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Zheng J, He J, Li H. FAM19A5 in vascular aging and osteoporosis: Mechanisms and the "calcification paradox". Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102361. [PMID: 38821416 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Aging induces a progressive decline in the vasculature's structure and function. Vascular aging is a determinant factor for vascular ailments in the elderly. FAM19A5, a recently identified adipokine, has demonstrated involvement in multiple vascular aging-related pathologies, including atherosclerosis, cardio-cerebral vascular diseases and cognitive deficits. This review summarizes the current understanding of FAM19A5' role and explores its putative regulatory mechanisms in various aging-related disorders, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and malignancies. Importantly, we provide novel insights into the underlying therapeutic value of FAM19A5 in osteoporosis. Finally, we outline future perspectives on the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of FAM19A5 in vascular aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieyu He
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huahua Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Rusu ME, Bigman G, Ryan AS, Popa DS. Investigating the Effects and Mechanisms of Combined Vitamin D and K Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women: An Up-to-Date Comprehensive Review of Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2024; 16:2356. [PMID: 39064799 PMCID: PMC11279569 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process and a significant risk factor for chronic diseases. Menopause, a component of aging in women, is associated with several important cardiometabolic conditions including metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Menopausal women could benefit from preventative strategies that may decrease morbidity and mortality and improve their quality of life. Vitamins D and K are essential nutrients required for bone health, immune function, and reducing cardiovascular risks, yet their synergistic effect is less understood in aging women. This is the first comprehensive review to summarize the evidence found in randomized clinical trials of the beneficial effects of vitamin D and K co-treatment in postmenopausal women. In our literature search across key electronic databases such as Cochrane, PubMed, and Ovid, we identified 31 pertinent studies. Overall, significant findings indicate that the combined intake of vitamins D and K may positively affect cardiovascular and bone health in postmenopausal women, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a healthy diet rich in vegetables and fermented dairy products. Given the challenges in obtaining all necessary nutrients solely through the diet, vitamin D and K supplements are recommended for postmenopausal women to promote healthy aging and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Emil Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Galya Bigman
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alice S. Ryan
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Niu X, Wang C, Li H, Chen W. Role of OPG/RANKL/RANK/TLR4 signaling pathway in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury. BMC Nephrol 2024; 25:205. [PMID: 38910256 PMCID: PMC11194911 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-024-03648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) has high mortality rates. The osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK)/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway and its potential role in SA-AKI pathogenesis remain to be fully understood. Herein, we addressed this issue using mouse models. METHODS An SA-AKI mouse model was established using the cecal ligation and puncture method (CLP). Mice were grouped into sham, CLP model, CLP + recombinant RANKL, and CLP + anti-RANKL groups. Serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were measured to assess kidney function. ELISA was used to detect serum IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of OPG, RANKL, RANK, and TLR4 in kidney tissues. HE staining was performed to evaluate the pathological changes. RESULTS The CLP model group showed higher levels of Scr and BUN, indicating impaired kidney function in SA-AKI, compared to the sham group. Treatment with recombinant RANKL in the CLP + recombinant RANKL group reduced Scr and BUN levels, while anti-RANKL treatment in the CLP + anti-RANKL group elevated their levels. Moreover, the CLP model group had significantly increased IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 than the sham group, indicating elevated inflammation in SA-AKI. The CLP + recombinant RANKL group demonstrated decreased cytokine levels, whereas the CLP + anti-RANKL group showed an increase. Additionally, the histopathological evaluation revealed distinct kidney tissue damage in the CLP model group. Recombinant RANKL treatment reduced this damage, while anti-RANKL treatment exacerbated it. Mechanically, the mRNA and protein expression of RANKL were significantly decreased, while those of OPG, RANK, and TLR4 were significantly increased in the CLP model group and the CLP + anti-RANKL group. Interestingly, treatment with recombinant RANKL reversed these changes, as evidenced by significantly increased RANKL but decreased OPG, RANK, and TLR4. CONCLUSION The OPG/RANKL/RANK/TLR4 pathway is involved in SA-AKI pathogenesis. Recombinant RANKL treatment attenuates the inflammatory response and kidney tissue damage in SA-AKI, possibly via regulating this pathway. This pathway shows promise as a therapeutic target for SA-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Niu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, P.R. China.
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, P.R. China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, P.R. China
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Cendon Duran CDS, de Falco Caparbo V, Santiago MB, Hounkpe BW, Pedreira ALS, de Souza Lima IV, Giardini HAM, Bonoldi VLN, Domiciano DS, Shinjo SK, Pereira RMR. Serum osteoprotegerin and its gene polymorphisms in patients with Takayasu's arteritis: a bicentric cross-sectional study. Adv Rheumatol 2024; 64:43. [PMID: 38807174 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-024-00384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) patients are at an elevated risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Currently, there are no well-validated biomarkers to assess this risk in this population. Previous research in different cohorts has linked serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its polymorphisms to accelerated atherosclerosis and a marker of poor prognosis in CVD. Thus, we assessed this protein as a potential biomarker of CVD in TAK patients. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the serum levels of OPG and its SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in TAK patients and healthy controls, and to associate these parameters with clinical data. METHODS This bicentric cross-sectional study included TAK patients who were compared with healthy individuals (control group). The serum levels of OPG and the frequency of OPG SNPs [1181G > C (rs2073618), 245 A > C (rs3134069), 163T > C (rs3102735), and 209 C > T (rs3134070)] were compared between the both groups and associated with clinical data. RESULTS In total, 101 TAK patients and 93 controls were included in the study. The serum levels of OPG (3.8 ± 1.9 vs. 4.3 ± 1.8pmol/L, respectively; P = 0.059), and its four polymorphisms were comparable between both groups. In an additional analysis of only TAK patients, serum OPG levels and its four genes were not associated with any CVD parameters, except for higher OPG levels among patients without dyslipidemia. CONCLUSION No significant differences were observed in serum OPG levels or in the genotype frequencies of OPG SNPs between the patient and control groups. Similarly, no correlation was found between laboratory parameters and clinical data on CVD risk in TAK patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valéria de Falco Caparbo
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mittermayer Barreto Santiago
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Luisa Souza Pedreira
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Isabella Vargas de Souza Lima
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Diogo Souza Domiciano
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rosa Maria R Pereira
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Vachey C, Candellier A, Toutain S, Mac-Way F. The Bone-Vascular Axis in Chronic Kidney Disease: From Pathophysiology to Treatment. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:69-79. [PMID: 38195897 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to describe the pathogenic factors involved in bone-vessel anomalies in CKD which are the object of numerous experimental and clinical research. RECENT FINDINGS Knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the regulation of vascular calcification and mineral-bone disorders is evolving. Specific bone turnover anomalies influence the vascular health while recent studies demonstrate that factors released by the calcified vessels also contribute to bone deterioration in CKD. Current therapies used to control mineral dysregulations will impact both the vessels and bone metabolism. Available anti-osteoporotic treatments used in non-CKD population may negatively or positively affect vascular health in the context of CKD. It is essential to study the bone effects of the new therapeutic options that are currently under investigation to reduce vascular calcification. Our paper highlights the complexity of the bone-vascular axis and discusses how current therapies may affect both organs in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Vachey
- CHU de Québec Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Faculty and Department of Medicine, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec City, Quebec, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Alexandre Candellier
- CHU de Québec Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Faculty and Department of Medicine, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec City, Quebec, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Soline Toutain
- CHU de Québec Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Faculty and Department of Medicine, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec City, Quebec, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Fabrice Mac-Way
- CHU de Québec Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Faculty and Department of Medicine, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec City, Quebec, G1R 2J6, Canada.
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Elshamy AM, Hafez YM, Safa MAE, Ibrahim HA, Khalfallah M, Rizk FH, Eltabaa EF, Ghafar MTA, Atef MM. The role of miR-433-3p in vascular calcification in type 2 diabetic patients: targeting WNT/β-Catenin and RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathways. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9073-9083. [PMID: 37728820 PMCID: PMC10635945 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification (VC) is a major predictor of cardiovascular diseases that represent the principal cause of mortality among type-2 diabetic patients. Accumulating data suggest the vital role of some microRNAs on vascular calcification as an epigenetic regulator. Thus, we assessed herein, the role of serum miR-433-3p in vascular calcification in type-2 diabetic patients. METHODS Twenty healthy subjects (control group) and forty diabetic patients (20 without VC and 20 with VC) were involved in the study. miR-433-3p gene expression was measured. Runx2, Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), β-catenin, Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels in serum were assessed by ELISA technique. RESULTS Diabetes patients had significantly lower levels of miR-433-3p expression in comparison to the control group, with the lowest levels being found in diabetic patients with VC. Furthermore, Runx2, β-catenin, and RANKL levels were significantly increased with concomitant lower DKK1 and OPG levels detected in the two diabetic groups especially those with VC. CONCLUSION Collectively, the study documented that down-regulation of miR-433-3p may contribute to the development of VC through activating WNT/β-Catenin and RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M Elshamy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El Geesh Street, Tanta, 31511, Egypt.
| | - Yasser Mostafa Hafez
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A E Safa
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Ibrahim
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El Geesh Street, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Khalfallah
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Fatma H Rizk
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eman F Eltabaa
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa Mohamed Atef
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El Geesh Street, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
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Yang S, Zeng Z, Yuan Q, Chen Q, Wang Z, Xie H, Liu J. Vascular calcification: from the perspective of crosstalk. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:35. [PMID: 37851172 PMCID: PMC10584806 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is highly correlated with cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality, but anti-VC treatment remains an area to be tackled due to the ill-defined molecular mechanisms. Regardless of the type of VC, it does not depend on a single cell but involves multi-cells/organs to form a complex cellular communication network through the vascular microenvironment to participate in the occurrence and development of VC. Therefore, focusing only on the direct effect of pathological factors on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) tends to overlook the combined effect of other cells and VSMCs, including VSMCs-VSMCs, ECs-VMSCs, Macrophages-VSMCs, etc. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a collective term for tiny vesicles with a membrane structure that are actively secreted by cells, and almost all cells secrete EVs. EVs docked on the surface of receptor cells can directly mediate signal transduction or transfer their contents into the cell to elicit a functional response from the receptor cells. They have been proven to participate in the VC process and have also shown attractive therapeutic prospects. Based on the advantages of EVs and the ability to be detected in body fluids, they may become a novel therapeutic agent, drug delivery vehicle, diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, and potential therapeutic target in the future. This review focuses on the new insight into VC molecular mechanisms from the perspective of crosstalk, summarizes how multi-cells/organs interactions communicate via EVs to regulate VC and the emerging potential of EVs as therapeutic methods in VC. We also summarize preclinical experiments on crosstalk-based and the current state of clinical studies on VC-related measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaolin Zeng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Jianghua Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Stančáková Yaluri A, Tkáč I, Tokarčíková K, Kozelová Z, Rašiová M, Javorský M, Kozárová M. Decreased 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Level Is Associated with All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at High Cardiovascular Risk. Metabolites 2023; 13:887. [PMID: 37623831 PMCID: PMC10456820 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, particularly in individuals with type 2 diabetes. There is a need for new biomarkers to improve the prediction of cardiovascular events and overall mortality. We investigated the association of selected atherosclerosis related biomarkers, specifically osteoprotegerin (OPG), 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D), C-reactive protein (CRP), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), with the occurrence of any cardiovascular event or all-cause mortality (primary outcome) during a 5.6-year follow-up of 190 patients with type 2 diabetes. Data were analyzed using logistic regression to adjust for baseline cardiovascular status and cardiovascular risk factors. The primary outcome occurred in 89 participants (46.8%) during the study. When analyzed individually, 25(OH)D, CRP, and LBP significantly predicted the primary outcome in multivariable models. However, in a model that included all biomarkers, only a decreased level of 25(OH)D remained a significant predictor of the primary outcome. Moreover, the level of 25(OH)D significantly predicted all-cause mortality: a reduction of 10 ng/mL was associated with a two-fold increase in all-cause mortality. Our study thus demonstrates that vitamin D deficiency was the strongest factor associated with the primary outcome and all-cause mortality after a 5.6-year follow-up in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Stančáková Yaluri
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, 04190 Košice, Slovakia; (A.S.Y.); (K.T.); (Z.K.); (M.J.)
| | - Ivan Tkáč
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, 04190 Košice, Slovakia; (A.S.Y.); (K.T.); (Z.K.); (M.J.)
| | - Katarína Tokarčíková
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, 04190 Košice, Slovakia; (A.S.Y.); (K.T.); (Z.K.); (M.J.)
| | - Zuzana Kozelová
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, 04190 Košice, Slovakia; (A.S.Y.); (K.T.); (Z.K.); (M.J.)
| | - Mária Rašiová
- Department of Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University and East Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, 04011 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Martin Javorský
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, 04190 Košice, Slovakia; (A.S.Y.); (K.T.); (Z.K.); (M.J.)
| | - Miriam Kozárová
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, 04190 Košice, Slovakia; (A.S.Y.); (K.T.); (Z.K.); (M.J.)
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Hu Y, Xiong Y, Zha K, Tao R, Chen L, Xue H, Yan C, Lin Z, Endo Y, Cao F, Zhou W, Liu G. Melatonin Promotes BMSCs Osteoblastic Differentiation and Relieves Inflammation by Suppressing the NF- κB Pathways. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:7638842. [PMID: 37274021 PMCID: PMC10232925 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7638842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) play an important role in maintaining the dynamic balance of bone metabolism. Recent studies have reported that a decrease in the osteogenic function of MSCs is strongly associated with osteoporosis. Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone produced in the pineal gland and is essential in the physiological regulation. This study is aimed at exploring the effect of melatonin on MSCs osteoblastic differentiation and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We isolated BMSCs from rat bone marrow and demonstrated that melatonin improved osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by the alizarin red staining and ALP staining. We then showed that melatonin enhanced osteogenic gene expression in BMSCs, including ALP, Col 1, OCN, OPN, and RUNX2. We further revealed that melatonin inhibited the inflammatory response of BMSCs by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathways. In light of this, we found that the NF-κB pathway-specific activator TNF-α activated the NF-κB pathway, inhibited osteogenic differentiation, and induced inflammatory response in BMSCs. Melatonin was found to reverse the inhibitory effect of TNF-α on osteogenic differentiation and inflammation in BMSCs. Taken together, these findings indicated that melatonin may have therapeutic potential to be used for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kangkang Zha
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Rangyang Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hang Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chenchen Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ze Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yori Endo
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02152, USA
| | - Faqi Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
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Monir D, Osama A, Saad AE, Negm M, Abd El-Razek R. Role of osteoprotegerin rs3102735 gene polymorphism in acute ischemic stroke patients. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2023; 59:49. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-023-00652-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Ischemic stroke ranks third among leading causes of death and disability. Both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells generate osteoprotegerin (OPG). Ischemic stroke and its severity may be enhanced by the OPG rs3102735 gene polymorphism. Our research aims to investigate OPG rs3102735 gene polymorphism role in ischemic stroke risk and to assess its association with stroke severity at presentation and degree of vascular stenosis and evaluate its potential as a predictor of stroke severity. Fifty people with acute ischemic stroke as well as fifty controls were studied. The NIHSS and ASPECTS were utilized to evaluate stroke severity and the infarction size, respectively. All subjects underwent extracranial carotid duplex study and molecular assessment for genotyping of OPG rs3102735) gene polymorphism.
Results
Stroke patients had markedly higher concentrations of OPG in the plasma than controls (311.60 ± 109.48 versus 240.20 ± 75.96 mmol/ml, p = 0.001). The optimal plasma OPG cutoff value for the predicting the occurrence of stroke was determined to be > 250 mmol/ml, the 95% confidence interval (CI) was (0.625–0.843), sensitivity was 68% and specificity was 72%. Ischemic stroke had a significantly different genotype distribution for the OPG rs3102735 gene polymorphism than did controls (36 CC, 13 CT, and 1 TT) versus (28 CC, 15 CT, and 7 TT) respectively. Stroke patients had a significantly greater CC + CT genotype than controls did (P = 0.041), also they had a higher propensity for carrying the C allele than the T allele (P = 0.017). Carotid intima medium thickness and the NIHSS both had positive correlations with OPG serum level (r = 0.39, p = 0.02 and r = 0.4, p = 0.02, respectively), whereas ASPECTS had an inversed correlation (r = − 0.65, p = 0.001).
Conclusions
The current study shows that as an independent risk factor, increased plasma OPG level, may participate in the atherothrombotic ischemic stroke pathophysiology, in addition, genetic variants in the OPG gene (rs3102735) are a separate risk factor for large artery atherosclerosis and plasma OPG level can serve as a biomarker to determine the severity of a stroke.
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Chang GRL, Cheng WY, Fan HC, Chen HL, Lan YW, Chen MS, Yen CC, Chen CM. Kefir peptides attenuate atherosclerotic vascular calcification and osteoporosis in atherogenic diet-fed ApoE−/− knockout mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1158812. [PMID: 37091976 PMCID: PMC10117689 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1158812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Vascular calcification (VC) and osteoporosis were previously considered two distinct diseases. However, current understanding indicates that they share common pathogenetic mechanisms. The available medicines for treating VC and osteoporosis are limited. We previously demonstrated that kefir peptides (KPs) alleviated atherosclerosis in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) mice. The present study further addressed the preventive effects of KPs on VC and osteoporosis in ApoE−/− mice fed a high-cholesterol atherogenic diet (AD).Main methods: Seven-week-old ApoE−/− and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6). The development of VC and osteoporosis was evaluated after AD feeding for 13 weeks in KP-treated ApoE−/− mice and compared to C57BL/6 and ApoE−/− mice fed a standard chow diet (CD).Key findings: The results indicated that KP-treated ApoE−/− mice exhibited lower serum total cholesterol, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) activities, which suggested that KPs prevented hyperlipidemia and possible damages to the liver and muscle in ApoE−/− mice. KPs reduced serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the local expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and macrophage-specific CD68 markers in aortic tissues, which suggested that KPs inhibited inflammatory responses in AD-fed ApoE−/− mice. KPs reduced the deposition of lipid, collagen, and calcium minerals in the aortic roots of AD-fed ApoE−/− mice, which suggested that KPs inhibited the calcific progression of atherosclerotic plaques. KPs exerted osteoprotective effects in AD-fed ApoE−/− mice, which was evidenced by lower levels of the bone resorption marker CTX-1 and higher levels of the bone formation marker P1NP. KPs improved cortical bone mineral density and bone volume and reduced trabecular bone loss in femurs.Significance: The present data suggested that KPs attenuated VC and osteoporosis by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in AD-fed ApoE−/− mice. Our findings contribute to the application of KPs as preventive medicines for the treatment of hyperlipidemia-induced vascular and bone degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Ro-Lin Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhwa, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wei Lan
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ming-Shan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Yen
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, and College of Healthcare, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chih-Ching Yen, ; Chuan-Mu Chen,
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chih-Ching Yen, ; Chuan-Mu Chen,
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Zhong YX, Zhou CC, Zheng YF, Dai HK, Chen RY, Wang YR, Zhan CY, Luo JL, Xie AN. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-induced Endothelial Dysfunction Promotes Neointima Formation after Arteriovenous Grafts in Mice on High-fat Diet. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:115-122. [PMID: 36640244 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial dysfunction is one candidate for triggering neointima formation after arteriovenous grafts (AVGs), but the factors mediating this process are unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced endothelial dysfunction in neointima formation following AVGs in high-fat diet (HFD) mice. METHODS CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP) knockout (KO) mice were created. Mice were fed with HFD to produce HFD model. AVGs model were applied in the groups of WT ND, WT HFD, and CHOP KO HFD. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured with oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) (40 mg/L) for the indicated time lengths (0, 6, 12, 24 h). ERS inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) was used to block ERS. Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the changes of ICAM1. Changes of ERS were detected by real-time RT-PCR. Protein expression levels and ERS activation were detected by Western blotting. Endothellial cell function was determined by endothelial permeability assay and transendothelial migration assay. RESULTS HFD increased neointima formation in AVGs associated with endothelial dysfunction. At the same time, ERS was increased in endothelial cells (ECs) after AVGs in mice consuming the HFD. In vitro, ox-LDL was found to stimulate ERS, increase the permeability of the EC monolayer, and cause endothelial dysfunction. Blocking ERS with TUDCA or CHOP siRNA reversed the EC dysfunction caused by ox-LDL. In vivo, knockout of CHOP (CHOP KO) protected the function of ECs and decreased neointima formation after AVGs in HFD mice. CONCLUSION Inhibiting ERS in ECs could improve the function of AVGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Zhong
- Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chen-Chen Zhou
- Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ying-Fang Zheng
- Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hong-Kai Dai
- Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ren-Yu Chen
- Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu-Rou Wang
- Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Cheng-Ye Zhan
- Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jin-Long Luo
- Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ai-Ni Xie
- Divison of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Mohamad HE, Asker ME, Shaheen MA, Baraka NM, Fantoukh OI, Alqahtani A, Salama AE, Mahmoud YK. Secukinumab and Black Garlic Downregulate OPG/RANK/RANKL Axis and Devitalize Myocardial Interstitial Fibrosis Induced by Sunitinib in Experimental Rats. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020308. [PMID: 36836664 PMCID: PMC9962443 DOI: 10.3390/life13020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunitinib has been associated with several cardiotoxic effects such as cardiac fibrosis. The present study was designed to explore the role of interleukin (IL)-17 in sunitinib-induced myocardial fibrosis (MF) in rats and whether its neutralization and/or administration of black garlic (BG), a form of fermented raw garlic (Allium sativum L.), could extenuate this adverse effect. Male Wistar albino rats received sunitinib (25 mg/kg three times a week, orally) and were co-treated with secukinumab (3 mg/kg, subcutaneously, three times total) and/or BG (300 mg/kg/day, orally) for four weeks. Administration of sunitinib induced significant increase in cardiac index, cardiac inflammatory markers, and cardiac dysfunction that were ameliorated by both secukinumab and BG, and to a preferable extent, with the combined treatment. Histological examination revealed disruption in the myocardial architecture and interstitial fibrosis in cardiac sections of the sunitinib group, which were reversed by both secukinumab and BG treatments. Both drugs and their co-administration restored normal cardiac functions, downregulated cardiac inflammatory cytokines, mainly IL-17 and NF-κB, along with increasing the MMP1/TIMP1 ratio. Additionally, they attenuated sunitinib-induced upregulation of the OPG/RANK/RANKL axis. These findings highlight another new mechanism through which sunitinib can induce interstitial MF. The current results propose that neutralizing IL-17 by secukinumab and/or supplementation with BG can be a promising therapeutic approach for ameliorating sunitinib-induced MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E. Mohamad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-10-2799-4483
| | - Mervat E. Asker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Shaheen
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M. Baraka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Omer I. Fantoukh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa E. Salama
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Yasmin K. Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Golüke NM, Schoffelmeer MA, De Jonghe A, Emmelot-Vonk MH, De Jong PA, Koek HL. Serum biomarkers for arterial calcification in humans: A systematic review. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101599. [PMID: 35769144 PMCID: PMC9234354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To clarify the role of mediators of ectopic mineralization as biomarkers for arterial calcifications. Methods MEDLINE and Embase were searched for relevant literature, until January 4th 2022. The investigated biomarkers were: calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, pyrophosphate, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), Klotho, osteopontin, osteocalcin, Matrix Gla protein (MGP) and its inactive forms and vitamin K. Studies solely performed in patients with kidney insufficiency or diabetes mellitus were excluded. Results After screening of 8985 articles, a total of 129 articles were included in this systematic review. For all biomarkers included in this review, the results were variable and more than half of the studies for each specific biomarker had a non-significant result. Also, the overall quality of the included studies was low, partly as a result of the mostly cross-sectional study designs. The largest body of evidence is available for phosphate, osteopontin and FGF-23, as a little over half of the studies showed a significant, positive association. Firm statements for these biomarkers cannot be drawn, as the number of studies was limited and hampered by residual confounding or had non-significant results. The associations of the other mediators of ectopic mineralization with arterial calcifications were not clear. Conclusion Associations between biomarkers of ectopic mineralization and arterial calcification are variable in the published literature. Future longitudinal studies differentiating medial and intimal calcification could add to the knowledge of biomarkers and mechanisms of arterial calcifications. We researched the association between biomarkers and arterial calcifications. This review focused on biomarkers of bone metabolism and Matrix Gla protein. Associations between biomarkers and arterial calcification are variable. Future studies should differentiate between medial and intimal calcifications.
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Key Words
- 1,25(OH)2D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
- 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D
- Arterial calcification
- Biomarkers
- CAC, coronary artery calcification
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- FGF-23, fibroblast growth factor-23
- GACI, generalized arterial calcification of infancy
- MGP, matrix Gla protein
- MK, menaquinone
- OPG, osteoprotegerin
- PIVKA-2, protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-2
- PK, phylloquinone
- PTH, parathyroid hormone
- PXE, pseudoxanthoma elasticum
- RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand
- Review
- dp-cMGP, carboxylated but dephosphorylated MGP
- dp-ucMGP, uncarboxylated an dephosphorylated MGP
- uc-MGP, uncarboxylated MGP
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke M.S. Golüke
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Geriatrics, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Tergooi Hospitals, Department of Geriatrics, Rijksstraatweg 1, 1261 AN Blaricum, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author at: Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Marit A. Schoffelmeer
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Geriatrics, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarieke De Jonghe
- Tergooi Hospitals, Department of Geriatrics, Rijksstraatweg 1, 1261 AN Blaricum, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle H. Emmelot-Vonk
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Geriatrics, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pim A. De Jong
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Radiology, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Huiberdina L. Koek
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Geriatrics, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235727. [PMID: 36497209 PMCID: PMC9738274 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a common complication of many types of advanced cancer, including breast cancer. Bone metastasis may cause severe pain, fractures, and hypercalcemia, rendering clinical management challenging and substantially reducing the quality of life and overall survival (OS) time of breast cancer patients. Studies have revealed that bone metastasis is related to interactions between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment, and involves complex molecular biological mechanisms, including colonization, osteolytic destruction, and an immunosuppressive bone microenvironment. Agents inhibiting bone metastasis (such as bisphosphate and denosumab) alleviate bone destruction and improve the quality of life of breast cancer patients with bone metastasis. However, the prognosis of these patients remains poor, and the specific biological mechanism of bone metastasis is incompletely understood. Additional basic and clinical studies are urgently needed, to further explore the mechanism of bone metastasis and develop new therapeutic drugs. This review presents a summary of the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of bone metastasis of breast cancer, aiming to improve the quality of life and prognosis of breast cancer patients and provide a reference for future research directions.
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Dzgoeva FU, Remizov OV, Botcieva VK, Goloeva VG, Malakhova NG, Ikoeva ZR. Clinical significance of serum levels of osteoproteherin and sclerostin in assessment of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease stage 3–5. TERAPEVT ARKH 2022; 94:731-737. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.06.201562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To clarify the mechanisms of the effect of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and sclerostin on vascular calcification and the state of the cardiovascular system in chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Materials and methods. A total of 110 patients aged 18 to 65 years with CKD stages 35D were examined. OPG, sclerostin, intact parathyroid hormone, and serum troponin I were determined using the commercial "Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay Kit for Sclerostin" from Cloude-Clone Corp. (USA) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results. An increase in sclerostin and OPG levels was revealed, which significantly correlated with a decrease in glomerular filtration rate, as well as an increase in left ventricle myocardial mass index and peak systolic blood flow in the aortic arch.
Conclusion. Changes in the regulation of bone-mineral metabolism, in which the proteins inhibitors of bone metabolism, OPG and sclerostin, as well as the interactive interaction between the vascular and skeletal systems, play a decisive role in the development of lesions of the cardiovascular system caused by vascular calcification in CKD.
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Mandel A, Schwarting A, Cavagna L, Triantafyllias K. Novel Surrogate Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in the Setting of Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: Current Data and Implications for the Future. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:820263. [PMID: 35847825 PMCID: PMC9279857 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.820263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from rheumatologic diseases are known to have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the pathological mechanisms behind this excess risk have been increasingly better understood, there still seems to be a general lack of consensus in early detection and treatment of endothelial dysfunction and CVD risk in patients suffering from rheumatologic diseases and in particular in those who haven't yet shown symptoms of CVD. Traditional CVD prediction scores, such as Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), Framingham, or PROCAM Score have been proposed as valid assessment tools of CVD risk in the general population. However, these risk calculators developed for the general population do not factor in the effect of the inflammatory burden, as well as other factors that can increase CVD risk in patients with rheumatic diseases, such as glucocorticoid therapy, abnormal lipoprotein function, endothelial dysfunction or accelerated atherosclerosis. Thus, their sole use could lead to underestimation of CVD risk in patients with rheumatic diseases. Therefore, there is a need for new biomarkers which will allow a valid and early assessment of CVD risk. In recent years, different research groups, including ours, have examined the value of different CVD risk factors such as carotid sonography, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, flow-mediated arterial dilation and others in the assessment of CVD risk. Moreover, various novel CVD laboratory markers have been examined in the setting of autoimmune diseases, such as Paraoxonase activity, Endocan and Osteoprotegerin. Dyslipidemia in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is for instance better quantified by lipoproteins and apolipoproteins than by cholesterol levels; screening as well as pre-emptive carotid sonography hold promise to identify patients earlier, when prophylaxis is more likely to be effective. The early detection of subtle changes indicating CVD in asymptomatic patients has been facilitated through improved imaging methods; the inclusion of artificial intelligence (AI) shows promising results in more recent studies. Even though the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases has been examined in multiple studies, as we continuously gain an increased understanding of this comorbidity, particularly in subclinical cases we still seem to fail in the stratification of who really is at risk—and who is not. A the time being, a multipronged and personalized approach of screening patients for traditional CVD risk factors, integrating modern imaging and further CV diagnostic tools and optimizing treatment seems to be a solid approach. There is promising research on novel biomarkers, likewise, methods using artificial intelligence in imaging provide encouraging data indicating possibilities of risk stratification that might become gold standard in the near future. The present review concentrates on showcasing the newest findings concerning CVD risk in patients with rheumatologic diseases and aims to evaluate screening methods in order to optimize CVD risk evaluation and thus avoiding underdiagnosis and undertreatment, as well as highlighting which patient groups are most at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mandel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Schwarting
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology, Rheumatology Center RL-P, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Cavagna
- Division of Rheumatology, University and IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Triantafyllias
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology, Rheumatology Center RL-P, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
- *Correspondence: Konstantinos Triantafyllias
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Jiao M, Zhang P, Yu X, Sun P, Liu M, Qiao Y, Pan K. Osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand are involved in periodontitis‑promoted vascular calcification. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:512. [PMID: 35813311 PMCID: PMC9260016 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explored the potential role of osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in promoting vascular calcification by periodontitis. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups to establish animal models as follows: the sham group (group C), vascular calcification group (group VDN), periodontitis group (group CP), and test group (group CP+VDN). After eight weeks, all the rats were sacrificed. The periodontal and vascular calcification indices were detected. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to quantify OPG/RANK/RANKL expression in vascular tissue and serum. Protein expression analyses revealed the expression of OPG and RANKL in the vascular tissues of the four groups. The expression of OPG in group C was the highest, which was similar to group CP+VDN, and the expression of OPG in groups CP and VDN were lower. However, the expression of RANKL was inversely correlated with OPG, and the ratio of RANKL/OPG was also higher in groups CP and VDN than that in groups C and CP+VDN. In conclusion, OPG/RANK/RANKL may play an essential role in the promotion of vascular calcification by periodontitis. However, the expression levels of OPG and RANKL were not simply superimposed when periodontitis and vascular calcification co-existed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Jiao
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Pengmei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xinbo Yu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Pei Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Meiwei Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yanya Qiao
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Keqing Pan
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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Osteoprotegerin Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Subclinical Atherosclerosis in the Mexican Mestizo Population. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061433. [PMID: 35741244 PMCID: PMC9221599 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) is the presence of coronary calcification in the absence of cardiovascular symptoms, and it usually progresses to atherosclerotic disease. Studies have shown an association of osteoprotegerin gene (OPG) variants with calcification process in cardiovascular diseases; however, to this day there are no studies that evaluate individuals in the asymptomatic stage of atherosclerotic disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the association of four genetic variants and haplotypes of the OPG gene with the development of SA, through TaqMan genotyping assays. We also aimed to identify potential response elements for transcription factors in these genetic variants. The study included 1413 asymptomatic participants (1041 were controls and 372 were individuals with SA). The rs3102735 polymorphism appeared as a protective marker (OR = 0.693; 95% CI = 0.493−0.974; pheterozygote = 0.035; OR = 0.699; 95% CI = 0.496−0.985; pcodominant 1 = 0.040) and two haplotypes were associated with SA, one as a decreased risk: GACC (OR = 0.641, 95% CI = 0.414−0.990, p = 0.045) and another as an increased risk: GACT (OR = 1.208, 95% CI = 1.020−1.431, p = 0.029). Our data suggest a lower risk of SA in rs3102735 C carriers in a representative sample of Mexican mestizo population.
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Nieraad H, de Bruin N, Arne O, Hofmann MCJ, Pannwitz N, Resch E, Luckhardt S, Schneider AK, Trautmann S, Schreiber Y, Gurke R, Parnham MJ, Till U, Geisslinger G. The Roles of Long-Term Hyperhomocysteinemia and Micronutrient Supplementation in the AppNL–G–F Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:876826. [PMID: 35572151 PMCID: PMC9094364 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.876826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A causal contribution of hyperhomocysteinemia to cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as well as potential prevention or mitigation of the pathology by dietary intervention, have frequently been subjects of controversy. In the present in vivo study, we attempted to further elucidate the impact of elevated homocysteine (HCys) and homocysteic acid (HCA) levels, induced by dietary B-vitamin deficiency, and micronutrient supplementation on AD-like pathology, which was simulated using the amyloid-based AppNL–G–F knock-in mouse model. For this purpose, cognitive assessment was complemented by analyses of ex vivo parameters in whole blood, serum, CSF, and brain tissues from the mice. Furthermore, neurotoxicity of HCys and HCA was assessed in a separate in vitro assay. In confirmation of our previous study, older AppNL–G–F mice also exhibited subtle phenotypic impairment and extensive cerebral amyloidosis, whereas dietary manipulations did not result in significant effects. As revealed by proximity extension assay-based proteome analysis, the AppNL–G–F genotype led to an upregulation of AD-characteristic neuronal markers. Hyperhomocysteinemia, in contrast, indicated mainly vascular effects. Overall, since there was an absence of a distinct phenotype despite both a significant amyloid-β burden and serum HCys elevation, the results in this study did not corroborate the pathological role of amyloid-β according to the “amyloid hypothesis,” nor of hyperhomocysteinemia on cognitive performance. Nevertheless, this study aided in further characterizing the AppNL–G–F model and in elucidating the role of HCys in diverse biological processes. The idea of AD prevention with the investigated micronutrients, however, was not supported, at least in this mouse model of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Nieraad
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Natasja de Bruin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- *Correspondence: Natasja de Bruin,
| | - Olga Arne
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martine C. J. Hofmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Pannwitz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eduard Resch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sonja Luckhardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Schneider
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Gurke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael J. Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Uwe Till
- Former Institute of Pathobiochemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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21
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Yamada S, Tsuruya K, Kitazono T, Nakano T. Emerging cross-talks between chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) and malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome (MICS) in patients receiving dialysis. Clin Exp Nephrol 2022; 26:613-629. [PMID: 35353283 PMCID: PMC9203392 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-022-02216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD–MBD) is a systemic disorder that affects multiple organs and systems and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD, especially those receiving dialysis therapy. CKD–MBD is highly prevalent in CKD patients, and its treatment is gaining attention from healthcare providers who manage these patients. Additional important pathologies often observed in CKD patients are chronic inflammation and malnutrition/protein-energy wasting (PEW). These two pathologies coexist to form a vicious cycle that accelerates the progression of various other pathologies in CKD patients. This concept is integrated into the term “malnutrition–inflammation–atherosclerosis syndrome” or “malnutrition–inflammation complex syndrome (MICS)”. Recent basic and clinical studies have shown that CKD–MBD directly induces inflammation as well as malnutrition/PEW. Indeed, higher circulating levels of inorganic phosphate, fibroblast growth factor 23, parathyroid hormone, and calciprotein particles, as markers for critical components and effectors of CKD–MBD, were shown to directly induce inflammatory responses, thereby leading to malnutrition/PEW, cardiovascular diseases, and clinically relevant complications. In this short review, we discuss the close interplay between CKD–MBD and MICS and emphasize the significance of simultaneous control of these two seemingly distinct pathologies in patients with CKD, especially those receiving dialysis therapy, for better management of the CKD/hemodialysis population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan.
| | | | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan
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22
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Lou X, Yang Z, Wu K, Li W, Hu W, Nie R, Tu P, Duan P. Elevated Serum Osteoprotegerin is Associated with Reduced Risks of Albuminuria and CKD Progression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:3831-3841. [PMID: 36530588 PMCID: PMC9756793 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s390483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the correlation between serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) level and chronic kidney disease (CKD) at different CKD stages in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS All subjects were hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes. Medical history collection, physical examinations, and blood and urine samples testing were performed. Stages of CKD (G1-5) were defined by eGFR, groups of persistent albuminuria (normal, microalbuminuria and massive albuminuria) were divided by UACR, and categories of CKD progression risks (low, moderate and high or very high risk) were recommended by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Serum OPG level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the central laboratory. RESULTS Four hundred and eighty-four patients were included in the study. The average level of OPG of all subjects was 941.30 (547.53-1332.62) pg/mL. The levels of OPG decreased gradually with the aggravation of albuminuria (P = 0.007, P for trend=0.003) and CKD progression (P = 0.001, P for trend=0.001). No differences were found between OPG levels and stages of CKD (P = 0.31). After the adjustment, each 100 pg/mL increase in OPG levels could reduce the risk of massive albuminuria (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86-0.99, P = 0.02) and the high or very high risk of CKD progression (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89-0.99, P = 0.04) by multivariate logistic regression analysis. No correlations were found between OPG and stages of CKD. CONCLUSION In patients with type 2 diabetes, elevated serum osteoprotegerin is associated with albuminuria and the risk of CKD progression, and may delay the progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Lou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Postgraduate Studies, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kexia Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihong Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ronghui Nie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Third Clinical School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Tu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Duan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Peng Duan, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13479111177, Email
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Chang X, Hao J, Wang X, Liu J, Ni J, Hao L. The Role of AIF-1 in the Aldosterone-Induced Vascular Calcification Related to Chronic Kidney Disease: Evidence From Mice Model and Cell Co-Culture Model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:917356. [PMID: 35937793 PMCID: PMC9347268 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.917356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that aldosterone (Aldo) plays an essential role in vascular calcification which is a serious threat to cardiovascular disease (CVD) developed from chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the exact pathogenesis of vascular calcification is still unclear. First, we established CKD-associated vascular calcification mice model and knockout mice model to investigate the causal relationship between allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1) and vascular calcification. Then, endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) co-culture experiments were performed to further explore the mechanisms of calcification. The results of the Aldo intervention mice model and transgenic mice model showed that Aldo could cause calcification by increasing the AIF-1 level. The results of in vitro co-culture model of ECs and VSMCs showed that AIF-1 silence in ECs may alleviate Aldo-induced calcification of VSMCs. In conclusion, our study indicated that Aldo may induce vascular calcification related to chronic renal failure via the AIF-1 pathway which may provide a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Chang
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianbing Hao
- Department of Nephropathy, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingzhi Wang
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Ni
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Lirong Hao, ; Jie Ni,
| | - Lirong Hao
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Lirong Hao, ; Jie Ni,
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24
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Yang Y, Li L, Zhang Y, Yang H, Bai J, Lv H, Fu S. Association Between Coronary Artery Calcium Score and Bone Mineral Density in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Different Visceral Fat Area. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:3949-3960. [PMID: 36561919 PMCID: PMC9766512 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s392152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between coronary artery calcification and bone mineral density (BMD) in T2DM is still unclear. The aim of this study is to analyze the association between coronary artery calcium score (CACs) and BMD in T2DM with different visceral fat area (VFA), and further to explore the clinical significance of CACs in predicting osteoporosis in T2DM patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 479 T2DM patients aged ≥50 years were included. Agatston was applied to calculate CACs to evaluate the degree of coronary artery calcification. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure BMD. According to VFA, all subjects were divided into VFA <100cm2 and VFA ≥100cm2 group. Adjusted regression analysis was performed to analyze the association between CACs and BMD. ROC curve was used to analyze the optimal cut-off value of CACs for screening osteoporosis. RESULTS The baseline showed that in VFA ≥100cm2 group, CACs increased significantly than that in VFA <100cm2 group (212.1±195.9 vs 139.3±141.8, p<0.001) and total hip BMD decreased obviously (0.968±0.19 vs 1.021±0.184, p=0.01). After multivariable adjustment, CACs was not significantly associated with BMD in all patients (p>0.05). However, CACs was negatively associated with BMD of total hip and lumbar spine in patients with VFA ≥100cm2 (total hip β=-0.087 p=0.01; lumbar spine β=-0.052 p=0.005), but not VFA <100cm2. ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value of CACs for screening osteoporosis was 191.505. CONCLUSION The present study implied that associations between CACs and BMD varied by the visceral fat deposition. It is critical to evaluate the condition of visceral fat accumulation for exploring the complex interplay of coronary artery calcification and BMD in T2DM patients. It may be of some clinical value for CACs in predicting osteoporosis in T2DM with visceral obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haihong Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Haihong Lv; Songbo Fu, Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13893324091; +86 13993122257, Email ;
| | - Songbo Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Zhen G, Dan Y, Wang R, Dou C, Guo Q, Zarr M, Liu LN, Chen L, Deng R, Li Y, Shao Z, Cao X. An antibody against Siglec-15 promotes bone formation and fracture healing by increasing TRAP + mononuclear cells and PDGF-BB secretion. Bone Res 2021; 9:47. [PMID: 34719673 PMCID: PMC8558327 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a common age-related disease characterized by a deterioration of bone mass and structure that predisposes patients to fragility fractures. Pharmaceutical therapies that promote anabolic bone formation in OP patients and OP-induced fracture are needed. We investigated whether a neutralizing antibody against Siglec-15 can simultaneously inhibit bone resorption and stimulate bone formation. We found that the multinucleation of osteoclasts was inhibited in SIGLEC-15 conditional knockout mice and mice undergoing Siglec-15 neutralizing antibody treatment. The secretion of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) mononuclear cells, and bone formation were significantly increased in the SIGLEC-15 conditional knockout mice and antibody-treated mice. The anabolic effect of the Siglec-15 neutralizing antibody on bone formation was blunted in mice with Pdgfb deleted in TRAP+ cells. These findings showed that the anabolic effect of the Siglec-15 neutralizing antibody was mediated by elevating PDGF-BB production of TRAP+ mononuclear cells. To test the therapeutic potential of the Siglec-15 neutralizing antibody, we injected the antibody in an ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic mouse model, which mimics postmenopausal osteoporosis in women, and in two fracture healing models because fracture is the most serious health consequence of osteoporosis. The Siglec-15 neutralizing antibody effectively reduced bone resorption and stimulated bone formation in estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis. Of note, the Siglec-15 neutralizing antibody promoted intramembranous and endochondral ossification at the damaged area of cortical bone in fracture healing mouse models. Thus, the Siglec-15 neutralizing antibody shows significant translational potential as a novel therapy for OP and bone fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehua Zhen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang Dan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruomei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ce Dou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qiaoyue Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruoxian Deng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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26
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Association between Serum Osteoprotegerin Levels and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194326. [PMID: 34640343 PMCID: PMC8509596 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a glycoprotein of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, is one of the main biomarkers for vascular calcification. Aim. We aimed to evaluate the association between serum OPG levels and extent of coronary lesions in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Methods. Consecutive patients hospitalized for an acute MI who underwent coronary angiography were included. SYNTAX score was calculated to assess the severity of coronary artery disease. The population was analysed in low (5 (3–6)), medium (11 (9–13)) and high (20 (18–23)) tertiles of SYNTAX score. Results. Among the 378 patients included, there was a gradual increase in age, rate of diabetes, anterior wall location, and a reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction across the SYNTAX tertiles. OPG levels significantly increased across the tertiles (962 (782–1497), 1240 (870–1707), and 1464 (1011–2129) pg/mL, respectively (p < 0.001)). In multivariate analysis, OPG [OR(CI95%): 2.10 (1.29–3.49) 0.003], were associated with the high SYNTAX group, beyond hypercholesterolemia, CV history and reduced glomerular filtration rate. Conclusion. We found an association between OPG levels and coronary lesions complexity patients with acute MI.
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27
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Sun M, Cao Y, Yang X, An F, Wu H, Wang J. DNA methylation in the OPG/RANK/RANKL pathway is associated with steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:599. [PMID: 34187427 PMCID: PMC8240366 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of the OPG/RANK/RANKL signalling pathway is a key step in the occurrence of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). This study aims to understand the degree of methylation of the OPG, RANK, and RANKL genes in steroid-related ONFH. METHODS A case-control study was designed, including 50 patients (25 males and 25 females) and 50 matched controls. The European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite (EMBOSS) was used to predict the existence and location of CpG islands in the OPG, RANK, and RANKL genes. The Agena MassARRAY platform was used to detect the methylation status of the above genes in the blood of subjects. The relationship between the methylation level of CpG sites in each gene and steroid-related ONFH was analysed by the chi-square test, logistic regression analysis, and other statistical methods. RESULTS In the CpG islands of the OPG, RANK, and RANKL genes in patients with steroid-related ONFH, several CpG sites with high methylation rates and high methylation levels were found. Some hypermethylated CpG sites increase the risk of steroid-related ONFH. In addition, a few hypermethylated CpG sites have predictive value for the early diagnosis of steroid-related ONFH. CONCLUSION Methylation of certain sites in the OPG/RANK/RANKL signalling pathway increases the risk of steroid-related ONFH. Some hypermethylated CpG sites may be used as early prediction and diagnostic targets for steroid-related ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010030, Inner Mongolia, China
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuju Cao
- Zhengzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Traumatology Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450016, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010030, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Feimeng An
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010110, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Huiqiang Wu
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010110, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010030, Inner Mongolia, China.
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28
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Wu PH, Glerup RI, Svensson MHS, Eriksson N, Christensen JH, Linde T, Ljunggren Ö, Fellström B. Osteoprotegerin predicts cardiovascular events in patients treated with hemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 37:1162-1170. [PMID: 34086939 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbances in bone mineral metabolism are associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular events (CVEs). However, the association between bone-associated protein biomarkers, mortality, and CVEs independent of cytokine activation remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate bone-associated protein biomarkers, and the association with inflammatory cytokines, and cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS This prospective study enrolled hemodialysis (HD) patients in Denmark between December 2010 and March 2011. Using a proximity extension proteomics assay, nine bone-associated proteins were examined: cathepsin D (CTSD), cathepsin L1 (CTSL1), dickkopf-related protein 1 (Dkk-1), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), leptin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2). The importance of the bone-associated protein markers was evaluated by a random forest algorithm (RF). The association between bone-associated proteins with all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and CVEs was analyzed in multivariable Cox models adjusted for age, gender, comorbidities, laboratory data, and dialysis duration. RESULTS We enrolled 331 patients (63.7% men; mean [SD] age, 65 [14.6] years) in a prospective cohort study with five years follow-up. When adjusting for confounders, CTSL1 remained associated with all-cause death, and four biomarkers were associated with CVE. However, the association between bone markers and the outcomes was attenuated after adjusting for inflammatory proteins, and just OPG remained associated with CVE in the adjusted model. Evaluating the importance of bone markers by RF, OPG was the most important marker related to CVEs. OPG also improved the prediction of CVE when added clinical information alone in integrated discrimination improvement and net reclassification improvement analyses. DISCUSSION OPG, a well-known bone biomarker, was associated with CVEs independent of cytokine activity. In contrast, the association between CVEs and the remaining three bone-associated proteins (TRAIL-R2, CTSD, and CTSL1) was affected by cytokine inflammation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsun Wu
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rie Io Glerup
- Department of Nephrology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - My Hanna Sofia Svensson
- Division of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Niclas Eriksson
- Uppsala University Uppsala Clinical Research Center, and Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Torbjörn Linde
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Östen Ljunggren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Fellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Role of Osteoprotegerin as Novel Marker in Urinary Stone Formers: A Pilot Study. Nephrourol Mon 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/numonthly.112974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract calculus formation can be prevented by identifying molecules and metabolic disturbances that affect this process. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a cytokine of the TNF receptor superfamily, has been demonstrated to mediate vascular calcification and intimal calcification. Endothelial injury and oxidative stress are known to play a role in urolithiasis in the form of Randall’s plaques. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare 24-h urinary and serum OPG levels of patients with and without urolithiasis. Methods: In this case-control study, 24-h urinary levels of OPG (pg/mL), serum levels of OPG (pg/mL), and creatinine (mg/dL) were measured in both groups. Urinary and serum levels of OPG were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using human OPG kits. Results: Mean serum creatinine was 0.86 ± 0.21 mg/dL in the case group and 0.77± 0.16 mg/dL in controls. The difference in the mean serum OPG levels between the cases (227.13 ± 98.02 pg/mL) and controls (47.28 ± 29.61 pg/mL) was highly significant (P value < 0.0001). The difference in the mean 24-h urinary OPG levels between the cases (156.12 ± 174.31 pg/mL) and controls (9.32 ± 23.72 pg/mL) was highly significant (P value < 0.001). Conclusions: There were significantly higher levels of OPG in serum and 24-h urine samples of cases than in controls. Hence, it requires further large studies to make OPG a diagnostic and prognostic marker.
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Fehérvári L, Frigy A, Kocsis L, Szabó IA, Szabo TM, Urkon M, Jakó Z, Nagy EE. Serum Osteoprotegerin and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Are Related to High Arterial Stiffness in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11050764. [PMID: 33923139 PMCID: PMC8145213 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness (AS) is a complex vascular phenomenon with consequences for central hemodynamics and left-ventricular performance. Circulating biomarkers have been associated with AS; however, their value in heart failure is poorly characterized. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical and biomarker correlates of AS in the setting of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In 78 hospitalized, hemodynamically stable patients (20 women, 58 men, mean age 65.8 ± 1.41 years) with HFrEF, AS was measured using aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV). Serum OPG, RANKL, sclerostin, and DKK-1 were determined, and the relationships between the clinical variables, vascular-calcification-related biomarkers, and PWV were evaluated by correlation analysis and linear and logistic regression models. OPG and the OPG/RANKL ratio were significantly higher in the group of patients (n = 37, 47.4%) with increased PWV (>10 m/s). PWV was positively correlated with age, left-ventricular ejection fraction, and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and negatively correlated with the glomerular filtration rate. OPG and cIMT were significantly associated with PWV in the logistic regression models when adjusted for hypertension, EF, and the presence of atherosclerotic manifestations. Elevated serum OPG, together with cIMT, were significantly related to increased AS in the setting of HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lajos Fehérvári
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical County Hospital Mures, 540103 Targu Mures, Romania; (L.F.); (A.F.); (L.K.); (I.A.S.); (T.M.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540103 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Attila Frigy
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical County Hospital Mures, 540103 Targu Mures, Romania; (L.F.); (A.F.); (L.K.); (I.A.S.); (T.M.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540103 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Lóránd Kocsis
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical County Hospital Mures, 540103 Targu Mures, Romania; (L.F.); (A.F.); (L.K.); (I.A.S.); (T.M.S.)
| | - István Adorján Szabó
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical County Hospital Mures, 540103 Targu Mures, Romania; (L.F.); (A.F.); (L.K.); (I.A.S.); (T.M.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540103 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Timea Magdolna Szabo
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical County Hospital Mures, 540103 Targu Mures, Romania; (L.F.); (A.F.); (L.K.); (I.A.S.); (T.M.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Melinda Urkon
- Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Zita Jakó
- Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Előd Ernő Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Clinical County Hospital Mures, 540394 Targu Mures, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-733-956-395
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Xu J, Li H, Qu Y, Zheng C, Wang B, Shen P, Xie Z, Wei K, Wang Y, Zhao J. Denosumab might prevent periprosthetic bone loss after total hip and knee arthroplasties: a review. ARTHROPLASTY 2021; 3:13. [PMID: 35236485 PMCID: PMC8796657 DOI: 10.1186/s42836-021-00068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty are extensively used for the treatment of the end-stage degenerative joint diseases. Currently, periprosthetic bone loss is still the major cause of aseptic loosening, resulting in implant failures. Previous literature introduced some widely accepted protocols for the prevention and treatment of periprosthetic bone loss, but no guideline has been proposed. Denosumab, a human monoclonal immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) antibody, can inhibit bone resorption by binding to the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). This article reviews the present findings and evidence concerning the effect of denosumab on the periprosthetic bone loss after total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty. Overall, the current evidence suggests that denosumab is a promising agent for the treatment of periprosthetic bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianda Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 25 North Heping Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Arthroplasty, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Yuxing Qu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 25 North Heping Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chong Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 25 North Heping Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 25 North Heping Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 25 North Heping Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zikang Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 25 North Heping Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kang Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 25 North Heping Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 25 North Heping Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianning Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
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Gupta V, Ekundayo O, Nemeth ZK, Yang Y, Covic A, Mathe Z, Kovesdy CP, Molnar MZ, Mucsi I. Association between serum osteoprotegerin level and mortality in kidney transplant recipients - a prospective observational cohort study. Transpl Int 2021; 34:844-854. [PMID: 33606319 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Paradoxically, higher serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG: a vascular calcification inhibitor) have been associated with increased arterial stiffness, risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. A few studies reported that post-transplant OPG levels are associated with mortality in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. In this study, this association was assessed in a cohort of prevalent KT recipients, adjusting for previously untested potential confounders, including fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Socio-demographic and clinical parameters, medical and transplant history, and laboratory data were collected from 982 prevalent KT recipients. The association between serum OPG and all-cause mortality over a 6-year follow-up period was examined using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models. Participants with high serum OPG were more likely female, older, deceased donor KT recipients and have more comorbidity, lower eGFR, higher FGF23, higher IL-6, and longer dialysis vintage. Each 1 pmol/l higher serum OPG level was associated with a 49% higher risk of mortality (hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.49 [1.40-1.61]). This association persisted after adjusting for confounders (HR [95% CI]: 1.20 [1.10-1.30]). In conclusion, serum OPG was associated with all-cause mortality independent of several novel confounders in prevalent KT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardaan Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Multiorgan Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Oladapo Ekundayo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Multiorgan Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zsofia K Nemeth
- Nephrology Division, Uzsoki Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Multiorgan Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Covic
- "C.I. Parhon" University Hospital, Iasi, Romania.,Grigore T, Popa" University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Zoltan Mathe
- Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Miklos Z Molnar
- Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Istvan Mucsi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Multiorgan Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Yu Z, Ling Z, Lu L, Zhao J, Chen X, Xu P, Zou X. Regulatory Roles of Bone in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:610581. [PMID: 33408628 PMCID: PMC7779400 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.610581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and neurodegenerative diseases are two kinds of common disorders of the elderly, which often co-occur. Previous studies have shown the skeletal and central nervous systems are closely related to pathophysiology. As the main structural scaffold of the body, the bone is also a reservoir for stem cells, a primary lymphoid organ, and an important endocrine organ. It can interact with the brain through various bone-derived cells, mostly the mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The bone marrow is also a place for generating immune cells, which could greatly influence brain functions. Finally, the proteins secreted by bones (osteokines) also play important roles in the growth and function of the brain. This article reviews the latest research studying the impact of bone-derived cells, bone-controlled immune system, and bone-secreted proteins on the brain, and evaluates how these factors are implicated in the progress of neurodegenerative diseases and their potential use in the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengran Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zemin Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Reinhold S, Blankesteijn WM, Foulquier S. The Interplay of WNT and PPARγ Signaling in Vascular Calcification. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122658. [PMID: 33322009 PMCID: PMC7763279 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), the ectopic deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in the vessel wall, is one of the primary contributors to cardiovascular death. The pathology of VC is determined by vascular topography, pre-existing diseases, and our genetic heritage. VC evolves from inflammation, mediated by macrophages, and from the osteochondrogenic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in the atherosclerotic plaque. This pathologic transition partly resembles endochondral ossification, involving the chronologically ordered activation of the β-catenin-independent and -dependent Wingless and Int-1 (WNT) pathways and the termination of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signal transduction. Several atherosclerotic plaque studies confirmed the differential activity of PPARγ and the WNT signaling pathways in VC. Notably, the actively regulated β-catenin-dependent and -independent WNT signals increase the osteochondrogenic transformation of VSMC through the up-regulation of the osteochondrogenic transcription factors SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). In addition, we have reported studies showing that WNT signaling pathways may be antagonized by PPARγ activation via the expression of different families of WNT inhibitors and through its direct interaction with β-catenin. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge on WNT and PPARγ signaling and their interplay during the osteochondrogenic differentiation of VSMC in VC. Finally, we discuss knowledge gaps on this interplay and its possible clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Reinhold
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (W.M.B.)
| | - W. Matthijs Blankesteijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (W.M.B.)
| | - Sébastien Foulquier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (W.M.B.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-433881409
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35
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Liu F, Li HY, Wang Z, Zhang HN, Wang YZ, Xu H. Carboxymethyl chitosan reduces inflammation and promotes osteogenesis in a rabbit knee replacement model. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:775. [PMID: 33234136 PMCID: PMC7684978 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major causes of failure after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) include prosthesis loosening and infection. This study aimed to investigate the role of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) in knee arthroplasty. METHODS A total of 20 New Zealand white rabbits that were divided into two groups (10 in the control group and 10 in the chitosan group) were included in the study. They underwent TKA surgery, and all were implanted with titanium rod prostheses; the prosthesis in the chitosan group was coated with CMC. After 12 weeks, all rabbits were euthanized, and the following analyses of some specific surface membrane tissues around the prosthesis were performed: X-ray analysis; micro-computed tomography scan; haematoxylin and eosin, Van Gieson, and Von Kossa staining; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; and Western Blotting. RESULTS The result of CCK8 test showed CMC can promote cell proliferation and increase cell viability. Radiological result showed better amount of bone deposits and more bone formation in the chitosan group. HE staining result showed CMC reduces inflammation around the prosthesis. The VG and Von Kossa staining results showed CMC can promote bone deposition around prosthesis. And according to the results of PCR and WB, the OCN content was higher in the chitosan group, while the MMPs content was lower. The chitosan group has an increased OPG/RANKL ratio than the control group. CONCLUSION CMC can effectively inhibit the inflammatory response around the prosthesis and osteoclast activation and promote osteogenesis by interfering with the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.,Wuhan Fourth Hospital; Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hai-Yan Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.,Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hai-Ning Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Ying-Zhen Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
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Miles DT, Voskuil RT, Dale W, Mayerson JL, Scharschmidt TJ. Integration of denosumab therapy in the management of giant cell tumors of bone. J Orthop 2020; 22:38-47. [PMID: 32280167 PMCID: PMC7136643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of the literature indicated denosumab is gaining favorability in the oncology community, particularly with increasing frequency in GCTB. Will denosumab be the breakthrough GCTB treatment? Here, we provide a pertinent case example, a review of the literature regarding the history and basic science behind the use of denosumab for GCTB, highlight the newest insights into the dosing and duration of treatment, and note advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T. Miles
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga, USA
| | - Ryan T. Voskuil
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, USA
| | - Wood Dale
- Department of Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, USA
| | - Joel L. Mayerson
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, USA
| | - Thomas J. Scharschmidt
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, USA
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Duan M, Zhao WL, Zhou L, Novák P, Zhu X, Yin K. Omics research in vascular calcification. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 511:319-328. [PMID: 33096035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), the pathological process of hydroxyapatite mineral deposition in the vascular system, is closely associated with aging, atherosclerotic plaque formation, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Studies have shown that VC is related to cellular phenotypic changes, extracellular vesicles, disordered calcium and phosphate homeostasis, and an imbalance between inducers and inhibitors of VC. Unfortunately, there is currently no effective preventive or targeted treatment for pathologic condition. The rapid evolution of omics technology (genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) has provided a novel approach for elucidation of pathophysiologic mechanisms in general and those associated with VC specifically. Here, we review articles published over the last twenty years and focus on the current state, challenges, limitations and future of omics in VC research and clinical practice. Highlighting potential targets based on omics technology will improve our understanding of this pathologic condition and assist in the development of potential treatment options for VC related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Duan
- Research Lab of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China
| | - Wen-Li Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China
| | - Le Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China
| | - Petr Novák
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China.
| | - Kai Yin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China.
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38
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Duan M, Zhao WL, Zhou L, Novák P, Zhu X, Yin K. Omics research in vascular calcification. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 511:198-207. [PMID: 33096032 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), the pathological process of hydroxyapatite mineral deposition in the vascular system, is closely associated with aging, atherosclerotic plaque formation, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Studies have shown that VC is related to cellular phenotypic changes, extracellular vesicles, disordered calcium phosphate homeostasis and an imbalance between inducers and inhibitors of VC. Unfortunately, there is currently no effective preventive or targeted treatment for this disorder. Recently, the evolution of omics technology (genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) has paved the way for elucidation of complex biochemical processes and, as such, may provide new insight on VC. Accordingly, we conducted a review of articles published over the last twenty years and herein focus on current and future potential of omics technology in clarifying mechanisms of this disease process. Identification of new biomarkers will provide additional tools in characterizing this pathology and will further assist in the development of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Duan
- Research Lab of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China
| | - Wen-Li Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China
| | - Le Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China
| | - Petr Novák
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China.
| | - Kai Yin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China.
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Tariq S, Tariq S, Hussain S, Baig M. Association of serum osteoprotegerin with severity of chronic liver disease in female patients: A potential biomarker. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:1325-1329. [PMID: 32968402 PMCID: PMC7501019 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.6.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the association of serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) with the severity of chronic liver disease in female patients. Methods This case-control study was conducted in Madina Teaching Hospital from 2019-2020.An institutional review board of University Medical and Dental College, The University of Faisalabad gave the approval to conduct the study. Only female patients of age group 40 to 60 years having CLD were included in this study. Total 80 participants were enrolled after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Serum OPG levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) supplied by ELAB Sciences, USA. The severity of disease was assessed by Child-Pugh classification. Results OPG levels were significantly different between the three Child-Pugh classes. OPG levels were significantly high in class C indicating increased level of this cytokine in CLD as compared to class A (p = <0.05). There was a positive association of OPG with splenomegaly (OR = 2.10, p = <0.001), hepatomegaly (OR = 4.41, (p = <0.05), skin pigmentation (OR = 2.06, p = <0.05), malena (OR = 1.87, p = <0.05) and prolonged bleeding (OR = 1.86, p = <0.05). Conclusion The levels of serum Osteoprotegerin is increased in severe form of chronic liver disease (Class C) of Child-Pughs classification as compared to mild (Class A) and moderate (Class B) forms of Child-Pughs classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Tariq
- Saba Tariq, MBBS, M.Phil. Associate Professor of Pharmacology, University Medical & Dental College, University of Faisalabad, Pakistan, Research Scholar, Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sundus Tariq
- Sundus Tariq, MBBS, M.Phil. Associate Professor of Physiology, University Medical & Dental College, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Research Scholar, Physiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Hussain
- Shaista Hussain, MBBS. House Officer, Allied Hospital Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtiar Baig
- Prof. Mukhtiar Baig, MBBS, M.Phil., PhD. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah- 21589, KSA
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Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Factors as Markers of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis. Cardiol Res Pract 2020; 2020:9036157. [PMID: 32850147 PMCID: PMC7441424 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9036157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials and Methods 20 patients undergoing routine carotid endarterectomy and 40 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. MMPs activity and OPG and FN concentrations were measured in atherosclerotic plaques and nonchanged contiguous tissue after homogenization as well as in plasma from patients and reference group. The activity of MMPs was evaluated by gelatin zymography, and the concentration of OPG and FN was assessed by ELISA. Results OPG concentration and MMP-9 activity showed differences between plaque and nonchanged tissue; OPG was higher in adjacent tissue (P=0.0009), whereas MMP-9 was higher in plaque (proMMP-9 P=0.0003; MMP-9 P < 0.0001). The OPG plasma concentration and both MMPs plasma activity were higher in patients (OPG P < 0.001; proMMP-2 P=0.0292; and proMMP-9 P=0.0374), while FN plasma concentration was lower in patients than in the reference group (P=0.0004). The ROC curves analysis showed the highest AUC for OPG (0.943) with 85.0% sensitivity and 92.1% specificity. Conclusions The atherosclerotic plaque and the contiguous artery wall are biochemically different. OPG shows the highest potential to be a marker of advanced carotid atherosclerosis.
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Duan CC, Ma C, Tang HQ. Increased Circulating Osteoprotegerin Levels in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Based on Observational Studies. Immunol Invest 2020; 50:101-112. [PMID: 31920120 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1710531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) has been disclosed to be associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as increased risks of losing bone mass and progression of osteoporosis (OP). Osteoprotegerin (OPG), as a decoy receptor, has been demonstrated to play a critical role in bone metabolism homeostasis and vascular atherosclerotic diseases. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the associations between OPG levels and T1D. Methods: Related literatures were searched and identified from the database of the Cochrane Library database, PubMed and EMbase inception to August 3, 2019 in English. The pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated in using random-effect model analysis. Chi-square Q statistic and I2 test were performed to evaluate and quantified the presence of heterogeneity. Results: Twelve studies with 1288 subjects (794 T1D patients and 494 healthy controls) were finally included. The incorporated results indicated that T1D patients have higher plasma/serum OPG levels than in healthy individuals (SMD = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.06, 1.22). Subgroup analyses suggested that Caucasian and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) <8.5% groups showed higher OPG levels, however, there was no significant differences of OPG levels regarding subgroups of BMI ≥ or <25, children-adolescents or adults and HbA1c ≥8.5%. Conclusions: The current evidence suggested that circulating OPG levels are significantly higher in T1D than in healthy controls, and the increase of OPG levels are influenced by factors of race and HbA1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Cui Duan
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, China
| | - Chengcheng Ma
- Department of General Medicine, Tongda Center Health Center of Lujiang County , Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Qin Tang
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, China
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