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Huang S, Qi B, Yang L, Wang X, Huang J, Zhao Y, Hu Y, Xiao W. Phytoestrogens, novel dietary supplements for breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114341. [PMID: 36753952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While endocrine therapy is considered as an effective way to treat breast cancer, it still faces many challenges, such as drug resistance and individual discrepancy. Therefore, novel preventive and therapeutic modalities are still in great demand to decrease the incidence and mortality rate of breast cancer. Numerous studies suggested that G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), a membrane estrogen receptor, is a potential target for breast cancer prevention and treatment. It was also shown that not only endogenous estrogens can activate GPERs, but many phytoestrogens can also function as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) to interact GPERs. In this review, we discussed the possible mechanisms of GPERs pathways and shed a light of developing novel phytoestrogens based dietary supplements against breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Baowen Qi
- South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, No. 1, Fuxin Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518116, P. R. China; BioCangia Inc., 205 Torbay Road, Markham, ON L3R 3W4, Canada
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonghe Hu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wenjing Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China.
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2
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Delcour C, Khawaja N, Gonzalez-Duque S, Lebon S, Talbi A, Drira L, Chevenne D, Ajlouni K, de Roux N. Estrogen Receptor α Inactivation in 2 Sisters: Different Phenotypic Severities for the Same Pathogenic Variant. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e2553-e2562. [PMID: 35134944 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Estrogens play an essential role in reproduction. Their action is mediated by nuclear α and β receptors (ER) and by membrane receptors. Only 3 females and 2 males, from 3 families, with a loss of ERα function have been reported to date. OBJECTIVE We describe here a new family, in which 2 sisters display endocrine and ovarian defects of different severities despite carrying the same homozygous rare variant of ESR1. METHODS A 36-year-old woman from a consanguineous Jordanian family presented with primary amenorrhea and no breast development, with high plasma levels of 17β-estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, and enlarged multifollicular ovaries, strongly suggesting estrogen resistance. Her 18-year-old sister did not enter puberty and had moderately high levels of E2, high plasma gonadotropin levels, and normal ovaries. RESULTS Genetic analysis identified a homozygous variant of ESR1 leading to the replacement of a highly conserved glutamic acid with a valine (ERα-E385V). The transient expression of ERα-E385V in HEK293A and MDA-MB231 cells revealed highly impaired ERE-dependent transcriptional activation by E2. The analysis of the KISS1 promoter activity revealed that the E385V substitution induced a ligand independent activation of ERα. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that less ERα-E385V than ERα-WT was translocated into the nucleus in the presence of E2. CONCLUSION These 2 new cases are remarkable given the difference in the severity of their ovarian and hormonal phenotypes. This phenotypic discrepancy may be due to a mechanism partially compensating for the ERα loss of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Delcour
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Nahla Khawaja
- National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Sergio Gonzalez-Duque
- Biochemistry-Hormonology Laboratory, AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Lebon
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Abir Talbi
- Biochemistry-Hormonology Laboratory, AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Leila Drira
- Biochemistry-Hormonology Laboratory, AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Didier Chevenne
- Biochemistry-Hormonology Laboratory, AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Kamel Ajlouni
- National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Nicolas de Roux
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, 75019 Paris, France
- Biochemistry-Hormonology Laboratory, AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, 75019 Paris, France
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3
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Torres-López L, Olivas-Aguirre M, Villatoro-Gómez K, Dobrovinskaya O. The G-Protein–Coupled Estrogen Receptor Agonist G-1 Inhibits Proliferation and Causes Apoptosis in Leukemia Cell Lines of T Lineage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:811479. [PMID: 35237599 PMCID: PMC8882838 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.811479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The G-protein–coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) mediates non-genomic action of estrogen. Due to its differential expression in some tumors as compared to the original healthy tissues, the GPER has been proposed as a therapeutic target. Accordingly, the non-steroidal GPER agonist G-1, which has often demonstrated marked cytotoxicity in experimental models, has been suggested as a novel anticancer agent for several sensitive tumors. We recently revealed that cell lines derived from acute T-cell (query) lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) express the GPER. Here, we address the question whether G-1 is cytotoxic to T-ALL. We have shown that G-1 causes an early rise of intracellular Ca2+, arrests the cell cycle in G2/M, reduces viability, and provokes apoptosis in T-ALL cell lines. Importantly, G-1 caused destabilization and depolymerization of microtubules. We assume that it is a disturbance of the cytoskeleton that causes G-1 cytotoxic and cytostatic effects in our model. The observed cytotoxic effects, apparently, were not triggered by the interaction of G-1 with the GPER as pre-incubation with the highly selective GPER antagonist G-36 was ineffective in preventing the cytotoxicity of G-1. However, G-36 prevented the intracellular Ca2+ rise provoked by G-1. Finally, G-1 showed only a moderate negative effect on the activation of non-leukemic CD4+ lymphocytes. We suggest G-1 as a potential antileukemic drug.
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Non-genomic mechanisms mediate androgen-induced PSD95 expression. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:2281-2294. [PMID: 31005955 PMCID: PMC6520003 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The non-genomic actions of androgen-induced synaptic plasticity have been extensively studied. However, the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. We recently found that testosterone-fetal bovine serum albumin (T-BSA), a cell membrane-impermeable complex, led to a rapid increase in the postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) protein level through a transcription-independent mechanism in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Using T-BSA conjugated FITC, we verified the presence of membrane androgen-binding sites. Here, we show that T-BSA-induced PSD95 expression is mediated by G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-zinc transporter ZIP9 (SLC39A9), one of the androgen membrane binding sites, rather than the membrane-localized androgen receptor. Furthermore, we found that T-BSA induced an interaction between ZIP9 and Gnα11 that lead to the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 MAPK and eIF4E, which are critical in the mRNA translation process. The PSD95 and p-eIF4E expression decreased when knockdown of ZIP9 or Gnα11 expression or inhibition of Erk1/2 activation. Taken together, these findings suggest that ZIP9 mediates the non-genomic action of androgen on synaptic protein PSD95 synthesis through the Gnα11/Erk1/2/eIF4E pathway in HT22 cells. This novel mechanism provides a theoretical basis to understand the neuroprotective mechanism of androgen.
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Estrogen deficiency impairs integrin α vβ 3-mediated mechanosensation by osteocytes and alters osteoclastogenic paracrine signalling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4654. [PMID: 30874595 PMCID: PMC6420496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrin αvβ3 has been shown to play an important role in osteocyte mechanotransduction. It has been reported that there are fewer β3 integrin-containing cells in osteoporotic bone cells. Osteocytes cultured in vitro under estrogen deficient conditions demonstrate altered mechanotransduction. However, it is unknown whether the altered mechanotransduction in estrogen deficient osteocytes is directly associated with defective αvβ3 expression or signalling. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of estrogen deficiency for regulating MLO-Y4 cell morphology, αvβ3 expression, focal adhesion formation and mechanotransduction by osteocytes. Here, we report that estrogen withdrawal leads to a smaller focal adhesion area and reduced αvβ3 localisation at focal adhesion sites, resulting in an increased Rankl/Opg ratio and defective Cox-2 responses to oscillatory fluid flow. Interestingly, αvβ3 antagonism had a similar effect on focal adhesion assembly, Rankl/Opg ratio, and Cox-2 responses to oscillatory fluid flow. Taken together, our results provide the first evidence for a relationship between estrogen withdrawal and defective αvβ3-mediated signalling. Specifically, this study implicates estrogen withdrawal as a putative mechanism responsible for altered αvβ3 expression and resultant changes in downstream signalling in osteocytes during post-menopausal osteoporosis, which might provide an important, but previously unidentified, contribution to the bone loss cascade.
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Posritong S, Hong JM, Eleniste PP, McIntyre PW, Wu JL, Himes ER, Patel V, Kacena MA, Bruzzaniti A. Pyk2 deficiency potentiates osteoblast differentiation and mineralizing activity in response to estrogen or raloxifene. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 474:35-47. [PMID: 29428397 PMCID: PMC6057828 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is controlled by the actions of bone-degrading osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts (OBs). Aging and loss of estrogen after menopause affects bone mass and quality. Estrogen therapy, including selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), can prevent bone loss and increase bone mineral density in post-menopausal women. Although investigations of the effects of estrogen on osteoclast activity are well advanced, the mechanism of action of estrogen on OBs is still unclear. The proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) is important for bone formation and female mice lacking Pyk2 (Pyk2-KO) exhibit elevated bone mass, increased bone formation rate and reduced osteoclast activity. Therefore, in the current study, we examined the role of estrogen signaling on the mechanism of action of Pyk2 in OBs. As expected, Pyk2-KO OBs showed significantly higher proliferation, matrix formation, and mineralization than WT OBs. In addition we found that Pyk2-KO OBs cultured in the presence of either 17β-estradiol (E2) or raloxifene, a SERM used for the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis, showed a further robust increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization. We examined the possible mechanism of action and found that Pyk2 deletion promotes the proteasome-mediated degradation of estrogen receptor α (ERα), but not estrogen receptor β (ERβ). As a consequence, E2 signaling via ERβ was enhanced in Pyk2-KO OBs. In addition, we found that Pyk2 deletion and E2 stimulation had an additive effect on ERK phosphorylation, which is known to stimulate cell differentiation and survival. Our findings suggest that in the absence of Pyk2, estrogen exerts an osteogenic effect on OBs through altered ERα and ERβ signaling. Thus, targeting Pyk2, in combination with estrogen or raloxifene, may be a novel strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of bone loss diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Posritong
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Jung Min Hong
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Pierre P Eleniste
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Patrick W McIntyre
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Wu
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Evan R Himes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Vruti Patel
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Prossnitz ER. GPER modulators: Opportunity Nox on the heels of a class Akt. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 176:73-81. [PMID: 28285016 PMCID: PMC5591048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The (patho)physiology of estrogen and its receptors is complex. It is therefore not surprising that therapeutic approaches targeting this hormone include stimulation of its activity through supplementation with either the hormone itself or natural or synthetic agonists, inhibition of its activity through the use of antagonists or inhibitors of its synthesis, and tissue-selective modulation of its activity with biased ligands. The physiology of this hormone is further complicated by the existence of at least three receptors, the classical nuclear estrogen receptors α and β (ERα and ERβ), and the 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30), with overlapping but distinct pharmacologic profiles, particularly of anti-estrogenic ligands. GPER-selective ligands, as well as GPER knockout mice, have greatly aided our understanding of the physiological roles of GPER. Such ligands have revealed that GPER activation mediates many of the rapid cellular signaling events (including Ca2+ mobilization, ERK and PI3K/Akt activation) associated with estrogen activity, as opposed to the nuclear ERs that are traditionally described to function as ligand-induced transcriptional factors. Many of the salutary effects of estrogen throughout the body are reproduced by the GPER-selective agonist G-1, which, owing to its minimal effects on reproductive tissues, can be considered a non-feminizing estrogenic compound, and thus of potential therapeutic use in both women and men. On the contrary, until recently GPER-selective antagonists had predominantly found preclinical application in cancer models where estrogen stimulates cell growth and survival. This viewpoint changed recently with the discovery that GPER is associated with aging, particularly that of the cardiovascular system, where the GPER antagonist G36 reduced hypertension and GPER deficiency prevented cardiac fibrosis and vascular dysfunction with age, through the downregulation of Nox1 and as a consequence superoxide production. Thus, similar to the classical ERs, both agonists and antagonists of GPER may be of therapeutic benefit depending on the disease or condition to be treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Prossnitz
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
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McMichael BK, Jeong YH, Auerbach JA, Han CM, Sedlar R, Shettigar V, Bähler M, Agarwal S, Kim DG, Lee BS. The RhoGAP Myo9b Promotes Bone Growth by Mediating Osteoblastic Responsiveness to IGF-1. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:2103-2115. [PMID: 28585695 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Ras homolog A (RhoA) subfamily of Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) regulates actin-based cellular functions in bone such as differentiation, migration, and mechanotransduction. Polymorphisms or genetic ablation of RHOA and some of its regulatory guanine exchange factors (GEFs) have been linked to poor bone health in humans and mice, but the effects of RhoA-specific GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) on bone quality have not yet been identified. Therefore, we examined the consequences of RhoGAP Myo9b gene knockout on bone growth, phenotype, and cellular activity. Male and female mice lacking both alleles demonstrated growth retardation and decreased bone formation rates during early puberty. These mice had smaller, weaker bones by 4 weeks of age, but only female KOs had altered cellular numbers, with fewer osteoblasts and more osteoclasts. By 12 weeks of age, bone quality in KOs worsened. In contrast, 4-week-old heterozygotes demonstrated bone defects that resolved by 12 weeks of age. Throughout, Myo9b ablation affected females more than males. Osteoclast activity appeared unaffected. In primary osteogenic cells, Myo9b was distributed in stress fibers and focal adhesions, and its absence resulted in poor spreading and eventual detachment from culture dishes. Similarly, MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts with transiently suppressed Myo9b levels spread poorly and contained decreased numbers of focal adhesions. These cells also demonstrated reduced ability to undergo IGF-1-induced spreading or chemotaxis toward IGF-1, though responses to PDGF and BMP-2 were unaffected. IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) activation was normal in cells with diminished Myo9b levels, but the activated receptor was redistributed from stress fibers and focal adhesions into nuclei, potentially affecting receptor accessibility and gene expression. These results demonstrate that Myo9b regulates a subset of RhoA-activated processes necessary for IGF-1 responsiveness in osteogenic cells, and is critical for normal bone formation in growing mice. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong-Hoon Jeong
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Cheol-Min Han
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ryan Sedlar
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vikram Shettigar
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Martin Bähler
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sudha Agarwal
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Do-Gyoon Kim
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Beth S Lee
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Bi RY, Meng Z, Zhang P, Wang XD, Ding Y, Gan YH. Estradiol upregulates voltage-gated sodium channel 1.7 in trigeminal ganglion contributing to hyperalgesia of inflamed TMJ. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178589. [PMID: 28582470 PMCID: PMC5459440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) have the highest prevalence in women of reproductive age. The role of estrogen in TMDs and especially in TMDs related pain is not fully elucidated. Voltage-gated sodium channel 1.7 (Nav1.7) plays a prominent role in pain perception and Nav1.7 in trigeminal ganglion (TG) is involved in the hyperalgesia of inflamed Temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Whether estrogen could upregulate trigeminal ganglionic Nav1.7 expression to enhance hyperalgesia of inflamed TMJ remains to be explored. METHODS Estrous cycle and plasma levels of 17β-estradiol in female rats were evaluated with vaginal smear and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Female rats were ovariectomized and treated with 17β-estradiol at 0 μg, 20 μg and 80 μg, respectively, for 10 days. TMJ inflammation was induced using complete Freund's adjuvant. Head withdrawal thresholds and food intake were measured to evaluate the TMJ nociceptive responses. The expression of Nav1.7 in TG was examined using real-time PCR and western blot. The activity of Nav1.7 promoter was examined using luciferase reporter assay. The locations of estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), the G protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPR30), and Nav1.7 in TG were examined using immunohistofluorescence. RESULTS Upregulation of Nav1.7 in TG and decrease in head withdrawal threshold were observed with the highest plasma 17β-estradiol in the proestrus of female rats. Ovariectomized rats treated with 80 μg 17β-estradiol showed upregulation of Nav1.7 in TG and decrease in head withdrawal threshold as compared with that of the control or ovariectomized rats treated with 0 μg or 20 μg. Moreover, 17β-estradiol dose-dependently potentiated TMJ inflammation-induced upregulation of Nav1.7 in TG and also enhanced TMJ inflammation-induced decrease of head withdrawal threshold in ovariectomized rats. In addition, the estrogen receptor antagonist, ICI 182,780, partially blocked the 17β-estradiol effect on Nav1.7 expression and head withdrawal threshold in ovariectomized rats. ERα and ERβ, but not GPR30, were mostly co-localized with Nav1.7 in neurons in TG. In the nerve growth factor-induced and ERα-transfected PC12 cells, 17β-estradiol dose-dependently enhanced Nav1.7 promoter activity, whereas mutations of the estrogen response element at -1269/-1282 and -1214/-1227 in the promoter completely abolished its effect on the promoter activity. CONCLUSION Estradiol could upregulate trigeminal ganglionic Nav1.7 expression to contribute to hyperalgesia of inflamed TMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Yun Bi
- The Third Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Central laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Central laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Center for Temporomandibular Disorders & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Dong Wang
- The Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Ding
- The Third Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YD); (YHG)
| | - Ye-Hua Gan
- Central laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Center for Temporomandibular Disorders & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YD); (YHG)
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Yang DL, Xu JW, Zhu JG, Zhang YL, Xu JB, Sun Q, Cao XN, Zuo WL, Xu RS, Huang JH, Jiang FN, Zhuo YJ, Xiao BQ, Liu YZ, Yuan DB, Sun ZL, He HC, Lun ZR, Zhong WD, Zhou WL. Role of GPR30 in estrogen-induced prostate epithelial apoptosis and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:517-524. [PMID: 28412354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have implicated estrogen and the estrogen receptor (ER) in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); however, the mechanism underlying this effect remains elusive. In the present study, we demonstrated that estrogen (17β-estradiol, or E2)-induced activation of the G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) triggered Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum, increased the mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration, and thus induced prostate epithelial cell (PEC) apoptosis. Both E2 and the GPR30-specific agonist G1 induced a transient intracellular Ca2+ release in PECs via the phospholipase C (PLC)-inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate (IP3) pathway, and this was abolished by treatment with the GPR30 antagonist G15. The release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3 in response to GPR30 activation were observed. Data generated from the analysis of animal models and human clinical samples indicate that treatment with the GPR30 agonist relieves testosterone propionate (TP)-induced prostatic epithelial hyperplasia, and that the abundance of GPR30 is negatively associated with prostate volume. On the basis of these results, we propose a novel regulatory mechanism whereby estrogen induces the apoptosis of PECs via GPR30 activation. Inhibition of this activation is predicted to lead to abnormal PEC accumulation, and to thereby contribute to BPH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Liang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jia-Wen Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550002, China; Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jian-Bang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qing Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Nian Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wu-Lin Zuo
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ruo-Shui Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jie-Hong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fu-Neng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yang-Jia Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Bai-Quan Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou General Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510240, China
| | - Yun-Zhong Liu
- Guangzhou General Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510240, China
| | - Dong-Bo Yuan
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Zhao-Lin Sun
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Hui-Chan He
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Zhao-Rong Lun
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei-De Zhong
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
| | - Wen-Liang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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11
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Deepak V, Kayastha P, McNamara LM. Estrogen deficiency attenuates fluid flow‐induced [Ca
2+
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i
oscillations and mechanoresponsiveness of MLO‐Y4 osteocytes. FASEB J 2017; 31:3027-3039. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601280r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishwa Deepak
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research GroupBiomechanics Research CentreBiomedical EngineeringCollege of Engineering and InformaticsNational University of Ireland GalwayGalway Ireland
| | - Pushpalata Kayastha
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research GroupBiomechanics Research CentreBiomedical EngineeringCollege of Engineering and InformaticsNational University of Ireland GalwayGalway Ireland
| | - Laoise M. McNamara
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research GroupBiomechanics Research CentreBiomedical EngineeringCollege of Engineering and InformaticsNational University of Ireland GalwayGalway Ireland
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Hao Y, Chow AW, Yip WC, Li CH, Wan TF, Tong BC, Cheung KH, Chan WY, Chen Y, Cheng CH, Ko WH. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor inhibits the P2Y receptor-mediated Ca(2+) signaling pathway in human airway epithelia. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1489-503. [PMID: 27271044 PMCID: PMC4951515 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
P2Y receptor activation causes the release of inflammatory cytokines in the bronchial epithelium, whereas G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), a novel estrogen (E2) receptor, may play an anti-inflammatory role in this process. We investigated the cellular mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of GPER activation on the P2Y receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling pathway and cytokine production in airway epithelia. Expression of GPER in primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) or 16HBE14o- cells was confirmed on both the mRNA and protein levels. Stimulation of HBE or 16HBE14o- cells with E2 or G1, a specific agonist of GPER, attenuated the nucleotide-evoked increases in [Ca2+]i, whereas this effect was reversed by G15, a GPER-specific antagonist. G1 inhibited the secretion of two proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, in cells stimulated by adenosine 5′-(γ-thio)triphosphate (ATPγS). G1 stimulated a real-time increase in cAMP levels in 16HBE14o- cells, which could be inhibited by adenylyl cyclase inhibitors. The inhibitory effects of E2 or G1 on P2Y receptor-induced increases in Ca2+ were reversed by treating the cells with a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor. These results demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of G1 or E2 on P2Y receptor-mediated Ca2+ mobilization and cytokine secretion were due to GPER-mediated activation of a cAMP-dependent PKA pathway. This study has reported, for the first time, the expression and function of GPER as an anti-inflammatory component in human bronchial epithelia, which may mediate through its opposing effects on the pro‐inflammatory pathway activated by the P2Y receptors in inflamed airway epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Alison W Chow
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Wallace C Yip
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chi H Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Tai F Wan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Benjamin C Tong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - King H Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wood Y Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yangchao Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Christopher H Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Wing H Ko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Lee SH, Park Y, Song M, Srikanth S, Kim S, Kang MK, Gwack Y, Park NH, Kim RH, Shin KH. Orai1 mediates osteogenic differentiation via BMP signaling pathway in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:1309-1314. [PMID: 27086849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Orai1 is a pore-subunit of store-operated Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channel that mediates Ca(2+) influx in most non-excitable cells via store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) mechanism. We previously demonstrated that Orai1 is involved in mediating osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but the underlying mechanism of this function remains unknown. Here, we report that Orai1 mediates osteogenic differentiation via bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling pathway in bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs). In osteogenic conditions, BMSCs derived from wild-type mice underwent osteoblastic differentiation and induced mineralization as demonstrated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red S staining, respectively. The expression of Runx2, a master regulator of osteoblast differentiation, and osteogenic differentiation markers were markedly increased in wild-type BMSCs under osteogenic conditions. In contrast, osteogenic conditions failed to induce such effects in BMSCs derived from Orai1-deficient (Orai1(-/-)) mice, indicating that Orai1 is, in part, necessary for osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. We also found that BMP2 successfully induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8, the immediate effector molecules of BMP signaling, in wild-type BMSCs, but failed to do so in Orai1(-/-) BMSCs. Downstream target genes of BMP signaling pathway were consistently increased by osteogenic conditions in wild-type BMSCs, but not in Orai1(-/-) BMSCs, suggesting a novel molecular link between Orai1 and BMP signaling pathway in the osteogenic differentiation process. Further functional studies demonstrated that activation of BMP signaling rescues osteogenic differentiation capacity of Orai1(-/-) BMSCs. In conclusion, Orai1 regulates osteogenic differentiation through BMP signaling, and the Orai1-BMP signaling may be a possible therapeutic target for treating bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Lee
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yongtae Park
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Minju Song
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sonal Srikanth
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sol Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mo K Kang
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yousang Gwack
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - No-Hee Park
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Reuben H Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Ki-Hyuk Shin
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Pelekanou V, Kampa M, Kiagiadaki F, Deli A, Theodoropoulos P, Agrogiannis G, Patsouris E, Tsapis A, Castanas E, Notas G. Estrogen anti-inflammatory activity on human monocytes is mediated through cross-talk between estrogen receptor ERα36 and GPR30/GPER1. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:333-47. [PMID: 26394816 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0914-430rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens are known modulators of monocyte/macrophage functions; however, the underlying mechanism has not been clearly defined. Recently, a number of estrogen receptor molecules and splice variants were identified that exert different and sometimes opposing actions. We assessed the expression of estrogen receptors and explored their role in mediating estrogenic anti-inflammatory effects on human primary monocytes. We report that the only estrogen receptors expressed are estrogen receptor-α 36-kDa splice variant and G-protein coupled receptor 30/G-protein estrogen receptor 1, in a sex-independent manner. 17-β-Estradiol inhibits the LPS-induced IL-6 inflammatory response, resulting in inhibition of NF-κB transcriptional activity. This is achieved via a direct physical interaction of ligand-activated estrogen receptor-α 36-kDa splice variant with the p65 component of NF-κB in the nucleus. G-protein coupled receptor 30/G-protein estrogen receptor 1, which also physically interacts with estrogen receptor-α 36-kDa splice variant, acts a coregulator in this process, because its inhibition blocks the effect of estrogens on IL-6 expression. However, its activation does not mimic the effect of estrogens, on neither IL-6 nor NF-κB activity. Finally, we show that the estrogen receptor profile observed in monocytes is not modified during their differentiation to macrophages or dendritic cells in vitro and is shared in vivo by macrophages present in atherosclerotic plaques. These results position estrogen receptor-α 36-kDa splice variant and G-protein coupled receptor 30 as important players and potential therapeutic targets in monocyte/macrophage-dependent inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Pelekanou
- Laboratories of *Experimental Endocrinology, Pathology, and Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Marilena Kampa
- Laboratories of *Experimental Endocrinology, Pathology, and Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Foteini Kiagiadaki
- Laboratories of *Experimental Endocrinology, Pathology, and Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Deli
- Laboratories of *Experimental Endocrinology, Pathology, and Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Panayiotis Theodoropoulos
- Laboratories of *Experimental Endocrinology, Pathology, and Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - George Agrogiannis
- Laboratories of *Experimental Endocrinology, Pathology, and Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Efstratios Patsouris
- Laboratories of *Experimental Endocrinology, Pathology, and Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Tsapis
- Laboratories of *Experimental Endocrinology, Pathology, and Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Elias Castanas
- Laboratories of *Experimental Endocrinology, Pathology, and Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - George Notas
- Laboratories of *Experimental Endocrinology, Pathology, and Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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15
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Wan XJ, Zhao HC, Zhang P, Huo B, Shen BR, Yan ZQ, Qi YX, Jiang ZL. Involvement of BK channel in differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by mechanical stretch. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 59:21-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Laredo SA, Villalon Landeros R, Trainor BC. Rapid effects of estrogens on behavior: environmental modulation and molecular mechanisms. Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35:447-58. [PMID: 24685383 PMCID: PMC4175137 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol can modulate neural activity and behavior via both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. Environmental cues have a major impact on the relative importance of these signaling pathways with significant consequences for behavior. First we consider how photoperiod modulates nongenomic estrogen signaling on behavior. Intriguingly, short days permit rapid effects of estrogens on aggression in both rodents and song sparrows. This highlights the importance of considering photoperiod as a variable in laboratory research. Next we review evidence for rapid effects of estradiol on ecologically-relevant behaviors including aggression, copulation, communication, and learning. We also address the impact of endocrine disruptors on estrogen signaling, such as those found in corncob bedding used in rodent research. Finally, we examine the biochemical mechanisms that may mediate rapid estrogen action on behavior in males and females. A common theme across these topics is that the effects of estrogens on social behaviors vary across different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Laredo
- Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Rosalina Villalon Landeros
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States
| | - Brian C Trainor
- Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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17
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Prossnitz ER, Barton M. Estrogen biology: new insights into GPER function and clinical opportunities. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 389:71-83. [PMID: 24530924 PMCID: PMC4040308 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens play an important role in the regulation of normal physiology, aging and many disease states. Although the nuclear estrogen receptors have classically been described to function as ligand-activated transcription factors mediating genomic effects in hormonally regulated tissues, more recent studies reveal that estrogens also mediate rapid signaling events traditionally associated with G protein-coupled receptors. The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER (formerly GPR30) has now become recognized as a major mediator of estrogen's rapid cellular effects throughout the body. With the discovery of selective synthetic ligands for GPER, both agonists and antagonists, as well as the use of GPER knockout mice, significant advances have been made in our understanding of GPER function at the cellular, tissue and organismal levels. In many instances, the protective/beneficial effects of estrogen are mimicked by selective GPER agonism and are absent or reduced in GPER knockout mice, suggesting an essential or at least parallel role for GPER in the actions of estrogen. In this review, we will discuss recent advances and our current understanding of the role of GPER and the activity of clinically used drugs, such as SERMs and SERDs, in physiology and disease. We will also highlight novel opportunities for clinical development towards GPER-targeted therapeutics, for molecular imaging, as well as for theranostic approaches and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Prossnitz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNM Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87120, USA.
| | - Matthias Barton
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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18
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Cheng SB, Dong J, Pang Y, LaRocca J, Hixon M, Thomas P, Filardo EJ. Anatomical location and redistribution of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 during the estrus cycle in mouse kidney and specific binding to estrogens but not aldosterone. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:950-9. [PMID: 24239983 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have linked renoprotective effects of estrogens to G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER-1) and suggest that aldosterone may also activate GPER-1. Here, the role of GPER-1 in murine renal tissue was further evaluated by examining its anatomical distribution, subcellular distribution and steroid binding specificity. Dual immunofluorescent staining using position-specific markers showed that GPER-1 immunoreactivity primarily resides in distal convoluted tubules and the Loop of Henle (stained with Tamm-Horsfall Protein-1). Lower GPER-1 expression was observed in proximal convoluted tubules marked with megalin, and GPER-1 was not detected in collecting ducts. Plasma membrane fractions prepared from whole kidney tissue or HEK293 cells expressing recombinant human GPER-1 (HEK-GPER-1) displayed high-affinity, specific [(3)H]-17β-estradiol ([(3)H]-E2) binding, but no specific [(3)H]-aldosterone binding. In contrast, cytosolic preparations exhibited specific binding to [(3)H]-aldosterone but not to [(3)H]-E2, consistent with the subcellular distribution of GPER-1 and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in these preparations. Aldosterone and MR antagonists, spironolactone and eplerenone, failed to compete for specific [(3)H]-E2 binding to membranes of HEK-GPER-1 cells. Furthermore, aldosterone did not increase [(35)S]-GTP-γS binding to membranes of HEK-GPER-1 cells, indicating that it is not involved in G protein signaling mediated through GPER-1. During the secretory phases of the estrus cycle, GPER-1 is upregulated on cortical epithelia and localized to the basolateral surface during proestrus and redistributed intracellularly during estrus. GPER-1 is down-modulated during luteal phases of the estrus cycle with significantly less receptor on the surface of renal epithelia. Our results demonstrate that GPER-1 is associated with specific estrogen binding and not aldosterone binding and that GPER-1 expression is modulated during the estrus cycle which may suggest a physiological role for GPER-1 in the kidney during reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Bin Cheng
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, RI, United States
| | - Jing Dong
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, United States
| | - Yefei Pang
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, United States
| | - Jessica LaRocca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, RI, United States
| | - Mary Hixon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, RI, United States
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, United States.
| | - Edward J Filardo
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, RI, United States.
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De Petrocellis L, Ligresti A, Schiano Moriello A, Iappelli M, Verde R, Stott CG, Cristino L, Orlando P, Di Marzo V. Non-THC cannabinoids inhibit prostate carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo: pro-apoptotic effects and underlying mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 168:79-102. [PMID: 22594963 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02027.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cannabinoid receptor activation induces prostate carcinoma cell (PCC) apoptosis, but cannabinoids other than Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which lack potency at cannabinoid receptors, have not been investigated. Some of these compounds antagonize transient receptor potential melastatin type-8 (TRPM8) channels, the expression of which is necessary for androgen receptor (AR)-dependent PCC survival. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We tested pure cannabinoids and extracts from Cannabis strains enriched in particular cannabinoids (BDS), on AR-positive (LNCaP and 22RV1) and -negative (DU-145 and PC-3) cells, by evaluating cell viability (MTT test), cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction, by FACS scans, caspase 3/7 assays, DNA fragmentation and TUNEL, and size of xenograft tumours induced by LNCaP and DU-145 cells. KEY RESULTS Cannabidiol (CBD) significantly inhibited cell viability. Other compounds became effective in cells deprived of serum for 24 h. Several BDS were more potent than the pure compounds in the presence of serum. CBD-BDS (i.p.) potentiated the effects of bicalutamide and docetaxel against LNCaP and DU-145 xenograft tumours and, given alone, reduced LNCaP xenograft size. CBD (1-10 µM) induced apoptosis and induced markers of intrinsic apoptotic pathways (PUMA and CHOP expression and intracellular Ca(2+)). In LNCaP cells, the pro-apoptotic effect of CBD was only partly due to TRPM8 antagonism and was accompanied by down-regulation of AR, p53 activation and elevation of reactive oxygen species. LNCaP cells differentiated to androgen-insensitive neuroendocrine-like cells were more sensitive to CBD-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data support the clinical testing of CBD against prostate carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano De Petrocellis
- Istituto di Cibernetica, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy.
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20
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Ervin KSJ, Phan A, Gabor CS, Choleris E. Rapid oestrogenic regulation of social and nonsocial learning. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:1116-32. [PMID: 23876061 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Much research on oestrogens has focused on their long-term action, exerting behavioural effects within hours to days through gene transcription. Oestrogens also affect behaviour on a much shorter time scale. These rapid effects are assumed to occur through cell signalling and can elicit a behavioural effect as early as 15 min after treatment. These effects on behaviour have primarily been explored through the action of oestradiol at three well-known oestrogen receptors (ERs): ERα, ERβ and the more recently described G protein-coupled ER1 (GPER1). The rapid effects of oestradiol and ER agonists have been tested on both social and nonsocial learning paradigms. Social learning refers to a paradigm in which an animal acquires information and modifies its behaviour based on observation of another animal, commonly studied using the social transmission of food preferences paradigm. When administered shortly before testing, oestradiol rapidly improves social learning on this task, although no ER agonist has definitive, comparable improving effects. Some evidence points to GPER1, whereas ERα impairs, and ERβ activation has no effect on social learning. Conversely, ERα and GPER1 play a larger role than ERβ in the rapid improving effect of oestrogens on nonsocial learning, including social and object recognition. In addition, when administered immediately post-acquisition, oestrogens also rapidly improve memory consolidation in a variety of learning paradigms: object recognition, object placement, inhibitory avoidance and the Morris water maze, indicating that oestradiol affects the consolidation of multiple types of memory. Evidence suggests that these improvements are the result of oestrogens acting in the dorsal hippocampus where selective activation of all three ERs shows rapid improving effects on spatial learning comparable to oestradiol. However, the hippocampus is not necessary for rapid oestradiol improvements on social recognition. Although acute treatment with oestradiol enhances learning and memory on various social and nonsocial learning paradigms, the specific ERs play different roles in each type of learning. Future research should aim to further determine the roles of ERs with respect to the enhancing effects of oestradiol on learning and memory, and also determine where in the brain oestradiol acts to affect social and nonsocial learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S J Ervin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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21
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Skrzypczak M, Schüler S, Lattrich C, Ignatov A, Ortmann O, Treeck O. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) expression in endometrial adenocarcinoma and effect of agonist G-1 on growth of endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines. Steroids 2013; 78:1087-91. [PMID: 23921077 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER, GPR30) is suggested to be involved in non-nuclear estrogen signaling and is expressed in a variety of hormone dependent cancer entities. This study was performed to further elucidate the role of this receptor in endometrial adenocarcinoma. We first analyzed GPER expression at the mRNA level in 88 endometrial cancer or normal endometrial tissue samples and compared it to those of nuclear steroid hormone receptors. GPER transcript levels were found to be about 6-fold reduced, but still present in endometrial cancer. Expression of this receptor was decreased in all grading subgroups when compared to pre- or postmenopausal endometrium. GPER mRNA expression was associated with PR mRNA levels (Spearman's rho 0.4610, p<0.001). We then tested the effect of the GPER ligand G-1 on growth of three endometrial cancer cell lines with different GPER expression. GPER protein levels were highest in RL95-2 cells, moderate in HEC-1A cells and not detectable in HEC-1B cells. The moderate expression level in HEC-1A cells was similar to average tumor tissue expression. Treatment with G-1 significantly inhibited growth of the GPER-positive cell lines RL95-2 and HEC-1A in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the GPER-negative line HEC-1B was not affected. Though GPER transcript levels were found to be reduced in endometrial cancer, our in vitro data suggest that moderate GPER expression might be sufficient to mediate growth-inhibitory effects triggered by its agonist G-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Skrzypczak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
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Jiang QF, Wu TT, Yang JY, Dong CR, Wang N, Liu XH, Liu ZM. 17β-estradiol promotes the invasion and migration of nuclear estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells through cross-talk between GPER1 and CXCR1. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 138:314-24. [PMID: 23907016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) is widely expressed in human breast cancers correlating with increased tumor size and malignancy. Although estrogen signaling via GPER1 was extensively studied in recent years, the underlying molecular mechanism of GPER1-associated metastasis of breast cancer still remains unclear. In this study, the main aims were focused on the potential role of GPER1 in regulating migration and invasion of nuclear estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer cells upon 17β-estradiol (E2) stimulation and the involved signaling pathway. Key events in estrogen signaling were chosen for our studies, such as the activation of ERK and AKT, nuclear translocation of NF-κB and secretion of Interleukin-8 (IL-8). The migration and invasion activities upon E2 stimulation were also examined in ER-negative SKBR3 and BT-20 breast cancer cells. Compared with ER-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells, both SKBR3 and BT-20 cells had very similar expression of GPER1, but relatively high expression of CXC receptor-1 (CXCR1), which is considered as an active regulator for cancer metastasis upon binding IL-8. Results showed that E2 facilitated the activation of ERK, AKT and NF-κB, which could be significantly attenuated by GPER1 blockage or knock-down in both SKBR3 and BT-20 cells. Moreover, increased secretion of IL-8 induced by E2 was also inhibited either by specific inhibitors for GPER1, ERK, AKT, and NF-κB, or by knock-down for GPER1. Furthermore, E2 could activate the migration and invasion of both SKBR3 and BT-20 cells, which in turn could also be inhibited by blocking GPER1, ERK, AKT, NF-κB, and CXCR1, respectively, or knock-down for GPER1 and CXCR1. In conclusion, we demonstrated that estrogen signaling via GPER1 associated with the metastasis of breast cancer, which might be through GPER1/ERK&AKT/NF-κB/IL-8/CXCR1 cascade. The cross-talk between GPER1 and CXCR1 could be another potential target for the therapy of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Feng Jiang
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Ren J, Wang XH, Wang GC, Wu JH. 17β estradiol regulation of connexin 43-based gap junction and mechanosensitivity through classical estrogen receptor pathway in osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells. Bone 2013; 53:587-96. [PMID: 23247057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43) plays an essential role in osteocyte mechanotransduction. Although estrogen involves in the adaptive responses of bone cells to mechanical loadings, its effects on osteocytic Cx43-based gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) remain obscure. We found that 17β estradiol (E2) up-regulated Cx43, and enhanced GJIC in osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells in fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) assay. Combination of E2 pre-treatment and oscillating fluid flow (OFF) further enhanced Cx43 expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, comparing to E2 or OFF treatment alone. Both blocking of classical estrogen receptors (ERα/β) by fulvestrant and ERα knockdown by small interfering RNA inhibited E2-mediated Cx43 increase, while a GPR30-specific agonist G-1 failed to promote Cx43 expression. Our results suggest that the presence of E2 enhanced Cx43-based GJIC mainly via ERα/β pathway, and sensitized osteocytes to mechanical loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ren
- Imaging & Characterization lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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