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Liu F, Yu R, Xie Y, Xie Z, Wu J, Wu Y, Zhang X. Organotins in fish, shrimp, and cephalopods from the Pearl River Estuary, China: Dietary exposure risk to Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin and human. Sci Total Environ 2023; 903:166634. [PMID: 37643713 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Food has regularly been proven to be a key source of exposure to environmental pollutants, drawing attention to the dietary exposure risks of contaminants to mammals with significant daily food intake. Here, the levels of six organotin compounds (OTs) in 18 fish (n = 310), three cephalopods (n = 50), and one shrimp (n = 34) from the Lingdingyang (LDY) and west four region (WFR) of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and their dietary exposure risks to Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins and humans were first investigated. Total OT levels ranged from 3.84 to 901. 48 ng/g wet weight (ww) in 22 prey species from the LDY, and from 14.37 to 1364.64 ng/g ww in 19 species from the WFR. The LDY marine species generally accumulated higher butyltin levels but lower phentyltin levels than those in the WFR. All species have a phenyltin degradation index <1 and over 60 % of the sampled species have a butyltin degradation index <1, suggesting the PRE marine species might be exposed to the fresh discharge of OTs. A total of nine marine species exceeded the threshold levels of OT intake for adverse health effects on human juveniles by consumption, all 22 marine species posed high dietary risks to the PRE humpback dolphins. Moreover, probabilistic risk assessment using Monte Carlo simulation revealed that the probabilities of RQ values associated with WFR OT exposure higher than 1 were 18.87 % for human adults, 40.55 % for human juveniles, 100 % for both humpback dolphin adults and humpback dolphin juveniles. Our results highlighted the potentially high dietary exposure risks of OTs to marine mammals and residents in the PRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Ronglan Yu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yanqing Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Zhenhui Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jiaxue Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yuping Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Xiyang Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China.
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Zhang SQ, Li P, He SW, Xing SY, Cao ZH, Zhao XL, Sun C, Li ZH. Assessing the ecotoxicity of combined exposure to triphenyltin and norfloxacin at environmental levels: A case study of immunotoxicity and metabolic regulation in carp (Cyprinus carpio). Chemosphere 2023; 313:137381. [PMID: 36435316 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper evaluates the coexistence risks of triphenyltin (TPT) and norfloxacin (NOR) to aquatic organisms in the aquatic environment. Carp (Cyprinus carpio) was used as the test organism, the control and exposure groups (1 μg/L TPT), 1 mg/L (NOR), 1 μg/LTPT+1 mg/LNOR (TPT_NOR)) were set up according to the environmental concentration in the severely polluted area for 42 days. The single/combined toxic effects of TPT and NOR on aquatic organisms were evaluated by analyzing carp brain transcriptome sequencing, gut microbiota structure, and detection of biochemical indicators and RT-qPCR. Our results show that TPT and NOR induce lipid metabolism disorder in carp brain tissue, affecting the metabolism of cytochrome P450 to exogenous substances, and NOR also induces immunosuppression in carp. Long-term exposure to TPT combined with NOR amplifies the monotoxicity of TPT or NOR on lipid metabolism and immunosuppression in carp, induces immune dysfunction in brain tissue and changes in gut microbiota structure. However, TPT_NOR has no obvious neurotoxicity on the brain, but it can inhibit the level of intestinal MDA. This highlights that co-exposure of TPT and NOR amplifies metabolic disorders and immunosuppressive functions in carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China; State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Shu-Wen He
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Shao-Ying Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Zhi-Han Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Xue-Li Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Cuici Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.
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Simões LAR, Vogt ÉL, da Costa CS, de Amaral M, Hoff MLM, Graceli JB, Vinagre AS. Effects of tributyltin (TBT) on the intermediate metabolism of the crab Callinectes sapidus. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 182:114004. [PMID: 35939934 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated if the exposure to tributyltin (TBT), a chemical used worldwide in boat antifouling paints, could result in metabolic disturbances in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. After the exposure to TBT 100 or 1000 ng.L-1 for 48 and 96 h, hemolymph and tissues were collected to determine the concentration of metabolites and lipid peroxidation. The levels of glucose, lactate, cholesterol, and triglycerides in the hemolymph were not affected by TBT exposure. Hemolymph protein and heart glycogen increased in the crabs exposed to TBT 1000 for 96 h. Anterior gills protein and lipoperoxidation decreased after 96 h in all groups. These results suggest that C. sapidus can maintain energy homeostasis when challenged by the TBT exposure for 48 h and that metabolic alterations initiate after 96 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Airton Ressel Simões
- Comparative Metabolism and Endocrinology Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Éverton Lopes Vogt
- Comparative Metabolism and Endocrinology Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Marjoriane de Amaral
- Comparative Metabolism and Endocrinology Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Leivas Müller Hoff
- Comparative Metabolism and Endocrinology Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Anapaula Sommer Vinagre
- Comparative Metabolism and Endocrinology Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Metelkova L, Zhakovskaya Z, Kukhareva G, Voskoboinikov G, Zimina O. Organotin compounds (OTs) in surface sediments, bivalves and algae from the Russian coast of the Barents Sea (Kola Peninsula) and the Fram Strait (Svalbard Archipelago). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:34659-34669. [PMID: 35040051 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organotin pollution in components of benthic ecosystems was investigated in 2019 in the Barents Sea (South shore, Kola Peninsula) and the Fram Strait (Icefjord, Svalbard Archipelago). Six species of organotin compounds (OTs), including monobutyltin, dibutyltin, tributyltin, tetrabutyltin, triphenyltin and tricyclohexyltin, were measured in the surface sediments, bivalve molluscs (Ciliatocardium ciliatum, Macoma calcarea, Chlamys islandica) and macrophyte algae (Saccharina latissima, Palmaria palmata, Ulvaria obscura, Fucus serratus, Fucus distichus). The results obtained showed moderate contamination of the studied samples with OTs. The total content of six tin compounds was in the ranges 35-139 ng g-1, 13-108 ng g-1 and 2.9-75 ng g-1 (dry weight) in the samples of sediments, bivalves and algae, respectively. In most cases, the concentrations of tributyltin in bottom sediments and mollusc tissues did not exceed the established international regulations. The degradation indices analysis of butyl tin derivatives indicated the active transformation of tributyltin and tetrabutyltin in bottom sediments and macrophyte algae and the accumulation of these compounds in the soft tissues of molluscs. The sediment and mollusc concentrations of OTs measured in this study were comparable to those reported for other areas of the Arctic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Metelkova
- St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPC RAS), Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 18, Korpusnaya str, St. Petersburg, 197110, Russia.
| | - Zoya Zhakovskaya
- St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPC RAS), Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 18, Korpusnaya str, St. Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - Galina Kukhareva
- St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPC RAS), Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 18, Korpusnaya str, St. Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - Grigorii Voskoboinikov
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI RAS), 17, Vladimirskaya str, Murmansk, 183010, Russia
| | - Olga Zimina
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI RAS), 17, Vladimirskaya str, Murmansk, 183010, Russia
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Uc-Peraza RG, Delgado-Blas VH, Rendón-von Osten J, Castro ÍB, Proietti MC, Fillmann G. Mexican paradise under threat: The impact of antifouling biocides along the Yucatán Peninsula. J Hazard Mater 2022; 427:128162. [PMID: 34999408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Levels of booster biocides (Irgarol, diuron, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid and DCOIT), organotins (TBT, DBT, MBT, TPhT, DPhT and MPhT) and antifouling paint particles (APPs) were assessed in sediments of sites under the influence of maritime activities along the coastal zone of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Imposex incidence and organotin levels were also evaluated in seven caenogastropod species. The incidence of imposex was detected in five species from sites nearby fishing harbors and marinas, including the first reports to Gemophos tinctus and Melongena bispinosa. Butyltins levels were higher than phenyltins in gastropod tissues, sediments, and APPs. Regarding booster biocides, chlorothalonil was the most frequently detected compound and DCOIT was the most abundant biocide in sediments. DCOIT levels were registered in APPs from fishing harbors and marina areas. In addition, the highest levels of TBT, Irgarol, diuron and DCOIT exceeded the threshold limits set by international sediment quality guidelines, indicating that toxic effects could be expected in some of the studied areas, thus being a potential threat to marine life. Based on such outputs, Mexico urgently needs to adopt restrictive actions aiming at conserving the rich biological heritage of the Yucatán Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Giovanni Uc-Peraza
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Oceanografia Biológica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Delgado-Blas
- División de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad de Quintana Roo (DCI-UQROO), 77010 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Jaime Rendón-von Osten
- Instituto de Ecología, Pesquerías y Oceanografía del Golfo de México, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche (EPOMEX-UAC), Campus VI de Investigaciones, 24030 San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- PPG em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Rua Maria Máximo 168, 11030-100 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maíra Carneiro Proietti
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Oceanografia Biológica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Capitão AMF, Lopes-Marques M, Páscoa I, Sainath SB, Hiromori Y, Matsumaru D, Nakanishi T, Ruivo R, Santos MM, Castro LFC. An ancestral nuclear receptor couple, PPAR-RXR, is exploited by organotins. Sci Total Environ 2021; 797:149044. [PMID: 34303232 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental chemicals have been reported to greatly disturb the endocrine and metabolic systems of multiple animal species. A recent example involves the exploitation of the nuclear receptor (NR) heterodimeric pair composed by PPAR/RXR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor/retinoid X receptor), which shows lipid perturbation in mammalian species. While gene orthologues of both of these receptors have been described outside vertebrates, no functional characterization of PPAR has been carried in protostome lineages. We provide the first functional analysis of PPAR in Patella sp. (Mollusca), using model obesogens such as tributyltin (TBT), triphenyltin (TPT), and proposed natural ligands (fatty acid molecules). To gain further insights, we used site-directed mutagenesis to PPAR and replaced the tyrosine 277 by a cysteine (the human homologous amino acid and TBT anchor residue) and an alanine. Additionally, we explored the alterations in the fatty acid profiles after an exposure to the model obesogen TBT, in vivo. Our results show that TBT and TPT behave as an antagonist of Patella sp. PPAR/RXR and that the tyrosine 277 is important, but not essential in the response to TBT. Overall, these results suggest a relation between the response of the mollusc PPAR-RXR to TBT and the lipid profile alterations reported at environmentally relevant concentrations. Our findings highlight the importance of comparative analysis between protostome and deuterostome lineages to decipher the differential impact of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M F Capitão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto (U.Porto), Department of Biology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Lopes-Marques
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Inês Páscoa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - S B Sainath
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore 524 003, AP, India
| | - Youhei Hiromori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan; Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsumaru
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Santos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto (U.Porto), Department of Biology, Porto, Portugal.
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto (U.Porto), Department of Biology, Porto, Portugal.
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Kuprijanov I, Väli G, Sharov A, Berezina N, Liblik T, Lips U, Kolesova N, Maanio J, Junttila V, Lips I. Hazardous substances in the sediments and their pathways from potential sources in the eastern Gulf of Finland. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 170:112642. [PMID: 34175699 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Contamination by hazardous substances is one of the main environmental problems in the eastern Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. A trilateral effort to sample and analyse heavy metals (HMs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and organotins from bottom sediments in 2019-2020 were conducted along with harvesting historical data in Russian, Estonian and Finnish waters. We suggest that the input of organotins still occurs along the ship traffic routes. The tributyltin content exceeded the established quality criteria up to more than 300 times. High contamination by PAHs found near the ports, most likely originate from incomplete fuel incineration processes. The Neva River Estuary and Luga Bay might potentially suffer from severe cadmium contamination. The high ecological risk attributed to the HMs was detected at deep offshore areas. The simulated accumulation pattern qualitatively agrees with field observations of HMs in sediments, demonstrating the potential of numerical tools to tackle the hazardous substances problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kuprijanov
- Department of Marine Systems, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Germo Väli
- Department of Marine Systems, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Andrey Sharov
- Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SRCES RAS), Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Berezina
- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ZIN RAS), Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Taavi Liblik
- Department of Marine Systems, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Urmas Lips
- Department of Marine Systems, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Natalja Kolesova
- Department of Marine Systems, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jaakko Maanio
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Inga Lips
- Department of Marine Systems, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Tallinn, Estonia
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Gomes DM, Galante-Oliveira S, Oliveira IB, Castro ÍB, Abreu FEL, Fillmann G, Barroso CM. Long-term monitoring of Nucella lapillus imposex in Ria de Aveiro (Portugal): When will a full recovery happen? Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 168:112411. [PMID: 33932844 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nucella lapillus imposex has been monitored in Ria de Aveiro (Portugal) in order to understand the evolution of organotin (OT) pollution after the EU ban on OT-based antifouling systems (OT-AFS). A rapid decrease of imposex occurred, but a countercurrent tendency upsurged recently (2018-2019) with a slight increase of imposex at some sites, instead of a continuous decline towards a complete recovery. In 2018 the vas deferens sequence index ranged between 0.6 and 1.0 across stations and the percentage of females with imposex varied from 63 to 100%. In 2019 these parameters varied between 0.4 and 1.0 and 37-100%, while the concentration of butyltins (TBT, DBT, MBT) in the dogwhelk tissues were < 1 ng Sn g-1 dw. Although N. lapillus imposex levels are low they are indicative of OT pollution. The full recovery of N. lapillus imposex in the future is uncertain and a cause for concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Gomes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Susana Galante-Oliveira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Benta Oliveira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Av. Almirante Saldanha da Gama, 22030-400 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fiamma E L Abreu
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, C.P. 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, C.P. 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos M Barroso
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Stathopoulou MEK, Zoupanou N, Banti CN, Douvalis AP, Papachristodoulou C, Marousis KD, Spyroulias GA, Mavromoustakos T, Hadjikakou SK. Organotin derivatives of cholic acid induce apoptosis into breast cancer cells and interfere with mitochondrion; Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation. Steroids 2021; 167:108798. [PMID: 33472044 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Organotin(IV) derivatives of cholic acid (CAH) with the formulae R3Sn(CA) (R = Ph- (1), n-Bu- (2)) and R2Sn(CA)2 (R = Ph- (3), n-Bu- (4) and Me- (5)) were synthesized. The compounds were characterized in solid state by melting point, FT-IR, 119Sn Mössbauer, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy and in solution by 1H NMR, UV-Vis spectral data and by Electrospray Ionisation Mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), High Resolution Mass spectrometry (HRMS), and atomic absorption analysis. The in vitro bioactivity of 1-5 against human breast adenocarcinoma cancer cells MCF-7 (positive to hormone receptors) and MDA-MB-231 (negative to hormone receptors) reveal that triorganotin derivatives 1-2 exhibit significantly stronger activity than the corresponding diorganotin ones. Compound 5 is inactive against both cell lines at the concentrations tested. Triorganotins 1-2 inhibit selectively MCF-7 than MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting hormone mimetic behavior of them. Organotins 1-4 inhibit both cancerous cell lines, stronger than cisplatin which rise up to 55-fold against MCF-7 and 170-fold against MDA-MB-231. The in vitro toxicity of 1-4 was evaluated on normal human fetal lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5), while their genotoxicity in vitro by micronucleus assay (MN). Moreover, the in vivo toxicity of 1-4 was tested by Artemia salina assay and their in vivo genotoxicity with Allium cepa test. The mechanism of action of 1-4 against MCF-7 was clarified in vitro by the means of cell morphology studies, cell cycle arrest, Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide (AO/EB) Staining, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization test and by their binding affinity toward the calf thymus (CT) DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E K Stathopoulou
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - N Zoupanou
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - C N Banti
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - A P Douvalis
- Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Physics of Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, Greece; University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Materials Science and Computing, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - K D Marousis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - G A Spyroulias
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - T Mavromoustakos
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - S K Hadjikakou
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Materials Science and Computing, Ioannina, Greece.
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10
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Sham RCT, Ho KKY, Hui TTY, Zhou GJ, Chan JKY, Leung KMY. Tissue distribution of triphenyltin compounds in marine teleost fishes. J Hazard Mater 2021; 401:123426. [PMID: 32763711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Continuous release of the highly toxic triphenyltin compounds (TPT) from antifouling paints and fungicides has caused serious pollution to urbanized coastal marine environments worldwide since the 1960s. Using gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS), this study investigated the distribution profile of TPT in 15 types of tissues of four marine teleost fish species collected from Hong Kong waters. Concentrations of TPT in various tissues had a significant positive correlation with protein contents in the tissues (r = 0.346, p < 0.001) and, to a lesser extent with lipid contents (r = 0.169, p = 0.020). Highest concentrations of TPT were consistently found in liver, ranging from 1074.9 to 3443.7 ng/g wet weight; whereas fish scales always contained the least concentration of TPT in all species, ranging from 10.4 to 48.5 ng/g wet weight. Through mass balance models and regression analyses, muscle tissues were found to contribute most to the total TPT body burden, and the average TPT concentration of both dorsal and ventral muscles was identified as the best predictor for estimating TPT burden in the entire fish. Hence, further investigations of bioaccumulation and biomagnification of TPT in fishes should adopt this modelling approach in estimating its total body burden in individual fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronia Chung-Tin Sham
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin K Y Ho
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tommy T Y Hui
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guang-Jie Zhou
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Janet K Y Chan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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11
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Chen C, Chen L, Li Y, Fu W, Shi X, Duan J, Zhang W. Impacts of microplastics on organotins' photodegradation in aquatic environments. Environ Pollut 2020; 267:115686. [PMID: 33254701 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous in natural waters and affect the environmental fate of hydrophobic organic micropollutants. This study evaluated the impacts of four microplastics, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), on the photodegradation of organotin compounds (OTCs) under UV365 irradiation (2.3 ± 0.1 W m-2). The experiments were performed by mixing PP, PE, PS or PMMA microparticles with tri-organotins in artificial seawater. The photodegradation of OTCs in microplastic suspensions was influenced by the absorptivity onto microplastics. The decomposition rate of tributyltin (TBT) in UV-irradiated PP suspensions was greater than trimethyltin (TMT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) (p < 0.01). The adsorption capacities of OTCs (e.g., TBT) on PP particle surfaces were significantly lower than those on PE surfaces (p < 0.05) but similar with those on PMMA due to the different surface areas, shapes, and surface hydrophobicity of microplastics. TBT degraded faster (9.1%) in PS than in PMMA suspension (11.2%) within 240 min, respectively. However, only less than 5.4% was photodegraded in PP suspension due to the light scattering or absorption of the large sized PP particles. This study provided new insight into the impacts of microplastics on photodegradation of micropollutants in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanyi Fu
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaonan Shi
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jiajun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.
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12
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Bersuder P, Smith AJ, Hynes C, Warford L, Barber JL, Losada S, Limpenny C, Khamis AS, Abdulla KH, Le Quesne WJF, Lyons BP. Baseline survey of marine sediments collected from the Kingdom of Bahrain: PAHs, PCBs, organochlorine pesticides, perfluoroalkyl substances, dioxins, brominated flame retardants and metal contamination. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 161:111734. [PMID: 33065395 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A baseline survey of sediment contamination was undertaken at 14 locations around the coastline of Bahrain in May 2017, followed by a focused survey of 20 sites, in November 2019. Samples were assessed for industrial pollutants, including metals, PAHs and a suite of organohalogen compounds. The data generated indicated that levels of chemical contaminants were generally low and did not pose a toxicological risk when assessed against commonly applied sediment quality guidelines (SQG). The highest concentrations of PAHs and PCBs were identified in samples collected at coastal sites adjacent to a refinery area known to contain a diverse mix of industry. Tubli Bay, a heavily stressed small bay receiving high loads of sewage effluent, was also identified as an area warranting further investigation with elevated concentrations of BDE209, PFOS and metal contamination. Such data provides a useful baseline assessment of sediment contamination, against which management control measures can be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bersuder
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK.
| | - A J Smith
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - C Hynes
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - L Warford
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - J L Barber
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - S Losada
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - C Limpenny
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - A S Khamis
- Supreme Council for Environment, P.O. Box 18233, Manama, Bahrain
| | - K H Abdulla
- Supreme Council for Environment, P.O. Box 18233, Manama, Bahrain
| | - W J F Le Quesne
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - B P Lyons
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; British Embassy at the State of Kuwait, P.O. Box 2, Safat 13001, Kuwait
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13
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Filipkowska A, Kowalewska G. Butyltins in sediments from the Southern Baltic coastal zone: Is it still a matter of concern, 10 years after implementation of the total ban? Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 146:343-348. [PMID: 31426166 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study was done to assess butyltin contamination in sediments of the Southern Baltic coastal zone, ten years after implementation of the total ban on harmful organotin use in antifouling paints. Sediment samples were collected from two seaports of international significance: the Port of Gdańsk and the Port of Gdynia, as well as from the Szczecin Lagoon which plays a significant role as a shipping route connecting the Port of Szczecin with the Port of Świnoujście. Total concentrations of butyltins in the sediment samples ranged between 5.7 and 3321 ng Sn g-1 d.w. Eighty percent of the samples were found as highly and grossly contaminated with tributyltin. The results were compared with those recorded ten years ago. Despite the improvement, the butyltin contamination still gives rise to concern in the study area. According to the HELCOM recommendation, all samples exceeded the Good Environmental Status boundary for tributyltin in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Filipkowska
- Marine Pollution Laboratory, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Kowalewska
- Marine Pollution Laboratory, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
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14
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Chen C, Chen L, Li F, Huang Q, Wu L, Zhang W. Urgent caution to trace organometal pollution: Occurrence, distribution and sources of methyltins, butyltins and phenyltins in sediments from South Hangzhou Bay, China. Environ Pollut 2019; 246:571-577. [PMID: 30597389 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of seven organotin compounds (OTCs) were determined seasonally in 22 sediment samples (brackish, freshwater and shrimp pond sediments) in South Hangzhou Bay, China. For the brackish and freshwater sediments, methyltins of up to 43.0 ng Sn g-1 dw showed no significant variation with seasons or locations (p > 0.05). However, butyltin levels in summer (44.0 ± 30.2 ng Sn g-1 dw) were about two folds higher than those in spring (20.4 ± 18.7 ng Sn g-1 dw) and four folds higher than in autumn or winter (both≈10 ng Sn g-1 dw), which is mainly attributed to the heavy contamination near the shipyard, mariculture and textile plants in summer. Phenyltins in spring reached the peak level of 28.4 ng Sn g-1 dw, about three times of other seasons. Meanwhile, there was a significant variation of phenyltins in summer with high-value sites also in the vicinity of mariculture. Thus, excepting the contribution of agricultural activities to phenyltins, mariculture is likely to be a potential source of butyltins and phenyltins into the marine environment (particularly in summer). This hypothesis has been partly validated by determining adjacent shrimp pond sediments, which showed ubiquitous contamination of butyltins and phenyltins in summer and spring (14.2-44.2 ng Sn g-1 dw and 2.2-16.9 ng Sn g-1 dw), but only one sample had the detectable methyltin levels with 8.8 ng Sn g-1 dw of momomethyl-tin. On the other hand, seven OTCs showed a stronger affinity to brackish sediments than the adjacent freshwater sediments, probably owing to the differences of physicochemical parameters and microbial activities in sediments. Overall, OTC contaminants have become more diversified and complicated in coastal zones, suggesting that future studies should pay attention to other OTC species like phenyltins and methyltins, not only the butyltins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feipeng Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, China
| | - Qinghui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
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15
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Giraud-Billoud M, Castro-Vazquez A. Aging and retinoid X receptor agonists on masculinization of female Pomacea canaliculata, with a critical appraisal of imposex evaluation in the Ampullariidae. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 169:573-582. [PMID: 30476819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ampullariidae are unique among gastropods in that females normally show a primordium of the copulatory apparatus (CApp). The aims of this study were (a) to quantitatively evaluate the development and growth of the female CApp with age; (b) to compare the effects of RXR and PPARγ agonists in adult females of known age and (c) to explore the effect of masculinizing RXR agonists on the expression of RXR in the CApp. It was found that the CApp grows and develops with age. A significant increase in penile sheath length (PsL) and also in a developmental index (DI) was observed in 7-8 months old females, as compared with 4-5 months old ones. A reported endogenous agonist of RXR, 9-cis retinoic acid (9cis-RA), as well as two organotin compounds, tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) which have been also reported to bind to RXR, were injected and its masculinizing effects were measured. Also, the effect of a PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone, was studied. All studied RXR agonists, but not the PPARγ agonist, were effective in increasing PsL, penile length (PL) and DI. Finally, the expression of the RXR in the CApp was studied (Western blot) in control, TBT, TPT, and 9cis-RA treated females. A significantly increased expression of RXR was only observed after 9cis-RA treatment. It is concluded that (a) development and growth of the CApp is significantly affected by female age; (b) reported RXR agonists, but not a PPARγ agonist, cause female masculinization of young females. An appraisal of previous studies of female masculinization in the Ampullariidae has also been made and it is emphasized that the masculinizing effect of aging should be considered, particularly when interpreting field data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Giraud-Billoud
- IHEM, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Casilla de Correo 33, 5500-Mendoza, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Fisiología, Casilla de Correo 33, 5500-Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Alfredo Castro-Vazquez
- IHEM, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Casilla de Correo 33, 5500-Mendoza, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Fisiología, Casilla de Correo 33, 5500-Mendoza, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biología, Casilla de Correo 33, 5500-Mendoza, Argentina
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16
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Gao JM, Chen XL, Ren CR, Qiu H, Zhang K, Guo JS, Tang ZH, Wu WN, Zhang YL. Organotins in the aquatic media of secondary anabranches in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China. Chemosphere 2019; 217:232-242. [PMID: 30419377 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR) is one of the most sensitive areas of ecological environment in China. As vital backwater areas, the secondary anabranches of the TGRR were prone to eutrophication in Spring which would affect the distribution and transfer of organotins (OTs) among aquatic media. This study quantified the concentrations of butyltins (BTs) and phenyltins (PhTs) in water columns and aquatic media of two anabranches of the TGRR, the Daning River (DR) and the Xiaojiang River (XR) during the state of eutrophication. Our results showed that the average concentrations of BTs and PhTs in surface water are 43.91, 81.25 ng Sn L-1 in the DR, and 63.49, 69.21 ng Sn L-1 in the XR, respectively, and there were no obvious differences in the concentrations of BTs and PhTs across the water columns in the DR and XR. PhTs, especially monophenyltin (MPhT), are predominated in the dissolved phase, whereas BTs, especially dibutyltin (DBT), are predominated in both suspended particulate matter (SPM) and the sediment. Shipping and agricultural activity were likely the sources of OTs in both the DR and XR. High concentrations of tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) are still present in the aquatic media of the TGRR, and pose a significant risk to aquatic organisms due to the potential for bioaccumulation. Therefore, it is necessary to further monitor and assess OTs especially PhTs in surface water, and to continue to restrict the use of OTs to protect the aquatic environment of the TGRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Min Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, 400045, China.
| | - Xiao-Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Chun-Rong Ren
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jin-Song Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Zhuo-Heng Tang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Wen-Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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17
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van Gessellen N, Bouwman H, Averbuj A. Imposex assessment and tributyltin levels in sediments along the Atlantic coast of South Africa. Mar Environ Res 2018; 142:32-39. [PMID: 30262123 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Female marine gastropods develop imposex (growth of penis/vas deferens) when exposed to TBT (tributyltin). Ours, is the first report of an imposex survey associated with TBT in sediment along 920 km of South Africa's Atlantic coastline. We sampled and analysed 1389 individuals of 13 caenogastropod species, and sediment samples from 25 sites, presumed impacted and not impacted by TBT pollution. Imposex was detected in six species not previously reported to suffer from this phenomenon, at eight sites, with up to 100% of females affected. Butyltins were found at quantifiable concentrations at four sites, with TBT and DBT (dibutyltin) concentrations in sediments up to 20 000 μg/kg dry mass (dm) and 3740 μg/kg dm, respectively. These findings are of major concern considering that TBT has been banned globally since 2008 by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) - more extensive research is required in areas affected by TBT and where aquaculture is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole van Gessellen
- Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Mafikeng, South Africa.
| | - Hindrik Bouwman
- Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Andres Averbuj
- LARBIM - IBIOMAR, CCT - CONICET-CENPAT, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
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18
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Urushitani H, Katsu Y, Kagechika H, Sousa ACA, Barroso CM, Ohta Y, Shiraishi H, Iguchi T, Horiguchi T. Characterization and comparison of transcriptional activities of the retinoid X receptors by various organotin compounds in three prosobranch gastropods; Thais clavigera, Nucella lapillus and Babylonia japonica. Aquat Toxicol 2018; 199:103-115. [PMID: 29621670 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two cDNAs of RXR were isolated, for the first time, from the ivory shell, Babylonia japonica, and the transcriptional activities were tested in vitro to compare with other gastropod (Thais clavigera and Nucella lapillus) RXR isoforms. The transcriptional activities of all of these RXR isoforms were significantly induced by mammalian RXR agonist, 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA). The transcriptional activity of T. clavigera RXR-1 was also examined by using 9cRA and 16 organotin compounds, and significant ligand-dependent transactivations were observed by 9cRA and 5 organotins (tributyltin (TBT), tetrabutyltin (TeBT), tripropyltin (TPrT), tricyclohexyltin (TcHT) and triphenyltin (TPhT)). These 5 organotins also induced significant transcriptional activities in N. lapillus and B. japonica RXR isoforms. These 4 organotins, except for TeBT, have been reported to promote the development of imposex after a month of a single injection each, using female T. clavigera. To investigate the function of gastropod RXR isoforms, the effects of mammalian specific pan-agonist, PA024, and pan-antagonist, HX531, were examined, and significant induction of transcriptional activity by PA024 was demonstrated in these gastropod RXR isoforms. The additions of HX531 significantly suppressed the transcriptional activities of these gastropod RXR isoforms by 9cRA and 5 organotins. Using the mammalian two retinoic acid response elements, the transcriptional activities by 2 agonists, 9cRA and PA024, were different among the RXR isoforms of each gastropod species. With retinoid X response element (RXRE), transcriptional activities of TcRXR-1, BjRXR-1, and NlRXRa were significantly higher than those of TcRXR-2, BjRXR-2, and NlRXRb. Transcriptional activities of TcRXR-2, BjRXR-2, and NlRXRb, however, were significantly higher than those of TcRXR-1, BjRXR-1, and NlRXRa with thyroid hormone response element, TREpal. Thus, induction of imposex in prosobranch gastropods is strongly suggested to be triggered by 9cRA and certain organotins, such as TBT and TPhT through the activation of RXRs. These gastropod RXRs might control the different gene transcription by forming homo- or heterodimer complex with their own isoforms. These findings will contribute to our understanding of the fundamentals of the endocrine system in molluscs, particularly on RXR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Urushitani
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Katsu
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ana C A Sousa
- CNRS LabEx DRIIHM, CNRS - INEE - ECCOREV (Unité FR3098), 13545, Aix en Provence, France; CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal; Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Barroso
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Yasuhiko Ohta
- Laboratory of Experimental Animals, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shiraishi
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Horiguchi
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
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Deng T, Wu L, Gao JM, Zhou B, Zhang YL, Wu WN, Tang ZH, Jiang WC, Huang WL. Occurrence and health risk assessment of organotins in waterworks and the source water of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:15019-15028. [PMID: 29552717 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1704-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and health risks of organotins (OTs) in the waterworks and source water in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR), China were assessed in this study. Water samples were collected at four waterworks (A, B, C, and D) in March and July 2012 to analyze butyltins (BTs) and phenyltins (PTs) using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system. Our results showed that both the waterworks and their nearby water sources were polluted by OTs, with PTs being the most dominant species. Monobutyltin (MBT), monophenyltin (MPT), diphenyltin (DPT), and triphenyltin (TPT) were detected in most of the analyzed water samples. The highest concentrations of OTs in influents, effluents, and source water in March were 52.81, 17.93, and 55.32 ng Sn L-1, respectively. Furthermore, significant seasonal changes in OTs pollution were observed in all samples, showing pollution worse in spring compared with summer. The removal of OTs by the conventional treatment processes was not stable among the waterworks. The removal efficiency of OTs in July reached 100% at plant B, while that at plant C was only 38.8%. The source water and influents shared similar composition profiles, concentrations, and seasonal change of OTs, which indicated that OTs in the waterworks were derived from the source water. A health risk assessment indicated that the presence of OTs in the waterworks would not pose a significant health risk to the population, yet their presence should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Deng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Jun-Min Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
- National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Wen-Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Zhuo-Heng Tang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Wen-Chao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Wei-Lin Huang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8551, USA.
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20
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Lutfi E, Riera-Heredia N, Córdoba M, Porte C, Gutiérrez J, Capilla E, Navarro I. Tributyltin and triphenyltin exposure promotes in vitro adipogenic differentiation but alters the adipocyte phenotype in rainbow trout. Aquat Toxicol 2017; 188:148-158. [PMID: 28527383 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous environmental pollutants have been identified as potential obesogenic compounds affecting endocrine signaling and lipid homeostasis. Among them, well-known organotins such as tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT), can be found in significant concentrations in aquatic environments. The aim of the present study was to investigate in vitro the effects of TBT and TPT on the development and lipid metabolism of rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) primary cultured adipocytes. Results showed that TBT and TPT induced lipid accumulation and slightly enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) protein expression when compared to a control, both in the presence or absence of lipid mixture. However, the effects were higher when combined with lipid, and in the absence of it, the organotins did not cause complete mature adipocyte morphology. Regarding gene expression analyses, exposure to TBT and TPT caused an increase in fatty acid synthase (fasn) mRNA levels confirming the pro-adipogenic properties of these compounds. In addition, when added together with lipid, TBT and TPT significantly increased cebpa, tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfa) and ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (abca1) mRNA levels suggesting a synergistic effect. Overall, our data highlighted that TBT and TPT activate adipocyte differentiation in rainbow trout supporting an obesogenic role for these compounds, although by themselves they are not able to induce complete adipocyte development and maturation suggesting that these adipocytes might not be properly functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail Lutfi
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Natàlia Riera-Heredia
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marlon Córdoba
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Cinta Porte
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gutiérrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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21
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Fang L, Xu C, Li J, Borggaard OK, Wang D. The importance of environmental factors and matrices in the adsorption, desorption, and toxicity of butyltins: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:9159-9173. [PMID: 28160180 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8449-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Butyltins (BTs) are considered as a group of the most important organometallic compounds in industry and agriculture. Due to their widespread use, large amounts of BTs including tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT), and monobutyltin (MBT) have entered into the environment, and subsequently causing detrimental effects on humans and aquatic organisms. This work provides a critical review of recent studies on the adsorption, desorption, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of BTs that can notably influence the distribution of BTs in the environment. Influence of environmental factors (e.g., pH and salinity) and adsorbents in the matrices (e.g., minerals, organic carbons, and quartz) on the adsorption, desorption, and toxicity of BTs is particularly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Material Sciences and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Cuihong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Material Sciences and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Material Sciences and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Ole K Borggaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Material Sciences and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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22
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Gao JM, Wu L, Chen YP, Zhou B, Guo JS, Zhang K, Ouyang WJ. Spatiotemporal distribution and risk assessment of organotins in the surface water of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China. Chemosphere 2017; 171:405-414. [PMID: 28033571 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The water quality security of the Three Gorges Reservoir during different operating periods has been a subject of recent concern. This study is the first to report the spatiotemporal variability of organotins (OTs) in surface water under dynamic water level conditions in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR). TGRR surface water was collected during three monitoring campaigns to analyze butyltins (BTs) and phenyltins (PTs) using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system. Our results showed that TGRR surface water was polluted by BTs and PTs, with mono-OTs being the dominant species. A wide range of BTs and PTs concentrations was observed across the study area, but tributyltin (TBT) displayed extensive spatial distribution, and the highest concentrations consistently occurred in the downstream region of the TGRR study area, with a maximum of 393.35 ng Sn/L in Zigui (S27). The total OTs contamination level decreased over time. The diphenyltin concentration exhibited significant seasonal variation, while other OTs showed seasonal changes only during two monitoring campaigns, with the exception of dibutyltin. An ecological risk assessment indicated that both TBT and triphenyltin posed risks to aquatic organisms in TGRR surface water. We urgently recommend continuous monitoring and further measures to prevent and control OTs pollution in the TGRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Min Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, 400045, China.
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - You-Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Jin-Song Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Wen-Juan Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
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Lee CC, Hsu YC, Kao YT, Chen HL. Health risk assessment of the intake of butyltin and phenyltin compounds from fish and seafood in Taiwanese population. Chemosphere 2016; 164:568-575. [PMID: 27632793 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organotin compounds have been applied as stabilizers for PVCs, fungicides, and pesticides, those can enter water systems through antifouling paints on ships as well as from diverse industrial and agricultural processes. This study aims to monitor the background levels of six organotins in 200 fishery products. In the current study, the high organotin levels are over tolerable average residue levels in Taiwan. Phenyltins (PTs) levels in fish and seafood are higher than butyltins (BTs). Risk assessment showed that 95% upper confidence limits of the hazard index (HI) of organotins were almost all over 1, indicating that there are probability of health impacts for organotin consumption in Taiwanese consumers. Those who consume higher amounts of seafood and fishery may be at a higher risk of health issues, but the data indicate that organotin levels have become controlled in recent years as compared with health risk data published in 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chang Lee
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Environmental Trace Toxic Substances Research Center, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Hsu
- Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Kao
- Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ling Chen
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Hazard Prevention, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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24
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Filipkowska A, Złoch I, Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska B, Kowalewska G. Organotins in fish muscle and liver from the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea: Is the total ban successful? Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 111:493-499. [PMID: 27345706 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Muscle and liver tissues of nine fish species were analyzed to assess butyltin and phenyltin contamination. The samples were collected from three basins located in the Southern Baltic Sea coastal zone that each represent different potential for organotin pollution. Maximum total concentrations of butyltin compounds (BTs) in the fish muscles and livers were 715 and 1132ng Sn g(-1) d.w., respectively, whereas triphenyltin (TPhT) was not detected. In the muscle samples, the predominant compound in the sum of butyltins was tributyltin (TBT), while in the liver samples, tributyltin degradation products were found in the majority. The results demonstrate that 6-7years after the implementation of the total ban on harmful organotin use in antifouling paints, butyltins remain present in fishes from the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea. According to the HELCOM recommendation, eight samples exceeded the good environmental status boundary for tributyltin in seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Filipkowska
- Marine Pollution Laboratory, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland.
| | - Ilona Złoch
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Brygida Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska
- Palaeoceanology Unit, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, University of Szczecin, ul. Mickiewicza 16A, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Grażyna Kowalewska
- Marine Pollution Laboratory, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
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25
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Cole RF, Mills GA, Bakir A, Townsend I, Gravell A, Fones GR. A simple, low cost GC/MS method for the sub-nanogram per litre measurement of organotins in coastal water. MethodsX 2016; 3:490-6. [PMID: 27504267 PMCID: PMC4969258 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is a legacy pollutant in the aquatic environment, predominantly from its use in anti-foulant paints and is listed as a priority hazardous substance in the European Union’s Water Framework Directive (WFD). Measuring low concentrations of TBT and other organotins (e.g. monobutyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT), diphenyltin (DPhT) and triphenyltin (TPhT)) at sub ng/L concentrations in coastal waters using standard laboratory instrumentation is very challenging. Conventional, low injection volume gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) combined with liquid-liquid extraction typically achieves limits of detection for TBT ∼10 ng L−1. We describe a simple, programmed temperature vaporisation-large injection volume (50 μL), GC/MS selected ion monitoring method for measuring DBT, TBT, DPhT and TPhT in coastal waters at lower concentrations. Quantification of MBT was not possible using these injection volumes but was achieved using a 10 μL injection volume together with a reduced injection speed. This new approach offers: When using a 50 μL injection, limits of detection = 0.70 ng L−1 and limits of quantification = 2.1 ng L−1 for TBT were achieved in derivatised standards. Recoveries of TBT and TPhT from coastal water >97%. Time consuming, off-line sample pre-concentration methods are unnecessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell F Cole
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK
| | - Graham A Mills
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Adil Bakir
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK
| | - Ian Townsend
- South West Water Ltd., Bridge Road, Countess Wear, Exeter EX2 7AA, UK
| | - Anthony Gravell
- Natural Resources Wales, Llanelli Laboratory, 19 Penyfai Lane, Furnace, Llanelli SA15 4EL, UK
| | - Gary R Fones
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK
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26
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Filipkowska A, Lubecki L. Endocrine disruptors in blue mussels and sediments from the Gulf of Gdańsk (Southern Baltic). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:13864-76. [PMID: 27032637 PMCID: PMC4943992 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Samples of blue mussel (Mytilus trossulus) and sediment were collected in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Southern Baltic Sea) to assess the extent of their contamination with two groups of endocrine disruptors: 4-nonylphenols and organotins (butyl- and phenyltins). Five sampling stations were chosen along the coastline of the Tricity Agglomeration (Gdańsk, Sopot, Gdynia) in 2008, 2012, and 2013. No evident differences between the three campaigns were found in either the mussel or the sediment samples. The mussels were moderately contaminated with 4-nonylphenols (30-111 ng g(-1) d.w.), whereas the levels of these compounds in the sediment samples were very low (0.8-2.7 ng g(-1) d.w.). Total concentrations of butyltin compounds in the mussels and sediments ranged between 41 and 164 ng Sn g(-1) d.w., and from below the limit of detection to 22 ng Sn g(-1) d.w., respectively, whereas phenyltins were not detected in any of the samples. Butyltin degradation indices indicate an old tributyltin input into the coastal environment, which is characterized by intense maritime activity. The results obtained from this work demonstrate that 5 years after the total ban on using organotin-based antifouling paints was imposed, butyltins are still present in mussels and sediments of the Gulf of Gdańsk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Filipkowska
- Marine Pollution Laboratory, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland.
| | - Ludwik Lubecki
- Marine Pollution Laboratory, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland
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27
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Whitall D, Pait A, Hartwell SI. Chemical contaminants in surficial sediment in Coral and Fish Bays, St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mar Environ Res 2015; 112:1-8. [PMID: 26427342 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Land based sources of pollution have the potential to negatively impact coral reef ecosystems. Many coral systems, including environmentally sensitive marine protected areas, do not have assessments of their chemical contaminant status (magnitude and extent). Without a status assessment, it is impossible to measure change in a system. This study presents surficial sediment data from Coral and Fish Bays (St. John, US Virgin Islands (USVI)). Portions of these bays are included in Virgin Islands National Park, and Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument. A suite of analytes (PCBs, PAHs, pesticides, heavy metals, butyltins) was quantified and compared against other regional data and against previously published sediment quality guidelines (SQG). Contamination from toxic contaminants in the system was generally low when compared to other similar studies and potential toxicity thresholds (SQG). Exceptions to this were copper and total chlordane which exceeded the Effects Range Low (ERL) sediment quality guideline, indicating possible sediment toxicity. This assessment will be useful to coastal managers for tracking environmental change, and ensuring that this marine protected area remains relatively free from toxic contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Whitall
- Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, NOAA, United States.
| | - Anthony Pait
- Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, NOAA, United States
| | - S Ian Hartwell
- Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, NOAA, United States
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28
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Bolam T, Barry J, Law RJ, James D, Thomas B, Bolam SG. A temporal and spatial assessment of TBT concentrations at dredged material disposal sites around the coast of England and Wales. Mar Pollut Bull 2014; 79:326-332. [PMID: 24368118 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite legislative interventions since the 1980s, contemporary concentrations of organotin compounds in marine sediments still impose restrictions on the disposal of dredged material in the UK. Here, we analyse temporal and spatial data to assess the effectiveness of the ban on the use of TBT paints in reducing concentrations at disposal sites. At a national scale, there was a statistically significant increase in the proportion of samples in which the concentration was below the limit of detection (LOD) from 1998 to 2010. This was observed for sediments both inside and outside the disposal sites. However, this temporal decline in organotin concentration is disposal site-specific. Of the four sites studied in detail, two displayed significant increases in proportion of samples below LOD over time. We argue that site-specificity in the effectiveness of the TBT ban results from variations in historical practices at source and unique environmental characteristics of each site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Bolam
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK.
| | - Jon Barry
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Robin J Law
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - David James
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Boby Thomas
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Stefan G Bolam
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
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29
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Chahinian N, Bancon-Montigny C, Brunel V, Aubert G, Salles C, Marchand P, Rodier C, Seidel JL, Gayrard E, Hernandez F, Perrin JL, Tournoud MG. Temporal and spatial variability of organotins in an intermittent Mediterranean river. J Environ Manage 2013; 128:173-181. [PMID: 23747368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Organotin compounds (OTs) are exclusively anthropogenic and have been widely used for their biocidal properties and as stabilizers in various industrial applications. Hence organotins are common pollutants. Their high toxicity has led to their entry on the EU water framework's priority substances' list. However, few studies are available regarding their behaviour in surface waters, in particular, in intermittent Mediterranean rivers. The Vène is an intermittent river located in Languedoc-Roussillon, southern France. It is the main tributary of an important shellfish farming site: the Thau lagoon. The present study aims at establishing the presence of OTs on a 1.5 km long reach of the river into which a waste water treatment plant (WWTP) discharges. The study is carried out during steady-state flow conditions over two consecutive years and investigates potential OTs sources in everyday domestic activities. Routine field monitoring was carried out over a 5 month period during the springs of 2008 and 2009. The results establish the presence of butyltins and octyltins throughout the 1.5 km long reach at concentrations exceeding the maximum allowable concentration levels imposed by the water framework directive. The WWTP is recognized as an important OTs point source; however, using trace and rare earth elements as tracers, an urban stormwater sewage gutter is identified as a secondary source. Its impact on the river's pollutant loads is however variable in time because of flow intermittency. The paper discusses the need for specific monitoring and management schemes for intermittent rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chahinian
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, Case courrier MSE, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Zhang J, Zuo Z, Zhu W, Sun P, Wang C. Sex-different effects of tributyltin on brain aromatase, estrogen receptor and retinoid X receptor gene expression in rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus). Mar Environ Res 2013; 90:113-118. [PMID: 23850073 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Since the brain plays important roles in reproduction, the brain aromatase (Cyp19b), estrogen receptor (ER), retinoid X receptor (RXR) α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ were examined in rockfish after TBT exposure (1, 10, and 100 ng L(-1)). The results showed that the Cyp19b expression was elevated in the male rockfish, while no effect was produced in the females. Inconsistently, serum testosterone and 17β-estradiol showed no change in the males, while an increase of testosterone and a decrease of 17β-estradiol were observed in the females. TBT affected the ER expression in the males depending on the concentrations, however, no change was observed in the females. In addition, TBT elevated the RXRα expression in the males but produced an opposite effect in the females. In conclusion, TBT might have had sex-different effects on the brain Cyp19b, ER and RXR expression in rockfish, indicating a complex endocrine disrupting effect of TBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
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Beker van Woudenberg A, Wolterbeek A, Te Brake L, Snel C, Menke A, Rubingh C, de Groot D, Kroese D. A category approach to predicting the developmental (neuro) toxicity of organotin compounds: the value of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryotoxicity test (ZET). Reprod Toxicol 2013; 41:35-44. [PMID: 23796951 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish embryos were exposed to different organotin compounds during very early development (<100h post fertilization). Morphology, histopathology and swimming activity (in a motor activity test) were the endpoints analyzed. DBTC was, by far, the most embryotoxic compound at all time points and endpoints studied. In fact, we observed a clear concordance between the effects observed in our zebrafish embryo model, and those observed with these compounds in full rodent in vivo studies. All organotin compounds classified as developmental (neuro) toxicants in vivo, were correctly classified in the present assay. Together, our results support the ZET model as a valuable tool for providing biological verification for a grouping and a read-across approach to developmental (neuro) toxicity.
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