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Beyer J, Song Y, Tollefsen KE, Berge JA, Tveiten L, Helland A, Øxnevad S, Schøyen M. The ecotoxicology of marine tributyltin (TBT) hotspots: A review. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 179:105689. [PMID: 35777303 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) was widely used as a highly efficient biocide in antifouling paints for ship and boat hulls. Eventually, TBT containing paints became globally banned when TBT was found to cause widespread contamination and non-target adverse effects in sensitive species, with induced pseudohermaphroditism in female neogastropods (imposex) being the best-known example. In this review, we address the history and the status of knowledge regarding TBT pollution and marine TBT hotspots, with a special emphasis on the Norwegian coastline. The review also presents a brief update on knowledge of TBT toxicity in various marine species and humans, highlighting the current understanding of toxicity mechanisms relevant for causing endocrine disruption in marine species. Despite observations of reduced TBT sediment concentrations in many marine sediments over the recent decades, contaminant hotspots are still prevalent worldwide. Consequently, efforts to monitor TBT levels and assessment of potential effects in sentinel species being potentially susceptible to TBT in these locations are still highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Beyer
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway.
| | - You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Arthur Berge
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Tveiten
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sigurd Øxnevad
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete Schøyen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway
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Furdek Turk M, Ivanić M, Dautović J, Bačić N, Mikac N. Simultaneous analysis of butyltins and total tin in sediments as a tool for the assessment of tributyltin behaviour, long-term persistence and historical contamination in the coastal environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127307. [PMID: 32554007 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a new approach for the investigation of tributyltin (TBT) behaviour and fate in the marine environment. The approach is based on a simultaneous analysis of butyltins (BuTs) and total Sn in sediments, thus enabling an assessment of long-term persistence and historical input of TBT. The study also presents first evaluation of the extent to which the TBT-antifouling paints contribute to the contamination of coastal environments with inorganic Sn; it was demonstrated that the inorganic Sn in the investigated areas primarily originates from TBT degradation. The study was conducted by analyzing BuTs and total Sn in sediments from 34 locations along the Croatian Adriatic coast. The results revealed that 85% of the locations were contaminated with both BuTs and inorganic Sn. The share of ƩBuTs/total Sn was low (<10%) even in sediments with low TBT degradation efficiency (TBT/ƩBuTs >40%), demonstrating that only small portion of TBT introduced into the water column reached the sediment before being degraded. This means that recent TBT input into the marine environment may be at least 10 times higher than the amount estimated if only BuTs levels in sediments are considered. It was also demonstrated that TBT concentration in sediments with TOC <1% is not a good indicator of the overall pollution level, even if TBT/TOC approach is used in pollution assessment. Finally, in situ investigation showed that resuspension of contaminated sediments leads to significant release of MBT and DBT into the water column, whereas TBT mainly remains in sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Furdek Turk
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Ivanić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Dautović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Niko Bačić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Mikac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Fernandez MA. Populations Collapses in Marine Invertebrates Due to Endocrine Disruption: A Cause for Concern? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:721. [PMID: 31736872 PMCID: PMC6828821 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the beginning of the twenty first century, the International Program on Chemical Safety published a document entitled Global Assessment of the State-Of-The-Science of Endocrine Disruptors. The work indicated only weak evidence of endocrine-related effects in human populations, and in wild animal populations. This document was revised in 2012 (State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals-2012) (1). The new document and the extensive scientific evidence it provided showed clearly that ED effects could be a risk to human and wildlife health. These works, however, were focused in human health and related animal models, mainly vertebrates and particularly mammals. It can be argued that invertebrates and many other taxa are important parts of all ecosystems, and, in many instances, have been shown to be also vulnerable to endocrine disruption. Thus, this work is aimed to show some observations on important marine invertebrate taxa, from an ecological point of view. The most important example of endocrine disruption in marine wild populations is the imposex response of marine gastropods, known for more than 40 years, and worldwide used to evaluate marine antifouling pollution. Among the mollusks, other important natural resources are bivalve species, used as human food sources and cephalopods, free-living, highly specialized mollusks, and also human food sources. Effects derived from endocrine disruptors in these species indicate that consumption could bring these compounds to human populations in an almost direct way, sometimes without any form of cooking or preparation. While discussing these questions, this work is also aimed to stimulate research on endocrine disruption among the invertebrate taxa that inhabited our oceans, and on which these effects are poorly known today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Antonio Fernandez
- Marine Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Chemical Oceanography Department, Faculty of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kim NS, Hong SH, Shin KH, Shim WJ. Imposex in Reishia clavigera as an Indicator to Assess Recovery of TBT Pollution After a Total Ban in South Korea. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 73:301-309. [PMID: 28528411 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The temporal changes in the frequency and degree of imposex and tributyltin (TBT) levels in gastropod (Reishia clavigera) were evaluated in Jinhae Bay, 5 and 10 years after the total ban on TBT usage in South Korea. The frequency and degree of imposex decreased significantly after the ban, accompanied by an increase in the female-to-male ratio. The TBT concentrations in R. clavigera also decreased significantly after the ban. There were good correlations between the TBT concentration in rock shell and both the degree of imposex and the female-to-male ratio. The total TBT ban effectively reduced the TBT levels and the frequency and degree of imposex in R. clavigera. However, the current low exposure level in the study area is still sufficient to cause imposex in R. clavigera. More time is needed to reduce the TBT levels to levels that do not have adverse biological effects on R. clavigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Sook Kim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Hong
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
- Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Shim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Fang L, Xu C, Li J, Borggaard OK, Wang D. The importance of environmental factors and matrices in the adsorption, desorption, and toxicity of butyltins: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:9159-9173. [PMID: 28160180 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8449-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Butyltins (BTs) are considered as a group of the most important organometallic compounds in industry and agriculture. Due to their widespread use, large amounts of BTs including tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT), and monobutyltin (MBT) have entered into the environment, and subsequently causing detrimental effects on humans and aquatic organisms. This work provides a critical review of recent studies on the adsorption, desorption, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of BTs that can notably influence the distribution of BTs in the environment. Influence of environmental factors (e.g., pH and salinity) and adsorbents in the matrices (e.g., minerals, organic carbons, and quartz) on the adsorption, desorption, and toxicity of BTs is particularly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Material Sciences and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Cuihong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Material Sciences and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Material Sciences and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Ole K Borggaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Material Sciences and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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Kim T, Jeon S, Hong S, Song SJ, Kwon BO, Ryu J, Khim JS. Spatiotemporal distributions of butyltin compounds in various intertidal organisms along the Samcheok and Tongyeong coasts of Korea. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 172:268-277. [PMID: 28081511 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen years ago, the Korean Government introduced a regulation prohibiting the use of tributyltin (TBT), which was a component of antifouling paints. A subsequent decline in the concentration of butyltins (BTs) was recorded in seawater and the sediment, however, the current concentration of BTs in biota has not been well documented. The spatiotemporal distribution and concentration of BTs was recorded in biota from 2013 to 2015 along the coasts of Samcheok and Tongyeong using GS/MSD analysis. Crustaceans contained the greatest concentrations of BTs, followed by gastropods, fishes, and bivalves. We found that the concentration of BTs was greater at Tongyeong compared to Samcheok, because of the geographical characteristics of the area. We also confirmed that the regulation has been effective by showing that the TBT concentration decreased over the 3-year study period. The TBT levels of gastropods and bivalves fell within the limits of the guidelines and/or the effective concentration of the toxicological endpoint reported previously. The concentration of BTs also varied among species, being dependent on the weight of the soft tissue. Furthermore, the greater quantities of BTs degradation products compared to TBT confirmed the absence of recent inputs of pollutants during the study periods. However, compared with other Asian countries, biota BTs were greater in Korea, with noticeably greater concentrations along the south coast. Thus, further investigation of the distribution of BTs along the Korean coasts is required in the future. In conclusion, our results provide useful information about the recent trends of BTs in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeon Jeon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Song
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseong Ryu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Anyang University, Ganghwagun, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ruiz JM, Carro B, Albaina N, Couceiro L, Míguez A, Quintela M, Barreiro R. Bi-species imposex monitoring in Galicia (NW Spain) shows contrasting achievement of the OSPAR Ecological Quality Objective for TBT. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 114:715-723. [PMID: 27806895 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Imposex is decreasing worldwide after the total ban on tributyltin (TBT) from antifouling paints. In order to assess improvement in the NE Atlantic, the OSPAR Convention designed an Ecological Quality Objective (EcoQO) based on the VDSI (vas deferens sequence index, an agreed measure of imposex) in the rock snail Nucella lapillus; wherever this is not available, the mud snail Nassarius reticulatus was proposed as a proxy. We determined VDSI in Galician populations of rock (n≥34) and mud (n≥18) snails at regular intervals from pre-ban times until 2009 and 2011, respectively. While imposex in the former started decreasing in 2006 and by 2009 the EcoQO had been met in the area, VDSI in the latter was not significantly reduced until 2011 and values contradict such an achievement. This suggests that the OSPAR imposex bi-species scheme may not be of direct application in the current post-ban scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ruiz
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo BIOCOST, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Depto. BA, BV, y Ecología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira, 15071 Coruña, Spain.
| | - B Carro
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo BIOCOST, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Depto. BA, BV, y Ecología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira, 15071 Coruña, Spain
| | - N Albaina
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo BIOCOST, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Depto. BA, BV, y Ecología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira, 15071 Coruña, Spain
| | - L Couceiro
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo BIOCOST, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Depto. BA, BV, y Ecología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira, 15071 Coruña, Spain
| | - A Míguez
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo BIOCOST, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Depto. BA, BV, y Ecología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira, 15071 Coruña, Spain
| | - M Quintela
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo BIOCOST, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Depto. BA, BV, y Ecología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira, 15071 Coruña, Spain
| | - R Barreiro
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo BIOCOST, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Depto. BA, BV, y Ecología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira, 15071 Coruña, Spain
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8
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Ip JCH, Leung PTY, Ho KKY, Qiu JW, Leung KMY. De novo transcriptome assembly of the marine gastropod Reishia clavigera for supporting toxic mechanism studies. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 178:39-48. [PMID: 27450239 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The intertidal whelk Reishia clavigera is commonly used as a biomonitor of chemical contamination in the marine environment along Western Pacific region, and as a model for mechanistic studies of organotin-mediated imposex development. However, limited genomic resources of R. clavigera have restricted its role for the investigation of molecular mechanisms of such endocrine disruptions. This study, therefore, aimed to establish tissue-specific transcriptomes of the digestive gland, gonad, head ganglia, penis and the remaining body part of the male and female R. clavigera. By combining the results, a global transcriptome was obtained. A total of 578,134,720 high-quality filtered reads were obtained using Illumina sequencing. The R. clavigera transcriptome comprised of 38,466 transcripts and 32,798 unigenes with predicted open reading frames. The average length of transcripts was 1,709bp with N50 of 2,236bp. Based on sequence similarity searches against public databases, 28,657 transcripts and 24,403 unigenes had at least one BLAST hit. There were 17,530 transcripts and 14,897 unigenes annotated with at least one Gene Ontology (GO) term. Moreover, 5,776 transcripts and 5,137 unigenes were associated with 333 Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The numbers of unigenes were similar among the five target tissues and between sexes, but tissue-specific expression profiles were revealed by multivariate analyses. Based on the functional annotation, putative steroid hormone-associated unigenes were identified. In particular, we highlighted the presence of steroid hormone receptor homologues that could be the targets for mechanistic studies of the organotin-mediated imposex development in marine gastropods. This newly generated transcriptome assembly of R. clavigera provides a valuable molecular resource for ecotoxicological and environmental genomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C H Ip
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Priscilla T Y Leung
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin K Y Ho
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - J W Qiu
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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9
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Laranjeiro F, Pérez S, Navarro P, Carrero JA, Beiras R. The usefulness of a sediment bioassay with the gastropod Nassarius reticulatus in tributyltin monitoring programs. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 139:550-557. [PMID: 26318117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the use of tributyltin (TBT) had been banned worldwide in 2008 there is still evidence of its deleterious presence in environment. We evaluate the usefulness of a 28days sediment bioassay with Nassarius reticulatus females to monitor TBT pollution, using imposex as endpoint. In addition, butyltins were determined in sediments and tissues, and, whenever posible, imposex was assessed in native N. reticulatus at the same sites where sediments were sampled. In the bioassay, a significant increase in imposex parameters was obtained with three sediments (Vi2, Vi3, and Vi4). No correlation was found between this and TBT concentrations in sediment although good correlations were obtained for TBT in tissues, putting in evidence TBT bioavailability in sediment. A significant decrease in imposex from 2008 to 2013 in native snails was only observed at sites that did not cause any effect in the bioassay. In contrast, imposex levels in 2013 were kept as high as 2008 in one of the sites where a significant imposex increase in the bioassay was observed. The bioassay proves thus to be a practical and ecological relevant tool, as: (i) it can be conducted in sites with no native populations of snails, (ii) it provides early identification of polluted sites, anticipating future imposex levels or early identification of recovering, and (iii) it yields information on the bioavailable fraction of the TBT in the sediment. Therefore, this tool can be of extreme usefulness under the scope of recent European legislative frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Laranjeiro
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; ECIMAT-Universidade de Vigo, Illa de Toralla s/n, 36331 Coruxo-Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Sara Pérez
- ECIMAT-Universidade de Vigo, Illa de Toralla s/n, 36331 Coruxo-Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Patricia Navarro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - José Antonio Carrero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ricardo Beiras
- ECIMAT-Universidade de Vigo, Illa de Toralla s/n, 36331 Coruxo-Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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Lee MRN, Kim UJ, Lee IS, Choi M, Oh JE. Assessment of organotin and tin-free antifouling paints contamination in the Korean coastal area. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 99:157-165. [PMID: 26234613 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Twelve organotins (methyl-, octyl-, butyl-, and phenyl-tin), and eight tin-free antifouling paints and their degradation products were measured in marine sediments from the Korean coastal area, and Busan and Ulsan bays, the largest harbor area in Korea. The total concentration of tin-free antifouling paints was two- to threefold higher than the total concentration of organotins. Principal component analysis was used to identify sites with relatively high levels of contamination in the inner bay area of Busan and Ulsan bays, which were separated from the coastal area. In Busan and Ulsan bays, chlorothalonil and DMSA were more dominant than in the coastal area. However, Sea-Nine 211 and total diurons, including their degradation products, were generally dominant in the Korean coastal area. The concentrations of tin and tin-free compounds were significantly different between the east and west coasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ri-Nae Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, San 30, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Un-Jung Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, San 30, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea; Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1, Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seok Lee
- Marine Environment Research Team, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), 408-1, Sirang-ri, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Choi
- Marine Environment Research Team, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), 408-1, Sirang-ri, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, San 30, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Lopes-Dos-Santos RMA, Galante-Oliveira S, Lopes E, Almeida C, Barroso C. Assessment of imposex and butyltin concentrations in Gemophos viverratus (Kiener, 1834), from São Vicente, Republic of Cabo Verde (Africa). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:10671-10677. [PMID: 24878557 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This work constitutes the first assessment of tributyltin (TBT) pollution levels in the Republic of Cabo Verde (Africa) and proposes the marine gastropod Gemophos viverratus (Kiener, 1834) as a new bioindicator of TBT pollution in the Macaronesia and west coast of Africa. Specimens were collected between August and October 2012 along a gradient of naval traffic in São Vicente Island. The results clearly indicate an increase of imposex levels (percentage of females affected with imposex, 0-100 %; vas deferens sequence index, 0-4.1; relative penis length index, 0-54.6 %) and female TBT contamination (from 5 to 37 ngSn g(-1) dry weight (dw)) from outside to inside the harbour of Porto Grande Bay and identify this area as the focus of TBT pollution in the island. The butyltin degradation index for G. viverratus tissues ranged between 1.3 and 2.2, which being above 1 suggests that a considerable part of TBT inputs to the bay may not be very recent. Sterile females were found inside the harbour with an incidence up to 21.4 %. Considering the existence of a planktonic veliger stage in the life cycle of G. viverratus, it is expected that recruitment of newborn individuals can be supplied from unaffected breeding females inside and outside the Porto Grande Bay, resulting in a reduced impact of TBT pollution on population abundance. G. viverratus is very promising to be used as a simple, inexpensive and efficient novel tool for TBT pollution biomonitoring in the Macaronesia and west coast of Africa, a region for which there is an astonishing lack of information concerning levels and ecological impacts of TBT pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M A Lopes-Dos-Santos
- Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal,
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