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Assessment of Cardiovascular Function in Childhood Leukemia Survivors: The Role of the Right Heart. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9111731. [PMID: 36421180 PMCID: PMC9688880 DOI: 10.3390/children9111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors who underwent chemotherapy with anthracyclines have an increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of the study was to evaluate left and right cardiac chamber performances and vascular endothelial function in childhood ALL survivors. Fifty-four ALL survivors and 37 healthy controls were enrolled. All patients underwent auxological evaluation, blood pressure measurements, biochemical parameters of endothelial dysfunction, flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery, mean common carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT), antero-posterior diameter of the infra-renal abdominal aorta (APAO), and echocardiographic assessment. The ALL subjects had significantly lower FMD (p = 0.0041), higher left (p = 0.0057) and right (p = 0.0021) echocardiographic/Doppler Tei index (the non-invasive index for combined systolic and diastolic ventricular function) as compared to controls. Tricuspid annular plane excursion (TAPSE) was 16.9 ± 1.2 mm vs. 24.5 ± 3.7 mm, p < 0.0001. Cumulative anthracycline doses were related to TAPSE (p < 0.001). The ALL survivors treated with anthracyclines demonstrated systo/diastolic alterations of the right ventricle and reduced endothelial function compared with healthy controls. The early recognition of subclinical cardiac and vascular impairment during follow up is of utmost importance for the cardiologist to implement strategies preventing overt cardiovascular disease considering the growing number of young adults cured after childhood ALL.
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Cardiotoxicity: A Major Setback in Childhood Leukemia Treatment. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:8828410. [PMID: 33505537 PMCID: PMC7810535 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8828410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing research in the field of pediatric oncology has led to an increased number of childhood cancer survivors reaching adulthood. Therefore, ensuring a good quality of life for these patients has become a rising priority. Considering this, the following review focuses on summarizing the most recent research in anthracycline-induced cardiac toxicity in children treated for leukemia. For pediatric cancers, anthracyclines are one of the most used anticancer drugs, with over half of the childhood cancer survivors believed to have been exposed to them. Anthracyclines cause irreversible cardiomyocyte loss, leading to chronic, progressive heart failure. The risk of developing cardiotoxicity has been known to increase with the treatment-free interval and total cumulative dose. However, because of individual variations in anthracycline metabolism, it has recently been shown that there is no risk-free dose. Moreover, studies have shown that diagnosing anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy in the symptomatic phase is associated with poor treatment response and prognosis. Thus, early and systematic evaluation of these patients is crucial to allow optimal therapeutic intervention. Although currently echocardiographic assessment of left ventricle ejection fraction and cardiac biomarker evaluation are being used for cardiac function monitoring in oncologic patients, there is no established follow-up and treatment protocol for these patients, and these methods are neither specific nor sensitive for identifying early cardiac dysfunction. All things considered, the need for ongoing research in the field of pediatric cardiooncology is crucial to offer these patients a chance at a good quality of life as adults.
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Birari L, Wagh S, Patil KR, Mahajan UB, Unger B, Belemkar S, Goyal SN, Ojha S, Patil CR. Aloin alleviates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats by abrogating oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 86:419-426. [PMID: 32812061 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04125-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aloin, an anthraquinone present in the aloe species, possesses antiangiogenic, chemopreventive and antioxidant properties. It exerts cytotoxicity against breast cancer and ovarian cancer cell lines. These properties of aloin project it as a chemopreventive adjuvant to anticancer chemotherapy. METHODS We evaluated the effect of concurrent oral administration of aloin against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. The protective effects of aloin against DOX-induced toxicity were evident as a statistically significant inhibition of a rise in the biochemical markers of myocardial damage including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). RESULTS Aloin dose dependently inhibited the DOX-induced changes in ECG like increased ST-height and prolonged QT interval. It protected heart against the lipid peroxidation and restored the levels of antioxidative defenses: reduced glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase. Aloin prominently reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines- TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Notably, the significant protective effects of aloin were evident even at the strikingly lower doses of 1 and 5 mg/kg per day. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the necessity to further investigate the chemopreventive effects of aloin against other chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Birari
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Dist. Dhule, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shivani Wagh
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Dist. Dhule, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kalpesh R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Dist. Dhule, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Umesh B Mahajan
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Dist. Dhule, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Banappa Unger
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, India
| | - Sateesh Belemkar
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM & NMIMS, MPTP, Dist. Dhule, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Chandragouda R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Dist. Dhule, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India.
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Nguyen KL, Hu P, Ennis DB, Shao J, Pham KA, Chen JJ. Cardiac MRI: a Translational Imaging Tool for Characterizing Anthracycline-Induced Myocardial Remodeling. Curr Oncol Rep 2017; 18:48. [PMID: 27292153 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-016-0533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular side effects of cancer therapeutics are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in cancer survivors. Anthracyclines (AC) serve as the backbone of many anti-cancer treatment strategies, but dose-dependent myocardial injury limits their use. Cumulative AC exposure can disrupt the dynamic equilibrium of the myocardial microarchitecture while repeated injury and repair leads to myocyte loss, interstitial myocardial fibrosis, and impaired contractility. Although children are assumed to have greater myocardial plasticity, AC exposure at a younger age portends worse prognosis. In older patients, there is lower overall survival once they develop cardiovascular disease. Because aberrations in the myocardial architecture predispose the heart to a decline in function, early detection with sensitive imaging tools is crucial and the implications for resource utilization are substantial. As a comprehensive imaging modality, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is able to go beyond quantification of ejection fraction and myocardial deformation to characterize adaptive microstructural and microvascular changes that are important to myocardial tissue health. Herein, we describe CMR as an established translational imaging tool that can be used clinically to characterize AC-associated myocardial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Lien Nguyen
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, MC 111E, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
| | - Peng Hu
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel B Ennis
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiaxin Shao
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly A Pham
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, MC 111E, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Joseph J Chen
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, MC 111E, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
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Song FY, Shi J, Guo Y, Zhang CJ, Xu YC, Zhang QL, Shu XH, Cheng LL. Assessment of biventricular systolic strain derived from the two-dimensional and three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in lymphoma patients after anthracycline therapy. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 33:857-868. [PMID: 28255826 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-017-1082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) for assessment of both left and right ventricular systolic function in patients with lymphoma after anthracycline chemotherapy, compared with two-dimensional (2D) STE. Totally eighty-nine patients undergoing anthracycline containing chemotherapy were studied. Echocardiographic assessment included 2D and 3D left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS) and right ventricular (RV) GLS. All the parameters were analyzed at baseline, after the completion of four cycles and at the end of the regimen respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to determine the capability of various echocardiographic parameters to discriminate between before and after chemotherapy. Compared with those at baseline, the 3D GLS and GCS of LV and GLS of RV decreased significantly after four cycles of the therapy (all p < 0.01). At the end of the treatment, 2D GLS and GCS of LV deteriorated markedly (both p < 0.05). The area under the curve for GLS, GCS of LV and GLS of RV derived by 3D were 0.81, 0.66 and 0.78, respectively. The cutoff value with -20.4% of LV GLS by 3D had sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 66% for differentiating patients after therapy from baselines. The cutoff value with -21.9% of RV GLS by 3D had sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 74% fordifferentiating patients after therapy from baselines. The data from this study demonstrated that both 2D and 3D STE can be conducted to evaluate the slight myocardial damage for lymphoma patients after anthracycline chemotherapy. 3D STE could examine subclinical biventricular dysfunction in earlier point than 2D STE.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Anthracyclines/adverse effects
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/adverse effects
- Area Under Curve
- Biomarkers/blood
- Biomechanical Phenomena
- Cardiotoxicity
- Early Diagnosis
- Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed
- Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional
- Female
- Heart Diseases/blood
- Heart Diseases/chemically induced
- Heart Diseases/diagnostic imaging
- Heart Diseases/physiopathology
- Humans
- Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Observer Variation
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prospective Studies
- ROC Curve
- Reproducibility of Results
- Risk Factors
- Stress, Mechanical
- Systole
- Time Factors
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Function, Right/drug effects
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Yan Song
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ye Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Chu-Jie Zhang
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu-Chen Xu
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qun-Ling Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xian-Hong Shu
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei-Lei Cheng
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Arpaci T, Kilicarslan Toruner E. Assessment of problems and symptoms in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2016; 25:1034-1043. [PMID: 27647691 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Significant physical and psychosocial problems and related symptoms are observed in cancer survivors after treatment as well as during the treatment period. This study was aimed to assess problems and symptoms in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) survivors. Study was applied in three hospitals in Ankara/Turkey with 91 children who were diagnosed and treated with ALL and with their family. Data were collected using the data collection form developed by the researchers. The variables were investigated using the Mann-Whitney U and chi-square test. The most common physical problems and symptoms seen in survivors are respiratory system infections (40.7%), reduction in bone mineral density (26.4%), exercise intolerance (45.1%), pain (41.8%) and fatigue (29.7%). Among the most frequent social problems experienced, educational problems (19.8%) is indicated. In children carrying increased duration of therapy, urinary system infections (p = .016), anorexia (0.020) and pain (p = .007) rates are increasing. Many problems and symptoms related to disease and treatment in survivors of ALL have been realised. Therefore, planning and implementation of nursing interventions required to sustaining and developing survivor's health status are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arpaci
- Nursing Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Järvelä LS, Saraste M, Niinikoski H, Hannukainen JC, Heinonen OJ, Lähteenmäki PM, Arola M, Kemppainen J. Home-Based Exercise Training Improves Left Ventricle Diastolic Function in Survivors of Childhood ALL: A Tissue Doppler and Velocity Vector Imaging Study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:1629-35. [PMID: 27198652 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced echocardiographic methods may reveal signs of late anthracycline cardiac toxicity (ACT) even in asymptomatic patients. We studied echocardiographic tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and velocity vector imaging (VVI) in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) before and after an exercise intervention. METHODS Twenty-one asymptomatic, anthracycline-treated, long-term childhood ALL survivors with matched controls were studied at baseline. Seventeen of the survivors participated in a 3-month home-based exercise program. Echocardiography with TDI and VVI was performed. RESULTS At baseline, ejection fraction (60.7 ± 4.7% vs. 62.3 ± 3.7%, P = 0.22) and fractional shortening (32.6 ± 3.1% vs. 34.0 ± 2.8%, P = 0.13) were similar in survivors and controls. Lateral early diastolic mitral annulus velocity E' (32.81 ± 5.71 cm/sec vs. 38.03 ± 6.21 cm/sec, P = 0.01), E'/A' (1.60 ± 0.48 vs. 2.07 ± 0.63, P = 0.01), and E/E' (2.78 ± 0.35 vs. 2.42 ± 0.62, P = 0.04) were impaired compared to controls. Peak circumferential strain and strain rate were attenuated at apex (-24.50 ± 3.46% vs. -28.06 ± 4.39%, P = 0.01 and -1.47 ± 0.22 sec(-1) vs. -1.68 ± 0.33 sec(-1) , P = 0.02) compared to controls. After the intervention, early diastolic mitral inflow velocity E (87.76 ± 12.54 cm/s vs. 95.28 ± 10.48 cm/s, P = 0.04) and E' increased (31.78 ± 5.50 cm/s vs. 34.96 ± 5.41 cm/s, P < 0.01). Peak circumferential systolic and diastolic strain rates at mid-level (-1.22 ± 0.21 sec(-1) vs. -1.35 ± 0.24 sec(-1) , P = 0.04 and 1.25 ± 0.25 sec(-1) vs. 1.48 ± 0.35 sec(-1) , P < 0.01) improved after the exercise program. CONCLUSIONS A simple home-based exercise program improved cardiac function in asymptomatic childhood ALL survivors. Adding TDI in routine echocardiographic examination may improve the recognition of early signs of ACT, and VVI may bring additional information. The improvements in cardiac function after the exercise program emphasize the importance of physical activity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa S Järvelä
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markku Saraste
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Olli J Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Department of Health and Physical activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi M Lähteenmäki
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Arola
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Kemppainen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Fanous I, Dillon P. Cancer treatment-related cardiac toxicity: prevention, assessment and management. Med Oncol 2016; 33:84. [PMID: 27372782 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapies, especially anthracyclines and monoclonal antibodies, have been linked with increased rates of cardiotoxicity. The development of some cardiac side effects happens over several months, and changes in ejection fraction can be detected long before permanent damage or disability occurs. Advanced heart failure could be averted with better and earlier detection. Methodologies for early detection of cardiac changes include stress echocardiograms, cardiac velocity measurements, radionuclide imaging, cardiac MRI and several potential biomarkers. Many agents have been described for prophylaxis of cardiac events precipitated by cancer therapy. Prophylactic use of beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors may be considered for use with trastuzumab in breast cancer as tolerated. Recovery of cardiac function is possible early after the injury from a cancer therapy. Late complications for coronary artery disease, hypertension and arrhythmia are underappreciated. Treatments for severe cancer therapy-related cardiac complications follow the existing paradigms for congestive heart failure and coronary artery disease, although outcomes for cancer patients differ from outcomes for non-cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Fanous
- UVA Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, UVA Box 800716, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Patrick Dillon
- UVA Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, UVA Box 800716, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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