1
|
Maciulevičius M, Palepšienė R, Vykertas S, Raišutis R, Rafanavičius A, Krilavičius T, Šatkauskas S. The comparison of the dynamics of Ca 2+ and bleomycin intracellular delivery after cell sonoporation and electroporation in vitro. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 158:108708. [PMID: 38636366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Ca2+, in combination with SP or EP, induces cell cytotoxicity much faster compared to BLM. The application of BLM in combination with, SP or EP, reaches the level of cell death, induced by similar combination with Ca2+, only after 72 h. The methods of SP and EP were calibrated according to the level of differential cytotoxicity, determined after 6 days (using cell clonogenic assay). The combination of Ca2+ SP induces cell death faster than Ca2+ EP - after Ca2+ SP it increases to a maximum level after 15 min and remains constant for up to 6 days, while the cytotoxic efficiency after Ca2+ EP increases to the level of Ca2+ SP only after 72 h. The combination of BLM SP shows a very similar dynamics to BLM EP - both reach maximal level of cytotoxicity after 48-72 h. Ca2+ and BLM in combination with SP have shown similar levels of cytotoxicity at higher acoustic pressures (≥250 kPa); therefore, Ca2+ SP can be used to induce immediate and maximal level of cytotoxic effect. The faster cytotoxic efficiency of Ca2+ in combination with SP than EP was determined to be due to the involvement of microbubble inertial cavitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martynas Maciulevičius
- Biophysical Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos st. 8, LT-44404, Kaunas, Lithuania; Ultrasound Research Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko st. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Rūta Palepšienė
- Biophysical Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos st. 8, LT-44404, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Salvijus Vykertas
- Biophysical Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos st. 8, LT-44404, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Renaldas Raišutis
- Ultrasound Research Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko st. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Electrical Power Systems, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų st. 48, LT-51367 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Aras Rafanavičius
- Biophysical Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos st. 8, LT-44404, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Tomas Krilavičius
- Faculty of Informatics, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos st. 8, LT-44404, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Saulius Šatkauskas
- Biophysical Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos st. 8, LT-44404, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Scuderi M, Dermol-Cerne J, Scancar J, Markovic S, Rems L, Miklavcic D. The equivalence of different types of electric pulses for electrochemotherapy with cisplatin - an in vitro study. Radiol Oncol 2024; 58:51-66. [PMID: 38378034 PMCID: PMC10878774 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2024-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a treatment involving the administration of chemotherapeutics drugs followed by the application of 8 square monopolar pulses of 100 μs duration at a repetition frequency of 1 Hz or 5000 Hz. However, there is increasing interest in using alternative types of pulses for ECT. The use of high-frequency short bipolar pulses has been shown to mitigate pain and muscle contractions. Conversely, the use of millisecond pulses is interesting when combining ECT with gene electrotransfer for the uptake of DNA-encoding proteins that stimulate the immune response with the aim of converting ECT from a local to systemic treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate how alternative types of pulses affect the efficiency of the ECT. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed in vitro experiments, exposing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to conventional ECT pulses, high-frequency bipolar pulses, and millisecond pulses in the presence of different concentrations of cisplatin. We determined cisplatin uptake by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and cisplatin cytotoxicity by the clonogenic assay. RESULTS We observed that the three tested types of pulses potentiate the uptake and cytotoxicity of cisplatin in an equivalent manner, provided that the electric field is properly adjusted for each pulse type. Furthermore, we quantified that the number of cisplatin molecules, resulting in the eradication of most cells, was 2-7 × 107 per cell. CONCLUSIONS High-frequency bipolar pulses and millisecond pulses can potentially be used in ECT to reduce pain and muscle contraction and increase the effect of the immune response in combination with gene electrotransfer, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Scuderi
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Dermol-Cerne
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Scancar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stefan Markovic
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lea Rems
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavcic
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peng W, Polajžer T, Yao C, Miklavčič D. Dynamics of Cell Death Due to Electroporation Using Different Pulse Parameters as Revealed by Different Viability Assays. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:22-35. [PMID: 37704904 PMCID: PMC10761553 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of cell death due to electroporation are still not well understood. Recent studies suggest that cell death due to electroporation is not an immediate all-or-nothing response but rather a dynamic process that occurs over a prolonged period of time. To investigate whether the dynamics of cell death depends on the pulse parameters or cell lines, we exposed different cell lines to different pulses [monopolar millisecond, microsecond, nanosecond, and high-frequency bipolar (HFIRE)] and then assessed viability at different times using different viability assays. The dynamics of cell death was observed by changes in metabolic activity and membrane integrity. In addition, regardless of pulse or cell line, the dynamics of cell death was observed only at high electroporation intensities, i.e., high pulse amplitudes and/or pulse number. Considering the dynamics of cell death, the clonogenic assay should remain the preferred viability assay for assessing viability after electroporation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Peng
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Tamara Polajžer
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Chenguo Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kardorff M, Mahler HC, Huwyler J, Sorret L. Comparison of cell viability methods for human mesenchymal/stromal stem cells and human A549 lung carcinoma cells after freeze-thaw stress. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 124:107474. [PMID: 37866798 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2023.107474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
For the safety and efficacy of frozen cell therapy products, determination of cellular viability is key. However, results of cell viability measurements do not only depend on the cell line or on the inflicted stress, but also on the assay used, making inter-experimental comparisons difficult. The aim of this study was thus to assess commonly used viability assays in clinically relevant human mesenchymal/stromal stem cells and human A549 lung carcinoma cells. Post freeze-thaw stress viability and proliferation were evaluated under different conditions using trypan blue, acridine orange/DAPI stain, alamarBlue, ATP, and neutral red assays. Significant differences in cell viability between metabolic assays were observed, likely due to their distinct intrinsic detection mechanisms. Membrane-integrity based assays generally overestimated cell viabilities in this study. Furthermore, noticeable differences in inter-assay sensitivities were observed. These differences highlight that cell viability methods should be meticulously selected and their associated results carefully interpreted in a relevant context to ensure reliable conclusions. Indeed, although cell membrane integrity based assays are a popular choice to determine cellular quality attributes after freezing and thawing, we demonstrate that metabolic assays may be more suitable in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kardorff
- Drug Product Services, Lonza AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60G, 4057 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jörg Huwyler
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Léa Sorret
- Drug Product Services, Lonza AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60G, 4057 Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maciulevičius M, Raišutis R, Jakštys B, Svilainis L, Chaziachmetovas A, Šatkauskas S. The Assessment of Calcium and Bleomycin Cytotoxic Efficiency in Relation to Cavitation Dosimetry. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051463. [PMID: 37242705 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbubble (MB)- and ultrasound (US)-facilitated intracellular Ca2+ delivery, known as sonoporation (SP), is a promising anticancer treatment modality, since it allows a spatio-temporally controllable and side-effect-free alternative to conventional chemotherapy. The current study provides extensive evidence that a 5 mM concentration of Ca2+ in combination with US alone or US and Sonovue MBs can be an alternative to the conventional 20 nM concentration of the anticancer drug bleomycin (BLM). Ca2+ application together with SP induces a similar level of death in Chinese hamster ovary cells to the combination of BLM and SP but does not cause systemic toxicity, as is inherent to conventional anticancer drugs. In addition, Ca2+ delivery via SP alters three vital characteristics essential for viable cells: membrane permeability, metabolic activity and proliferation ability. Most importantly, Ca2+ delivery via SP elicits sudden cell death-occurring within 15 min-which remains similar during 24-72 h and 6 d periods. The extensive study of US waves side-scattered by MBs led to the quantification of the cavitation dose (CD) separately for subharmonics, ultraharmonics, harmonics and broadband noise (up to 4 MHz). The CD was suitable for the prognostication of the cytotoxic efficiency of both anticancer agents, Ca2+ and BLM, as was indicated by an overall high (R2 ≥ 0.8) correlation (22 pairs in total). These extensive analytical data imply that a broad range of frequencies are applicable for the feedback-loop control of the process of US-mediated Ca2+ or BLM delivery, successively leading to the eventual standardization of the protocols for the sonotransfer of anticancer agents as well as the establishment of a universal cavitation dosimetry model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martynas Maciulevičius
- Biophysical Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos St. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Ultrasound Research Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko St. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Renaldas Raišutis
- Ultrasound Research Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko St. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Electrical Power Systems, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų St. 48, LT-51367 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Baltramiejus Jakštys
- Biophysical Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos St. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Linas Svilainis
- Electronics Engineering Department, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Andrius Chaziachmetovas
- Electronics Engineering Department, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Šatkauskas
- Biophysical Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos St. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Munir S, Khurshid M, Ahmad M, Ashfaq UA, Zaki MEA. Exploring the Antimicrobial and Pharmacological Potential of NF22 as a Potent Inhibitor of E. coli DNA Gyrase: An In Vitro and In Silico Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122768. [PMID: 36559262 PMCID: PMC9784730 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Toward the search for novel antimicrobial agents to control pathogenic E. coli-associated infections, a series of novel norfloxacin derivatives were screened for antimicrobial activities. The norfloxacin derivative, 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-7-(4-(2-(2-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)-2-oxoethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (NF22) demonstrated excellent antibacterial activities against E. coli ATCC 25922 (MIC = 0.0625 μg/mL) and MDR E. coli 1-3 (MIC = 1, 2 and 1 µg/mL). The time-kill kinetic studies have demonstrated that the NF22 was advantageous over norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin in killing the control and MDR E. coli strains. The checkerboard assay showed that NF22 in combination with tetracycline had a synergistic effect against the E. coli strains. The experimental findings are supported by molecular modeling studies on DNA gyrase, explaining the interactions involved for compound NF22, compared to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Further, the compound was also evaluated for various pharmacokinetics (absorption, metabolism, distribution, toxicity and excretion) as well as drug-likeness properties. Our data have highlighted the potential of norfloxacin by restoring its efficacy against E. coli which could lead to the development of new antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samman Munir
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (U.A.A.); (M.E.A.Z.)
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (U.A.A.); (M.E.A.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Novickij V, Rembiałkowska N, Kasperkiewicz-Wasilewska P, Baczyńska D, Rzechonek A, Błasiak P, Kulbacka J. Pulsed electric fields with calcium ions stimulate oxidative alternations and lipid peroxidation in human non-small cell lung cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:184055. [PMID: 36152727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) are commonly used to facilitate the delivery of various molecules, including pharmaceuticals, into living cells. However, the applied protocols still require optimization regarding the conditions of the permeabilization process, i.e., pulse waveform, voltage, duration, and the number of pulses in a burst. This study highlights the importance of electrochemical processes involved in the electropermeabilization process, known as electroporation. This research investigated the effects of electroporation on human non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549) in potassium (SKM) and HEPES-based buffers (SHM) using sub-microsecond and microsecond range pulses. The experiments were performed using 100 ns - 100 μs (0.6-15 kV/cm) bursts with 8 pulses in a sequence. It was shown that depending on the buffer composition, the susceptibility of cells to PEF varies, while calcium enhances the cytotoxic effects of PEF, if high cell membrane permeabilization is triggered. It was also determined that electroporation with calcium ions induces oxidative stress in cells, including lipid peroxidation (LPO), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and neutral lipid droplets. Here, we demonstrated that calcium ions and optimized pulse parameters could potentiate PEF efficacy and oxidative alternations in lung cancer cells. Thus, the anticancer efficacy of PEF in lung cancers in combination with standard cytostatic drugs or calcium ions should be considered, but this issue still requires in-depth detailed studies with in vivo models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitalij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Nina Rembiałkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Dagmara Baczyńska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Rzechonek
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Grabiszynska 105, 53-430 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Błasiak
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Grabiszynska 105, 53-430 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bloom MJ, Song PN, Virostko J, Yankeelov TE, Sorace AG. Quantifying the Effects of Combination Trastuzumab and Radiation Therapy in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174234. [PMID: 36077773 PMCID: PMC9454606 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Trastuzumab induces cell cycle arrest in HER2-overexpressing cells and demonstrates potential in radiosensitizing cancer cells. The purpose of this study is to quantify combination trastuzumab and radiotherapy to determine their synergy. Methods: In vitro, HER2+ cancer cells were treated with trastuzumab, radiation, or their combination, and imaged to evaluate treatment kinetics. In vivo, HER2+ tumor-bearing mice were treated with trastuzumab and radiation, and assessed longitudinally. An additional cohort was treated and sacrificed to quantify CD45, CD31, α-SMA, and hypoxia. Results: The interaction index revealed the additive effects of trastuzumab and radiation in vitro in HER2+ cell lines. Furthermore, the results revealed significant differences in tumor response when treated with radiation (p < 0.001); however, no difference was seen in the combination groups when trastuzumab was added to radiotherapy (p = 0.56). Histology revealed increases in CD45 staining in tumors receiving trastuzumab (p < 0.05), indicating potential increases in immune infiltration. Conclusions: The in vitro results showed the additive effect of combination trastuzumab and radiotherapy. The in vivo results showed the potential to achieve similar efficacy of radiotherapy with a reduced dose when combined with trastuzumab. If trastuzumab and low-dose radiotherapy induce greater tumor kill than a higher dose of radiotherapy, combination therapy can achieve a similar reduction in tumor burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan J. Bloom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Patrick N. Song
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - John Virostko
- LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78713, USA
- Department of Oncology, The University of Texas Dell Medical School, Austin, TX 78701, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Thomas E. Yankeelov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78713, USA
- Department of Oncology, The University of Texas Dell Medical School, Austin, TX 78701, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Oden Institute for Computational and Engineering Sciences, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Imaging Physics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anna G. Sorace
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Evaluation of Biological Activity of Natural Compounds: Current Trends and Methods. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144490. [PMID: 35889361 PMCID: PMC9324072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds have diverse structures and are present in different forms of life. Metabolites such as tannins, anthocyanins, and alkaloids, among others, serve as a defense mechanism in live organisms and are undoubtedly compounds of interest for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Plants, bacteria, and insects represent sources of biomolecules with diverse activities, which are in many cases poorly studied. To use these molecules for different applications, it is essential to know their structure, concentrations, and biological activity potential. In vitro techniques that evaluate the biological activity of the molecules of interest have been developed since the 1950s. Currently, different methodologies have emerged to overcome some of the limitations of these traditional techniques, mainly via reductions in time and costs. These emerging technologies continue to appear due to the urgent need to expand the analysis capacity of a growing number of reported biomolecules. This review presents an updated summary of the conventional and relevant methods to evaluate the natural compounds’ biological activity in vitro.
Collapse
|
10
|
Marquês JT, Frazão De Faria C, Reis M, Machado D, Santos S, Santos MDS, Viveiros M, Martins F, De Almeida RFM. In vitro Evaluation of Isoniazid Derivatives as Potential Agents Against Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:868545. [PMID: 35600870 PMCID: PMC9114799 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.868545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The upsurge of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has toughened the challenge to put an end to this epidemic by 2030. In 2020 the number of deaths attributed to tuberculosis increased as compared to 2019 and newly identified multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases have been stably close to 3%. Such a context stimulated the search for new and more efficient antitubercular compounds, which culminated in the QSAR-oriented design and synthesis of a series of isoniazid derivatives active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. From these, some prospective isonicotinoyl hydrazones and isonicotinoyl hydrazides are studied in this work. To evaluate if the chemical derivatizations are generating compounds with a good performance concerning several in vitro assays, their cytotoxicity against human liver HepG2 cells was determined and their ability to bind human serum albumin was thoroughly investigated. For the two new derivatives presented in this study, we also determined their lipophilicity and activity against both the wild type and an isoniazid-resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis carrying the most prevalent mutation on the katG gene, S315T. All compounds were less cytotoxic than many drugs in clinical use with IC50 values after a 72 h challenge always higher than 25 µM. Additionally, all isoniazid derivatives studied exhibited stronger binding to human serum albumin than isoniazid itself, with dissociation constants in the order of 10−4–10−5 M as opposed to 10−3 M, respectively. This suggests that their transport and half-life in the blood stream are likely improved when compared to the parent compound. Furthermore, our results are a strong indication that the N′ = C bond of the hydrazone derivatives of INH tested is essential for their enhanced activity against the mutant strain of M. tuberculosis in comparison to both their reduced counterparts and INH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Trigo Marquês
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Frazão De Faria
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marina Reis
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Superior de Educação e Ciências (ISEC Lisboa), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Machado
- Unidade de Microbiologia Medica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria da Soledade Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- Unidade de Microbiologia Medica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filomena Martins
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Filomena Martins, ; Rodrigo F. M. De Almeida,
| | - Rodrigo F. M. De Almeida
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Filomena Martins, ; Rodrigo F. M. De Almeida,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ruzgys P, Barauskaitė N, Novickij V, Novickij J, Šatkauskas S. The Evidence of the Bystander Effect after Bleomycin Electrotransfer and Irreversible Electroporation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196001. [PMID: 34641546 PMCID: PMC8512684 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
One of current applications of electroporation is electrochemotherapy and electroablation for local cancer treatment. Both of these electroporation modalities share some similarities with radiation therapy, one of which could be the bystander effect. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of the bystander effect following these electroporation-based treatments. During direct CHO-K1 cell treatment, cells were electroporated using one 100 µs duration square wave electric pulse at 1400 V/cm (for bleomycin electrotransfer) or 2800 V/cm (for irreversible electroporation). To evaluate the bystander effect, the medium was taken from directly treated cells after 24 h incubation and applied on unaffected cells. Six days after the treatment, cell viability and colony sizes were evaluated using the cell colony formation assay. The results showed that the bystander effect after bleomycin electrotransfer had a strong negative impact on cell viability and cell colony size, which decreased to 2.8% and 23.1%, respectively. On the contrary, irreversible electroporation induced a strong positive bystander effect on cell viability, which increased to 149.3%. In conclusion, the results presented may serve as a platform for further analysis of the bystander effect after electroporation-based therapies and may ultimately lead to refined application of these therapies in clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Ruzgys
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos st. 844404, LT-44001 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Neringa Barauskaitė
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos st. 844404, LT-44001 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Naugarduko st. 4103227, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.N.); (J.N.)
| | - Jurij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Naugarduko st. 4103227, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.N.); (J.N.)
| | - Saulius Šatkauskas
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos st. 844404, LT-44001 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.R.); (N.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vižintin A, Marković S, Ščančar J, Miklavčič D. Electroporation with nanosecond pulses and bleomycin or cisplatin results in efficient cell kill and low metal release from electrodes. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 140:107798. [PMID: 33743336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanosecond electric pulses have several potential advantages in electroporation-based procedures over the conventional micro- and millisecond pulses including low level of heating, reduced electrochemical reactions and reduced muscle contractions making them alluring for use in biomedicine and food industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate if nanosecond pulses can enhance the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutics bleomycin and cisplatin in vitro and to quantify metal release from electrodes in comparison to 100 μs pulses commonly used in electrochemotherapy. The effects of nanosecond pulse parameters (voltage, pulse duration, number of pulses) on cell membrane permeabilization, resealing and on cell survival after electroporation only and after electrochemotherapy with bleomycin and cisplatin were evaluated on Chinese hamster ovary cells. Application of permeabilizing nanosecond pulses in combination with chemotherapeutics resulted in successful cell kill. Higher extracellular concentrations of bleomycin - but not cisplatin - were needed to achieve the same decrease in cell survival with nanosecond pulses as with eight 100 μs pulses, however, the tested bleomycin concentrations were still considerably lower compared to doses used in clinical practice. Decreasing the pulse duration from microseconds to nanoseconds and concomitantly increasing the amplitude to achieve the same biological effect resulted in reduced release of aluminum ions from electroporation cuvettes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Vižintin
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stefan Marković
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Ščančar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shiraishi H, Toyoda A. The use of a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide-based colorimetric assay in the viability analysis of the filamentous cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:739-742. [PMID: 33624771 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The applicability of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to an industrially valuable filamentous cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis was examined. When it was applied to A. platensis NIES-39, as few as 10 viable trichomes were quantitatively detected. However, depending on the experimental conditions, it also generated artifactual viability signals. The results should help clarify the scope and limits of the MTT assay in viability analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Akiko Toyoda
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sudden Cell Death Induced by Ca 2+ Delivery via Microbubble Cavitation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010032. [PMID: 33406593 PMCID: PMC7823641 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium ion delivery via sonoporation has been validated to be a substitute for classical chemotherapy. However, the mechanism behind calcium sonoporation remains unclear to this day. To elucidate the role of calcium in the process of sonoporation, we aimed to investigate the influence of different calcium concentration on cell membrane permeabilization and cell viability after sonoporation. In this study, we present experimental evidence that extracellular calcium plays a major role in cell membrane molecular transport after applying ultrasound pulses. Ultrasound-microbubble cavitation in the presence of different calcium concentration affects fundamental cell bio-physio-chemical conditions: cell membrane integrity, metabolic activity, and colony formation. Corresponding vital characteristics were evaluated using three independent viability tests: propidium iodide assay (20 min–3 h), MTT assay (48 h), and cell clonogenic assay (6 d). The results indicate instant cell death, as the level of cell viability was determined to be similar within a 20 min–48 h–6 d period. Inertial cavitation activities have been determined to be directly involved in calcium delivery via sonoporation according to high correlation (R2 > 0.85, p < 0.01) of inertial cavitation dose with change in either cell membrane permeabilization, metabolic activity, and colony formation efficiency. In general, calcium delivery via sonoporation induces rapid cell death, occurring within 20 min after treatment, that is the result of ultrasound mediated microbubble cavitation.
Collapse
|
15
|
Novickij V, Zinkevičienė A, Malyško V, Novickij J, Kulbacka J, Rembialkowska N, Girkontaitė I. Bioluminescence as a sensitive electroporation indicator in sub-microsecond and microsecond range of electrical pulses. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 213:112066. [PMID: 33142215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cell membrane permeabilization in electroporation studies is usually quantified using fluorescent markers such as propidium iodide (PI) or YO-PRO, while Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line frequently serves as a model. In this work, as an alternative, we propose a sensitive methodology for detection and analysis of electroporation phenomenon based on bioluminescence. Luminescent mice myeloma SP2/0 cells (transfected using Luciferase-pcDNA3 plasmid) were used as a cell model. Electroporation has been studied using the 0.1-5 μs × 250 and 100 μs × 1-8 pulsing protocols in 1-2.5 kV/cm PEF range. It was shown that the bioluminescence response is dependent on the cell permeabilization state and can be effectively used to detect even weak permeabilization. During saturated permeabilization the methodology accurately predicts the losses of cell viability due to irreversible electroporation. The results have been superpositioned with permeabilization and pore resealing (1 h post-treatment) data using PI. Also, the viability of the cells was evaluated. Lastly, the SP2/0 tumors have been developed in BALB/C mice and the methodology has been tested in vivo using electrochemotherapy with bleomycin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitalij Novickij
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Auksė Zinkevičienė
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Veronika Malyško
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jurij Novickij
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Nina Rembialkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Irutė Girkontaitė
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jakstys B, Jakutaviciute M, Uzdavinyte D, Satkauskiene I, Satkauskas S. Correlation between the loss of intracellular molecules and cell viability after cell electroporation. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 135:107550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
17
|
Extracellular-Ca 2+-Induced Decrease in Small Molecule Electrotransfer Efficiency: Comparison between Microsecond and Nanosecond Electric Pulses. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050422. [PMID: 32375426 PMCID: PMC7285190 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroporation—a transient electric-field-induced increase in cell membrane permeability—can be used to facilitate the delivery of anticancer drugs for antitumour electrochemotherapy. In recent years, Ca2+ electroporation has emerged as an alternative modality to electrochemotherapy. The antitumor effect of calcium electroporation is achieved as a result of the introduction of supraphysiological calcium doses. However, calcium is also known to play a key role in membrane resealing, potentially altering the pore dynamics and molecular delivery during electroporation. To elucidate the role of calcium for the electrotransfer of small charged molecule into cell we have performed experiments using nano- and micro-second electric pulses. The results demonstrate that extracellular calcium ions inhibit the electrotransfer of small charged molecules. Experiments revealed that this effect is related to an increased rate of membrane resealing. We also employed mathematical modelling methods in order to explain the differences between the CaCl2 effects after the application of nano- and micro-second duration electric pulses. Simulation showed that these differences occur due to the changes in transmembrane voltage generation in response to the increase in specific conductivity when CaCl2 concentration is increased.
Collapse
|
18
|
Larsson P, Engqvist H, Biermann J, Werner Rönnerman E, Forssell-Aronsson E, Kovács A, Karlsson P, Helou K, Parris TZ. Optimization of cell viability assays to improve replicability and reproducibility of cancer drug sensitivity screens. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5798. [PMID: 32242081 PMCID: PMC7118156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer drug development has been riddled with high attrition rates, in part, due to poor reproducibility of preclinical models for drug discovery. Poor experimental design and lack of scientific transparency may cause experimental biases that in turn affect data quality, robustness and reproducibility. Here, we pinpoint sources of experimental variability in conventional 2D cell-based cancer drug screens to determine the effect of confounders on cell viability for MCF7 and HCC38 breast cancer cell lines treated with platinum agents (cisplatin and carboplatin) and a proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib). Variance component analysis demonstrated that variations in cell viability were primarily associated with the choice of pharmaceutical drug and cell line, and less likely to be due to the type of growth medium or assay incubation time. Furthermore, careful consideration should be given to different methods of storing diluted pharmaceutical drugs and use of DMSO controls due to the potential risk of evaporation and the subsequent effect on dose-response curves. Optimization of experimental parameters not only improved data quality substantially but also resulted in reproducible results for bortezomib- and cisplatin-treated HCC38, MCF7, MCF-10A, and MDA-MB-436 cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that replicability (the same analyst re-performs the same experiment multiple times) and reproducibility (different analysts perform the same experiment using different experimental conditions) for cell-based drug screens can be improved by identifying potential confounders and subsequent optimization of experimental parameters for each cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Larsson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Engqvist
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jana Biermann
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Werner Rönnerman
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Forssell-Aronsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anikó Kovács
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Karlsson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Khalil Helou
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Toshima Z Parris
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hussain S, Ullah F, Sadiq A, Ayaz M, Shah AUHA, Ali Shah SA, Shah SM, Nadhman A, Ullah F, Wadood A, El-Shazly M. Cytotoxicity of Anchusa arvensis Against HepG-2 Cell Lines: Mechanistic and Computational Approaches. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 19:2805-2813. [PMID: 31702502 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191105103801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer is a devastating cancer with increasing incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Plants possess numerous therapeutic properties, therefore the search for novel, naturally occurring cytotoxic compounds is urgently needed. METHODS The anticancer activity of plant extracts and isolated compounds from Anchusa arvensis (A. arvensis) were studied against the cell culture of HepG-2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines) using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-yl)-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was investigated by performing Acridine orange -ethidium bromide staining, styox green assay and DNA interaction study. We also used tools for computational chemistry studies of isolated compounds with the tyrosine kinase. RESULTS In MTT assay, the crude extract caused a significant cytotoxic effect with IC50 of 34.14 ± 0.9 μg/ml against HepG-2 cell lines. Upon fractionation, chloroform fraction (Aa.Chm) exhibited the highest antiproliferative activity with IC50 6.55 ± 1.2 μg/ml followed by ethyl acetate (Aa.Et) fraction (IC50, 24.59 ± 0.85 μg/ml) and n-hexane (Aa.Hex) fraction (IC50 29.53 ± 1.5μg/ml). However, the aqueous (Aa.Aq) fraction did not show any anti-proliferative activity. Bioactivity-guided isolation led to the isolation of two compounds which were characterized as para-methoxycatechol (1) and decane (2) through various spectroscopic techniques. Against HepG-2 cells, compound 1 showed marked potency with IC50 6.03 ± 0.75 μg/ml followed by 2 with IC50 18.52 ± 1.9 μg/ml. DMSO was used as a negative control and doxorubicin as a reference standard (IC50 1.3 ± 0.21 μg/ml). It was observed that compounds 1-2 caused apoptotic cell death evaluated by Acridine orange -ethidium bromide staining, styox green assay and DNA interaction study, therefore both compounds were tested for molecular docking studies against tyrosine kinase to support cytotoxic activity. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the plant extracts and isolated compounds possess promising antiproliferative activity against HepG-2 cell lines via apoptotic cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Malakand, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Malakand, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Malakand, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Malakand, Pakistan
| | | | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Research Institute of Natural Products for Drug Discovery (RiND), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Syed Majid Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Malakand, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Nadhman
- Institute of Integrative Biosciences IIB, CECOS University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hussain S, Ullah F, Ayaz M, Ali Shah SA, Ali Shah AUH, Shah SM, Wadood A, Aman W, Ullah R, Shahat AA, Nasr FA. In Silico, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Potential of Novel Ester, 3-hydroxyoctyl -5 - trans-docosenoate Isolated from Anchusa arvensis (L.) M.Bieb. Against HepG-2 Cancer Cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:4195-4205. [PMID: 31849451 PMCID: PMC6911335 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s228971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancer is one of the chronic health conditions worldwide. Various therapeutically active compounds from medicinal plants were the current focus of this research in order to uncover a treatment regimen for cancer. Anchusa arvensis (A. anchusa) (L.) M.Bieb. contains many biologically active compounds. Methods In the current study, new ester 3-hydroxyoctyl -5- trans-docosenoate (compound-1) was isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of A. anchusa using column chromatography. Using MTT assay, the anticancer effect of the compound was determined in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG-2) compared with normal epithelial cell line (Vero). DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays were performed to assess the antioxidant potential. The Molecular Operating Environment (MOE-2016) tool was used against tyrosine kinase. Results The structure of the compound was elucidated based on IR, EI, and NMR spectroscopy technique. It exhibited a considerable cytotoxic effect against HepG-2 cell lines with IC50 value of 6.50 ± 0.70 µg/mL in comparison to positive control (doxorubicin) which showed IC50 value of 1.3±0.21 µg/mL. The compound did not show a cytotoxic effect against normal epithelial cell line (Vero). The compound also exhibited significant DPHH scavenging ability with IC50 value of 12 ± 0.80 µg/mL, whereas ascorbic acid, used as positive control, demonstrated activity with IC50 = 05 ± 0.15 µg/mL. Similarly, it showed ABTS radical scavenging ability (IC50 = 130 ± 0.20 µg/mL) compared with the value obtained for ascorbic acid (06 ± 0.85 µg/mL). In docking studies using MOE-2016 tool, it was observed that compound-1 was highly bound to tyrosine kinase by having two hydrogen bonds at the hinge region. This good bonding network by the compound might be one of the reasons for showing significant activity against this enzyme. Conclusion Our findings led to the isolation of a new compound from A. anchusa which has significant cytotoxic activity against HepG-2 cell lines with marked antioxidant potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Malakand, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Malakand, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Malakand, Pakistan
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Research Institute of Natural Products for Drug Discovery (RiND), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | | | - Syed Majid Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Malakand, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Aman
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy (Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelaaty A Shahat
- Department of Pharmacognosy (Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fahd A Nasr
- Department of Pharmacognosy (Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
A Novel Method for Controlled Gene Expression via Combined Bleomycin and Plasmid DNA Electrotransfer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164047. [PMID: 31430949 PMCID: PMC6720528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy is an efficient method for the local treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases, but its efficacy as a systemic treatment remains low. The application of gene electrotransfer (GET) to transfer DNA coding for immune system modulating molecules could allow for a systemic effect, but its applications are limited because of possible side effects, e.g., immune system overactivation and autoimmune response. In this paper, we present the simultaneous electrotransfer of bleomycin and plasmid DNA as a method to increase the systemic effect of bleomycin-based electrochemotherapy. With appropriately selected concentrations of bleomycin and plasmid DNA, it is possible to achieve efficient cell transfection while killing cells via the cytotoxic effect of bleomycin at later time points. We also show the dynamics of both cell electrotransfection and cell death after the simultaneous electrotransfer of bleomycin and plasmid DNA. Therefore, this method could have applications in achieving the transient, cell death-controlled expression of immune system activating genes while retaining efficient bleomycin mediated cell killing.
Collapse
|
22
|
The use of high-frequency short bipolar pulses in cisplatin electrochemotherapy in vitro. Radiol Oncol 2019; 53:194-205. [PMID: 31194692 PMCID: PMC6572501 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2019-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In electrochemotherapy (ECT), chemotherapeutics are first administered, followed by short 100 μs monopolar pulses. However, these pulses cause pain and muscle contractions. It is thus necessary to administer muscle relaxants, general anesthesia and synchronize pulses with the heart rhythm of the patient, which makes the treatment more complex. It was suggested in ablation with irreversible electroporation, that bursts of short high-frequency bipolar pulses could alleviate these problems. Therefore, we designed our study to verify if it is possible to use high-frequency bipolar pulses (HF-EP pulses) in electrochemotherapy. Materials and methods We performed in vitro experiments on mouse skin melanoma (B16-F1) cells by adding 1–330 μM cisplatin and delivering either (a) eight 100 μs long monopolar pulses, 0.4–1.2 kV/cm, 1 Hz (ECT pulses) or (b) eight bursts at 1 Hz, consisting of 50 bipolar pulses. One bipolar pulse consisted of a series of 1 μs long positive and 1 μs long negative pulse (0.5–5 kV/cm) with a 1 μs delay in-between. Results With both types of pulses, the combination of electric pulses and cisplatin was more efficient in killing cells than cisplatin or electric pulses only. However, we needed to apply a higher electric field in HF-EP (3 kV/cm) than in ECT (1.2 kV/cm) to obtain comparable cytotoxicity. Conclusions It is possible to use HF-EP in electrochemotherapy; however, at the expense of applying higher electric fields than in classical ECT. The results obtained, nevertheless, offer an evidence that HF-EP could be used in electrochemotherapy with potentially alleviated muscle contractions and pain.
Collapse
|
23
|
Comparison of cell-based assays to quantify treatment effects of anticancer drugs identifies a new application for Bodipy-L-cystine to measure apoptosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16363. [PMID: 30397244 PMCID: PMC6218539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based assays that measure anticancer drug effects are essential for evaluating chemotherapeutic agents. Many assays targeting various cellular mechanisms are available, leading to inconsistent results when using different techniques. We critically compared six common assays, as well as a new assay using Bodipy.FL.L-cystine (BFC), to identify the most accurate and reproducible in measuring anticancer drug effects. We tested three common chemotherapies (methotrexate, paclitaxel, and etoposide) in two cell lines (Ln229 and MDA-MB231). Spectroscopic assays such as Cell Titer Blue, and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) yielded a strong drug dose response, especially for paclitaxel and etoposide (R2 = 0.9). MTT and Calcein-AM fluorescent dye-based assays were less consistent in that regard. Among three flow cytometry assays, Propidium Iodide (PI)-based DNA content analysis and a new BFC-based glutathione-redox (GSH) assay produced drug dose dependent results. Compared to PI, BFC showed a better correlation (R2 = 0.7–0.9) in depicting live and apoptotic cells. We found that the combination of Cell Titer Blue spectroscopy and BFC flow cytometry assays were most accurate in assessing anticancer drug effects by clear distinction between live and apoptotic cells, independent of drug mechanism of action. We present a new application of BFC as an agent for measuring cellular apoptosis.
Collapse
|
24
|
Batista Napotnik T, Miklavčič D. In vitro electroporation detection methods – An overview. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 120:166-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
25
|
Boehringer S, Ruzgys P, Tamò L, Šatkauskas S, Geiser T, Gazdhar A, Hradetzky D. A new electrospray method for targeted gene delivery. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4031. [PMID: 29507307 PMCID: PMC5838090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A challenge for gene therapy is absence of safe and efficient local delivery of therapeutic genetic material. An efficient and reproducible physical method of electrospray for localized and targeted gene delivery is presented. Electrospray works on the principle of coulombs repulsion, under influence of electric field the liquid carrying genetic material is dispersed into micro droplets and is accelerated towards the targeted tissue, acting as a counter electrode. The accelerated droplets penetrate the targeted cells thus facilitating the transfer of genetic material into the cell. The work described here presents the principle of electrospray for gene delivery, the basic instrument design, and the various optimized parameters to enhance gene transfer in vitro. We estimate a transfection efficiency of up to 60% was achieved. We describe an efficient gene transfer method and a potential electrospray-mediated gene transfer mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Boehringer
- Institute for Medical and Analytical Technologies, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Paulius Ruzgys
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Biophysical Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Luca Tamò
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Saulius Šatkauskas
- Biophysical Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amiq Gazdhar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - David Hradetzky
- Institute for Medical and Analytical Technologies, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Novickij V, Švedienė J, Paškevičius A, Markovskaja S, Girkontaitė I, Zinkevičienė A, Lastauskienė E, Novickij J. Pulsed electric field-assisted sensitization of multidrug-resistant Candida albicans to antifungal drugs. Future Microbiol 2017; 13:535-546. [PMID: 29227694 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Determine the influence of pH on the inactivation efficiency of Candida albicans in pulsed electric fields (PEF) and evaluate the possibilities for sensitization of a drug-resistant strain to antifungal drugs. MATERIALS & METHODS The effects of PEF (2.5-25 kVcm-1) with fluconazole, terbinafine and naftifine were analyzed at a pH range of 3.0-9.0. Membrane permeabilization was determined by flow cytometry and propidium iodide. RESULTS PEF induced higher inactivation of C. albicans at low pH and increased sensitivity to terbinafine and naftifine to which the strain was initially resistant. Up to 5 log reduction in cell survival was achieved. CONCLUSION A proof of concept that electroporation can be used to sensitize drug-resistant microorganisms was presented, which is promising for treating biofilm-associated infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitalij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Naugarduko St 41, 03227 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Švedienė
- Laboratory of Biodeterioration Research, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algimantas Paškevičius
- Laboratory of Biodeterioration Research, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.,Laboratory of Microbiology of the Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Clinics, Santariškių St 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Svetlana Markovskaja
- Laboratory of Mycology, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų ežerų St 49, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Irutė Girkontaitė
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology, Santariškių St 5, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Auksė Zinkevičienė
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology, Santariškių St 5, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eglė Lastauskienė
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jurij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Naugarduko St 41, 03227 Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Calcein Release from Cells In Vitro via Reversible and Irreversible Electroporation. J Membr Biol 2017; 251:119-130. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-017-0005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
28
|
Ruzgys P, Tamošiūnas M, Lukinsone V, Šatkauskas S. FRET-based method for evaluation of the efficiency of reversible and irreversible sonoporation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-6. [PMID: 28914010 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.9.097001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is widely known that not all of the treated cells survive after introduction of exogenous molecules via any physical method. Therefore, it is important to develop methods that would allow simultaneous evaluation of both molecular delivery efficiency and cell viability. This study presents Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based method that allows molecular transfer and cell viability evaluation in a single measurement by employing two common fluorescent dyes, namely, ethidium bromide and trypan blue. The method has been validated using cell sonoporation. The FRET-based method allows the efficiency evaluation of both reversible and irreversible sonoporation in a single experiment. Therefore, this method could be used to reduce time, labor, and material cost while improving the accuracy of evaluations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Ruzgys
- Vytautas Magnus University, Biophysical Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Tamošiūnas
- Vytautas Magnus University, Biophysical Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vanesa Lukinsone
- University of Latvia, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, Riga, Latvia
| | - Saulius Šatkauskas
- Vytautas Magnus University, Biophysical Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hu Q, Wei J, Liu Y, Fei X, Hao Y, Pei D, Di D. Discovery and identification of potential biomarkers for alcohol-induced oxidative stress based on cellular metabolomics. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 27925248 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers involved in alcohol-induced oxidative stress play an important role in alcoholic liver disease prevention and diagnosis. Alcohol-induced oxidative stress in human liver L-02 cells was used to discover the potential biomarkers. Metabolites from L-02 cells induced by alcohol were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Fourteen metabolites that allowed discrimination between control and model groups were discovered by multivariate statistical data analysis (i.e. principal components analysis, orthogonal partial least-squares discriminate analysis). Based on the retention time, UV spectrum and LC-MS findings of the samples and compared with the authentic standards, eight biomarkers involved in alcohol-induced oxidative stress, namely, malic acid, oxidized glutathione, γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, adenosine triphosphate, phenylalanine, adenosine monophosphate, nitrotyrosine and tryptophan, were identified. These biomarkers offered important targets for disease diagnosis and other researches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Hu
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Center of Resource Chemical and New Material, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianteng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Center of Resource Chemical and New Material, Qingdao, China
| | - Yewei Liu
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiulan Fei
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Hao
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dong Pei
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Center of Resource Chemical and New Material, Qingdao, China
| | - Duolong Di
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Center of Resource Chemical and New Material, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cryopreservation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Combination with Trehalose and Reversible Electroporation. J Membr Biol 2016; 250:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-016-9916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
31
|
Tamošiūnas M, Mir LM, Chen WS, Lihachev A, Venslauskas M, Šatkauskas S. Intracellular Delivery of Bleomycin by Combined Application of Electroporation and Sonoporation in Vitro. J Membr Biol 2016; 249:677-689. [PMID: 27317391 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-016-9911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine whether the combination of electroporation (EP) and ultrasound (US) waves (sonoporation) can result in an increased intracellular delivery of anticancer drug bleomycin. CHO cells were treated with electric pulses (1 or 8 high voltage pulses of 800 or 1200 V/cm, 100 μs or 1 low voltage pulse of 100 or 250 V/cm, 100 ms) and with 880 kHz US of 320 or 500 kPa peak negative pressure, 100 % duty cycle, applied for 2 s in the presence or absence of exogenously added contrast agent microbubbles. Various sequential or simultaneous combinations of EP and sonoporation were used. The results of the study showed that i) sequential treatment of cells by EP and sonoporation enhanced bleomycin electrosonotransfer at the reduced energy of electric field and US; ii) sequential combination of EP and sonoporation induced a summation effect which at some conditions was more prominent when the cells were treated first by EP and then by sonoporation; iii) the most efficient intracellular delivery of bleomycin was achieved by the simultaneous application of cell EP and sonoporation resulting in percentage of reversibly porated cells above the summation level; and iv) compared with sequential application of EP and sonoporation, simultaneous use of electric pulses and US increased cell viability in the absence of bleomycin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mindaugas Tamošiūnas
- Biophysical research group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos 8, 44404, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lluis M Mir
- Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, UMR 8203, Univ. Paris-Sud Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Wen-Shiang Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexey Lihachev
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia
| | - Mindaugas Venslauskas
- Biophysical research group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos 8, 44404, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Šatkauskas
- Biophysical research group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos 8, 44404, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|