels were increased after 3 dLMHF and ECM organization was altered as shown by fibronectin topology after 7 dLMHF. After decellularization, 7 dLMHF-ECM or control ECM was reseeded with MSCs. Seven dLMHF-ECM improved early events such as cell attachment (2 h) and focal contact adhesion (6 h) and, later (16 h), modified MSC morphological parameters. After 5 days in multipotential medium, gene-expression changes indicated that 7 dLMHF-ECM promoted the expression of osteoblast markers at the expense of adipogenic marker. LMHF stimulations of osteoblasts are therefore efficient and sufficient to generate osteogenic matrix.
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Duan B, Wang M. Customized Ca-P/PHBV nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: design, fabrication, surface modification and sustained release of growth factor. J R Soc Interface 2010; 7 Suppl 5:S615-29. [PMID: 20504805 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0127.focus] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating an advanced manufacturing technique, nanocomposite material and controlled delivery of growth factor to form multifunctional tissue engineering scaffolds was investigated in this study. Based on calcium phosphate (Ca-P)/poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanocomposite microspheres, three-dimensional Ca-P/PHBV nanocomposite scaffolds with customized architecture, controlled porosity and totally interconnected porous structure were successfully fabricated using selective laser sintering (SLS), one of the rapid prototyping technologies. The cytocompatibility of sintered Ca-P/PHBV nanocomposite scaffolds, as well as PHBV polymer scaffolds, was studied. For surface modification of nanocomposite scaffolds, gelatin was firstly physically entrapped onto the scaffold surface and heparin was subsequently immobilized on entrapped gelatin. The surface-modification improved the wettability of scaffolds and provided specific binding site between conjugated heparin and the growth factor recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). The surface-modified Ca-P/PHBV nanocomposite scaffolds loaded with rhBMP-2 significantly enhanced the alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic differentiation markers in gene expression of C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. Together with osteoconductive nanocomposite material and controlled growth factor delivery strategies, the use of SLS technique to form complex scaffolds will provide a promising route towards individualized bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Duan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Ji YH, Ji JL, Sun FY, Zeng YY, He XH, Zhao JX, Yu Y, Yu SH, Wu W. Quantitative proteomics analysis of chondrogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells by iTRAQ labeling coupled with on-line two-dimensional LC/MS/MS. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:550-64. [PMID: 20008835 PMCID: PMC2849707 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900243-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The chondrogenic potential of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) makes them a promising source for cell-based therapy of cartilage defects; however, the exact intracellular molecular mechanisms of chondrogenesis as well as self-renewal of MSCs remain largely unknown. To gain more insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms, we applied isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling coupled with on-line two-dimensional LC/MS/MS technology to identify proteins differentially expressed in an in vitro model for chondrogenesis: chondrogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells, a murine embryonic mesenchymal cell line, was induced by micromass culture and 100 ng/ml bone morphogenetic protein 2 treatment for 6 days. A total of 1756 proteins were identified with an average false discovery rate <0.21%. Linear regression analysis of the quantitative data gave strong correlation coefficients: 0.948 and 0.923 for two replicate two-dimensional LC/MS/MS analyses and 0.881, 0.869, and 0.927 for three independent iTRAQ experiments, respectively (p < 0.0001). Among 1753 quantified proteins, 100 were significantly altered (95% confidence interval), and six of them were further validated by Western blotting. Functional categorization revealed that the 17 up-regulated proteins mainly comprised hallmarks of mature chondrocytes and enzymes participating in cartilage extracellular matrix synthesis, whereas the 83 down-regulated were predominantly involved in energy metabolism, chromatin organization, transcription, mRNA processing, signaling transduction, and cytoskeleton; except for a number of well documented proteins, the majority of these altered proteins were novel for chondrogenesis. Finally, the biological roles of BTF3l4 and fibulin-5, two novel chondrogenesis-related proteins identified in the present study, were verified in the context of chondrogenic differentiation. These data will provide valuable clues for our better understanding of the underlying mechanisms that modulate these complex biological processes and assist in the application of MSCs in cell-based therapy for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-hua Ji
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Akay I, Oxmann D, Helfenstein A, Mentlein R, Schünke M, Hassenpflug J, Kurz B. Tumor risk by tissue engineering: cartilaginous differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells reduces tumor growth. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:389-96. [PMID: 19944200 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Implantation of autologous chondrocytes (AC) is a promising option for the treatment of cartilage defects, but problems with cell harvesting, dedifferentiation, or the donor age limit the clinical outcome. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) gain much interest because of their simple isolation and multipotential differentiation capacity along with their immunosuppressive properties. The latter might introduce tumor manifestation. The influence of undifferentiated and chondrogenically differentiated MSC or AC on tumor growth and metastasis formation was investigated in a murine melanoma model. METHODS Allogeneic melanoma cells and either syngeneic MSC (C3H10T1/2, transduced with enhanced green fluorescent protein gene) or AC were co-injected at a distance of 3 cm into the contra lateral groins of five mice/group, and evaluated macroscopically and histologically after 4 weeks. RESULTS Undifferentiated MSC migrated to the tumor site and induced strong tumor growth and metastasis formation. Even avital MSC promoted tumor growth and spreading, but insignificantly without detectable MSC at the tumor site. Chondrogenically differentiated MSC did not migrate and had a significantly lower impact on tumor growth and spreading; AC had no measurable influence on melanoma cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that differentiation of MSC reduces MSC-dependent promotion of latent tumors and that native AC do not introduce any increased risk of tumor growth. The question of how far MSC should be differentiated prior to clinical application should be addressed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Akay
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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Wang M, Su Y, Sun H, Wang T, Yan G, Ran X, Wang F, Cheng T, Zou Z. Induced endothelial differentiation of cells from a murine embryonic mesenchymal cell line C3H/10T1/2 by angiogenic factors in vitro. Differentiation 2010; 79:21-30. [PMID: 19726123 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A murine embryonic mesenchymal cell line C3H/10T1/2 possesses the potential to differentiate into multiple cell phenotypes and has been recognized as multipotent mesenchymal stem cells, but no in vitro model of its endothelial differentiation has been established and the effect of angiogenic factors on the differentiation is unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of angiogenic factors in inducing endothelial differentiation of C3H/10T1/2 cells in vitro. C3H/10T1/2 cells were treated with angiogenic factors, VEGF (10 ng/mL) and bFGF (5 ng/mL). At specified time points, cells were subjected to morphological study, immunofluorescence staining, RT-PCR, LDL-uptake tests and 3-D culture for the examination of the structural and functional characteristics of endothelial cells. Classic cobblestone-like growth pattern appeared at 6 day of the induced differentiation. Immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR analyses revealed that the induced cells exhibited endothelial cell-specific markers such as CD31, von Willebrand factor, Flk1, Flt1, VE-cadherin, Tie2, EphrinB2 and Vezf1 at 9 day. The induced C3H/10T1/2 cells exhibited functional characteristics of the mature endothelial phenotype, such as uptake of acetylated low-density lipoproteins (Ac-LDL) and formation of capillary-like structures in three-dimensional culture. At 9 day, Weibel-Palade bodies were observed under a transmission electron microscope. This study demonstrates, for the first time, endothelial differentiation of C3H/10T1/2 cells induced by angiogenic factors, VEGF and bFGF, and confirms the multipotential differentiation ability. This in vitro model is useful for investigating the molecular events in endothelial differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingke Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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