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Novotná R, Franková J. Materials Suitable for Osteochondral Regeneration. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:30097-30108. [PMID: 39035913 PMCID: PMC11256084 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Osteochondral defects affect articular cartilage, calcified cartilage, and subchondral bone. The main problem that they cause is a different behavior of cell tissue in the osteochondral and bone part. Articular cartilage is composed mainly of collagen II, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and water, and has a low healing ability due to a lack of vascularization. However, bone tissue is composed of collagen I, proteoglycans, and inorganic composites such as hydroxyapatite. Due to the discrepancy between the characters of these two parts, it is difficult to find materials that will meet all the structural and other requirements for effective regeneration. When designing a scaffold for an osteochondral defect, a variety of materials are available, e.g., polymers (synthetic and natural), inorganic particles, and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. All of them require the accurate characterization of the prepared materials and a number of in vitro and in vivo tests before they are applied to patients. Taken in concert, the final material needs to mimic the structural, morphological, chemical, and cellular demands of the native tissue. In this review, we present an overview of the structure and composition of the osteochondral part, especially synthetic materials with additives appropriate for healing osteochondral defects. Finally, we summarize in vitro and in vivo methods suitable for evaluating materials for restoring osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Novotná
- Department
of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 775 15, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Franková
- Department
of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 775 15, Czech Republic
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2
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Sun Q, Huynh K, Muratovic D, Gunn NJ, Zelmer AR, Solomon LB, Atkins GJ, Yang D. Rapid bacterial evaluation beyond the colony forming unit in osteomyelitis. eLife 2024; 13:RP93698. [PMID: 38910553 PMCID: PMC11196105 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Examination of bacteria/host cell interactions is important for understanding the aetiology of many infectious diseases. The colony forming unit (CFU) has been the standard for quantifying bacterial burden for the past century, however, this suffers from low sensitivity and is dependent on bacterial culturability in vitro. Our data demonstrate the discrepancy between the CFU and bacterial genome copy number in an osteomyelitis-relevant co-culture system and we confirm diagnosis and quantify bacterial load in clinical bone specimens. This study provides an improved workflow for the quantification of bacterial burden in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - Kimberley Huynh
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - Dzenita Muratovic
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - Nicholas J Gunn
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - Anja R Zelmer
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - Lucian Bogdan Solomon
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideAustralia
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - Dongqing Yang
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
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3
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Souza A, Kevin M, Rodriguez BJ, Reynaud EG. The use of fluid-phase 3D printing to pattern alginate-gelatin hydrogel properties to guide cell growth and behaviour in vitro. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:045024. [PMID: 38810635 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad51bf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) (bio)printing technology has boosted the advancement of the biomedical field. However, tissue engineering is an evolving field and (bio)printing biomimetic constructions for tissue formation is still a challenge. As a new methodology to facilitate the construction of more complex structures, we suggest the use of the fluid-phase 3D printing to pattern the scaffold's properties. The methodology consists of an exchangeable fluid-phase printing medium in which the constructions are fabricated and patterned during the printing process. Using the fluid-phase methodology, the biological and mechanical properties can be tailored promoting cell behaviour guidance and compartmentalization. In this study, we first assessed different formulations of alginate/gelatin to create a stable substrate capable to promote massive cell colonizationin vitroover time. Overall, formulations with lower gelatin content and 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer as a solvent showed better stability under cell culture conditions and enhanced U2OS cell growth. Next, the fluid-phase showed better printing fidelity and resolution in comparison to air printing as it diminished the collapsing and the spread of the hydrogel strand. In sequence, the fluid-phase methodology was used to create functionalized alginate-gelatin-arginylglycylaspartic acid peptide (RGD) hydrogels via carbodiimides chemistry. The alginate-gelatin-RGD hydrogels showed an increase of 2.97-fold in cell growth and more spread substrate colonization in comparison to alginate-gelatin hydrogel. Moreover, the fluid-phase methodology was used to add RGD molecules to pre-determined parts of the alginate-gelatin substrate during the printing process promoting U2OS cell compartmentalization. In addition, different substrate stiffnesses were also created via fluid-phase by crosslinking the hydrogel with different concentrations of CaCl2during the printing process. As a result, the U2OS cells were also compartmentalized on the stiffer parts of the printings. Finally, our results showed that by combining stiffer hydrogel with RGD increasing concentrations we can create a synergetic effect and boost cell metabolism by up to 3.17-fold. This work presents an idea of a new printing process for tailoring multiple parameters in hydrogel substrates by using fluid-phase to generate more faithful replication of thein vivoenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Souza
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - McCarthy Kevin
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Brian J Rodriguez
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Emmanuel G Reynaud
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
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4
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Gunn NJ, Kidd SP, Solomon LB, Yang D, Roscioli E, Atkins GJ. Staphylococcus aureus persistence in osteocytes: weathering the storm of antibiotics and autophagy/xenophagy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1403289. [PMID: 38915921 PMCID: PMC11194354 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1403289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major causative pathogen of osteomyelitis. Intracellular infections of resident bone cells including osteocytes can persist despite gold-standard clinical intervention. The mechanisms by which intracellular S. aureus evades antibiotic therapy are unknown. In this study, we utilised an in vitro S. aureus infection model of human osteocytes to investigate whether antibiotic-mediated dysregulation of autophagy contributes to this phenomenon. Infected or non-infected osteocyte-like cells were exposed to combinations of rifampicin, vancomycin, and modulators of autophagy. Intracellular bacterial growth characteristics were assessed using colony-forming unit (CFU) analysis, viable bacterial DNA abundance, and the rate of escape into antibiotic-free medium, together with measures of autophagic flux. Rifampicin, alone or in combination with vancomycin, caused a rapid decrease in the culturability of intracellular bacteria, concomitant with stable or increased absolute bacterial DNA levels. Both antibiotics significantly inhibited autophagic flux. However, modulation of autophagic flux did not affect viable bacterial DNA levels. In summary, autophagy was shown to be a factor in the host-pathogen relationship in this model, as its modulation affected the growth state of intracellular S. aureus with respect to both their culturability and propensity to escape the intracellular niche. While rifampicin and vancomycin treatments moderately suppressed autophagic flux acutely, this did not explain the paradoxical response of antibiotic treatment in decreasing S. aureus culturability whilst failing to clear bacterial DNA and hence intracellular bacterial load. Thus, off-target effects of rifampicin and vancomycin on autophagic flux in osteocyte-like cells could not explain the persistent S. aureus infection in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Gunn
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stephen P. Kidd
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Research Centre for Infectious Disease, School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lucian B. Solomon
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dongqing Yang
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Eugene Roscioli
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, South Australia (SA) Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gerald J. Atkins
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Kruse HV, Chakraborty S, Chen R, Kumar N, Yasir M, Lewin WT, Suchowerska N, Willcox MDP, McKenzie DR. Protecting Orthopaedic Implants from Infection: Antimicrobial Peptide Mel4 Is Non-Toxic to Bone Cells and Reduces Bacterial Colonisation When Bound to Plasma Ion-Implanted 3D-Printed PAEK Polymers. Cells 2024; 13:656. [PMID: 38667271 PMCID: PMC11049013 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Even with the best infection control protocols in place, the risk of a hospital-acquired infection of the surface of an implanted device remains significant. A bacterial biofilm can form and has the potential to escape the host immune system and develop resistance to conventional antibiotics, ultimately causing the implant to fail, seriously impacting patient well-being. Here, we demonstrate a 4 log reduction in the infection rate by the common pathogen S. aureus of 3D-printed polyaryl ether ketone (PAEK) polymeric surfaces by covalently binding the antimicrobial peptide Mel4 to the surface using plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) treatment. The surfaces with added texture created by 3D-printed processes such as fused deposition-modelled polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and selective laser-sintered polyether ketone (PEK) can be equally well protected as conventionally manufactured materials. Unbound Mel4 in solution at relevant concentrations is non-cytotoxic to osteoblastic cell line Saos-2. Mel4 in combination with PIII aids Saos-2 cells to attach to the surface, increasing the adhesion by 88% compared to untreated materials without Mel4. A reduction in mineralisation on the Mel4-containing surfaces relative to surfaces without peptide was found, attributed to the acellular portion of mineral deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedi Verena Kruse
- Arto Hardy Family Biomedical Innovation Hub, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia;
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Sarcoma and Surgical Research Centre, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Sudip Chakraborty
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia (R.C.); (N.K.)
| | - Renxun Chen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia (R.C.); (N.K.)
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia (R.C.); (N.K.)
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.Y.); (M.D.P.W.)
| | - William T. Lewin
- Arto Hardy Family Biomedical Innovation Hub, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Sarcoma and Surgical Research Centre, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Mark D. P. Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.Y.); (M.D.P.W.)
| | - David R. McKenzie
- Arto Hardy Family Biomedical Innovation Hub, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia;
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Sarcoma and Surgical Research Centre, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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6
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Zuvairiya U, S M, Jayaraman S, Suresh V. The Oncolytic Effect of Aerva lanata on Osteosarcoma Cell Lines via the Apoptotic Signaling Pathway. Cureus 2024; 16:e58091. [PMID: 38738026 PMCID: PMC11088743 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteosarcoma, a malignant bone tumor, poses significant treatment challenges, necessitating the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. Aerva lanata (A. lanata), a medicinal plant with traditional use in various healthcare systems, has anti-cancer properties. This study looks at the oncolytic effect of A. lanata extract on osteosarcoma cell lines (sarcoma osteogenic-Saos2). Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the oncolytic effect of Aerva lanata on Saos2 cell lines through the apoptotic signaling pathway. Materials and methods A. lanata extract was prepared using Soxhlet extraction, and its cytotoxic effects on Saos2 cells were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of gene activity was used to assess the extract's effect on apoptotic signaling pathways. Results The MTT assay demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease in Saos2 proliferation following treatment with A. lanata extract at concentrations ranging from 50 μg to 200 μg. The standard deviations observed ranged from 1.414 to 7.071. Gene expression analysis revealed that the extract led to a reduction in the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of the anti-apoptotic marker B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), with standard deviations ranging from 1 to 0.535. Conversely, it induced an increase in the mRNA levels of the tumor suppressor protein p53, with standard deviations ranging from 1 to 1.835. These findings suggest that the extract modulates the apoptotic pathways of the Bcl2 and p53 genes. Conclusion A. lanata extract exhibits promising anti-cancer activity against Saos2 osteosarcoma cell lines, inducing apoptosis by downregulating Bcl2 and increasing p53. The study's findings suggest that A. lanata may be useful as a natural treatment for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummu Zuvairiya
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Menaka S
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Vasugi Suresh
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Miura T, Etani Y, Noguchi T, Hirao M, Takami K, Goshima A, Kurihara T, Fukuda Y, Ochiai N, Kanamoto T, Nakata K, Okada S, Ebina K. Iguratimod suppresses sclerostin and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand production via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/early growth response protein 1/tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway in osteocytes and ameliorates disuse osteoporosis in mice. Bone 2024; 181:117026. [PMID: 38325651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Disuse osteoporosis is a prevalent complication among patients afflicted with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although reports have shown that the antirheumatic drug iguratimod (IGU) ameliorates osteoporosis in RA patients, details regarding its effects on osteocytes remain unclear. The current study examined the effects of IGU on osteocytes using a mouse model of disuse-induced osteoporosis, the pathology of which crucially involves osteocytes. A reduction in distal femur bone mass was achieved after 3 weeks of hindlimb unloading in mice, which was subsequently reversed by intraperitoneal IGU treatment (30 mg/kg; five times per week). Histology revealed that hindlimb-unloaded (HLU) mice had significantly increased osteoclast number and sclerostin-positive osteocyte rates, which were suppressed by IGU treatment. Moreover, HLU mice exhibited a significant decrease in osteocalcin-positive cells, which was attenuated by IGU treatment. In vitro, IGU suppressed the gene expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and sclerostin in MLO-Y4 and Saos-2 cells, which inhibited osteoclast differentiation of mouse bone marrow cells in cocultures. Although IGU did not affect the nuclear translocation or transcriptional activity of NF-κB, RNA sequencing revealed that IGU downregulated the expression of early growth response protein 1 (EGR1) in osteocytes. HLU mice showed significantly increased EGR1- and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-positive osteocyte rates, which were decreased by IGU treatment. EGR1 overexpression enhanced the gene expression of TNFα, RANKL, and sclerostin in osteocytes, which was suppressed by IGU. Contrarily, small interfering RNA-mediated suppression of EGR1 downregulated RANKL and sclerostin gene expression. These findings indicate that IGU inhibits the expression of EGR1, which may downregulate TNFα and consequently RANKL and sclerostin in osteocytes. These mechanisms suggest that IGU could potentially be used as a treatment option for disuse osteoporosis by targeting osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taihei Miura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Etani
- Department of Musculoskeletal Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takaaki Noguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka Minami Medical Center, 2-1 Kidohigashimachi, Kawachinagano, Osaka 586-8521, Japan
| | - Kenji Takami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Life Hospital, 2-1-54 Enokojima, Nishi-ku, Osaka, Osaka 550-0006, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goshima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka Rosai Hospital, 1179-3 Nagasone-cho, Kita-ku, Sakai, Osaka 591-8025, Japan
| | - Takuya Kurihara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Fukuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nagahiro Ochiai
- Department of Musculoskeletal Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanamoto
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken Nakata
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ebina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Musculoskeletal Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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8
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Menotti F, Scutera S, Maniscalco E, Coppola B, Bondi A, Costa C, Longo F, Mandras N, Pagano C, Cavallo L, Banche G, Malandrino M, Palmero P, Allizond V. Is Silver Addition to Scaffolds Based on Polycaprolactone Blended with Calcium Phosphates Able to Inhibit Candida albicans and Candida auris Adhesion and Biofilm Formation? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2784. [PMID: 38474027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida spp. periprosthetic joint infections are rare but difficult-to-treat events, with a slow onset, unspecific symptoms or signs, and a significant relapse risk. Treatment with antifungals meets with little success, whereas prosthesis removal improves the outcome. In fact, Candida spp. adhere to orthopedic devices and grow forming biofilms that contribute to the persistence of this infection and relapse, and there is insufficient evidence that the use of antifungals has additional benefits for anti-biofilm activity. To date, studies on the direct antifungal activity of silver against Candida spp. are still scanty. Additionally, polycaprolactone (PCL), either pure or blended with calcium phosphate, could be a good candidate for the design of 3D scaffolds as engineered bone graft substitutes. Thus, the present research aimed to assess the antifungal and anti-biofilm activity of PCL-based constructs by the addition of antimicrobials, for instance, silver, against C. albicans and C. auris. The appearance of an inhibition halo around silver-functionalized PCL scaffolds for both C. albicans and C. auris was revealed, and a significant decrease in both adherent and planktonic yeasts further demonstrated the release of Ag+ from the 3D constructs. Due to the combined antifungal, osteoproliferative, and biodegradable properties, PCL-based 3D scaffolds enriched with silver showed good potential for bone tissue engineering and offer a promising strategy as an ideal anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm tool for the reduction in prosthetic joints of infections caused by Candida spp. by using antimicrobial molecule-targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Menotti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Scutera
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Eleonora Maniscalco
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Coppola
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bondi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Costa
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Longo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Narcisa Mandras
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Pagano
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenza Cavallo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giuliana Banche
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Mery Malandrino
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Palmero
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Allizond
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
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9
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Knill C, Henderson EJ, Johnson C, Wah VY, Cheng K, Forster AJ, Itasaki N. Defects of the spliceosomal gene SNRPB affect osteo- and chondro-differentiation. FEBS J 2024; 291:272-291. [PMID: 37584444 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Although gene splicing occurs throughout the body, the phenotype of spliceosomal defects is largely limited to specific tissues. Cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome (CCMS) is one such spliceosomal disease, which presents as congenital skeletal dysmorphism and is caused by mutations of SNRPB gene encoding Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptides B/B' (SmB/B'). This study employed in vitro cell cultures to monitor osteo- and chondro-differentiation and examined the role of SmB/B' in the differentiation process. We found that low levels of SmB/B' by knockdown or mutations of SNRPB led to suppressed osteodifferentiation in Saos-2 osteoprogenitor-like cells, which was accompanied by affected splicing of Dlx5. On the other hand, low SmB/B' led to promoted chondrogenesis in HEPM mesenchymal stem cells. Consistent with other reports, osteogenesis was promoted by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activator and suppressed by Wnt and BMP blockers, whereas chondrogenesis was promoted by Wnt inhibitors. Suppressed osteogenic markers by SNRPB knockdown were partly rescued by Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. Reporter analysis revealed that suppression of SNRPB results in attenuated Wnt pathway and/or enhanced BMP pathway activities. SNRPB knockdown altered splicing of TCF7L2 which impacts Wnt/β-catenin pathway activities. This work helps unravel the mechanism underlying CCMS whereby reduced expression of spliceosomal proteins causes skeletal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Knill
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
| | | | - Craig Johnson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Vun Yee Wah
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Kevin Cheng
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
| | | | - Nobue Itasaki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
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10
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Gupta D, Singh AK, Bellare J. Natural bone inspired core-shell triple-layered gel/PCL/gel 3D printed scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:065027. [PMID: 37879307 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad06c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite technological advancements in bone tissue engineering, it is still a challenge to fabricate a scaffold with high bioactivity as well as high mechanical strength that can promote osteogenesis as well as bear load. Here we developed a 3D printed gel-polymer multi-layered hybrid scaffold. The innermost layer is porous gel-based framework made of gelatin/carboxymethyl-chitin/nano-hydroxyapatite and is cryogenically 3D printed. Further, the second and middle layer of micro-engineered polycaprolactone (PCL) is infused in the gel with controlled penetration and tuneable coating thickness. The PCL surface is further coated with a third and final thin layer of gel matrix used for the first layer. This triple-layered structure demonstrates compression strength and modulus of 13.07 ± 1.15 MPa and 21.8 ± 0.82 MPa, respectively, post 8 weeks degradation which is >3000% and >700% than gel scaffold. It also shows degradation of 6.84 ± 0.70% (83% reduction than gel scaffold) after 12 weeks and swelling of 69.09 ± 6.83% (81% reduction) as compared to gel scaffolds. Further, nearly 300%, 250%, 50%, and 440% increase in cellular attachment, proliferation, protein generation, and mineralization, respectively are achieved as compared to only PCL scaffolds. Thus, these hybrid scaffolds offer high mechanical strength, slow degradation rate, high bioactivity, and high osteoconductivity. These multifunctional scaffolds have potential for reconstructing non-load-bearing bone defects like sinus lift, jaw cysts, and moderate load-bearing like reconstructing hard palate, orbital palate, and other craniomaxillofacial bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Gupta
- Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- Central Research Facility (CRF), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Jayesh Bellare
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Tata Centre for Technology and Design, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Wadhwani Research Centre for Bioengineering (WRCB), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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11
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Yang D, Zhi W, Li J, Liu M, Lu Y, Han J. Circ_KIAA0922 regulates Saos-2 cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation by regulating the miR-148a-3p/SMAD5 axis and activating the TGF-β signaling pathway. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2023; 12:222-233. [PMID: 38024586 PMCID: PMC10680163 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2023.01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as important regulators in human disease, but their function in osteoporosis (OP) is not sufficiently known. The aim of this study was to identify the possible molecular mechanism of circ_KIAA0922 in osteogenic differentiation of Saos-2 cells in vitro and the interactions among circ_KIAA0922, miR-148a-3p, and SMAD family member 5 (SMAD5). Circ_ KIAA0922, miR-148a-3p, and SMAD5 were overexpressed by transient transfection. Dual-luciferase reporter assay system was used to analyze the combination among circ_KIAA0922, miR-148a-3p, and SMAD5. In addition, the levels of circ_KIAA0922, miR-148a-3p, SMAD5, osteocalcin (OCN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) were detected using RT-qPCR or western blot analysis. Alizarin red staining was performed to analyze the degree of osteogenic differentiation under the control of circ_KIAA0922, miR-148a-3p, and SMAD5. We found that circ_KIAA0922 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of Saos-2 cells. Circ_KIAA0922 directly targeted miR-148a-3p, and miR-148a-3p inhibition reversed the effects of circ_KIAA0922 knockdown on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of Saos-2 cells. Overexpression of SMAD5 promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of Saos-2 cells and attenuated the inhibitory effect of miR-148a-3p on cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, circ_ KIAA0922 facilitated Saos-2 cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation via the circ_KIAA0922/ miR-148a-3p/ SMAD5 axes in vitro, thus providing insights into the mechanism of osteogenic differentiation by circ_ KIAA0922.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongtao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhi
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Meilin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanqin Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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12
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Zelmer AR, Starczak Y, Solomon LB, Richter K, Yang D, Atkins GJ. Saos-2 cells cultured under hypoxia rapidly differentiate to an osteocyte-like stage and support intracellular infection by Staphylococcus aureus. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15851. [PMID: 37929653 PMCID: PMC10626491 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular infection of osteocytes represents a clinically important aspect of osteomyelitis. However, few human osteocyte in vitro models exist and the differentiation of immature osteoblasts to an osteocyte stage typically takes at least 4-weeks of culture, making the study of this process challenging and time consuming. The osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2 has proved to be a useful model of human osteoblast to mature osteocyte differentiation. Culture under osteogenic conditions in a standard normoxic (21% O2 ) atmosphere results in reproducible mineralization and acquisition of mature osteocyte markers over the expected 28-35 day culture period. In order to expedite experimental assays, we tested whether reducing available oxygen to mimic concentrations experienced by osteocytes in vivo would increase the rate of differentiation. Cells cultured under 1% O2 exhibited maximal mineral deposition by 14 days. Early (COLA1, MEPE) and mature (PHEX, DMP1, GJA1, SOST) osteocyte markers were upregulated earlier under hypoxia compared to normoxia. Cells differentiated under 1% O2 for 14 days displayed a similar ability to internalize Staphylococcus aureus as day 28 cells grown under normoxic conditions. Thus, low oxygen accelerates Saos-2 osteocyte differentiation, resulting in a useful human osteocyte-like cell model within 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja R. Zelmer
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Yolandi Starczak
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Lucian B. Solomon
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumaRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Katharina Richter
- Richter Lab, Department of SurgeryBasil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Dongqing Yang
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Gerald J. Atkins
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
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13
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Zenobi E, Merco M, Mochi F, Ruspi J, Pecci R, Marchese R, Convertino A, Lisi A, Del Gaudio C, Ledda M. Tailoring the Microarchitectures of 3D Printed Bone-like Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050567. [PMID: 37237637 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Material extrusion (MEX), commonly referred to as fused deposition modeling (FDM) or fused filament fabrication (FFF), is a versatile and cost-effective technique to fabricate suitable scaffolds for tissue engineering. Driven by a computer-aided design input, specific patterns can be easily collected in an extremely reproducible and repeatable process. Referring to possible skeletal affections, 3D-printed scaffolds can support tissue regeneration of large bone defects with complex geometries, an open major clinical challenge. In this study, polylactic acid scaffolds were printed resembling trabecular bone microarchitecture in order to deal with morphologically biomimetic features to potentially enhance the biological outcome. Three models with different pore sizes (i.e., 500, 600, and 700 µm) were prepared and evaluated by means of micro-computed tomography. The biological assessment was carried out seeding SAOS-2 cells, a bone-like cell model, on the scaffolds, which showed excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteoinductivity. The model with larger pores, characterized by improved osteoconductive properties and protein adsorption rate, was further investigated as a potential platform for bone-tissue engineering, evaluating the paracrine activity of human mesenchymal stem cells. The reported findings demonstrate that the designed microarchitecture, better mimicking the natural bone extracellular matrix, favors a greater bioactivity and can be thus regarded as an interesting option for bone-tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Zenobi
- Hypatia Research Consortium, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
- E. Amaldi Foundation, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Merco
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Mochi
- Hypatia Research Consortium, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Ruspi
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pecci
- National Centre for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Marchese
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Fatebenefratelli S. Peter Hospital, Via Cassia, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Convertino
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Lisi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mario Ledda
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
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14
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Shah L, Latif A, Williams KJ, Mancuso E, Tirella A. Invasion and Secondary Site Colonization as a Function of In Vitro Primary Tumor Matrix Stiffness: Breast to Bone Metastasis. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201898. [PMID: 36351739 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased breast tissue stiffness is correlated with breast cancer risk and invasive cancer progression. However, its role in promoting bone metastasis, a major cause of mortality, is not yet understood. It is previously identified that the composition and stiffness of alginate-based hydrogels mimicking normal (1-2 kPa) and cancerous (6-10 kPa) breast tissue govern phenotype of breast cancer cells (including MDA-MB-231) in vitro. Here, to understand the causal effect of primary tumor stiffness on metastatic potential, a new breast-to-bone in vitro model is described. Together with alginate-gelatin hydrogels to mimic breast tissue, 3D printed biohybrid poly-caprolactone (PCL)-composite scaffolds, decellularized following bone-ECM deposition through Saos-2 engraftment, are used to mimic the bone tissue. It is reported that higher hydrogel stiffness results in the increased migration and invasion capacity of MDA-MB 231 cells. Interestingly, increased expression of osteolytic factors PTHrP and IL-6 is observed when MDA-MB-231 cells pre-conditioned in stiffer hydrogels (10 kPa, 3% w/v gelatin) colonize the bone/PCL scaffolds. The new breast-to-bone in vitro models herein described are designed with relevant tissue microenvironmental factors and could emerge as future non-animal technological platforms for monitoring metastatic processes and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekha Shah
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ayşe Latif
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Kaye J Williams
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Elena Mancuso
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, BT37 0QB, UK
| | - Annalisa Tirella
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,BIOtech - Center for Biomedical Technologies, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, Trento, 38123, Italy
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15
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Abstract
Dental materials are specially fabricated materials designed for use in dentistry. A variety of materials may be used, including cements, impression, lining, and dental restorative materials. Some of these dental materials provide temporary dressings while others are more permanent and are in contact with host tissue for prolonged periods of time. Consequently, newly developed dental materials not only require mechanical, chemical, and physical testing but also require in vitro analysis to ensure their safety and biocompatibility. The current chapter provides background on dental material characterization and a protocol for its in vitro biological testing.
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16
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Garcia-Moreno M, Jordan PM, Günther K, Dau T, Fritzsch C, Vermes M, Schoppa A, Ignatius A, Wildemann B, Werz O, Löffler B, Tuchscherr L. Osteocytes Serve as a Reservoir for Intracellular Persisting Staphylococcus aureus Due to the Lack of Defense Mechanisms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:937466. [PMID: 35935196 PMCID: PMC9355688 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.937466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic staphylococcal osteomyelitis can persist for long time periods causing bone destruction. The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to develop chronic infections is linked to its capacity to invade and replicate within osteoblasts and osteocytes and to switch to a dormant phenotype called small colony variants. Recently, osteocytes were described as a main reservoir for this pathogen in bone tissue. However, the mechanisms involved in the persistence of S. aureus within these cells are still unknown. Here, we investigated the interaction between S. aureus and osteoblasts or osteocytes during infection. While osteoblasts are able to induce a strong antimicrobial response and eliminate intracellular S. aureus, osteocytes trigger signals to recruit immune cells and enhance inflammation but fail an efficient antimicrobial activity to clear the bacterial infection. Moreover, we found that extracellular signals from osteocytes enhance intracellular bacterial clearance by osteoblasts. Even though both cell types express Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, the main TLR responsible for S. aureus detection, only osteoblasts were able to increase TLR2 expression after infection. Additionally, proteomic analysis indicates that reduced intracellular bacterial killing activity in osteocytes is related to low antimicrobial peptide expression. Nevertheless, high levels of lipid mediators and cytokines were secreted by osteocytes, suggesting that they can contribute to inflammation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that osteocytes contribute to severe inflammation observed in osteomyelitis and represent the main niche for S. aureus persistence due to their poor capacity for intracellular antimicrobial response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul M. Jordan
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Günther
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Therese Dau
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Fritzsch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Monika Vermes
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Astrid Schoppa
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Britt Wildemann
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Bettina Löffler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Lorena Tuchscherr
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Lorena Tuchscherr,
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17
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Identification of Common Oncogenic Genes and Pathways Both in Osteosarcoma and Ewing’s Sarcoma Using Bioinformatics Analysis. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:3655908. [PMID: 35578666 PMCID: PMC9107040 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3655908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at exploring common oncogenic genes and pathways both in osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. Microarray data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the limma package. Then, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed and hub genes were identified. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis was analyzed. The expression of common oncogenic genes was validated in 38 osteosarcoma and 17 Ewing's sarcoma tissues by RT-qPCR and western blot compared to normal tissues. 201 genes were differentially expressed. There were 121 nodes and 232 edges of the PPI network. Among 12 hub genes, hub genes FN1, COL1A1, and COL1A2 may involve in the development of osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. And they were reduced to expression both in osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma tissues at mRNA and protein levels compared to normal tissues. Knockdown of FN1, COL1A1, and COL1A2 enhanced the cell proliferation and migration of U2OS under the restriction of cisplatin. Our findings revealed the common oncogenic genes such as FN1, COL1A1, and COL1A2, which may act as antioncogene by enhancing cisplatin sensitivity in osteosarcoma cells, and pathways were both in osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma.
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18
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TBP, PPIA, YWHAZ and EF1A1 Are the Most Stably Expressed Genes during Osteogenic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084257. [PMID: 35457075 PMCID: PMC9025278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RT-qPCR is the gold standard and the most commonly used method for measuring gene expression. Selection of appropriate reference gene(s) for normalization is a crucial part of RT-qPCR experimental design, which allows accurate quantification and reliability of the results. Because there is no universal reference gene and even commonly used housekeeping genes’ expression can vary under certain conditions, careful selection of an appropriate internal control must be performed for each cell type or tissue and experimental design. The aim of this study was to identify the most stable reference genes during osteogenic differentiation of the human osteosarcoma cell lines MG-63, HOS, and SaOS-2 using the geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper statistical algorithms. Our results show that TBP, PPIA, YWHAZ, and EF1A1 are the most stably expressed genes, while ACTB, and 18S rRNA expressions are most variable. These data provide a basis for future RT-qPCR normalizations when studying gene expression during osteogenic differentiation, for example, in studies of osteoporosis and other bone diseases.
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19
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Lin X, Chi D, Meng Q, Gong Q, Tong Z. Single-Cell Sequencing Unveils the Heterogeneity of Nonimmune Cells in Chronic Apical Periodontitis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:820274. [PMID: 35237614 PMCID: PMC8883837 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.820274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) is a unique dynamic interaction between microbial invasions and host defense mechanisms, resulting in infiltration of immune cells, bone absorption, and periapical granuloma formation. To help to understand periapical tissue pathophysiology, we constituted a single-cell atlas for 26,737 high-quality cells from inflammatory periapical tissue and uncovered the complex cellular landscape. The eight types of cells, including nonimmune cells and immune cells, were identified in the periapical tissue of CAP. Considering the key roles of nonimmune cells in CAP, we emphasized osteo-like cells, basal/stromal cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells, and discovered their diversity and heterogeneity. The temporal profiling of genomic alterations from common CAP to typical periapical granuloma provided predictions for transcription factors and biological processes. Our study presented potential clues that the shift of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, proteases, and growth factors initiated polymorphic cell differentiation, lymphangiogenesis, and angiogenesis during CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Lin
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danlu Chi
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingzhen Meng
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qimei Gong
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qimei Gong, ; Zhongchun Tong,
| | - Zhongchun Tong
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qimei Gong, ; Zhongchun Tong,
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20
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Anti-Osteoporosis Effect of Perilla frutescens Leaf Hexane Fraction through Regulating Osteoclast and Osteoblast Differentiation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030824. [PMID: 35164085 PMCID: PMC8840259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the result of an imbalance in the bone-remodeling process via an increase in osteoclastic activity and a decrease in osteoblastic activity. Our previous studies have shown that Perilla frutescens seed meal has anti-osteoclastogenic activity. However, the role of perilla leaf hexane fraction (PLH) in osteoporosis has not yet been investigated and reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of PLH in osteoclast differentiation and osteogenic potential using cell-based experiments in vitro. From HPLC analysis, we found that PLH contained high luteolin and baicalein. PLH was shown to inhibit RANKL-induced ROS production and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multi-nucleated osteoclasts. Moreover, PLH significantly downregulated the RANKL-induced MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, leading to the attenuation of NFATc1 and MMP-9 expression. In contrast, PLH enhanced osteoblast function by regulating alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and restoring TNF-α-suppressed osteoblast proliferation and osteogenic potential. Thus, luteolin and baicalein-rich PLH inhibits osteoclast differentiation but promotes the function of osteoblasts. Collectively, our data provide new evidence that suggests that PLH may be a valuable anti-osteoporosis agent.
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21
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Gunn NJ, Zelmer AR, Kidd SP, Solomon LB, Roscioli E, Yang D, Atkins GJ. A Human Osteocyte Cell Line Model for Studying Staphylococcus aureus Persistence in Osteomyelitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:781022. [PMID: 34805001 PMCID: PMC8597899 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.781022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious osteomyelitis associated with periprosthetic joint infections is often recalcitrant to treatment and has a high rate of recurrence. In the case of Staphylococcus aureus, the most common pathogen in all forms of osteomyelitis, this may be attributed in part to residual intracellular infection of host cells, yet this is not generally considered in the treatment strategy. Osteocytes represent a unique cell type in this context due to their abundance, their formation of a syncytium throughout the bone that could facilitate bacterial spread and their relative inaccessibility to professional immune cells. As such, there is potential value in studying the host-pathogen interactions in the context of this cell type in a replicable and scalable in vitro model. Here, we examined the utility of the human osteosarcoma cell line SaOS2 differentiated to an osteocyte-like stage (SaOS2-OY) as an intracellular infection model for S. aureus. We demonstrate that S. aureus is capable of generating stable intracellular infections in SaOS2-OY cells but not in undifferentiated, osteoblast-like SaOS2 cells (SaOS2-OB). In SaOS2-OY cells, S. aureus transitioned towards a quasi-dormant small colony variant (SCV) growth phenotype over a 15-day post-infection period. The infected cells exhibited changes in the expression of key immunomodulatory mediators that are consistent with the infection response of primary osteocytes. Thus, SaOS2-OY is an appropriate cell line model that may be predictive of the interactions between S. aureus and human osteocytes, and this will be useful for studying mechanisms of persistence and for testing the efficacy of potential antimicrobial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Gunn
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anja R Zelmer
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stephen P Kidd
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Research Centre for Infectious Disease, School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lucian B Solomon
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Eugene Roscioli
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dongqing Yang
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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22
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Medrano-David D, Lopera AM, Londoño ME, Araque-Marín P. Formulation and Characterization of a New Injectable Bone Substitute Composed PVA/Borax/CaCO 3 and Demineralized Bone Matrix. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:46. [PMID: 34449632 PMCID: PMC8395841 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of bone-related disorders and diseases has dramatically increased in recent years around the world. Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) has been widely used as a bone implant due to its osteoinduction and bioactivity. However, the use of DBM is limited because it is a particulate material, which makes it difficult to manipulate and implant with precision. In addition, these particles are susceptible to migration to other sites. To address this situation, DBM is commonly incorporated into a variety of carriers. An injectable scaffold has advantages over bone grafts or preformed scaffolds, such as the ability to flow and fill a bone defect. The aim of this research was to develop a DBM carrier with such viscoelastic properties in order to obtain an injectable bone substitute (IBS). The developed DBM carrier consisted of a PVA/glycerol network cross-linked with borax and reinforced with CaCO3 as a pH neutralizer, porosity generator, and source of Ca. The physicochemical properties were determined by an injectability test, FTIR, SEM, and TGA. Porosity, degradation, bioactivity, possible cytotoxic effect, and proliferation in osteoblasts were also determined. The results showed that the developed material has great potential to be used in bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Medrano-David
- Research Group GIBEC, Life Sciences Faculty, EIA University, Envigado 055420, Colombia; (A.M.L.); (M.E.L.)
| | - Aura María Lopera
- Research Group GIBEC, Life Sciences Faculty, EIA University, Envigado 055420, Colombia; (A.M.L.); (M.E.L.)
| | - Martha Elena Londoño
- Research Group GIBEC, Life Sciences Faculty, EIA University, Envigado 055420, Colombia; (A.M.L.); (M.E.L.)
| | - Pedronel Araque-Marín
- Research and Innovation Group in Chemical Formulations, Life Sciences Faculty, EIA University, Envigado 055420, Colombia;
- CECOLTEC, Medellín 050022, Colombia
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23
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Munoz-Garcia J, Jubelin C, Loussouarn A, Goumard M, Griscom L, Renodon-Cornière A, Heymann MF, Heymann D. In vitro three-dimensional cell cultures for bone sarcomas. J Bone Oncol 2021; 30:100379. [PMID: 34307011 PMCID: PMC8287221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone sarcomas are rare tumour entities that arise from the mesenchyme most of which are highly heterogeneous at the cellular, genetic and epigenetic levels. The three main types are osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma. These oncological entities are characterised by high morbidity and mortality and an absence of significant therapeutic improvement in the last four decades. In the field of oncology, in vitro cultures of cancer cells have been extensively used for drug screening unfortunately with limited success. Indeed, despite the massive knowledge acquired from conventional 2D culture methods, scientific community has been challenged by the loss of efficacy of drugs when moved to clinical trials. The recent explosion of new 3D culture methods is paving the way to more relevant in vitro models mimicking the in vivo tumour environment (e.g. bone structure) with biological responses close to the in vivo context. The present review gives a brief overview of the latest advances of the 3D culture methods used for studying primary bone sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Munoz-Garcia
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France.,Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumour Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Camille Jubelin
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France.,Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumour Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Saint-Herblain, France.,Atlantic Bone Screen, Saint-Herblain, France
| | | | - Matisse Goumard
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France.,Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumour Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Saint-Herblain, France
| | | | | | - Marie-Françoise Heymann
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France.,Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumour Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France.,Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumour Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Saint-Herblain, France.,University of Sheffield, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, Sheffield, UK
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24
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Ito N, Prideaux M, Wijenayaka AR, Yang D, Ormsby RT, Bonewald LF, Atkins GJ. Sclerostin Directly Stimulates Osteocyte Synthesis of Fibroblast Growth Factor-23. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:66-76. [PMID: 33616712 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteocyte produced fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is the key regulator of serum phosphate (Pi) homeostasis. The interplay between parathyroid hormone (PTH), FGF23 and other proteins that regulate FGF23 production and serum Pi levels is complex and incompletely characterised. Evidence suggests that the protein product of the SOST gene, sclerostin (SCL), also a PTH target and also produced by osteocytes, plays a role in FGF23 expression, however the mechanism for this effect is unclear. Part of the problem of understanding the interplay of these mediators is the complex multi-organ system that achieves Pi homeostasis in vivo. In the current study, we sought to address this using a cell line model of the osteocyte, IDG-SW3, known to express FGF23 at both the mRNA and protein levels. In cultures of differentiated IDG-SW3 cells, both PTH1-34 and recombinant human (rh) SCL remarkably induced Fgf23 mRNA expression dose-dependently within 3 h. Both rhPTH1-34 and rhSCL also strongly induced C-terminal FGF23 protein secretion. Secreted intact FGF23 levels remained unchanged, consistent with constitutive post-translational cleavage of FGF23 in this cell model. Both rhPTH1-34 and rhSCL treatments significantly suppressed mRNA levels of Phex, Dmp1 and Enpp1 mRNA, encoding putative negative regulators of FGF23 levels, and induced Galnt3 mRNA expression, encoding N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase 3 (GalNAc-T3), which protects FGF23 from furin-like proprotein convertase-mediated cleavage. The effect of both rhPTH1-34 and rhSCL was antagonised by pre-treatment with the NF-κβ signalling inhibitors, BAY11 and TPCK. RhSCL also stimulated FGF23 mRNA expression in ex vivo cultures of human bone. These findings provide evidence for the direct regulation of FGF23 expression by sclerostin. Locally expressed sclerostin via the induction of FGF23 in osteocytes thus has the potential to contribute to the regulation of Pi homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Ito
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Matthew Prideaux
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- School of Medicine, Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Asiri R Wijenayaka
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Dongqing Yang
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Renee T Ormsby
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynda F Bonewald
- School of Medicine, Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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25
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Soylu HM, Chevallier P, Copes F, Ponti F, Candiani G, Yurt F, Mantovani D. A Novel Strategy to Coat Dopamine-Functionalized Titanium Surfaces With Agarose-Based Hydrogels for the Controlled Release of Gentamicin. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:678081. [PMID: 34178721 PMCID: PMC8224171 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.678081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of spinal implants for the treatment of back disorders is largely affected by the insurgence of infections at the implantation site. Antibacterial coatings have been proposed as a viable solution to limit such infections. However, despite being effective at short-term, conventional coatings lack the ability to prevent infections at medium and long-term. Hydrogel-based drug delivery systems may represent a solution controlling the release of the loaded antibacterial agents while improving cell integration. Agarose, in particular, is a biocompatible natural polysaccharide known to improve cell growth and already used in drug delivery system formulations. In this study, an agarose hydrogel-based coating has been developed for the controlled release of gentamicin (GS). Methods Sand blasted Ti6Al4V discs were grafted with dopamine (DOPA) solution. After, GS loaded agarose hydrogels have been produced and additioned with tannic acid (TA) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) as crosslinkers. The different GS-loaded hydrogel formulations were deposited on Ti6Al4V-DOPA surfaces, and allowed to react under UV irradiation. Surface topography, wettability and composition have been analyzed with profilometry, static contact angle measurement, XPS and FTIR spectroscopy analyses. GS release was performed under pseudo-physiological conditions up to 28 days and the released GS was quantified using a specific ELISA test. The cytotoxicity of the produced coatings against human cells have been tested, along with their antibacterial activity against S. aureus bacteria. Results A homogeneous coating was obtained with all the hydrogel formulations. Moreover, the coatings presented a hydrophilic behavior and micro-scale surface roughness. The addition of TA in the hydrogel formulations showed an increase in the release time compared to the normal GS-agarose hydrogels. Moreover, the GS released from these gels was able to significantly inhibit S. aureus growth compared to the GS-agarose hydrogels. The addition of CaCl2 to the gel formulation was able to significantly decrease cytotoxicity of the TA-modified hydrogels. Conclusions Due to their surface properties, low cytotoxicity and high antibacterial effects, the hereby proposed gentamicin-loaded agarose-hydrogels provide new insight, and represent a promising approach for the surface modification of spinal implants, greatly impacting their application in the orthopedic surgical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Melis Soylu
- Department Biomedical Technologies, The Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Pascale Chevallier
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier 1, Department of Min-Met-Materials Eng., University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QB, Canada
| | - Francesco Copes
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier 1, Department of Min-Met-Materials Eng., University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QB, Canada
| | - Federica Ponti
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier 1, Department of Min-Met-Materials Eng., University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QB, Canada.,GenT LΛB and µBioMI LΛB, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Candiani
- GenT LΛB and µBioMI LΛB, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fatma Yurt
- Department Biomedical Technologies, The Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey.,Department Nuclear Applications, Institute Nuclear Science, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier 1, Department of Min-Met-Materials Eng., University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QB, Canada
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26
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Antibacterial Optimization of Highly Deformed Titanium Alloys for Spinal Implants. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113145. [PMID: 34074062 PMCID: PMC8197332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the work was to develop materials dedicated to spine surgery that minimized the potential for infection originating from the transfer of bacteria during long surgeries. The bacteria form biofilms, causing implant loosening, pain and finally, a risk of paralysis for patients. Our strategy focused both on improvement of antibacterial properties against bacteria adhesion and on wear and corrosion resistance of tools for spine surgery. Further, a ~35% decrease in implant and tool dimensions was expected by introducing ultrahigh-strength titanium alloys for less-invasive surgeries. The tested materials, in the form of thin, multi-layered coatings, showed nanocrystalline microstructures. Performed direct-cytotoxicity studies (including lactate dehydrogenase activity measurement) showed that there was a low probability of adverse effects on surrounding SAOS-2 (Homo sapiens bone osteosarcoma) cells. The microbiological studies (e.g., ISO 22196 contact tests) showed that implanting Ag nanoparticles into Ti/TixN coatings inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus cells and reduced their adhesion to the material surface. These findings suggest that Ag-nanoparticles present in implant coatings may potentially minimize infection risk and lower inherent stress.
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27
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Mancuso E, Shah L, Jindal S, Serenelli C, Tsikriteas ZM, Khanbareh H, Tirella A. Additively manufactured BaTiO 3 composite scaffolds: A novel strategy for load bearing bone tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112192. [PMID: 34082989 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric ceramics, such as BaTiO3, have gained considerable attention in bone tissue engineering applications thanks to their biocompatibility, ability to sustain a charged surface as well as improve bone cells' adhesion and proliferation. However, the poor processability and brittleness of these materials hinder the fabrication of three-dimensional scaffolds for load bearing tissue engineering applications. For the first time, this study focused on the fabrication and characterisation of BaTiO3 composite scaffolds by using a multi-material 3D printing technology. Polycaprolactone (PCL) was selected and used as dispersion phase for its low melting point, easy processability and wide adoption in bone tissue engineering. The proposed single-step extrusion-based strategy enabled a faster and solvent-free process, where raw materials in powder forms were mechanically mixed and subsequently fed into the 3D printing system for further processing. PCL, PCL/hydroxyapatite and PCL/BaTiO3 composite scaffolds were successfully produced with high level of consistency and an inner architecture made of seamlessly integrated layers. The inclusion of BaTiO3 ceramic particles (10% wt.) significantly improved the mechanical performance of the scaffolds (54 ± 0.5 MPa) compared to PCL/hydroxyapatite scaffolds (40.4 ± 0.1 MPa); moreover, the presence of BaTiO3 increased the dielectric permittivity over the entire frequency spectrum and tested temperatures. Human osteoblasts Saos-2 were seeded on scaffolds and cellular adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and deposition of bone-like extracellular matrix were evaluated. All tested scaffolds (PCL, PCL/hydroxyapatite and PCL/BaTiO3) supported cell growth and viability, preserving the characteristic cellular osteoblastic phenotype morphology, with PCL/BaTiO3 composite scaffolds exhibiting higher mineralisation (ALP activity) and deposited bone-like extracellular matrix (osteocalcin and collagen I). The single-step multi-material additive manufacturing technology used for the fabrication of electroactive PCL/BaTiO3 composite scaffolds holds great promise for sustainability (reduced material waste and manufacturing costs) and it importantly suggests PCL/BaTiO3 scaffolds as promising candidates for load bearing bone tissue engineering applications to solve unmet clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mancuso
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Shore Road, BT37 0QB Newtownabbey, United Kingdom.
| | - Lekha Shah
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health (FMBH), University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Swati Jindal
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Shore Road, BT37 0QB Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
| | - Cecile Serenelli
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Shore Road, BT37 0QB Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hamideh Khanbareh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, BA2 7AY Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Tirella
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health (FMBH), University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT Manchester, United Kingdom.
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28
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Acute myeloid leukemia-induced remodeling of the human bone marrow niche predicts clinical outcome. Blood Adv 2021; 4:5257-5268. [PMID: 33108453 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine models of myeloid neoplasia show how leukemia infiltration alters the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche to reinforce malignancy at the expense of healthy hematopoiesis. However, little is known about the bone marrow architecture in humans and its impact on clinical outcome. Here, we dissect the bone marrow niche in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at first diagnosis. We combined immunohistochemical stainings with global gene expression analyses from these AML patients and correlated them with clinical features. Mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSPCs) lost quiescence and significantly expanded in the bone marrow of AML patients. Strikingly, their HSC- and niche-regulating capacities were impaired with significant inhibition of osteogenesis and bone formation in a cell contact-dependent manner through inhibition of cytoplasmic β-catenin. Assessment of bone metabolism by quantifying peripheral blood osteocalcin levels revealed 30% lower expression in AML patients at first diagnosis than in non-leukemic donors. Furthermore, patients with osteocalcin levels ≤11 ng/mL showed inferior overall survival with a 1-year survival rate of 38.7% whereas patients with higher osteocalcin levels reached a survival rate of 66.8%. These novel insights into the human AML bone marrow microenvironment help translate findings from preclinical models and detect new targets which might pave the way for niche-targeted therapies in AML patients.
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29
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Gupta D, Vashisth P, Bellare J. Multiscale porosity in a 3D printed gellan-gelatin composite for bone tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 33761468 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abf1a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop a complex-shaped gelatin-gellan composite scaffold with multiscale porosity using a combination of cryogenic 3D printing and lyophilization for bone tissue engineering. Cryogenic 3D printing was used to fabricate a low-concentration composite of complex-shaped macroporous gelatin-gellan structures with a pore size of 919 ± 89 µm. This was followed by lyophilization to introduce micropores of size 20-250 µm and nanometre-level surface functionalities, thus achieving a hierarchical porous structure. These multiscale porous scaffolds (GMu) were compared with two other types of scaffolds having only microporosity (GMi) and macroporosity (GMa) with regard to their physical andin vitrobiological properties. GMu scaffolds were found to be better than GMi and GMa in terms of swelling percentage, degradation rate, uniform pore distribution, cellular infiltration, attachment, proliferation, protein generation and mineralization. In conclusion, we have developed a controlled hierarchical bone-like structure, biomimicking natural bone, together with a reproducible process of manufacture by coupling soft hydrogel 3D printing with lyophilization. This enables the development of complex-shaped patient-specific 3D printed hydrogel scaffolds with enhanced performancein vitroand great potential in the fields of tissue engineering, bioprinting and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Priya Vashisth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Jayesh Bellare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.,Tata Centre for Technology and Design, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.,Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.,Wadhwani Research Centre for Bioengineering (WRCB), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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30
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Maher S, Wijenayaka AR, Lima-Marques L, Yang D, Atkins GJ, Losic D. Advancing of Additive-Manufactured Titanium Implants with Bioinspired Micro- to Nanotopographies. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:441-450. [PMID: 33492936 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for low-cost and more efficient titanium (Ti) medical implants that will provide improved osseointegration and at the same time reduce the likelihood of infection. In the past decade, additive manufacturing (AM) using metal selective laser melting (SLM) or three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques has emerged to enable novel implant geometries or properties to overcome such potential challenges. This study presents a new surface engineering approach to create bioinspired multistructured surfaces on SLM-printed Ti alloy (Ti6Al4V) implants by combining SLM technology, electrochemical anodization, and hydrothermal (HT) processes. The resulting implants display unique surfaces with a distinctive dual micro- to nano-topography composed of micron-sized spherical features, fabricated by SLM and vertically aligned nanoscale pillar structures as a result of combining anodization and HT treatment. The fabricated implants enhanced hydroxyapatite-like mineral deposition from simulated body fluid (SBF) compared to control. In addition, normal human osteoblast-like cells (NHBCs) showed strong adhesion to the nano-/microstructures and displayed greater propensity to mineralize compared to control surfaces. This engineering approach and the resulting nature-inspired multiscale-structured surface offers desired features for improving osseointegration and antibacterial performance toward the development of next-generation orthopedic and dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheer Maher
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Asiri R Wijenayaka
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Adelaide Medical School, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Luis Lima-Marques
- The Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Dongqing Yang
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Adelaide Medical School, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Adelaide Medical School, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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31
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Ghidini G, Mori D, Pulcini S, Vescovi P, Sala R. Photobiomodulation with a 645 nm Diode Laser of Saos-2 Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma: The Potential for a New Mechanism of Action. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2021; 39:86-93. [PMID: 33471588 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The main focus of this in vitro study was to highlight possible differences between outcomes of photobiomodulation performed in the presence or absence of growth factors derived from platelet-rich plasma. Background: Photobiomodulation has garnered increasing attention, thanks to a large number of controlled clinical trials that have proven its efficacy in various oral pathologies. Nevertheless, the mechanism of action is still a matter of debate. Materials and methods: The cell model used was Saos-2ATTC HTB-85, a human osteosarcoma cell line that retains an osteogenic potential matching that of osteoblastic cells. Photobiomodulation was performed with a 645 nm diode laser; we investigated three different fluence values (2, 5, and 10 J/cm2) delivered with 3 different irradiation times (1, 2, and 4 min). The design of the study included a case-control structure. Cell viability was assessed by resazurin reduction assay before laser irradiation. We assessed cell differentiation by Alizarin-red Sigma Aldrich assay 48 h after the last laser irradiation. Results: Results show that the combination of photobiomodulation and platelet-rich plasma can lead to a statistically significant increase in both proliferation and differentiation rates. Conclusions: Only a defined amount of energy, that is, a fluence of 5 J/cm2 delivered in 2 min and of 10 J/cm2 in 4 min, was proven to be the most effective in the presence of platelet-rich plasma to induce cell proliferation and calcium deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ghidini
- Molecular Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery Laser Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Center of Dentistry, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Mori
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Pulcini
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Vescovi
- Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery Laser Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Center of Dentistry, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberto Sala
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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MASSUNARI L, RABELO RL, LEITE ML, SOARES DG, ANOVAZZI G, COSTA CAS, DUQUE C. Dose- and time-dependent effects of taxifolin on viability and mineralization markers of osteoblast-like cells. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e140. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Nanoparticle-directed and ionically forced polyphosphate coacervation: a versatile and reversible core-shell system for drug delivery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17147. [PMID: 33051468 PMCID: PMC7555899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A drug encapsulation/delivery system using a novel principle is described that is based on an intra-particle migration of calcium ions between a central Ca2+-enriched nanoparticle core and the surrounding shell compartment. The supply of Ca2+ is needed for the formation of a coacervate shell around the nanoparticles, acting as the core of drug-loadable core–shell particles, using the physiological inorganic polymer polyphosphate (polyP). This polyanion has the unique property to form, at an alkaline pH and in the presence of a stoichiometric surplus of calcium ions, water-insoluble and stabile amorphous nanoparticles. At neutral pH a coacervate, the biologically active form of the polymer, is obtained that is composed of polyP and Ca2+. The drug-loaded core–shell particles, built from the Ca–polyP core and the surrounding Ca–polyP shell, were fabricated in two successive steps. First, the formation of the nanoparticle core at pH 10 and a superstoichiometric 2:1 molar ratio between CaCl2 and Na–polyP into which dexamethasone, as a phosphate derivative, was incorporated. Second, the preparation of the coacervate shell, loaded with ascorbic acid, by exposure of the Ca–polyP core to soluble Na–polyP and L-ascorbate (calcium salt). EDX analysis revealed that during this step the Ca2+ ions required for coacervate formation migrate from the Ca–polyP core (with a high Ca:P ratio) to the shell. Electron microscopy of the particles show an electron-dense 150–200 nm sized core surrounded by a less sharply delimited electron-sparse shell. The core–shell particles exhibited strong osteogenic activity in vitro, based on the combined action of polyP and of dexamethasone and ascorbic acid, which reversibly bind to the anionic polyP via ionic Ca2+ bonds. Drug release from the particles occurs after contact with a peptide/protein-containing serum, a process which is almost complete after 10 days and accompanied by the conversion of the nanoparticles into a coacervate. Human osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells cultivated onto or within an alginate hydrogel matrix showed increased growth/viability and mineralization when the hybrid particles containing dexamethasone and ascorbic acid were embedded in the matrix. The polyP-based core–shell particles have the potential to become a suitable, pH-responsive drug encapsulation/release system, especially for bone, cartilage and wound healing.
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34
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Isolation of Murine and Human Osteocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32979194 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0989-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteocytes are thought to be the mechanosensors of bone by sensing mechanical loads imposed upon the bone and transmitting these signals to the other bone cells to initiate bone modeling and remodeling. The location of osteocytes deep within bone is ideal for their function. However, this location makes the study of osteocytes in vivo technically difficult. There are several methods for obtaining and culturing primary osteocytes for in vitro experiments and ex vivo observation. In this chapter, several proven methods are discussed including the isolation of avian osteocytes from chicks and osteocytes from calvaria and long bones of young mice. A detailed protocol for the isolation of osteocytes from hypermineralized bone of mature and aged animals is provided. In addition, a modified version of this protocol that can be used to isolate osteocytes from human trabecular bone is described.
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Zakłos-Szyda M, Nowak A, Pietrzyk N, Podsędek A. Viburnum opulus L. Juice Phenolic Compounds Influence Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Osteosarcoma Saos-2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4909. [PMID: 32664580 PMCID: PMC7404185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mass loss occurs with a decrease in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, or the enhancement of bone resorption, which further leads to the impairment of bone mineral density and increase in bone fracture. Recent studies suggest that some phenolic compounds found in food play positive role in bone metabolism. High content of phenolic compounds with potential beneficial effects on bone metabolism have been identified in the Viburnum opulus fruit. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of V. opulus fresh juice (FJ) and juice purified by solid phase extraction (PJ) on osteogenesis processes with osteosarcoma Saos-2 cell lines. V. opulus purified juice revealed stronger potential as an inducer of Saos-2 osteogenic differentiation. Saos-2 cells matrix mineralization was evaluated with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measurement and alizarin red S staining. Gene expression analysis showed the elevation of the mRNA levels of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), ALP, collagen type 1 and osteonectin, whereas the nuclear factor-κB ligand and osteoprotegerin ratio (RANKL/OPG) decreased. Furthermore, V. opulus was able to diminish the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines Il6 and TNFα, however had no effect on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It decreased intracellular oxidative stress and induced DNA repair, but had no effect on the growth inhibition of lactic acid beneficial microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland; (N.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Nina Pietrzyk
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland; (N.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Podsędek
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland; (N.P.); (A.P.)
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36
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Picone G, Cappadone C, Pasini A, Lovecchio J, Cortesi M, Farruggia G, Lombardo M, Gianoncelli A, Mancini L, Ralf H. M, Donato S, Giordano E, Malucelli E, Iotti S. Analysis of Intracellular Magnesium and Mineral Depositions during Osteogenic Commitment of 3D Cultured Saos2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072368. [PMID: 32235449 PMCID: PMC7177893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explore the behaviour of intracellular magnesium during bone phenotype modulation in a 3D cell model built to mimic osteogenesis. In addition, we measured the amount of magnesium in the mineral depositions generated during osteogenic induction. A two-fold increase of intracellular magnesium content was found, both at three and seven days from the induction of differentiation. By X-ray microscopy, we characterized the morphology and chemical composition of the mineral depositions secreted by 3D cultured differentiated cells finding a marked co-localization of Mg with P at seven days of differentiation. This is the first experimental evidence on the presence of Mg in the mineral depositions generated during biomineralization, suggesting that Mg incorporation occurs during the bone forming process. In conclusion, this study on the one hand attests to an evident involvement of Mg in the process of cell differentiation, and, on the other hand, indicates that its multifaceted role needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Picone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 33-40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.P.)
| | - Concettina Cappadone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 33-40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.P.)
| | - Alice Pasini
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna 50, 47522 Cesena, Italy
| | - Joseph Lovecchio
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna 50, 47522 Cesena, Italy
| | - Marilisa Cortesi
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna 50, 47522 Cesena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Farruggia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 33-40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.P.)
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lombardo
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum–Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Mancini
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - Menk Ralf H.
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Italy
- INFN section of Trieste, 2-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Sandro Donato
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Emanuele Giordano
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna 50, 47522 Cesena, Italy
| | - Emil Malucelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 33-40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-209-5414
| | - Stefano Iotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 33-40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.P.)
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
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37
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Control of XPR1-dependent cellular phosphate efflux by InsP 8 is an exemplar for functionally-exclusive inositol pyrophosphate signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3568-3574. [PMID: 32019887 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908830117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis of cellular fluxes of inorganic phosphate (Pi) supervises its structural roles in bones and teeth, its pervasive regulation of cellular metabolism, and its functionalization of numerous organic compounds. Cellular Pi efflux is heavily reliant on Xenotropic and Polytropic Retrovirus Receptor 1 (XPR1), regulation of which is largely unknown. We demonstrate specificity of XPR1 regulation by a comparatively uncharacterized member of the inositol pyrophosphate (PP-InsP) signaling family: 1,5-bis-diphosphoinositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate (InsP8). XPR1-mediated Pi efflux was inhibited by reducing cellular InsP8 synthesis, either genetically (knockout [KO] of diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinases [PPIP5Ks] that synthesize InsP8) or pharmacologically [cell treatment with 2.5 µM dietary flavonoid or 10 µM N2-(m-trifluorobenzyl), N6-(p-nitrobenzyl) purine], to inhibit inositol hexakisphosphate kinases upstream of PPIP5Ks. Attenuated Pi efflux from PPIP5K KO cells was quantitatively phenocopied by KO of XPR1 itself. Moreover, Pi efflux from PPIP5K KO cells was rescued by restoration of InsP8 levels through transfection of wild-type PPIP5K1; transfection of kinase-dead PPIP5K1 was ineffective. Pi efflux was also rescued in a dose-dependent manner by liposomal delivery of a metabolically resistant methylene bisphosphonate (PCP) analog of InsP8; PCP analogs of other PP-InsP signaling molecules were ineffective. High-affinity binding of InsP8 to the XPR1 N-terminus (K d = 180 nM) was demonstrated by isothermal titration calorimetry. To derive a cellular biology perspective, we studied biomineralization in the Soas-2 osteosarcoma cell line. KO of PPIP5Ks or XPR1 strongly reduced Pi efflux and accelerated differentiation to the mineralization end point. We propose that catalytically compromising PPIP5K mutations might extend an epistatic repertoire for XPR1 dysregulation, with pathological consequences for bone maintenance and ectopic calcification.
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38
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Galea GL, Paradise CR, Meakin LB, Camilleri ET, Taipaleenmaki H, Stein GS, Lanyon LE, Price JS, van Wijnen AJ, Dudakovic A. Mechanical strain-mediated reduction in RANKL expression is associated with RUNX2 and BRD2. Gene 2020; 763S:100027. [PMID: 32550554 PMCID: PMC7285908 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical loading-related strains trigger bone formation by osteoblasts while suppressing resorption by osteoclasts, uncoupling the processes of formation and resorption. Osteocytes may orchestrate this process in part by secreting sclerostin (SOST), which inhibits osteoblasts, and expressing receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL/TNFSF11) which recruits osteoclasts. Both SOST and RANKL are targets of the master osteoblastic transcription factor RUNX2. Subjecting human osteoblastic Saos-2 cells to strain by four point bending down-regulates their expression of SOST and RANKL without altering RUNX2 expression. RUNX2 knockdown increases basal SOST expression, but does not alter SOST down-regulation following strain. Conversely, RUNX2 knockdown does not alter basal RANKL expression, but prevents its down-regulation by strain. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed RUNX2 occupies a region of the RANKL promoter containing a consensus RUNX2 binding site and its occupancy of this site decreases following strain. The expression of epigenetic acetyl and methyl writers and readers was quantified by RT-qPCR to investigate potential epigenetic bases for this change. Strain and RUNX2 knockdown both down-regulate expression of the bromodomain acetyl reader BRD2. BRD2 and RUNX2 co-immunoprecipitate, suggesting interaction within regulatory complexes, and BRD2 was confirmed to interact with the RUNX2 promoter. BRD2 also occupies the RANKL promoter and its occupancy was reduced following exposure to strain. Thus, RUNX2 may contribute to bone remodeling by suppressing basal SOST expression, while facilitating the acute strain-induced down-regulation of RANKL through a mechanosensitive epigenetic loop involving BRD2.
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Key Words
- ALP, Alkaline phosphatase
- ActD, Actinomycin D
- AzadC, 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine
- BRD2
- BRD2, Bromodomain-containing protein 2
- CO2, Carbon Dioxide
- ChIP, Chromatin immunoprecipitation
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- Epigenetics
- FACS, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- FCS, Fetal calf serum
- GAPDH, Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
- HDAC, Histone deacetylase
- HPRT, Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase 1
- IU, International unit
- IgG, Immunoglobulin G
- Ki-67, Antigen KI-67
- Mechanical strain
- OPG, Osteoprotegerin/tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B
- PBS, Phosphate-Buffered Saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PGE2, Prostaglandin E2
- RANKL/TNFSF11, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand
- RNA, Ribonucleic Acid
- RT-qPCR, Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- RUNX2
- RUNX2, Runt-related transcription factor 2
- Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand
- SOST, Sclerostin
- Sclerostin
- eGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein
- sh, Short hairpin
- β2MG, Beta-2-Microglobulin
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L Galea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Comparative Bioveterinary Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Christopher R Paradise
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lee B Meakin
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Hanna Taipaleenmaki
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Lance E Lanyon
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Joanna S Price
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Evaluation of Isoflavones as Bone Resorption Inhibitors upon Interactions with Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand (RANKL). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25010206. [PMID: 31947859 PMCID: PMC6982798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) is a cytokine responsible for bone resorption. It binds its receptor RANK, which activates osteoporosis. High levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) competitively binding RANKL limit formation of ligand-receptor complexes and enable bone mass maintenance. The new approach to prevent osteoporosis is searching for therapeutics that can bind RANKL and support OPG function. The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis that isoflavones can form complexes with RANKL limiting binding of the cytokine to its receptor. Interactions of five isoflavones with RANKL were investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), by in silico docking simulation and on Saos-2 cells. Daidzein and biochanin A showed the highest affinity for RANKL. Among studied isoflavones coumestrol, formononetin and biochanin A showed the highest potential for Saos-2 mineralization and were able to regulate the expression of RANKL and OPG at the mRNA levels, as well as osteogenic differentiation markers: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type 1, and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). Comparison of the osteogenic activities of isoflavones showed that the use of physicochemical techniques such as ITC or in silico docking are good tools for the initial selection of substances showing a specific bioactivity.
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40
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Quah Y, Lee EB, Chan JYL, Jang SH, Park SC. Optimal red clover ethanolic extract by relative aggregated metric increases osteoblastic activity and nuclear factor kappa-B ligand gene expression in SaOS-2 cells. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2020.1771435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Quah
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eon-Bee Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jireh Yi-Le Chan
- Department of Finance, Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Perak, Malaysia
- Centre of IoT and Big Data, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Seung-Hee Jang
- Teazen Research Center, Teazen Co., ltd., Anyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Most studies show a positive association between higher tea intake and bone mineral density (BMD), while associations with fracture are inconclusive. Although a few studies have investigated the potential effects of rooibos tea on the bone cell metabolism, only 1 or 2 doses were tested or specific flavonoids were evaluated in isolation. A dose-response study is needed to comprehensively identify whether a level that modulates bone cell activity is associated with dietary or supplemental levels of red rooibos (RR) tea. We investigated if RR tea stimulates mineralization in a dose-dependent manner. Mineralization was induced in Saos-2 cells in the presence of RR tea (0.1–10 µg/mL of polyphenols) or control (dH2O) for 5 days. Cell activity, mRNA, protein expression and activity of key regulators of mineralization were measured. A positive dose-dependent relationship was observed between RR tea concentration and mineralization accompanied with similar trends in cell activity. With high concentrations of tea, protein expression of enzymes directly regulating mineralization (ALP and NPP1) were unchanged but ALP activity was significantly elevated. Osteopontin (OPN) was significantly downregulated midway through mineralization while sclerostin (SOST) was upregulated in response to higher concentrations of RR tea. In conclusion, RR tea stimulated osteoblast mineralization in a dose-dependent manner and were accompanied with downregulation of OPN, increased ALP activity, and increased cell activity.
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42
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Conde-González A, Dutta D, Wallace R, Callanan A, Bradley M. Rapid fabrication and screening of tailored functional 3D biomaterials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 108:110489. [PMID: 31923957 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three dimensional synthetic polymer scaffolds have remarkable chemical and mechanical tunability in addition to biocompatibility. However, the chemical and physical space is vast in view of the number of variables that can be altered e.g. chemical composition, porosity, pore size and mechanical properties to name but a few. Here, we report the development of an array of 3D polymer scaffolds, whereby the physical and chemical properties of the polymer substrates were controlled, characterized in parallel (e.g. micro-CT scanning of 24 samples) and biological properties screened. This approach allowed the screening of 48 different polymer scaffolds constructed in situ by means of freeze-casting and photo-polymerisation with the tunable composition and 3D architecture of the polymer scaffolds facilitating the identification of optimal 3D biomaterials. As a proof of concept, the array approach was used to identify 3D polymers that were capable of supporting cell growth while controlling their behaviour. Sitting alongside classical polymer microarray technology, this novel platform reduces the gap between the identification of a biomaterial in 2D and its subsequent 3D application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepanjalee Dutta
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Robert Wallace
- Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Anthony Callanan
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
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43
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Ter Braake AD, Smit AE, Bos C, van Herwaarden AE, Alkema W, van Essen HW, Bravenboer N, Vervloet MG, Hoenderop JGJ, de Baaij JHF. Magnesium prevents vascular calcification in Klotho deficiency. Kidney Int 2019; 97:487-501. [PMID: 31866113 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Klotho knock-out mice are an important model for vascular calcification, which is associated with chronic kidney disease. In chronic kidney disease, serum magnesium inversely correlates with vascular calcification. Here we determine the effects of serum magnesium on aortic calcification in Klotho knock-out mice treated with a minimal or a high magnesium diet from birth. After eight weeks, serum biochemistry and aorta and bone tissues were studied. Protective effects of magnesium were characterized by RNA-sequencing of the aorta and micro-CT analysis was performed to study bone integrity. A high magnesium diet prevented vascular calcification and aortic gene expression of Runx2 and matrix Gla protein found in such mice on the minimal magnesium diet. Differential expression of inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling genes accompanied the beneficial effects of magnesium on calcification. High dietary magnesium did not affect serum parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or calcium. High magnesium intake prevented vascular calcification despite increased fibroblast growth factor-23 and phosphate concentration in the knock-out mice. Compared to mice on the minimal magnesium diet, the high magnesium diet reduced femoral bone mineral density by 20% and caused excessive osteoid formation indicating osteomalacia. Osteoclast activity was unaffected by the high magnesium diet. In Saos-2 osteoblasts, magnesium supplementation reduced mineralization independent of osteoblast function. Thus, high dietary magnesium prevents calcification in Klotho knock-out mice. These effects are potentially mediated by reduction of inflammatory and extracellular matrix remodeling pathways within the aorta. Hence magnesium treatment may be promising to prevent vascular calcification, but the risk for osteomalacia should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anique D Ter Braake
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna E Smit
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Caro Bos
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius E van Herwaarden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wynand Alkema
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Huib W van Essen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc G Vervloet
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Riesco R, Boyer L, Blosse S, Lefebvre PM, Assemat P, Leichle T, Accardo A, Malaquin L. Water-in-PDMS Emulsion Templating of Highly Interconnected Porous Architectures for 3D Cell Culture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:28631-28640. [PMID: 31334634 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of advanced techniques of fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments for the study of cell growth and proliferation has become one of the major motivations of material scientists and bioengineers in the past decade. Here, we present a novel residueless 3D structuration technique of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) by water-in-PDMS emulsion casting and subsequent curing process in temperature-/pressure-controlled environment. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microcomputed tomography allowed us to investigate the impact of those parameters on the microarchitecture of the porous structure. We demonstrated that the optimized emulsion casting process gives rise to large-scale and highly interconnected network with pore size ranging from 500 μm to 1.5 mm that turned out to be nicely adapted to 3D cell culture. Experimental cell culture validations were performed using SaOS-2 (osteosarcoma) cell lines. Epifluorescence and deep penetration imaging techniques as two-photon confocal microscopy unveiled information about cell morphology and confirmed a homogeneous cell proliferation and spatial distribution in the 3D porous structure within an available volume larger than 1 cm3. These results open alternative scenarios for the fabrication and integration of porous scaffolds for the development of 3D cell culture platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Riesco
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , F-31400 Toulouse , France
- Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-INSA , F-31400 Toulouse , France
| | - Louisa Boyer
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , F-31400 Toulouse , France
| | - Sarah Blosse
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , F-31400 Toulouse , France
- Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-INSA , F-31400 Toulouse , France
| | - Pauline M Lefebvre
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , F-31400 Toulouse , France
- FR FERMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS , F-31400 Toulouse , France
| | - Pauline Assemat
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , F-31400 Toulouse , France
| | - Thierry Leichle
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , F-31400 Toulouse , France
| | - Angelo Accardo
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , F-31400 Toulouse , France
| | - Laurent Malaquin
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , F-31400 Toulouse , France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In perilacunar/canalicular remodeling (PLR), osteocytes dynamically resorb, and then replace, the organic and mineral components of the pericellular extracellular matrix. Given the enormous surface area of the osteocyte lacuna-canalicular network (LCN), PLR is important for maintaining homeostasis of the skeleton. The goal of this review is to examine the motivations and critical considerations for the analysis of PLR, in both in vitro and in vivo systems. RECENT FINDINGS Morphological approaches alone are insufficient to elucidate the complex mechanisms regulating PLR in the healthy skeleton and in disease. Understanding the role and regulation of PLR will require the incorporation of standardized PLR outcomes as a routine part of skeletal phenotyping, as well as the development of improved molecular and cellular outcomes. Current PLR outcomes assess PLR enzyme expression, the LCN, and bone matrix composition and organization, among others. Here, we discuss current PLR outcomes and how they have been applied to study PLR induction and suppression in vitro and in vivo. Given the role of PLR in skeletal health and disease, integrated analysis of PLR has potential to elucidate new mechanisms by which osteocytes participate in skeletal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristal S Yee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Charles A Schurman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Carter R White
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Poirier D, Roy J, Maltais R, Ayan D. Antisulfatase, Osteogenic, and Anticancer Activities of Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitor EO-33 in Mice. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5512-5521. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald Poirier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec—Research Center, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jenny Roy
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec—Research Center, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - René Maltais
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec—Research Center, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Diana Ayan
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec—Research Center, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
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Onat B, Tunçer S, Ulusan S, Banerjee S, Erel-Göktepe I. Biodegradable polymer promotes osteogenic differentiation in immortalized and primary osteoblast-like cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 14:045003. [PMID: 30856612 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab0e92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers have been broadly used as agents that can complex with and deliver osteoinductive agents, but osteoinductivity of the polymers themselves has been rarely studied. Here we report the osteoinductivity of poly(4-hydroxy-L-proline ester) (PHPE), a biodegradable cationic polymer with cell penetrating properties. Under physiological conditions, PHPE degrades into trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (trans-Hyp), a non-coded amino acid with essential functions in collagen fibril formation and fibril stability. Treatment of SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cells and hFOB 1.19 primary osteoblast cells with PHPE promoted earlier collagen nodule formation and mineralization of the extracellular matrix compared to untreated cells, even when mineralization activators were absent in the growth medium. Our results indicate that PHPE is a potential osteoinductive agent in vitro that can favor bone regeneration. Moreover, this osteoinductive property could be partly attributed to the degradation product trans-Hyp, which could recapitulate some, but not all of the osteogenic activity. The primary findings of this study can be summarized as follows: treatment of cells with PHPE led to (1) the induction of COL1A1 expression, collagen synthesis and secretion in osteoblast-like cells, (2) mineralization of the ECM in both SaOS-2 and hFOB 1.19 primary osteoblasts, and (3) induction of BMP2 gene and protein expression in osteoblast-like cells, which can promote mineralization of the ECM and regeneration of the bone tissue. Our results suggest that PHPE is a non-cytotoxic polymer and can be potentially used to overcome collagenopathies such as osteogenesis imperfecta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Onat
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
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Li Y, Ding Y, Munir K, Lin J, Brandt M, Atrens A, Xiao Y, Kanwar JR, Wen C. Novel β-Ti35Zr28Nb alloy scaffolds manufactured using selective laser melting for bone implant applications. Acta Biomater 2019; 87:273-284. [PMID: 30690210 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) based tissue engineering scaffolds can be used to repair damaged bone. However, successful orthopedic applications of these scaffolds rely on their ability to mimic the mechanical properties of trabecular bone. Selective laser melting (SLM) was used to manufacture scaffolds of a new β-Ti35Zr28Nb alloy for biomedical applications. Porosity values of the scaffolds were 83% for the FCCZ structure (face centered cubic unit cell with longitudinal struts) and 50% for the FBCCZ structure (face and body centered cubic unit cell with longitudinal struts). The scaffolds had an elastic modulus of ∼1 GPa and a plateau strength of 8-58 MPa, which fall within the values of trabecular bone (0.2-5 GPa for elastic modulus and 4-70 MPa for compressive strength). The SLM-manufactured β-Ti35Zr28Nb alloy showed good corrosion properties. MTS assay revealed that both the FCCZ and FBCCZ scaffolds had a cell viability similar to the control. SEM observation indicated that the osteoblast-like cells adhered, spread and grew healthily on the surface of both scaffolds after culture for 7, 14 and 28 d, demonstrating good biocompatibility. Overall, the SLM-manufactured Ti35Zr28Nb scaffolds possess promising potential as hard-tissue implant materials due to their appropriate mechanical properties, good corrosion behavior and biocompatibility. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Novel β Ti35Zr28Nb alloy scaffolds with FCCZ and FBCCZ structures were successfully fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) for biomedical applications. The scaffolds showed values of elastic modulus of ∼1 GPa and plateau strength of 8-58 MPa, which fall within the ranges of the mechanical properties of trabecular bone. The SLM-manufactured β Ti35Zr28Nb alloy showed good corrosion properties. Both SLM-manufactured FCCZ and FBCCZ scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility, with osteoblast-like cells attaching, growing, and spreading in a healthy way on their surfaces after culturing for different periods up to 28 d.
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Wang JS, Wang YG, Zhong YS, Li XD, Du SX, Xie P, Zheng GZ, Han JM. Identification of co-expression modules and pathways correlated with osteosarcoma and its metastasis. World J Surg Oncol 2019; 17:46. [PMID: 30849987 PMCID: PMC6408756 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor that occurs in children. METHODS To identify co-expression modules and pathways correlated with osteosarcoma and its clinical characteristics, we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) on RNA-seq data of osteosarcoma with 52 samples. Then we performed pathway enrichment analysis on genes from significant modules. RESULTS A total of 5471 genes were included in WGCNA, and 16 modules were identified. Module-trait analysis identified that a module involved in microtubule bundle formation, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, and IL-17 signaling pathway was negatively correlated with osteosarcoma and positively correlated with metastasis; a module involved in DNA replication was positively correlated with osteosarcoma; a module involved in cell junction was positively correlated with metastasis; and a module involved in heparin binding negatively correlated with osteosarcoma. Moreover, expression levels in four of the top ten differentially expressed genes were validated in another independent dataset. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis might provide insight for molecular mechanisms of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-sheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Ward II, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Yun-guo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211 China
| | - Yong-sheng Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Xue-dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Shi-xin Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Gui-zhou Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Jing-ming Han
- Department of Orthopedics Ward II, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000 China
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