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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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Kampfer AJ, Balog EM. Electrical polarity-dependent gating and a unique subconductance of RyR2 induced by S-adenosyl methionine via the ATP binding site. J Biochem 2021; 170:739-752. [PMID: 34523682 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
S-Adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) was used to probe the functional effects exerted via the RyR2 adenine nucleotide binding site. Single channel experiments revealed that SAM applied to the cytoplasmic face of RyR2 had complex voltage dependent effects on channel gating and conductance. At positive transmembrane holding potentials, SAM caused a striking reduction in channel openings and a reduced channel conductance. In contrast, at negative potentials SAM promoted a clearly resolved subconductance state. At membrane potentials between -75 and -25 mV the open probability of the subconductance state was independent of voltage. ATP, but not the non-adenosine based RyR activator 4-chloro-m-cresol interfered with the effects of SAM at both negative and positive potentials. This suggests that ATP and SAM interact with a common binding site. Molecular docking showed SAM bound to the adenine nucleotide-binding site and formed a hydrogen bond to Glu4886 in the C-terminal end of the S6 alpha helix. In this configuration SAM may alter the conformation of the RyR2 ion conduction pathway. This work provides novel insight into potential functional outcomes of ligand binding to the RyR adenine nucleotide binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela J Kampfer
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Edward M Balog
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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Bafor EE, Ukpebor F, Omoruyi O, Ochoyama E, Omogiade G, Ekufu J, Edrada-Ebel R. Tocolytic activity assessment of the methanol leaf extract of Justicia flava Vahl (Acanthaceae) on mouse myometrial contractility and preliminary mass spectrometric determination of secondary metabolites. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 243:112087. [PMID: 31310827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves of Justicia flava are traditionally used in the South of Nigeria to prevent preterm births. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the activity of the methanol leaf extract of J. flava (JF) was investigated on uterine contractility in non-pregnant and pregnant isolated mouse tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effects on spontaneous, oxytocin, and KCl-induced contractions were determined. The effects in calcium-free media were also determined. Possible mechanisms of activity were investigated using receptor and channel modulators. Mass spectrometric analysis was additionally performed on the leaf extract to identify secondary metabolites. RESULTS JF was observed to inhibit spontaneous, oxytocin and high KCl-induced uterine contractility. JF also inhibited contractions in Ca2+-free media. JF was found to exert its inhibitory effect via interaction with inositol triphosphate and ryanodine receptors and also through modulation of K+- channels. Lignans and alkaloids were identified with the lignans being the most abundant in JF. CONCLUSION JF has been shown to potently inhibit uterine contractions in non-pregnant and pregnant isolated mouse uterus. The inhibitory activity of JF has been shown to occur via blockade of extracellular and intracellular calcium entry and these effects may be due to the lignans identified in - JF. JF has therefore been shown in this study to be a lead plant in the discovery of new drugs with uterine inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enitome E Bafor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
| | - Faith Ukpebor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
| | - Osemelomen Omoruyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Ejiro Ochoyama
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Glory Omogiade
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Jude Ekufu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
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Holik AK, Lieder B, Kretschy N, Somoza MM, Ley JP, Hans J, Somoza V. The advanced glycation end product N ϵ -carboxymethyllysine and its precursor glyoxal increase serotonin release from Caco-2 cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2731-2741. [PMID: 29052845 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), comprising a highly diverse class of Maillard reaction compounds formed in vivo and during heating processes of foods, have been described in the progression of several degenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus. Nϵ -Carboxymethyllysine (CML) represents a well-characterized AGE, which is frequently encountered in a Western diet and is known to mediate its cellular effects through binding to the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). As very little is known about the impact of exogenous CML and its precursor, glyoxal, on intestinal cells, a genome-wide screening using a customized microarray was conducted in fully differentiated Caco-2 cells. After verification of gene regulation by qPCR, functional assays on fatty acid uptake, glucose uptake, and serotonin release were performed. While only treatment with glyoxal showed a slight impact on fatty acid uptake (P < 0.05), both compounds reduced glucose uptake significantly, leading to values of 81.3% ± 22.8% (500 μM CML, control set to 100%) and 68.3% ± 20.9% (0.3 μM glyoxal). Treatment with 500 μM CML or 0.3 μM glyoxal increased serotonin release (P < 0.05) to 236% ± 111% and 264% ± 66%, respectively. Co-incubation with the RAGE antagonist FPS-ZM1 reduced CML-induced serotonin release by 34%, suggesting a RAGE-mediated mechanism. Similarly, co-incubation with the SGLT-1 inhibitor phloridzin attenuated serotonin release after CML treatment by 32%, hinting at a connection between CML-stimulated serotonin release and glucose uptake. Future studies need to elucidate whether the CML/glyoxal-induced serotonin release in enterocytes might stimulate serotonin-mediated intestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Holik
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Lieder
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Kretschy
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark M Somoza
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Holik AK, Rohm B, Somoza MM, Somoza V. N(ε)-Carboxymethyllysine (CML), a Maillard reaction product, stimulates serotonin release and activates the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in SH-SY5Y cells. Food Funct 2013; 4:1111-20. [PMID: 23759926 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Maillard reaction products, which are formed in highly thermally treated foods, are commonly consumed in a Western diet. In this study, we investigated the impact of N(ε)-carboxymethyllysine (CML), a well-characterized product of the Maillard reaction, on the gene regulation of the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Pathway analysis of data generated from customized DNA microarrays revealed 3 h incubation with 50 μM and 500 μM CML to affect serotonin receptor expression. Further experiments employing qRT-PCR showed an up-regulation of serotonin receptors 2A, 1A and 1B after 0.25 h and 3 h. In addition, 500 μM CML increased serotonin release, thus showing effects of CML not only at a genetic, but also at a functional level. Intracellular calcium mobilization, which mediates serotonin release, was increased by CML at concentrations of 0.05-500 μM. Since calcium mobilization has been linked to the activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), we further investigated the effects of CML on RAGE expression. RAGE was found to be up-regulated after incubation with 500 μM CML for 0.25 h. Co-incubation with the calcium blocker neomycin for 0.25 h blocked the up-regulation of RAGE and the serotonin receptors 2A, 1A and 1B. These results indicate a possible link between a CML-induced calcium-mediated serotonin release and RAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Holik
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, Vienna, Austria
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Sun X, Kishore V, Fites K, Akkus O. Osteoblasts detect pericellular calcium concentration increase via neomycin-sensitive voltage gated calcium channels. Bone 2012; 51:860-7. [PMID: 22921901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the detection of critically loaded or micro-damaged regions of bone by bone cells are still a matter of debate. Our previous studies showed that calcium efflux originates from pre-failure regions of bone matrix and MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts respond to such efflux by an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration. The mechanisms by which the intracellular calcium concentration increases in response to an increase in the pericellular calcium concentration are unknown. Elevation of the intracellular calcium may occur via release from the internal calcium stores of the cell and/or via the membrane bound channels. The current study applied a wide range of pharmaceutical inhibitors to identify the calcium entry pathways involved in the process: internal calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum (ER, inhibited by thapsigargin and TMB-8), calcium receptor (CaSR, inhibited by calhex), stretch-activated calcium channel (SACC, inhibited by gadolinium), voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC, inhibited by nifedipine, verapamil, neomycin, and ω-conotoxin), and calcium-induced-calcium-release channel (CICRC, inhibited by ryanodine and dantrolene). These inhibitors were screened for their effectiveness to block intracellular calcium increase by using a concentration gradient induced calcium efflux model which mimics calcium diffusion from the basal aspect of cells. The inhibitor(s) which reduced the intracellular calcium response was further tested on osteoblasts seeded on mechanically loaded notched cortical bone wafers undergoing damage. The results showed that only neomycin reduced the intracellular calcium response in osteoblasts, by 27%, upon extracellular calcium stimulus induced by concentration gradient. The inhibitory effect of neomycin was more pronounced (75% reduction in maximum fluorescence) for osteoblasts seeded on notched cortical bone wafers loaded mechanically to damaging load levels. These results imply that the increase in intracellular calcium occurs by the entry of extracellular calcium ions through VGCCs which are sensitive to neomycin. N-type and P-type VGCCs are potential candidates because they are observed in osteoblasts and they are sensitive to neomycin. The calcium channels identified in this study provide new insight into mechanisms underlying the targeted repair process which is essential to bone adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhao Sun
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Hilliard FA, Steele DS, Laver D, Yang Z, Le Marchand SJ, Chopra N, Piston DW, Huke S, Knollmann BC. Flecainide inhibits arrhythmogenic Ca2+ waves by open state block of ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channels and reduction of Ca2+ spark mass. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 48:293-301. [PMID: 19835880 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is linked to mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) or calsequestrin. We recently found that the drug flecainide inhibits RyR2 channels and prevents CPVT in mice and humans. Here we compared the effects of flecainide and tetracaine, a known RyR2 inhibitor ineffective in CPVT myocytes, on arrhythmogenic Ca(2+) waves and elementary sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) release events, Ca(2+) sparks. In ventricular myocytes isolated from a CPVT mouse model, flecainide significantly reduced spark amplitude and spark width, resulting in a 40% reduction in spark mass. Surprisingly, flecainide significantly increased spark frequency. As a result, flecainide had no significant effect on spark-mediated SR Ca(2+) leak or SR Ca(2+) content. In contrast, tetracaine decreased spark frequency and spark-mediated SR Ca(2+) leak, resulting in a significantly increased SR Ca(2+) content. Measurements in permeabilized rat ventricular myocytes confirmed the different effects of flecainide and tetracaine on spark frequency and Ca(2+) waves. In lipid bilayers, flecainide inhibited RyR2 channels by open state block, whereas tetracaine primarily prolonged RyR2 closed times. The differential effects of flecainide and tetracaine on sparks and RyR2 gating can explain why flecainide, unlike tetracaine, does not change the balance of SR Ca(2+) fluxes. We suggest that the smaller spark mass contributes to flecainide's antiarrhythmic action by reducing the probability of saltatory wave propagation between adjacent Ca(2+) release units. Our results indicate that inhibition of the RyR2 open state provides a new therapeutic strategy to prevent diastolic Ca(2+) waves resulting in triggered arrhythmias, such as CPVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick A Hilliard
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0575, USA
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Plattner H, Sehring IM, Schilde C, Ladenburger E. Chapter 5 Pharmacology of Ciliated Protozoa—Drug (In)Sensitivity and Experimental Drug (Ab)Use. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 273:163-218. [DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(08)01805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Stewart R, Song L, Carter SM, Sigalas C, Zaccai NR, Kanamarlapudi V, Bhat MB, Takeshima H, Sitsapesan R. Single-channel characterization of the rabbit recombinant RyR2 reveals a novel inactivation property of physiological concentrations of ATP. J Membr Biol 2008; 222:65-77. [PMID: 18418540 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-008-9102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) cDNA has been available for more than 15 years; however, due to the complex nature of ligand gating in this channel, many aspects of recombinant RyR2 function have been unresearched. We established a stable, inducible HEK 293 cell line expressing full-length rabbit RyR2 cDNA and assessed the single-channel properties of the recombinant RyR2, with particular reference to ligand regulation with Ca2+ as the permeant ion. We found that the single-channel conductances of recombinant RyR2 and RyR2 isolated from cardiac muscle are essentially identical, as is irreversible modification by ryanodine. Although it is known that RyR2 expressed in HEK 293 cells is not associated with FKBP12.6, we demonstrate that these channels do not exhibit any discernable disorganized gating characteristics or subconductance states. We also show that the gating of recombinant RyR2 is indistinguishable from that of channels isolated from cardiac muscle when activated by cytosolic Ca2+, caffeine or suramin. The mechanisms underlying ATP activation are also similar; however, the experiments highlighted a novel effect of ATP at physiologically relevant concentrations of 5-10 mM. With Ca2+ as permeant ion, 5-10 mM ATP consistently inactivated recombinant channels (15/16 experiments). Such inactivation was rarely observed with native RyR2 isolated from cardiac muscle (1 in 16 experiments). However, if the channels were purified, inactivation by ATP was then revealed in all experiments. This action of ATP may be relevant for inactivation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release during cardiac excitation-contraction coupling or may represent unnatural behavior that is revealed when RyR2 is purified or expressed in noncardiac systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Stewart
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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