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Supuran CT. Drug interactions of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and activators. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:143-155. [PMID: 38450431 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2328152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) have been established drug targets for decades, with their inhibitors and activators possessing relevant pharmacological activity and applications in various fields. At least 11 sulfonamides/sulfamates are clinically used as diuretics, antiglaucoma, antiepileptic, or antiobesity agents and one derivative, SLC-0111, is in clinical trials as antitumor/antimetastatic agent. The activators were less investigated with no clinically used agent. AREAS COVERED Drug interactions between CA inhibitors/activators and various other agents are reviewed in publications from the period March 2020 - January 2024. EXPERT OPINION Drug interactions involving these agents revealed several interesting findings. Acetazolamide plus loop diuretics is highy effective in acute decompensated heart failure, whereas ocular diseases such as X-linked retinoschisis and macular edema were treated by acetazolamide plus bevacizumab or topical NSAIDs. Potent anti-infective effects of acetazolamide and other CAIs, alone or in combination with other agents were demonstrated for the management of Neisseria gonorrhoea, vancomycin resistant enterococci, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Trichinella spiralis, and Cryptococcus neoformans infections. Topiramate, in combination with phentermine is incresingly used for the management of obesity, whereas zonisamide plus levodopa is highly effective for Parkinson's disease. Acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide, and SLC-0111 showed synergistic antitumor/antimetastatic action in combination with many other antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
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2
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Gržinić G, Piotrowicz-Cieślak A, Klimkowicz-Pawlas A, Górny RL, Ławniczek-Wałczyk A, Piechowicz L, Olkowska E, Potrykus M, Tankiewicz M, Krupka M, Siebielec G, Wolska L. Intensive poultry farming: A review of the impact on the environment and human health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160014. [PMID: 36368402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Poultry farming is one of the most efficient animal husbandry methods and it provides nutritional security to a significant number of the world population. Using modern intensive farming techniques, global production has reached 133.4 mil. t in 2020, with a steady growth each year. Such intensive growth methods however lead to a significant environmental footprint. Waste materials such as poultry litter and manure can pose a serious threat to environmental and human health, and need to be managed properly. Poultry production and waste by-products are linked to NH3, N2O and CH4 emissions, and have an impact on global greenhouse gas emissions, as well as animal and human health. Litter and manure can contain pesticide residues, microorganisms, pathogens, pharmaceuticals (antibiotics), hormones, metals, macronutrients (at improper ratios) and other pollutants which can lead to air, soil and water contamination as well as formation of antimicrobial/multidrug resistant strains of pathogens. Dust emitted from intensive poultry production operations contains feather and skin fragments, faeces, feed particles, microorganisms and other pollutants, which can adversely impact poultry health as well as the health of farm workers and nearby inhabitants. Fastidious odours are another problem that can have an adverse impact on health and quality of life of workers and surrounding population. This study discusses the current knowledge on the impact of intensive poultry farming on environmental and human health, as well as taking a look at solutions for a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gržinić
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębowa Str. 23A, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Piotrowicz-Cieślak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Str. 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Czartoryskich Str. 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Rafał L Górny
- Laboratory of Biohazards, Department of Chemical, Aerosol and Biological Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska Str. 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ławniczek-Wałczyk
- Laboratory of Biohazards, Department of Chemical, Aerosol and Biological Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska Str. 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Piechowicz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębowa Str. 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Olkowska
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębowa Str. 23A, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Potrykus
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębowa Str. 23A, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Tankiewicz
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębowa Str. 23A, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Krupka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Str. 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Siebielec
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Czartoryskich Str. 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Lidia Wolska
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębowa Str. 23A, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
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3
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Menezes-Oliveira V, Loureiro S, Amorim MJB, Wrona F, Soares AMVM. Hazard assessment of the veterinary pharmaceuticals monensin and nicarbazin using a soil test battery. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:3145-3153. [PMID: 30183095 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary pharmaceuticals are widely used as food additives in the poultry industry, and the unknown consequences of releasing these compounds into the environment are of concern. The purpose of the present study was to determine the direct impact of 2 veterinary pharmaceuticals (nicarbazin and monensin), commonly used in the poultry industry, on nontarget invertebrates and plant species. Ecotoxicological tests were used to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity in earthworms (Eisenia andrei), collembolans (Folsomia candida), and 2 plant species (Brassica rapa and Triticum aestivum). Chemical analytical measurements were in good agreement with the nominal concentrations used, although some variability was seen. The results obtained showed no effects of nicarbazin at the highest nominal tested concentration of 1000 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight on any of the organisms, whereas exposure to monensin caused a concentration-specific response pattern. Species sensitivity to monensin decreased in the following rank order: B. rapa > T. aestivum > E. andrei > F. candida, with measured median effect concentrations (based on soil exposure) ranging between approximately 10 and 120 mg/kg. Our results emphasize the importance of using a test battery when assessing ecotoxicological effects by using different ecophysiological endpoints and species from different trophic levels. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:3145-3153. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Menezes-Oliveira
- Department of Biology and Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - S Loureiro
- Department of Biology and Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M J B Amorim
- Department of Biology and Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - F Wrona
- Environmental Monitoring and Science Division, Alberta Environment and Parks, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - A M V M Soares
- Department of Biology and Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Kadykalo S, Roberts T, Thompson M, Wilson J, Lang M, Espeisse O. The value of anticoccidials for sustainable global poultry production. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 51:304-310. [PMID: 28935212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is a self-limiting disease that is universally present in poultry operations, causing extensive damage to the intestinal lining of the bird. Global economic losses from coccidiosis are estimated to be $3 billion per year. In-feed anticoccidial use has been the predominant form of coccidiosis control. However, due to widespread emergence of antimicrobial resistance, concerns have been raised regarding the safety of anticoccidials and the potential impact on human, animal, and environmental health. To investigate the benefits, risks, and alternatives to anticoccidial use, a comprehensive review of recent literature was conducted. Several live vaccines are available, which, when used in combination with anticoccidials, have been shown to help restore sensitivity of infective parasites. However, their use has been limited because of increased cost; increased susceptibility to bacterial enteritis; challenges with consistent application; and slow development of immunity. Various alternative feed products are available, but do not have a direct anticoccidial effect, and few studies have demonstrated consistent field efficacy of these products. Consumer and environmental safety of anticoccidials is monitored and assessed by governing bodies. Furthermore, there is a lack of current evidence to indicate that bacterial resistance poses a public health concern. The findings from this review indicate that in the absence of alternatives, poultry production is optimized by using anticoccidials, benefiting all three pillars of sustainability, including social (bird health, welfare, and food safety), economic (production efficiency), and environmental aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kadykalo
- Novometrix Research Inc., 4564 Nassagaweya-Puslinch Townline, Moffat, Ontario, L0P 1J, Canada
| | - Tara Roberts
- Novometrix Research Inc., 4564 Nassagaweya-Puslinch Townline, Moffat, Ontario, L0P 1J, Canada.
| | - Michelle Thompson
- Novometrix Research Inc., 4564 Nassagaweya-Puslinch Townline, Moffat, Ontario, L0P 1J, Canada
| | - Jeff Wilson
- Novometrix Research Inc., 4564 Nassagaweya-Puslinch Townline, Moffat, Ontario, L0P 1J, Canada; Population Medicine Department, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Marcelo Lang
- Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, Greenfield, Indianapolis, 46140, USA
| | - Olivier Espeisse
- Elanco Animal Health, 24 Boulevard Vital Bouhot, 92220, Neuilly, Seine, France
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5
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Thouvenot L, Deleu C, Berardocco S, Haury J, Thiébaut G. Characterization of the salt stress vulnerability of three invasive freshwater plant species using a metabolic profiling approach. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 175:113-121. [PMID: 25544588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of salt stress on freshwater plants has been little studied up to now, despite the fact that they are expected to present different levels of salt sensitivity or salt resistance depending on the species. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of NaCl at two concentrations on three invasive freshwater species, Elodea canadensis, Myriophyllum aquaticum and Ludwigia grandiflora, by examining morphological and physiological parameters and using metabolic profiling. The growth rate (biomass and stem length) was reduced for all species, whatever the salt treatment, but the response to salt differed between the three species, depending on the NaCl concentration. For E. canadensis, the physiological traits and metabolic profiles were only slightly modified in response to salt, whereas M. aquaticum and L. grandiflora showed great changes. In both of these species, root number, photosynthetic pigment content, amino acids and carbohydrate metabolism were affected by the salt treatments. Moreover, we are the first to report the salt-induced accumulation of compatible solutes in both species. Indeed, in response to NaCl, L. grandiflora mainly accumulated sucrose. The response of M. aquaticum was more complex, because it accumulated not only sucrose and myo-inositol whatever the level of salt stress, but also amino acids such as proline and GABA, but only at high NaCl concentrations. These responses are the metabolic responses typically found in terrestrial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Thouvenot
- University of Rennes 1, UMR 6553 CNRS-Université Rennes 1, Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution (ECOBIO), avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes, France; Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR Agrocampus Ouest/INRA-Ecologie et sante des écosystèmes (ESE), rue de St Brieuc, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Carole Deleu
- University of Rennes 1, UMR 1349 INRA-Agrocampus Ouest-Université Rennes 1, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Solenne Berardocco
- University of Rennes 1, UMR 1349 INRA-Agrocampus Ouest-Université Rennes 1, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Jacques Haury
- Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR Agrocampus Ouest/INRA-Ecologie et sante des écosystèmes (ESE), rue de St Brieuc, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Gabrielle Thiébaut
- University of Rennes 1, UMR 6553 CNRS-Université Rennes 1, Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution (ECOBIO), avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes, France.
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6
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Sun P, Huang CH, Pavlostathis SG. Inhibition and biotransformation potential of veterinary ionophore antibiotics under different redox conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:13146-13154. [PMID: 25340528 DOI: 10.1021/es503005m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary ionophore antibiotics (IPAs) are polyether compounds used extensively in the livestock industry to promote animal growth and prevent coccidia infection. However, the environmental fate and impact of IPAs are not fully understood. In this study, the inhibition and biotransformation potential of the most commonly used IPAs, monensin (MON) and salinomycin (SAL), were investigated under well-defined aerobic, nitrate-reducing, fermentative/sulfate-reducing, and fermentative/methanogenic conditions. Batch assays were conducted with mixed cultures developed from poultry litter (PL), PL-fertilized soil, and municipal anaerobic sludge. Significant transformation of MON and SAL was observed in aerobic, low-buffer capacity culture series as a result of abiotic acid-catalyzed IPAs hydrolysis induced by nitrification. Biotransformation of IPAs was the main transformation process in aerobic, high-buffer capacity culture series. MON persisted under fermentative/sulfate-reducing conditions, whereas SAL was transformed by fermentative bacteria. Both MON and SAL were stable under nitrate-reducing and methanogenic conditions. At IPAs concentrations up to 1 mg/L, MON inhibited only methanogenesis, whereas SAL did not impact any of the biological processes investigated in this study. Multiple, new primary IPA biotransformation products were observed on LC/MS, and their molecular structures were tentatively identified by analyzing LC/MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Overall, MON and SAL exhibited different inhibition and biotransformation patterns at each redox condition tested, which could greatly influence their fate and impact upon their release into the environment as a result of agricultural activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhe Sun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Sun P, Pavlostathis SG, Huang CH. Photodegradation of veterinary ionophore antibiotics under UV and solar irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:13188-13196. [PMID: 25343749 DOI: 10.1021/es5034525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The veterinary ionophore antibiotics (IPAs) are extensively used as coccidiostats and growth promoters and are released to the environment via land application of animal waste. Due to their propensity to be transported with runoff, IPAs likely end up in surface waters where they are subject to photodegradation. This study is among the first to investigate the photodegradation of three commonly used IPAs, monensin (MON), salinomycin (SAL) and narasin (NAR), under UV and solar irradiation. Results showed that MON was persistent in a deionized (DI) water matrix when exposed to UV and sunlight, whereas SAL and NAR could undergo direct photolysis with a high quantum yield. Water components including nitrate and dissolved organic matter had a great impact on the photodegradation of IPAs. A pseudosteady state kinetic model was successfully applied to predict IPAs' photodegradation rates in real water matrices. Applying LC/MS/MS, multiple photolytic transformation products of IPAs were observed and their structures were proposed. The direct photolysis of SAL and NAR occurred via cleavage on the ketone moiety and self-sensitized photolysis. With the presence of nitrate, MON was primarily degraded by hydroxyl radicals, whereas SAL showed reactivity toward both hydroxyl and nitrogen-dioxide radicals. Additionally, toxicity tests showed that photodegradation of SAL eliminated its antibiotic properties against Bacillus subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhe Sun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Winkworth CL, Lear G. Antimicrobial potential of the ionophore monensin on freshwater biofilm bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:10139-10150. [PMID: 24809489 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2911-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms play key roles in stream ecosystems, but comparatively little is known about the resilience of freshwater bacterial communities and their susceptibility to the chemical by-products of agricultural land use. Antibiotics used in the agricultural sector are of particular concern and have been detected in waterways associated with agricultural land. Despite widespread agricultural intensification globally and the sector's high antibiotic use, the effects of agricultural antibiotic by-products on stream microbial communities have yet to be characterised. We investigated the impacts of the antibiotic monensin on microbial biofilm communities in a simulated contamination event using streamside-replicated channels. A 24-h pulse experiment in flow channels precolonised by stream biofilm microbial communities contrasted the effects of monensin concentrations ranging from realistic to extreme toxicity levels (1-550 ug L(-1)). Biofilm community composition was characterised immediately before and after the pulse for several weeks using automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis. Despite applying acutely toxic levels of monensin, only limited effects to biofilm community composition were detected immediately after antibiotic application, and these disappeared within 4 days. Rather, temporal factors drove biofilm differences, highlighting the overriding importance of wider, catchment-level, physiochemical hydrological influences on structuring freshwater biofilm communities, as opposed to localised and sporadic agricultural surface runoff contamination events containing antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Winkworth
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand,
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Sun P, Cabrera ML, Huang CH, Pavlostathis SG. Biodegradation of veterinary ionophore antibiotics in broiler litter and soil microcosms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:2724-2731. [PMID: 24494860 DOI: 10.1021/es404619q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionophore antibiotics (IPAs) are polyether compounds used in broiler feed to promote growth and control coccidiosis. Most of the ingested IPAs are excreted into broiler litter (BL), a mixture of excreta and bedding material. BL is considered a major source of IPAs released into the environment as BL is commonly used to fertilize agricultural fields. This study investigated IPA biodegradation in BL and soil microcosms, as a process affecting the fate of IPAs in the environment. The study focused on the most widely used IPAs, monensin (MON), salinomycin (SAL), and narasin (NAR). MON was stable in BL microcosms at 24-72% water content (water/wet litter, w/w) and 35-60 °C, whereas SAL and NAR degraded under certain conditions. Factor analysis was conducted to delineate the interaction of water and temperature on SAL and NAR degradation in the BL. A major transformation product of SAL and NAR was identified. Abiotic reaction(s) were primarily responsible for the degradation of MON and SAL in nonfertilized soil microcosms, whereas biodegradation contributed significantly in BL-fertilized soil microcosms. SAL biotransformation in soil microcosms yielded the same product as in the BL microcosms. A new primary biotransformation product of MON was identified in soil microcosms. A field study showed that MON and SAL were stable during BL stacking, whereas MON degraded after BL was applied to grassland. The biotransformation product of MON was also detected in the top soil layer where BL was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhe Sun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Sun P, Barmaz D, Cabrera ML, Pavlostathis SG, Huang CH. Detection and quantification of ionophore antibiotics in runoff, soil and poultry litter. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1312:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sun P, Yao H, Minakata D, Crittenden JC, Pavlostathis SG, Huang CH. Acid-catalyzed transformation of ionophore veterinary antibiotics: reaction mechanism and product implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:6781-6789. [PMID: 23373828 DOI: 10.1021/es3044517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ionophore antibiotics (IPAs) are polyether antimicrobials widely used in the livestock industry and may enter the environment via land application of animal waste and agricultural runoff. Information is scarce regarding potential transformation of IPAs under environmental conditions. This study is among the first to identify the propensity of IPAs to undergo acid-catalyzed transformation in mildly acidic aquatic systems and characterize the reactions in depth. The study focused on the most widely used monensin (MON) and salinomycin (SAL), and also included narasin (NAR) in the investigation. All three IPAs are susceptible to acid-catalyzed transformation. MON reacts much more slowly than SAL and NAR and exhibits a different kinetic behavior that is further evaluated by a reversible reaction kinetic model. Extensive product characterization identifies that the spiro-ketal group of IPAs is the reactive site for the acid-catalyzed hydrolytic transformation, yielding predominantly isomeric and other products. Toxicity evaluation of the transformation products shows that the products retain some antimicrobial properties. The occurrence of IPAs and isomeric transformation products is also observed in poultry litter and agricultural runoff samples. Considering the common presence of mildly acidic environments (pH 4-7) in soils and waters, the acid-catalyzed transformation identified in this study likely plays an important role in the environmental fate of IPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhe Sun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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12
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de Jourdan BP, Hanson ML, Muir DCG, Solomon KR. Environmental fate of three novel brominated flame retardants in aquatic mesocosms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:1060-1068. [PMID: 23400845 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, little is known about the environmental fate and persistence of novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs). The recent detection of NBFRs in sediment cores and air samples provides insight into their persistence and potential for transport. Limited numbers of laboratory studies have examined the fate and behavior of these compounds, but field-based fate studies have been especially lacking. The authors conducted an aquatic mesocosm experiment to assess the behavior of three NBFRs: bis(tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether; TBBPA-DBPE), and Firemaster BZ-54, a commercial mixture containing bis(2-ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalate (BEHTBP) and 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EHTeBB) in a ratio of 1:4. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, operated in the electron capture negative ionization mode, revealed partitioning between the particulate and sediment phases, with BTBPE, TBBPA-DBPE, and BEHTBP identified as being environmentally persistent in both the particulate and the sediment compartments. The median dissipation times (DT50) differed in each compartment, with more rapid disappearance in the particulate (9-30 d) compared with the sediment compartment (>100 d) for each compound. The degradation products were more concentrated in the particulate compartment and corresponded to known photodegradation products. The ratio of EHTeBB to BEHTBP differed in the mesocosm compartments compared with the technical product used for treatment, indicating increased degradation of EHTeBB relative to BETHBP.
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Kurwadkar S, Sicking V, Lambert B, McFarland A, Mitchell F. Preliminary studies on occurrence of monensin antibiotic in Bosque River Watershed. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:268-273. [PMID: 23596945 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Water quality impact due to excessive nutrients has been extensively studied. In recent years, however, micro-pollutants such as pharmaceuticals and hormonal products used in animal agriculture have added an additional impact to overall water quality. Pharmaceuticals used in the poultry, swine, beef, and dairy industries have been detected in various environmental matrices such as, soil, groundwater and surface water. In this study, 26 surface water samples were collected throughout the Bosque River Watershed (BRW) with samples representing a range of land use conditions and locations of major dairy operations. Samples were analyzed using commercially available Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay test. Of the 26 samples, three samples consistently tested positive for monensin antibiotic with concentration ranging from 0.30 to 3.41 microg/L. These three samples were collected from sites that received varying amount of agriculture wastes (11.7% to 31.3%) and located downstream from sites associated with moderate levels of animal agriculture. The preliminary results suggest that there is a potential for monensin occurrence in the BRW, although initial findings indicate only very low levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Kurwadkar
- Environmental Engineering, Department of Engineering and Physics, Box T-0390, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX 76402, USA.
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14
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Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of Coxidin® (monensin sodium) as a feed additive for chickens reared for laying. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Hussain SA, Prasher SO, Chenier M, Arya G. Removal of nitrate-N by antibiotic exposed bacterial isolates from constructed wetlands. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chapman H, Jeffers T, Williams R. Forty years of monensin for the control of coccidiosis in poultry. Poult Sci 2010; 89:1788-801. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Hansen M, Krogh KA, Björklund E, Halling-Sørensen B, Brandt A. Environmental risk assessment of ionophores. Trends Analyt Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2009.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kümmerer K. Antibiotics in the aquatic environment--a review--part I. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 75:417-34. [PMID: 19185900 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2094] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Although antibiotics have been used in large quantities for some decades, until recently the existence of these substances in the environment has received little notice. It is only in recent years that a more complex investigation of antibiotic substances has been undertaken in order to permit an assessment of the environmental risks they may pose. Within the last decade an increasing number of studies covering antibiotic input, occurrence, fate and effects have been published, but there is still a lack of understanding and knowledge about antibiotics in the aquatic environment despite the numerous studies performed. This review addresses the present state of knowledge concerning the input, occurrence, fate and effects of antibiotics in the environment. It brings up important questions that are still open, and addresses some significant issues which must be tackled in the future for a better understanding of the behavior of antibiotics in the environment, as well as the risks associated with their occurrence. Questions related to resistance in the environment that may be caused by antibiotics will be addressed in the second part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Kümmerer
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 115B, D-79106 Freiburg i.Br, Germany.
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Hanson ML, Arts GHP. Improving regulatory risk assessment--using aquatic macrophytes. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2007; 3:466-7. [PMID: 17695122 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.5630030321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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