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Berry N, Mee ET, Almond N, Rose NJ. The Impact and Effects of Host Immunogenetics on Infectious Disease Studies Using Non-Human Primates in Biomedical Research. Microorganisms 2024; 12:155. [PMID: 38257982 PMCID: PMC10818626 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding infectious disease pathogenesis and evaluating novel candidate treatment interventions for human use frequently requires prior or parallel analysis in animal model systems. While rodent species are frequently applied in such studies, there are situations where non-human primate (NHP) species are advantageous or required. These include studies of animals that are anatomically more akin to humans, where there is a need to interrogate the complexity of more advanced biological systems or simply reflect susceptibility to a specific infectious agent. The contribution of different arms of the immune response may be addressed in a variety of NHP species or subspecies in specific physiological compartments. Such studies provide insights into immune repertoires not always possible from human studies. However, genetic variation in outbred NHP models may confound, or significantly impact the outcome of a particular study. Thus, host factors need to be considered when undertaking such studies. Considerable knowledge of the impact of host immunogenetics on infection dynamics was elucidated from HIV/SIV research. NHP models are now important for studies of emerging infections. They have contributed to delineating the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, which identified differences in outcomes attributable to the selected NHP host. Moreover, their use was crucial in evaluating the immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines against COVID-19 and establishing putative correlates of vaccine protection. More broadly, neglected or highly pathogenic emerging or re-emergent viruses may be studied in selected NHPs. These studies characterise protective immune responses following infection or the administration of candidate immunogens which may be central to the accelerated licensing of new vaccines. Here, we review selected aspects of host immunogenetics, specifically MHC background and TRIM5 polymorphism as exemplars of adaptive and innate immunity, in commonly used Old and New World host species. Understanding this variation within and between NHP species will ensure that this valuable laboratory source is used most effectively to combat established and emerging virus infections and improve human health worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Berry
- Research & Development—Science, Research and Innovation, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK; (E.T.M.); (N.A.); (N.J.R.)
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2
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Isolation of a Highly Purified HSC-enriched CD34 +CD90 +CD45RA - Cell Subset for Allogeneic Transplantation in the Nonhuman Primate Large-animal Model. Transplant Direct 2020; 6:e579. [PMID: 33134503 PMCID: PMC7581184 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a common treatment for patients suffering from different hematological disorders. Allo-HCT in combination with hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy is considered a promising treatment option for millions of patients with HIV+ and acute myeloid leukemia. Most currently available HSC gene therapy approaches target CD34-enriched cell fractions, a heterogeneous mix of mostly progenitor cells and only very few HSCs with long-term multilineage engraftment potential. As a consequence, gene therapy approaches are currently limited in their HSC targeting efficiency, very expensive consuming huge quantities of modifying reagents, and can lead to unwanted side effects in nontarget cells. We have previously shown that purified CD34+CD90+CD45RA− cells are enriched for multipotent HSCs with long-term multilineage engraftment potential, which can reconstitute the entire hematopoietic system in an autologous nonhuman primate transplant model. Here, we tested the feasibility of transplantation with purified CD34+CD90+CD45RA− cells in the allogeneic setting in a nonhuman primate model.
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3
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Shortreed CG, Wiseman RW, Karl JA, Bussan HE, Baker DA, Prall TM, Haj AK, Moreno GK, Penedo MCT, O'Connor DH. Characterization of 100 extended major histocompatibility complex haplotypes in Indonesian cynomolgus macaques. Immunogenetics 2020; 72:225-239. [PMID: 32112172 PMCID: PMC7223175 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-020-01159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many medical advancements—including improvements to anti-rejection therapies in transplantation and vaccine development—rely on preclinical studies conducted in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II genes of cynomolgus macaques are orthologous to human leukocyte antigen complex (HLA) class I and class II genes, respectively. Both encode cell-surface proteins involved in cell recognition and rejection of non-host tissues. MHC class I and class II genes are highly polymorphic, so comprehensive genotyping requires the development of complete databases of allelic variants. Our group used PacBio circular consensus sequencing of full-length cDNA amplicons to characterize MHC class I and class II transcript sequences for a cohort of 293 Indonesian cynomolgus macaques (ICM) in a large, pedigreed breeding colony. These studies allowed us to expand the existing database of Macaca fascicularis (Mafa) alleles by identifying an additional 141 MHC class I and 61 class II transcript sequences. In addition, we defined co-segregating combinations of allelic variants as regional haplotypes for 70 Mafa-A, 78 Mafa-B, and 45 Mafa-DRB gene clusters. Finally, we defined class I and class II transcripts that are associated with 100 extended MHC haplotypes in this breeding colony by combining our genotyping analyses with short tandem repeat (STR) patterns across the MHC region. Our sequencing analyses and haplotype definitions improve the utility of these ICM for transplantation studies as well as infectious disease and vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia G Shortreed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Roger W Wiseman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53711, USA.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Julie A Karl
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Hailey E Bussan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - David A Baker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Trent M Prall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Amelia K Haj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Gage K Moreno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | | | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53711, USA. .,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.
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4
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Kobayashi K, Tsukiyama T, Nakaya M, Kageyama S, Tomita K, Murai R, Yoshida T, Narita M, Kawauchi A, Ema M. Generation of an OCT3/4 reporter cynomolgus monkey ES cell line using CRISPR/Cas9. Stem Cell Res 2019; 37:101439. [PMID: 31005787 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cynomolgus monkey ES (Cyn ES) cells can be generated in a similar manner as human ES cells. However, Cyn ES cells are difficult to maintain in an undifferentiated state by untrained researchers. For easier culture, we generated an OCT3/4-P2A tdTomato IRES ZeocinR Cyn ES cell line using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology. The stop codon of the endogenous OCT3/4 locus was replaced with the P2A tdTomato IRES ZeocinR pA cassette by homologous recombination. This cell line enables us to isolate pluripotent stem cells and exclude differentiated cells by addition of zeocin, especially for culture without feeder cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoyuki Tsukiyama
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Japan.
| | - Masataka Nakaya
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Susumu Kageyama
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Keiji Tomita
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Murai
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Narita
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kawauchi
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Japan.
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5
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Liu Z, Cai Y, Liao Z, Xu Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Jiang X, Li Y, Lu Y, Nie Y, Zhang X, Li C, Bian X, Poo MM, Chang HC, Sun Q. Cloning of a gene-edited macaque monkey by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Natl Sci Rev 2019; 6:101-108. [PMID: 34691835 PMCID: PMC8291622 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cloning of macaque monkeys by somatic cell nucleus transfer (SCNT) allows the generation of monkeys with uniform genetic backgrounds that are useful for the development of non-human primate models of human diseases. Here, we report the feasibility of this approach by SCNT of fibroblasts from a macaque monkey (Macaca fascicularis), in which a core circadian transcription factor BMAL1 was knocked out by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 gene editing (see accompanying paper). Out of 325 SCNT embryos transferred into 65 surrogate monkeys, we cloned five macaque monkeys with BMAL1 mutations in both alleles without mosaicism, with nuclear genes identical to that of the fibroblast donor monkey. Further peripheral blood mRNA analysis confirmed the complete absence of the wild-type BMAL1 transcript. This study demonstrates that the SCNT approach could be used to generate cloned monkeys from fibroblasts of a young adult monkeys and paves the way for the development of macaque monkey disease models with uniform genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yijun Cai
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhaodi Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhanyang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuzhuo Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yong Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanhong Nie
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinyan Bian
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mu-ming Poo
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hung-Chun Chang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
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KANTHASWAMY SREETHARAN, OLDT ROBERTF, NG JILLIAN, SMITH DAVIDGLENN, MARTÍNEZ MELWEENI, SARIOL CARLOSA. Determination of major histocompatibility class I and class II genetic composition of the Caribbean Primate Center specific pathogen-free rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) colony based on massively parallel sequencing. J Med Primatol 2018; 47:379-387. [PMID: 29971797 PMCID: PMC6234078 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) composition and distribution in rhesus macaque colonies is critical for management strategies that maximize the utility of this model for biomedical research. METHODS Variation within the Mamu-A and Mamu-B (class I) and DRB, DQA/B, and DPA/B (class II) regions of 379 animals from the Caribbean Primate Research Center's (CPRC) specific pathogen free (SPF) colony was examined using massively parallel sequencing. RESULTS Analyses of the 7 MHC loci revealed a background of Indian origin with high levels of variation despite past genetic bottlenecks. All loci exhibited mutual linkage disequilibria while conforming to Hardy-Weinberg expectations suggesting the achievement of mutation-selection balance. CONCLUSION The CPRC's SPF colony is a significant resource for research on AIDS and other infectious agents. Characterizing colony-wide MHC variability facilitates the breeding and selection of animals bearing desired haplotypes and increases the investigator's ability to understand the immune responses mounted by these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- SREETHARAN KANTHASWAMY
- California National Primate Research Center, University of
California, Davis, CA, USA
- School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University
(ASU) at the West Campus, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - ROBERT F. OLDT
- School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University
(ASU) at the West Campus, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - JILLIAN NG
- California National Primate Research Center, University of
California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - DAVID GLENN SMITH
- California National Primate Research Center, University of
California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - MELWEEN I. MARTÍNEZ
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical
Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - CARLOS A. SARIOL
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical
Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto
Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences
Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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7
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Evidence for persistence of the SHIV reservoir early after MHC haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4438. [PMID: 30361514 PMCID: PMC6202377 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic transplantation (allo-HCT) has led to the cure of HIV in one individual, raising the question of whether transplantation can eradicate the HIV reservoir. To test this, we here present a model of allo-HCT in SHIV-infected, cART-suppressed nonhuman primates. We infect rhesus macaques with SHIV-1157ipd3N4, suppress them with cART, then transplant them using MHC-haploidentical allogeneic donors during continuous cART. Transplant results in ~100% myeloid donor chimerism, and up to 100% T-cell chimerism. Between 9 and 47 days post-transplant, terminal analysis shows that while cell-associated SHIV DNA levels are reduced in the blood and in lymphoid organs post-transplant, the SHIV reservoir persists in multiple organs, including the brain. Sorting of donor-vs.-recipient cells reveals that this reservoir resides in recipient cells. Moreover, tetramer analysis indicates a lack of virus-specific donor immunity post-transplant during continuous cART. These results suggest that early post-transplant, allo-HCT is insufficient for recipient reservoir eradication despite high-level donor chimerism and GVHD. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) has led to the cure of HIV in one individual, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors present a model of allo-HCT in SHIV-infected nonhuman primates and show that the SHIV reservoir persists in multiple tissues early after transplantation.
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8
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Liu Z, Cai Y, Wang Y, Nie Y, Zhang C, Xu Y, Zhang X, Lu Y, Wang Z, Poo M, Sun Q. Cloning of Macaque Monkeys by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Cell 2018; 172:881-887.e7. [PMID: 29395327 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Generation of genetically uniform non-human primates may help to establish animal models for primate biology and biomedical research. In this study, we have successfully cloned cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). We found that injection of H3K9me3 demethylase Kdm4d mRNA and treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A at one-cell stage following SCNT greatly improved blastocyst development and pregnancy rate of transplanted SCNT embryos in surrogate monkeys. For SCNT using fetal monkey fibroblasts, 6 pregnancies were confirmed in 21 surrogates and yielded 2 healthy babies. For SCNT using adult monkey cumulus cells, 22 pregnancies were confirmed in 42 surrogates and yielded 2 babies that were short-lived. In both cases, genetic analyses confirmed that the nuclear DNA and mitochondria DNA of the monkey offspring originated from the nucleus donor cell and the oocyte donor monkey, respectively. Thus, cloning macaque monkeys by SCNT is feasible using fetal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Cai
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Nie
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanyang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Muming Poo
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Saka T, Nishita Y, Masuda R. Low genetic variation in the MHC class II DRB gene and MHC-linked microsatellites in endangered island populations of the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) in Japan. Immunogenetics 2017; 70:115-124. [PMID: 28689276 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-017-1020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Isolated populations of the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) on Tsushima and Iriomote islands in Japan are classified as subspecies P. b. euptilurus and P. b. iriomotensis, respectively. Because both populations have decreased to roughly 100, an understanding of their genetic diversity is essential for conservation. We genotyped MHC class II DRB exon 2 and MHC-linked microsatellite loci to evaluate the diversity of MHC genes in the Tsushima and Iriomote cat populations. We detected ten and four DRB alleles in these populations, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis showed DRB alleles from both populations to be closely related to those in other felid DRB lineages, indicating trans-species polymorphism. The MHC-linked microsatellites were more polymorphic in the Tsushima than in the Iriomote population. The MHC diversity of both leopard cat populations is much lower than in the domestic cat populations on these islands, probably due to inbreeding associated with founder effects, geographical isolation, or genetic drift. Our results predict low resistance of the two endangered populations to new pathogens introduced to the islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Saka
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nishita
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Masuda
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
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10
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Guo M, Xian QY, Rao Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Huang ZX, Wang X, Bao R, Zhou L, Liu JB, Tang ZJ, Guo DY, Qin C, Li JL, Ho WZ. SIV Infection Facilitates Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection of Rhesus Macaques. Front Microbiol 2017; 7:2174. [PMID: 28133458 PMCID: PMC5233680 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a common opportunistic infection and the leading cause of death for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Thus, it is necessary to understand the pathogenetic interactions between M.tb and HIV infection. In this study, we examined M.tb and/or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of Chinese rhesus macaques. While there was little evidence that M.tb enhanced SIV infection of macaques, SIV could facilitate M.tb infection as demonstrated by X-rays, pathological and microbiological findings. Chest X-rays showed that co-infected animals had disseminated lesions in both left and right lungs, while M.tb mono-infected animals displayed the lesions only in right lungs. Necropsy of co-infected animals revealed a disseminated M.tb infection not only in the lungs but also in the extrapulmonary organs including spleen, pancreas, liver, kidney, and heart. The bacterial counts in the lungs, the bronchial lymph nodes, and the extrapulmonary organs of co-infected animals were significantly higher than those of M.tb mono-infected animals. The mechanistic studies demonstrated that two of three co-infected animals had lower levels of M.tb specific IFN-γ and IL-22 in PBMCs than M.tb mono-infected animals. These findings suggest that Chinese rhesus macaque is a suitable and alternative non-human primate model for SIV/M.tb coinfection studies. The impairment of the specific anti-TB immunity is likely to be a contributor of SIV-mediated enhancement M.tb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiao-Yang Xian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Rao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Bao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jin-Biao Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Jiao Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - De-Yin Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
| | - Jie-Liang Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wen-Zhe Ho
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Liu H, Xiao QH, Liu JB, Li JL, Zhou L, Xian QY, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang X, Ho WZ, Zhuang K. SIV Infection Impairs the Central Nervous System in Chinese Rhesus Macaques. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2016; 11:592-600. [PMID: 27154032 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) impairment is a consequence seen in SIV infection of rhesus macaques of Indian-origin, which is more common in infected macaques with rapid disease progression than in those with conventional disease progression. Here, we investigated the CNS damages in SIVmac239-infected Chinese rhesus macaques. We demonstrated that SIV infection of Chinese macaques could cause neuropathological impairments, which was evidenced by appearance of SIV-RNA positive cells, the infiltration of activated macrophages and abundant multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) in the different regions of the brains. The animals with high viremia and short survival time (average of 16 weeks, rapid progression, RP) had severer neuropathological changes than those with conventional progression (CP). As compared with the RP animals, CP macaques had lower viremia and much longer survival time (average of 154 weeks). These findings indicate that SIVmac239 infection of Chinese rhesus macaque can be used as a suitable animal model and alternative resource for nueroAIDS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- ABSL-III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Hao Xiao
- ABSL-III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Biao Liu
- ABSL-III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Liang Li
- ABSL-III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Li Zhou
- ABSL-III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Yang Xian
- ABSL-III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- ABSL-III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- ABSL-III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wen-Zhe Ho
- ABSL-III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ke Zhuang
- ABSL-III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Smith GR, Bauer L, Crane MM, Johnson ZP. Immunogenetic characterization of a captive colony of sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) used for SIV research. J Med Primatol 2015; 44:76-88. [PMID: 25645218 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African non-human primates are SIV natural hosts and do not develop disease following infection. Understanding disease avoidance mechanisms in these species is important for HIV vaccine development. The largest captive population of sooty mangabeys, a SIV natural host species, resides at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center. METHODS Thirteen primer sets that amplify polymorphic microsatellite loci within the MHC region were used to genotype 144 animals. Immunogenetic Management Software (IMS) was used to identify MHC haplotypes and organize data. RESULTS Seventy-three haplotypes were identified. Limited haplotype diversity was observed in this population with 88.2% of included animals carrying one of 18 haplotypes. Differences in haplotype frequency were observed between SIV (+) and SIV (-) populations. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a novel tool for others to use in the analysis of the role of the MHC in a natural host non-human primate model species used for SIV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geary R Smith
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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13
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Establishment of a microsatellite set for noninvasive paternity testing in free-ranging Macaca mulatta tcheliensis in Mount Taihangshan area, Jiyuan, China. Zool Stud 2015; 54:e8. [PMID: 31966095 DOI: 10.1186/s40555-014-0100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within multi-male and multi-female mammalian societies, paternity assignment is crucial for evaluating male reproductive success, dominance hierarchy, and inbreeding avoidance. It is, however, difficult to determine paternity because of female promiscuity during reproduction. Noninvasive molecular techniques (e.g., fecal DNA) make it possible to match the genetic father to his offspring. In the current study, a troop of free-ranging Taihangshan macaques (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis) in Mt. Taihangshan area, Jiyuan, China, was selected for studying the paternity. We successfully screened a set of microsatellite loci from fecal DNA and evaluated the efficiency of these loci for paternity testing using clearly recorded data of maternity. RESULTS The results showed that: 1) ten loci out of 18 candidate microsatellite loci were amplified successfully in the fecal samples of Taihangshan macaques. The error probability in maternity assignments and paternity testing was very low as indicated by their power of discrimination (0.70 to 0.95), power of exclusion (0.43 to 0.84), and the values of polymorphic information content ranging from 0.52 to 0.82; 2) the combined probability of exclusion in paternity testing for ten qualified loci was as high as 99.999%, and the combined probability of exclusion reached 99.99% when the seven most polymorphic loci were adopted; 3) the offspring were assigned to their biological mother correctly and also matched with their genetic father. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the ten polymorphic microsatellite loci, especially a core set of seven most polymorphic loci, provided an effective and reliable tool for noninvasive paternity testing in free-ranging rhesus macaques.
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14
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Morris KM, Kirby K, Beatty JA, Barrs VR, Cattley S, David V, O'Brien SJ, Menotti-Raymond M, Belov K. Development of MHC-Linked Microsatellite Markers in the Domestic Cat and Their Use to Evaluate MHC Diversity in Domestic Cats, Cheetahs, and Gir Lions. J Hered 2014; 105:493-505. [PMID: 24620003 PMCID: PMC4048552 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esu017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversity within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) reflects the immunological fitness of a population. MHC-linked microsatellite markers provide a simple and an inexpensive method for studying MHC diversity in large-scale studies. We have developed 6 MHC-linked microsatellite markers in the domestic cat and used these, in conjunction with 5 neutral microsatellites, to assess MHC diversity in domestic mixed breed (n = 129) and purebred Burmese (n = 61) cat populations in Australia. The MHC of outbred Australian cats is polymorphic (average allelic richness = 8.52), whereas the Burmese population has significantly lower MHC diversity (average allelic richness = 6.81; P < 0.01). The MHC-linked microsatellites along with MHC cloning and sequencing demonstrated moderate MHC diversity in cheetahs (n = 13) and extremely low diversity in Gir lions (n = 13). Our MHC-linked microsatellite markers have potential future use in diversity and disease studies in other populations and breeds of cats as well as in wild felid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Morris
- From the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Morris, Kirby, Beatty, Barrs, and Belov); the ANGIS, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Cattley); the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 (David and Menotti-Raymond); the Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (O'Brien); and the Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796 (O'Brien)
| | - Katherine Kirby
- From the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Morris, Kirby, Beatty, Barrs, and Belov); the ANGIS, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Cattley); the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 (David and Menotti-Raymond); the Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (O'Brien); and the Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796 (O'Brien)
| | - Julia A Beatty
- From the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Morris, Kirby, Beatty, Barrs, and Belov); the ANGIS, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Cattley); the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 (David and Menotti-Raymond); the Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (O'Brien); and the Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796 (O'Brien)
| | - Vanessa R Barrs
- From the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Morris, Kirby, Beatty, Barrs, and Belov); the ANGIS, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Cattley); the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 (David and Menotti-Raymond); the Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (O'Brien); and the Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796 (O'Brien)
| | - Sonia Cattley
- From the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Morris, Kirby, Beatty, Barrs, and Belov); the ANGIS, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Cattley); the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 (David and Menotti-Raymond); the Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (O'Brien); and the Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796 (O'Brien)
| | - Victor David
- From the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Morris, Kirby, Beatty, Barrs, and Belov); the ANGIS, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Cattley); the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 (David and Menotti-Raymond); the Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (O'Brien); and the Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796 (O'Brien)
| | - Stephen J O'Brien
- From the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Morris, Kirby, Beatty, Barrs, and Belov); the ANGIS, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Cattley); the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 (David and Menotti-Raymond); the Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (O'Brien); and the Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796 (O'Brien)
| | - Marilyn Menotti-Raymond
- From the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Morris, Kirby, Beatty, Barrs, and Belov); the ANGIS, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Cattley); the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 (David and Menotti-Raymond); the Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (O'Brien); and the Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796 (O'Brien)
| | - Katherine Belov
- From the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Morris, Kirby, Beatty, Barrs, and Belov); the ANGIS, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Cattley); the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 (David and Menotti-Raymond); the Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (O'Brien); and the Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796 (O'Brien).
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15
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de Groot N, Doxiadis GGM, Otting N, de Vos-Rouweler AJM, Bontrop RE. Differential recombination dynamics within the MHC of macaque species. Immunogenetics 2014; 66:535-44. [PMID: 24934118 PMCID: PMC4156779 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-014-0783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A panel of 15 carefully selected microsatellites (short tandem repeats, STRs) has allowed us to study segregation and haplotype stability in various macaque species. The STRs span the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region and map in more detail from the centromeric part of the Mhc-A to the DR region. Two large panels of Indian rhesus and Indonesian/Indochinese cynomolgus macaques have been subjected to pedigree analysis, allowing the definition of 161 and 36 different haplotypes and the physical mapping of 10 and 5 recombination sites, respectively. Although most recombination sites within the studied section of the Indian rhesus monkey MHC are situated between the Mhc-A and Mhc-B regions, the resulting recombination rate for this genomic segment is low and similar to that in humans. In contrast, in Indonesian/Indochinese macaques, two recombination sites, which appear to be absent in rhesus macaques, map between the class III and II regions. As a result, the mean recombination frequency of the core MHC, Mhc-A to class II, is higher in Indonesian/Indochinese cynomolgus than in Indian rhesus macaques, but as such is comparable to that in humans. The present communication demonstrates that the dynamics of recombination 'hot/cold spots' in the MHC, as well as their frequencies, may differ substantially between highly related macaque species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanine de Groot
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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16
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Abstract
Large animal models have long served as the proving grounds for advances in transplantation, bridging the gap between inbred mouse experimentation and human clinical trials. Although a variety of species have been and continue to be used, the emergence of highly targeted biologic- and antibody-based therapies has required models to have a high degree of homology with humans. Thus, the nonhuman primate has become the model of choice in many settings. This article will provide an overview of nonhuman primate models of transplantation. Issues of primate genetics and care will be introduced, and a brief overview of technical aspects for various transplant models will be discussed. Finally, several prominent immunosuppressive and tolerance strategies used in primates will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Anderson
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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17
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Zhou Y, Bao R, Haigwood NL, Persidsky Y, Ho WZ. SIV infection of rhesus macaques of Chinese origin: a suitable model for HIV infection in humans. Retrovirology 2013; 10:89. [PMID: 23947613 PMCID: PMC3765527 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of Indian-origin rhesus macaques (RM) has been widely used as a well-established nonhuman primate (NHP) model for HIV/AIDS research. However, there have been a growing number of studies using Chinese RM to evaluate immunopathogenesis of SIV infection. In this paper, we have for the first time reviewed and discussed the major publications related to SIV or SHIV infection of Chinese RM in the past decades. We have compared the differences in the pathogenesis of SIV infection between Chinese RM and Indian RM with regard to viral infection, immunological response, and host genetic background. Given AIDS is a disease that affects humans of diverse origins, it is of importance to study animals with different geographical background. Therefore, to examine and compare results obtained from RM models of Indian and Chinese origins should lead to further validation and improvement of these animal models for HIV/AIDS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- The Center for Animal Experiment/ ABSL-III Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P,R, China
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18
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Xu YR, Li JH, Zhu Y, Sun BH. Development of a microsatellite set for paternity assignment of captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) from Anhui Province, China. RUSS J GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795413070144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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19
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Seekatz AM, Panda A, Rasko DA, Toapanta FR, Eloe-Fadrosh EA, Khan AQ, Liu Z, Shipley ST, DeTolla LJ, Sztein MB, Fraser CM. Differential response of the cynomolgus macaque gut microbiota to Shigella infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64212. [PMID: 23755118 PMCID: PMC3673915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the role of gut microbiota in response to live oral vaccines against enteric pathogens. We examined the effect of immunization with an oral live-attenuated Shigella dysenteriae 1 vaccine and challenge with wild-type S. dysenteriae 1 on the fecal microbiota of cynomolgus macaques using 16 S rRNA analysis of fecal samples. Multi-dimensional cluster analysis identified different bacterial community types within macaques from geographically distinct locations. The fecal microbiota of Mauritian macaques, observed to be genetically distinct, harbored a high-diversity community and responded differently to Shigella immunization, as well as challenge compared to the microbiota in non-Mauritian macaques. While both macaque populations exhibited anti-Shigella antibody responses, clinical shigellosis was observed only among non-Mauritian macaques. These studies highlight the importance of further investigation into the possible protective role of the microbiota against enteric pathogens and consideration of host genetic backgrounds in conducting vaccine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Seekatz
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aruna Panda
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David A. Rasko
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Franklin R. Toapanta
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Emiley A. Eloe-Fadrosh
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Abdul Q. Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven T. Shipley
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Louis J. DeTolla
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marcelo B. Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Claire M. Fraser
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Haplotype diversity generated by ancient recombination-like events in the MHC of Indian rhesus macaques. Immunogenetics 2013; 65:569-84. [PMID: 23715823 PMCID: PMC3710572 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-013-0707-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Mamu-A, Mamu-B, and Mamu-DRB genes of the rhesus macaque show several levels of complexity such as allelic heterogeneity (polymorphism), copy number variation, differential segregation of genes/alleles present on a haplotype (diversity) and transcription level differences. A combination of techniques was implemented to screen a large panel of pedigreed Indian rhesus macaques (1,384 individuals representing the offspring of 137 founding animals) for haplotype diversity in an efficient and inexpensive manner. This approach allowed the definition of 140 haplotypes that display a relatively low degree of region variation as reflected by the presence of only 17 A, 18 B and 22 DRB types, respectively, exhibiting a global linkage disequilibrium comparable to that in humans. This finding contrasts with the situation observed in rhesus macaques from other geographic origins and in cynomolgus monkeys from Indonesia. In these latter populations, nearly every haplotype appears to be characterised by a unique A, B and DRB region. In the Indian population, however, a reshuffling of existing segments generated “new” haplotypes. Since the recombination frequency within the core MHC of the Indian rhesus macaques is relatively low, the various haplotypes were most probably produced by recombination events that accumulated over a long evolutionary time span. This idea is in accord with the notion that Indian rhesus macaques experienced a severe reduction in population during the Pleistocene due to a bottleneck caused by geographic changes. Thus, recombination-like processes appear to be a way to expand a diminished genetic repertoire in an isolated and relatively small founder population.
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21
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Huang AY, Haining WN, Barkauskas DS, Myers JT, Petrosiute A, Garrett AP, Singh K, Cooke KR, Kean LS. Viewing transplantation immunology through today's lens: new models, new imaging, and new insights. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 19:S44-51. [PMID: 23092813 PMCID: PMC4437564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Y. Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - W. Nicholas Haining
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jay T. Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Agne Petrosiute
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Aneesah P. Garrett
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Karnail Singh
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kenneth R. Cooke
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Leslie S. Kean
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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22
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Wiseman RW, Karl JA, Bohn PS, Nimityongskul FA, Starrett GJ, O'Connor DH. Haplessly hoping: macaque major histocompatibility complex made easy. ILAR J 2013; 54:196-210. [PMID: 24174442 PMCID: PMC3814398 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilt036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene products control the repertoire of T cell responses that an individual may create against pathogens and foreign tissues. This text will review the current understanding of MHC genetics in nonhuman primates, with a focus on Mauritian-origin cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and Indian-origin rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). These closely related macaque species provide important experimental models for studies of infectious disease pathogenesis, vaccine development, and transplantation research. Recent advances resulting from the application of several cost effective, high-throughput approaches, with deep sequencing technologies have revolutionized our ability to perform MHC genotyping of large macaque cohorts. Pyrosequencing of cDNA amplicons with a Roche/454 GS Junior instrument, provides excellent resolution of MHC class I allelic variants with semi-quantitative estimates of relative levels of transcript abundance. Introduction of the Illumina MiSeq platform significantly increased the sample throughput, since the sample loading workflow is considerably less labor intensive, and each instrument run yields approximately 100-fold more sequence data. Extension of these sequencing methods from cDNA to genomic DNA amplicons further streamlines the experimental workflow and opened opportunities for retrospective MHC genotyping of banked DNA samples. To facilitate the reporting of MHC genotypes, and comparisons between groups of macaques, this text also introduces an intuitive series of abbreviated rhesus MHC haplotype designations based on a major Mamu-A or Mamu-B transcript characteristic for ancestral allele combinations. The authors believe that the use of MHC-defined macaques promises to improve the reproducibility, and predictability of results from pre-clinical studies for translation to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger W. Wiseman
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Roger Wiseman, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711 or email
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Otting N, de Groot N, de Vos-Rouweler AJM, Louwerse A, Doxiadis GGM, Bontrop RE. Multilocus definition of MHC haplotypes in pedigreed cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Immunogenetics 2012; 64:755-65. [PMID: 22772814 PMCID: PMC3438390 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-012-0632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are used widely in biomedical research, and the genetics of their MHC (Mhc-Mafa) has become the focus of considerable attention in recent years. The cohort of Indonesian pedigreed macaques that we present here was typed for Mafa-A, -B, and -DR, by sequencing, as described in earlier studies. Additionally, the DRB region of these animals was characterised by microsatellite analyses. In this study, full-length sequencing of Mafa-DPA/B and -DQA/B in these animals was performed. A total of 75 different alleles were observed; 22 of which have not previously been reported, plus 18 extended exon 2 alleles that were already known. Furthermore, two microsatellites, D6S2854 and D6S2859, were used to characterise the complex Mafa-A region. Sequencing and segregation analyses revealed that the length patterns of these microsatellites are unique for each Mafa-A haplotype. In this work, we present a pedigreed colony of approximately 120 cynomolgus macaques; all of which are typed for the most significant polymorphic MHC class I and class II markers. Offspring of these pedigreed animals are easily characterised for their MHC by microsatellite analyses on the Mafa-A and -DRB regions, which makes the cumbersome sequencing analyses redundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nel Otting
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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Ramakrishnan SK, Page A, Farris AB, Singh K, Leopardi F, Hamby K, Sen S, Polnett A, Deane T, Song M, Stempora L, Strobert E, Kirk AD, Larsen CP, Kean LS. Evidence for kidney rejection after combined bone marrow and renal transplantation despite ongoing whole-blood chimerism in rhesus macaques. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:1755-64. [PMID: 22642491 PMCID: PMC3387328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although there is evidence linking hematopoietic chimerism induction and solid organ transplant tolerance, the mechanistic requirements for chimerism-induced tolerance are not clearly elucidated. To address this, we used an MHC-defined primate model to determine the impact of impermanent, T cell-poor, mixed-chimerism on renal allograft survival. We compared two cohorts: one receiving a bone marrow and renal transplant ("BMT/renal") and one receiving only a renal transplant. Both cohorts received maintenance immunosuppression with CD28/CD40-directed costimulation blockade and sirolimus. As previously demonstrated, this transplant strategy consistently induced compartmentalized donor chimerism, (significant whole-blood chimerism, lacking T cell chimerism). This chimerism was not sufficient to prolong renal allograft acceptance: the BMT/renal mean survival time (MST, 76 days) was not significantly different than the renal transplant alone MST (85 days, p = 0.46), with histopathology documenting T cell mediated rejection. Flow cytometric analysis revealed significant enrichment for CD28-/CD95+ CD4+ and CD8+ Tem cells in the rejected kidney, suggesting a link between CD28-negative Tem and costimulation blockade-resistant rejection. These results suggest that in some settings, transient T cell-poor chimerism is not sufficient to induce tolerance to a concurrently placed renal allograft and that the presence of this chimerism per se is not an independent biomarker to identify tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha K Ramakrishnan
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Andrew Page
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Alton B. Farris
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322,Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Karnail Singh
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Frank Leopardi
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Kelly Hamby
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Sharon Sen
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Taylor Deane
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Mingqing Song
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Linda Stempora
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Elizabeth Strobert
- The Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Allan D. Kirk
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Christian P. Larsen
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Leslie S. Kean
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322,Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Department of Pediatrics and The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322,Corresponding Author Contact Information: Leslie S. Kean, 101 Woodruff Circle, NE, Room 5203, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, Department Fax: 404-727-3660 Phone: 404-727-5265
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Kean LS, Singh K, Blazar BR, Larsen CP. Nonhuman primate transplant models finally evolve: detailed immunogenetic analysis creates new models and strengthens the old. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:812-9. [PMID: 22177005 PMCID: PMC3482466 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03873.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonhuman primate (NHP) models play a critical role in the translation of novel therapies for transplantation to the clinic. However, although MHC disparity significantly affects the outcome of transplantation, until recently, experiments using NHP models were performed without the ability to rigorously control the degree of MHC disparity in transplant cohorts. In this review, we discuss several key technical breakthroughs in the field, which have finally enabled detailed immunogenetic data to be incorporated into NHP transplantation studies. These advances have created a new gold-standard for NHP transplantation research, which incorporates detailed information regarding the degree of relatedness and the degree of MHC haplotype disparity between transplant pairs and the precise MHC alleles that both donors and recipients express. The adoption of this new standard promises to increase the rigor of NHP transplantation studies and to ensure that these experiments are optimally translatable to patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Kean
- Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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26
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Berry NJ, Marzetta F, Towers GJ, Rose NJ. Diversity of TRIM5α and TRIMCyp sequences in cynomolgus macaques from different geographical origins. Immunogenetics 2012; 64:267-78. [PMID: 22124667 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-011-0585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The TRIM5α restriction factor can protect some species of monkeys, but not humans, from HIV infection. It has also emerged that some monkeys have a cyclophilin A domain retrotransposed into the TRIM5 locus resulting in the expression of a TRIMCyp protein with anti-retroviral activity. A high degree of sequence variation in the primate TRIM5 gene has been reported that varies between populations of rhesus macaques, a widely used non-human primate model of HIV/AIDS, and recently shown to correlate with susceptibility to simian immunodeficiency viruses in this species. Cynomolgus macaques are also used widely in HIV research. A non-indigenous population on Mauritius has highly restricted genetic diversity compared with macaques from Indonesia. The relative allelic diversity of TRIM5α and TRIMCyp within these two sub-populations may impact on the susceptibility of the macaques to simian immunodeficiency virus thereby influencing the outcome of studies using these monkeys. We sought to establish the genetic diversity of these alleles in cynomolgus macaques. We identified seven TRIM5α alleles in Indonesian macaques, three of which are novel, but only three in the Mauritian-origin macaques. Strikingly, 87% of Indonesian, but none of the Mauritian macaques, possessed a retrotransposed Cyp domain. A splice acceptor site single-nucleotide polymorphism that allows formation of a TRIMCyp protein was absent for the TRIM5α alleles found in the Mauritian macaques. The level of allelic diversity reported here is greater than previously proposed for cynomolgus macaque species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Berry
- Division of Retrovirology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, A Centre of the Health Protection Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
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27
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Larruskain A, Minguijón E, Arostegui I, Moreno B, Juste R, Jugo B. Microsatellites in immune-relevant regions and their associations with Maedi-Visna and ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma viral diseases. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 145:438-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Page A, Srinivasan S, Singh K, Russell M, Hamby K, Deane T, Sen S, Stempora L, Leopardi F, Price AA, Strobert E, Reimann KA, Kirk AD, Larsen CP, Kean LS. CD40 blockade combines with CTLA4Ig and sirolimus to produce mixed chimerism in an MHC-defined rhesus macaque transplant model. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:115-25. [PMID: 21929643 PMCID: PMC3259212 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In murine models, T-cell costimulation blockade of the CD28:B7 and CD154:CD40 pathways synergistically promotes immune tolerance after transplantation. While CD28 blockade has been successfully translated to the clinic, translation of blockade of the CD154:CD40 pathway has been less successful, in large part due to thromboembolic complications associated with anti-CD154 antibodies. Translation of CD40 blockade has also been slow, in part due to the fact that synergy between CD40 blockade and CD28 blockade had not yet been demonstrated in either primate models or humans. Here we show that a novel, nondepleting CD40 monoclonal antibody, 3A8, can combine with combined CTLA4Ig and sirolimus in a well-established primate bone marrow chimerism-induction model. Prolonged engraftment required the presence of all three agents during maintenance therapy, and resulted in graft acceptance for the duration of immunosuppressive treatment, with rejection resulting upon immunosuppression withdrawal. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that upregulation of CD95 expression on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells correlated with rejection, suggesting that CD95 may be a robust biomarker of graft loss. These results are the first to demonstrate prolonged chimerism in primates treated with CD28/mTOR blockade and nondepletional CD40 blockade, and support further investigation of combined costimulation blockade targeting the CD28 and CD40 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Page
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Swetha Srinivasan
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Karnail Singh
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Maria Russell
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Kelly Hamby
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Taylor Deane
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Sharon Sen
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Linda Stempora
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Frank Leopardi
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Elizabeth Strobert
- The Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Allan D. Kirk
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Christian P. Larsen
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Leslie S. Kean
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Department of Pediatrics and The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Protective role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in filovirus hemorrhagic fever. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:984241. [PMID: 22253531 PMCID: PMC3255346 DOI: 10.1155/2011/984241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with many emerging viruses, such as the hemorrhagic fever disease caused by the filoviruses, Marburg (MARV), and Ebola virus (EBOV), leaves the host with a short timeframe in which to mouse a protective immune response. In lethal cases, uncontrolled viral replication and virus-induced immune dysregulation are too severe to overcome, and mortality is generally associated with a lack of notable immune responses. Vaccination studies in animals have demonstrated an association of IgG and neutralizing antibody responses against the protective glycoprotein antigen with survival from lethal challenge. More recently, studies in animal models of filovirus hemorrhagic fever have established that induction of a strong filovirus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response can facilitate complete viral clearance. In this review, we describe assays used to discover CTL responses after vaccination or live filovirus infection in both animal models and human clinical trials. Unfortunately, little data regarding CTL responses have been collected from infected human survivors, primarily due to the low frequency of disease and the inability to perform these studies in the field. Advancements in assays and technologies may allow these studies to occur during future outbreaks.
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30
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Immunogenetic Management Software: a new tool for visualization and analysis of complex immunogenetic datasets. Immunogenetics 2011; 64:329-36. [PMID: 22080300 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-011-0587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe the Immunogenetic Management Software (IMS) system, a novel web-based application that permits multiplexed analysis of complex immunogenetic traits that are necessary for the accurate planning and execution of experiments involving large animal models, including nonhuman primates. IMS is capable of housing complex pedigree relationships, microsatellite-based MHC typing data, as well as MHC pyrosequencing expression analysis of class I alleles. It includes a novel, automated MHC haplotype naming algorithm and has accomplished an innovative visualization protocol that allows users to view multiple familial and MHC haplotype relationships through a single, interactive graphical interface. Detailed DNA and RNA-based data can also be queried and analyzed in a highly accessible fashion, and flexible search capabilities allow experimental choices to be made based on multiple, individualized and expandable immunogenetic factors. This web application is implemented in Java, MySQL, Tomcat, and Apache, with supported browsers including Internet Explorer and Firefox on Windows and Safari on Mac OS. The software is freely available for distribution to noncommercial users by contacting Leslie.kean@emory.edu. A demonstration site for the software is available at http://typing.emory.edu/typing_demo , user name: imsdemo7@gmail.com and password: imsdemo.
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31
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Massen JJM, Overduin-de Vries AM, de Vos-Rouweler AJM, Spruijt BM, Doxiadis GGM, Sterck EHM. Male Mating Tactics in Captive Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta): The Influence of Dominance, Markets, and Relationship Quality. INT J PRIMATOL 2011; 33:73-92. [PMID: 22389539 PMCID: PMC3279643 DOI: 10.1007/s10764-011-9552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Male mating success in a multimale-multifemale group can depend on several variables: body condition, dominance, coalitions, "friendship," or an exchange of services for mating access. Exchange patterns may also be determined by market effects or social relationships. We studied the mating tactics of males in a captive, multimale-multifemale group of rhesus macaques and the resulting patterns of mating and paternity to determine the influence of dominance rank, mating markets, and relationship quality on their mating tactics. Male rank was positively related to the total number of copulations and the number of mating partners, but did not explain male mating distribution completely. Moreover, male fertilization success was not related to male rank. Males did not exchange grooming for mating access on the same day and neither the supply nor the rank (as a proxy for quality) of receptive females affected the amount of male grooming, suggesting that market effects did not explain male mating access. However, there was a positive correlation between long-term grooming patterns of both males and females and mating access, indicating that social relationships were important for male mating access. Paternity data revealed that these social relationships were also important for male reproductive success. We conclude that both male rank and male-female "friendship" determined male mating access in these rhesus macaques, but that "friendship" was more important in determining paternity, emphasizing the importance of intersex social bonds in male mating success in multimale primate societies. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10764-011-9552-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorg J. M. Massen
- Department of Behavioural Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Ethology Research, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M. Overduin-de Vries
- Department of Behavioural Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Ethology Research, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - Berry M. Spruijt
- Department of Behavioural Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gaby G. M. Doxiadis
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth H. M. Sterck
- Department of Behavioural Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Ethology Research, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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32
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de Groot NG, Heijmans CMC, Koopman G, Verschoor EJ, Bogers WM, Bontrop RE. TRIM5 allelic polymorphism in macaque species/populations of different geographic origins: its impact on SIV vaccine studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 78:256-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2011.01768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Variability of bio-clinical parameters in Chinese-origin Rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus: a nonhuman primate AIDS model. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23177. [PMID: 21850259 PMCID: PMC3151272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although Chinese-origin Rhesus macaques (Ch RhMs) infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have been used for many years to evaluate the efficacy of AIDS vaccines and therapeutics, the bio-clinical variability of such a nonhuman primate AIDS model was so far not established. Methodology/Principal Findings By randomizing 150 (78 male and 72 female) Ch RhMs with diverse MHC class I alleles into 3 groups (50 animals per group) challenged with intrarectal (ir) SIVmac239, intravenous (iv) SIVmac239, or iv SIVmac251, we evaluated variability in bio-clinical endpoints for 118 weeks. All SIV-challenged Ch RhMs became seropositive for SIV during 1–2 weeks. Plasma viral load (VL) peaked at weeks 1–2 and then declined to set-point levels as from week 5. The set-point VL was 30 fold higher in SIVmac239 (ir or iv)-infected than in SIVmac251 (iv)-infected animals. This difference in plasma VL increased overtime (>100 fold as from week 68). The rates of progression to AIDS or death were more rapid in SIVmac239 (ir or iv)-infected than in SIVmac251 (iv)-infected animals. No significant difference in bio-clinical endpoints was observed in animals challenged with ir or iv SIVmac239. The variability (standard deviation) in peak/set-point VL was nearly one-half lower in animals infected with SIVmac239 (ir or iv) than in those infected with SIVmac251 (iv), allowing that the same treatment-related difference can be detected with one-half fewer animals using SIVmac239 than using SIVmac251. Conclusion/Significance These results provide solid estimates of variability in bio-clinical endpoints needed when designing studies using the Ch RhM SIV model and contribute to the improving quality and standardization of preclinical studies.
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Trask JAS, Malhi RS, Kanthaswamy S, Johnson J, Garnica WT, Malladi VS, Smith DG. The effect of SNP discovery method and sample size on estimation of population genetic data for Chinese and Indian rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Primates 2011; 52:129-38. [PMID: 21207104 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-010-0232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to address issues regarding sample size and marker location that have arisen from the discovery of SNPs in the genomes of poorly characterized primate species and the application of these markers to the study of primate population genetics. We predict the effect of discovery sample size on the probability of discovering both rare and common SNPs and then compare this prediction with the proportion of common and rare SNPs discovered when different numbers of individuals are sequenced. Second, we examine the effect of genomic region on estimates of common population genetic data, comparing markers from both coding and non-coding regions of the rhesus macaque genome and the population genetic data calculated from these markers, to measure the degree and direction of bias introduced by SNPs located in coding versus non-coding regions of the genome. We found that both discovery sample size and genomic region surveyed affect SNP marker attributes and population genetic estimates, even when these are calculated from an expanded data set containing more individuals than the original discovery data set. Although none of the SNP detection methods or genomic regions tested in this study was completely uninformative, these results show that each has a different kind of genetic variation that is suitable for different purposes, and each introduces specific types of bias. Given that each SNP marker has an individual evolutionary history, we calculated that the most complete and unbiased representation of the genetic diversity present in the individual can be obtained by incorporating at least 10 individuals into the discovery sample set, to ensure the discovery of both common and rare polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Satkoski Trask
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, 330 Young Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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35
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Larsen CP, Page A, Linzie KH, Russell M, Deane T, Stempora L, Strobert E, Penedo MCT, Ward T, Wiseman R, O'Connor D, Miller W, Sen S, Singh K, Kean LS. An MHC-defined primate model reveals significant rejection of bone marrow after mixed chimerism induction despite full MHC matching. Am J Transplant 2010; 10:2396-409. [PMID: 20849552 PMCID: PMC2980834 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03272.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In murine models, mixed hematopoietic chimerism induction leads to robust immune tolerance. However, translation to primates and to patients has been difficult. In this study, we used a novel MHC-defined rhesus macaque model to examine the impact of MHC matching on the stability of costimulation blockade-/sirolimus-mediated chimerism, and to probe possible mechanisms of bone marrow rejection after nonmyeloablative transplant. Using busulfan-based pretransplant preparation and maintenance immunosuppression with sirolimus, as well as CD28 and CD154 blockade, all recipients demonstrated donor engraftment after transplant. However, the mixed chimerism that resulted was compartmentalized, with recipients demonstrating significantly higher whole blood chimerism compared to T cell chimerism. Thus, the vast majority of T cells presenting posttransplant were recipient-rather than donor-derived. Surprisingly, even in MHC-matched transplants, rejection of donor hematopoiesis predominated after immunosuppression withdrawal. Weaning of immunosuppression was associated with a surge of antigen-experienced T cells, and transplant rejection was associated with the acquisition of donor-directed T cell alloreactivity. These results suggest that a reservoir of alloreactive cells was present despite prior costimulation blockade and sirolimus, and that the post-immunosuppression lymphocytic rebound may have lead to a phenotypic shift in these recipient T cells towards an activated, antigen-experienced phenotype, and ultimately, to transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P. Larsen
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Andrew Page
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Kelly Hamby Linzie
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Maria Russell
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Taylor Deane
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Linda Stempora
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Elizabeth Strobert
- The Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Thea Ward
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis California, 95616
| | - Roger Wiseman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, 53715
| | - David O'Connor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, 53715
| | - Weston Miller
- Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Department of Pediatrics and The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Sharon Sen
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Karnail Singh
- The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Leslie S. Kean
- Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Department of Pediatrics and The Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322,Corresponding Author Contact Information: Leslie S. Kean, 101 Woodruff Circle, NE, Room 5203, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department Fax: 404-727-3660 Phone: 404-727-5265
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36
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Genomic plasticity of the MHC class I A region in rhesus macaques: extensive haplotype diversity at the population level as revealed by microsatellites. Immunogenetics 2010; 63:73-83. [PMID: 20949353 PMCID: PMC3019358 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-010-0486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Mamu-A genes of the rhesus macaque show different degrees of polymorphism, transcription level variation, and differential haplotype distribution. Per haplotype, usually one “major” transcribed gene is present, A1 (A7), in various combinations with “minor” genes, A2 to A6. In silico analysis of the physical map of a heterozygous animal revealed the presence of similar Mamu-A regions consisting of four duplication units, but with dissimilar positions of the A1 genes on both haplotypes, and in combination with different minor genes. Two microsatellites, D6S2854 and D6S2859, have been selected as potential tools to characterize this complex region. Subsequent analysis of a large breeding colony resulted in the description of highly discriminative patterns, displaying copy number variation in concert with microsatellite repeat length differences. Sequencing and segregation analyses revealed that these patterns are unique for each Mamu-A haplotype. In animals of Indian, Burmese, and Chinese origin, 19, 15, or 9 haplotypes, respectively, could be defined, illustrating the occurrence of differential block duplications and subsequent rearrangements by recombination. The haplotypes can be assigned to 12 unique combinations of genes (region configurations). Although most configurations harbor two transcribed A genes, one or three genes per haplotype are also present. Additionally, haplotypes lacking an A1 gene or with an A1 duplication appear to exist. The presence of different transcribed A genes/alleles in monkeys from various origins may have an impact on differential disease susceptibilities. The high-throughput microsatellite technique will be a valuable tool in animal selection for diverse biomedical research projects.
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GVHD after haploidentical transplantation: a novel, MHC-defined rhesus macaque model identifies CD28- CD8+ T cells as a reservoir of breakthrough T-cell proliferation during costimulation blockade and sirolimus-based immunosuppression. Blood 2010; 116:5403-18. [PMID: 20833977 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-06-289272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a major histocompatibility complex-defined primate model of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and have determined the effect that CD28/CD40-directed costimulation blockade and sirolimus have on this disease. Severe GVHD developed after haploidentical transplantation without prophylaxis, characterized by rapid clinical decline and widespread T-cell infiltration and organ damage. Mechanistic analysis showed activation and possible counter-regulation, with rapid T-cell expansion and accumulation of CD8(+) and CD4(+) granzyme B(+) effector cells and FoxP3(pos)/CD27(high)/CD25(pos)/CD127(low) CD4(+) T cells. CD8(+) cells down-regulated CD127 and BCl-2 and up-regulated Ki-67, consistent with a highly activated, proliferative profile. A cytokine storm also occurred, with GVHD-specific secretion of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-18, and CCL4. Costimulation Blockade and Sirolimus (CoBS) resulted in striking protection against GVHD. At the 30-day primary endpoint, CoBS-treated recipients showed 100% survival compared with no survival in untreated recipients. CoBS treatment resulted in survival, increasing from 11.6 to 62 days (P < .01) with blunting of T-cell expansion and activation. Some CoBS-treated animals did eventually develop GVHD, with both clinical and histopathologic evidence of smoldering disease. The reservoir of CoBS-resistant breakthrough immune activation included secretion of interferon-γ, IL-2, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and IL-12/IL-23 and proliferation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 immunoglobulin-resistant CD28(-) CD8(+) T cells, suggesting adjuvant treatments targeting this subpopulation will be needed for full disease control.
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Kanthaswamy S, Kou A, Satkoski J, Penedo MCT, Ward T, Ng J, Gill L, Lerche NW, Erickson BJA, Smith DG. Genetic characterization of specific pathogen-free rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) populations at the California National Primate Research Center (CNPRC). Am J Primatol 2010; 72:587-99. [PMID: 20162538 PMCID: PMC2941796 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A study based on 14 STRs was conducted to understand intergenerational genetic changes that have occurred within the California National Primate Research Center's (CNPRC) regular specific pathogen-free (SPF) and super-SPF captive rhesus macaque populations relative to their conventional founders. Intergenerational genetic drift has caused age cohorts of each study population, especially within the conventional population, to become increasingly differentiated from each other and from their founders. Although there is still only minimal stratification between the conventional population and either of the two SPF populations, separate derivation of the regular and super-SPF animals from their conventional founders has caused the two SPF populations to remain marginally different from each other. The regular SPF and, especially, the super-SPF populations have been influenced by the effects of differential ancestry, sampling, and lost rare alleles, causing a substantial degree of genetic divergence between these subpopulations. The country of origin of founders is the principal determinant of the MHC haplotype composition of the SPF stocks at the CNPRC. Selection of SPF colony breeders bearing desired genotypes of Mamu-A*01 or -B*01 has not affected the overall genetic heterogeneity of the conventional and the SPF research stocks.Because misclassifying the ancestry of research stocks can undermine experimental outcomes by excluding animals with regional-specific genotypes or phenotypes of importance, understanding founder/descendent genetic relationships is crucial for investigating candidate genes with distinct geographic origins. Together with demographic management, population genetic assessments of SPF colonies can curtail excessive phenotypic variation among the study stocks and facilitate successful production goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Kanthaswamy
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California-Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Kanthaswamy S, Capitanio JP, Dubay CJ, Ferguson B, Folks T, Ha JC, Hotchkiss CE, Johnson ZP, Katze MG, Kean LS, Kubisch HM, Lank S, Lyons LA, Miller GM, Nylander J, O'Connor DH, Palermo RE, Smith DG, Vallender EJ, Wiseman RW, Rogers J. Resources for genetic management and genomics research on non-human primates at the National Primate Research Centers (NPRCs). J Med Primatol 2010; 38 Suppl 1:17-23. [PMID: 19863674 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2009.00371.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The National Primate Research Centers (NPRCs) established Working Groups (WGs) for developing resources and mechanisms to facilitate collaborations among non-human primate (NHP) researchers. Here we report the progress of the Genome Banking and the Genetics and Genomics WGs in developing resources to advance the exchange, analysis and comparison of NHP genetic and genomic data across the NPRCs. The Genome Banking WG has established a National NHP DNA bank comprising 1250 DNA samples from unrelated animals and family trios from the 10 NHP species housed within the NPRC system. The Genetics and Genomics WG is developing SNP arrays that will provide a uniform, highly informative, efficient and low-cost method for rhesus and long-tailed macaque genotyping across the eight NPRCs. This WG is also establishing a Biomedical Informatics Research Network-based portal for shared bioinformatics resources including vital statistics, genotype and population data and information on the National NHP DNA bank.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kanthaswamy
- Department of Anthropology, University of California-Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Identification of novel MHC class I sequences in pig-tailed macaques by amplicon pyrosequencing and full-length cDNA cloning and sequencing. Immunogenetics 2009; 61:689-701. [PMID: 19777225 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-009-0397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) provide important animal models in biomedical research, but utility of this species for HIV and other disease pathogenesis research is limited by incomplete knowledge of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genetics. Here, we describe comprehensive MHC class I genotyping of 24 pig-tailed macaques, using pyrosequencing to evaluate a 367- bp complementary DNA (cDNA)-PCR amplicon spanning the highly polymorphic peptide-binding region of MHC class I transcripts. We detected 29 previously described Mane transcripts, 90 novel class I sequences, and eight shared MHC class IB haplotypes. We used this genotyping data to inform full-length MHC class I cDNA allele discovery, characterizing 66 novel full-length transcripts. These new full-length sequences nearly triple the number of Mane-B cDNA sequences previously characterized. The comprehensive genotypes and full-length Mane transcripts described herein add value to pig-tailed macaques as model organisms in biomedical research; furthermore, the coordinated method for MHC genotyping and allele discovery is extensible to other less well-characterized nonhuman primate species.
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Blokhuis JH, van der Wiel MK, Doxiadis GGM, Bontrop RE. Evidence for balancing selection acting on KIR2DL4 genotypes in rhesus macaques of Indian origin. Immunogenetics 2009; 61:503-12. [PMID: 19506858 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-009-0379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and their respective major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ligands can alter the activation state of the natural killer (NK) cell. In both humans and rhesus macaques, particular types of non-classical MHC class I molecules are predominantly expressed on the trophoblast. In humans, human leukocyte antigen G has been demonstrated to act as a ligand for KIR2DL4, present on all NK cells, whereas Mamu-AG may execute a similar function in rhesus macaques. During primate evolution, orthologues of KIR2DL4 appear to have been highly conserved, suggesting strong purifying selection. A cohort of 112 related and unrelated rhesus macaques of mostly Indian origin were selected to study their KIR2DL4 genes for the occurrence of polymorphism. Comparison of the proximal region provided evidence for strong conservative selection acting on the exons encoding the Ig domains. As is found in humans, in the Indian rhesus macaque population, two different KIR2DL4 entities are encountered, which differ for their intra-cellular signalling motifs. One genotype contains a complex mutation in the distal region of exon 9, which negates a serine/threonine kinase site. Furthermore, both allelic entities are present in a distribution, which suggests that balancing selection is operating on these two distinct forms of KIR2DL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen H Blokhuis
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 139, Rijswijk, 2288 GJ, The Netherlands.
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Karl JA, Wiseman RW, O'Connor DH. Cost-effective sequence-based nonhuman primate MHC class I genotyping from RNA. Methods 2009; 49:11-7. [PMID: 19442739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I region of nonhuman primates (NHPs) is highly polymorphic and has undergone complex segmental duplications such that the number of expressed genes differs between individuals. In addition the relative abundance of transcripts varies more than 100-fold between NHP class I genes. This unparalleled complexity makes rapid, efficient class I genotyping difficult for NHPs. The 'gold standard' of cDNA library construction, screening and sequencing is both costly and labor-intensive. Several rapid genotyping methods have been utilized, but all require some degree of prior sequence knowledge. Here, we describe a method for sequence-based MHC class I genotyping which reduces cost by (1) pooling molecularly barcoded class I cDNA-PCR amplicons for cloning and (2) targeting sequencing of a region of concentrated polymorphism spanning the two exons encoding the peptide binding domain. This method can efficiently genotype both known and novel MHC class I alleles. In addition, full-length cDNA amplicons with novel sequences can be resequenced in their entireties to expand the repertoire of characterized MHC class I sequences for NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Karl
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Kanthaswamy S, Gill L, Satkoski J, Goyal V, Malladi V, Kou A, Basuta K, Sarkisyan L, George D, Smith DG. Development of a Chinese-Indian hybrid (Chindian) rhesus macaque colony at the California National Primate Research Center by introgression. J Med Primatol 2009; 38:86-96. [PMID: 18715266 PMCID: PMC2664393 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2008.00305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fullbred Chinese and Indian rhesus macaques represent genetically distinct populations. The California National Primate Research Center introduced Chinese founders into its Indian-derived rhesus colony in response to the 1978 Indian embargo on exportation of animals for research and the concern that loss of genetic variation in the closed colony would hamper research efforts. The resulting hybrid rhesus now number well over a thousand animals and represent a growing proportion of the animals in the colony. METHODS We characterized the population genetic structure of the hybrid colony and compared it with that of their pure Indian and Chinese progenitors. RESULTS The hybrid population contains higher genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium than their full Indian progenitors and represents a resource with unique research applications. CONCLUSIONS The genetic diversity of the hybrids indicates that the strategy to introduce novel genes into the colony by hybridizing Chinese founders and their hybrid offspring with Indian-derived animals was successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kanthaswamy
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Blokhuis JH, Doxiadis GGM, Bontrop RE. A splice site mutation converts an inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptor into an activating one. Mol Immunol 2008; 46:640-8. [PMID: 19019442 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.08.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) 3DH protein in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) is thought to be an activating one because it contains a charged arginine in its transmembrane domain and has a truncated cytoplasmic domain. MmKIR3DH has thus far been characterized by an analysis of cDNA. Its presence and polymorphism has been further investigated by examining mRNA transcripts and genomic sequences in families. Multiple copies of MmKIR3DH are present per animal, suggesting that the gene has been duplicated on some haplotypes. All transcripts are truncated and lack exon 8. Investigation of the gene itself shows that exon 8 is present, intact, and homologous to MmKIR2DL4. However, there is a mutation in the donor splice site of intron 8, which is absent in MmKIR2DL4 genomic sequences. This mutation introduces a frameshift, subsequently resulting in a premature stopcodon. To further verify this mutation, a cohort of unrelated animals from different geographical locations was examined, and both exon 8 and the splice site mutation were seen to be present in their MmKIR3DH genes. The data suggest that the splice site mutation causes the truncation of the MmKIR3DH transcript and the subsequent loss of its inhibitory motifs further downstream. Loss of inhibitory potential through different mutations is observed in other primate species as well, suggesting convergent evolution; however, this is the first report to document that a mutation in an intron produces a similar effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen H Blokhuis
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Lange Kleiweg 139, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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Mee ET, Badhan A, Karl JA, Wiseman RW, Cutler K, Knapp LA, Almond N, O'Connor DH, Rose NJ. MHC haplotype frequencies in a UK breeding colony of Mauritian cynomolgus macaques mirror those found in a distinct population from the same geographic origin. J Med Primatol 2008; 38:1-14. [PMID: 19018947 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2008.00299.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mauritian cynomolgus macaques have greatly restricted genetic diversity in the MHC region compared to other non-human primates; however, the frequency of common MHC haplotypes among captive-bred populations has not been reported. METHODS Microsatellite PCR was used to determine MHC haplotype frequencies among captive macaques at a UK breeding facility. Allele-specific PCR and reference strand conformational analysis were used to determine the allele expression profile of a subset of animals. RESULTS Haplotypes H3 (21%) and H1 (19%) were most common in the captive population of Mauritian cynomolgus macaques. Predicted alleles were detected by allele-specific PCR-SSP in 98% of animals. Allele expression profiles were similar in animals with identical haplotypes. CONCLUSIONS Mauritian cynomolgus macaques in the UK breeding facility have restricted MHC diversity comparable to a previously described population. Microsatellite-derived haplotypes are highly predictive of allele expression. A selective breeding program has been established to produce MHC-identical animals for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Mee
- Division of Retrovirology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, UK.
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Comparative genetics of a highly divergent DRB microsatellite in different macaque species. Immunogenetics 2008; 60:737-48. [PMID: 18956179 PMCID: PMC4629986 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-008-0333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The DRB region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of cynomolgus and rhesus macaques is highly plastic, and extensive copy number variation together with allelic polymorphism makes it a challenging enterprise to design a typing protocol. All intact DRB genes in cynomolgus monkeys (Mafa) appear to possess a compound microsatellite, DRB-STR, in intron 2, which displays extensive length polymorphism. Therefore, this STR was studied in a large panel of animals, comprising pedigreed families as well. Sequencing analysis resulted in the detection of 60 Mafa-DRB exon 2 sequences that were unambiguously linked to the corresponding microsatellite. Its length is often allele specific and follows Mendelian segregation. In cynomolgus and rhesus macaques, the nucleotide composition of the DRB-STR is in concordance with the phylogeny of exon 2 sequences. As in humans and rhesus monkeys, this protocol detects specific combinations of different DRB-STR lengths that are unique for each haplotype. In the present panel, 22 Mafa-DRB region configurations could be defined, which exceeds the number detected in a comparable cohort of Indian rhesus macaques. The results suggest that, in cynomolgus monkeys, even more frequently than in rhesus macaques, new haplotypes are generated by recombination-like events. Although both macaque species are known to share several identical DRB exon 2 sequences, the lengths of the corresponding microsatellites often differ. Thus, this method allows not only fast and accurate DRB haplotyping but may also permit discrimination between highly related macaque species.
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Kanthaswamy S, Satkoski J, George D, Kou A, Erickson BJA, Smith DG. INTERSPECIES HYBRIDIZATION AND THE STRATIFICATION OF NUCLEAR GENETIC VARIATION OF RHESUS (MACACA MULATTA) AND LONG-TAILED MACAQUES (MACACA FASCICULARIS). INT J PRIMATOL 2008; 29:1295-1311. [PMID: 19122840 DOI: 10.1007/s10764-008-9295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genotypes for 13 short tandem repeats (STRs) were used to assess the genetic diversity within and differentiation among populations of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) from mainland Asia and long-tailed macaques (M. fascicularis) from mainland and insular Southeast Asia. These animals were either recently captured in the wild or derived from wild-caught founders maintained in captivity for biomedical research.A large number of alleles is shared between the two macaque species but a significant genetic division between them persists. This distinction is more clear-cut among populations that are not, or are unlikely to have recently been, geographically contiguous. Our results suggest there has been significant interspecies nuclear gene flow between rhesus macaques and long-tailed macaques on the mainland. Comparisons of mainland and island populations of long-tailed macaques reflect marked genetic subdivisions due to barriers to migration. Geographic isolation has restricted gene flow, allowing island populations to become subdivided and genetically differentiated. Indonesian long-tailed macaques show evidence of long-term separation and genetic isolation from the mainland populations, while long-tailed macaques from the Philippines and Mauritius both display evidence of founder effects and subsequent isolation, with the impact from genetic drift being more profound in the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Kanthaswamy
- Department of Anthropology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
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48
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Rapid high-resolution MHC class I genotyping of Chinese rhesus macaques by capillary reference strand-mediated conformational analysis. Immunogenetics 2008; 60:575-84. [PMID: 18629489 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-008-0315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) provide well-established models for studying human disease pathogenesis and vaccine development. When challenged with infectious agents, macaques exhibit individual differences in susceptibility. An important determinant of these differences is the complement of major histocompatability complex (MHC) class I sequences expressed by each animal. Although previous studies have reported strong associations between MHC expression and disease outcome, a rapid, cost-effective method for high-resolution MHC genotyping in macaques is lacking. In this study, we adapted a modified heteroduplex assay, reference strand-mediated conformational analysis (RSCA) to an ABI 3130xl capillary electrophoresis genetic analyzer for macaque MHC class I genotyping. For validation, we investigated the concordance of RSCA genotyping for 14 MHC class I sequences in 12 Chinese rhesus macaques whose genotypes were established through complementary DNA cloning and sequencing of MHC class I sequences. We observed a concordance greater than 98% between RSCA and the cloning and sequencing data. Furthermore, RSCA confirmed the presence of MHC haplotype sharing between three macaques as predicted previously by microsatellite analysis. RSCA genotyping of an additional 25 Chinese rhesus macaques demonstrated that the frequency of these 14 MHC class I sequences ranged from 5% to 32%, with the Mamu-A1*2601 sequence being most common in this cohort. Capillary RSCA genotyping has the potential to enable researchers to rapidly evaluate MHC class I genotypes in rhesus macaques and associate specific MHC sequences with disease susceptibility.
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49
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Otting N, Heijmans CMC, van der Wiel M, de Groot NG, Doxiadis GGM, Bontrop RE. A snapshot of the Mamu-B genes and their allelic repertoire in rhesus macaques of Chinese origin. Immunogenetics 2008; 60:507-14. [PMID: 18618105 PMCID: PMC2491420 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-008-0311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex class I gene repertoire was investigated in a large panel of rhesus macaques of Chinese origin. As observed in Indian animals, subjects of Chinese derivation display Mamu-B gene copy number variation, and the sum of expressed genes varies among haplotypes. In addition, these genes display differential transcription levels. The majority of the Mamu-B alleles discovered during this investigation appear to be unique for the population studied. Only one particular Mamu-B haplotype is shared between Indian and Chinese animals, and it must have been present in the progenitor stock. Hence, the data highlight the fact that most allelic polymorphism, and most of the Mamu-B haplotypes themselves, are of relatively recent origin and were most likely generated after the separation of the Indian and Chinese rhesus macaque populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nel Otting
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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50
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Greene JM, Burwitz BJ, Blasky AJ, Mattila TL, Hong JJ, Rakasz EG, Wiseman RW, Hasenkrug KJ, Skinner PJ, O'Connor SL, O'Connor DH. Allogeneic lymphocytes persist and traffic in feral MHC-matched mauritian cynomolgus macaques. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2384. [PMID: 18545705 PMCID: PMC2408966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thus far, live attenuated SIV has been the most successful method for vaccinating macaques against pathogenic SIV challenge; however, it is not clear what mechanisms are responsible for this protection. Adoptive transfer studies in mice have been integral to understanding live attenuated vaccine protection in models like Friend virus. Previous adoptive transfers in primates have failed as transferred cells are typically cleared within hours after transfer. Methodology/ Principal Findings Here we describe adoptive transfer studies in Mauritian origin cynomolgus macaques (MCM), a non-human primate model with limited MHC diversity. Cells transferred between unrelated MHC-matched macaques persist for at least fourteen days but are rejected within 36 hours in MHC-mismatched macaques. Cells trafficked from the blood to peripheral lymphoid tissues within 12 hours of transfer. Conclusions/Significance MHC-matched MCM provide the first viable primate model for adoptive transfer studies. Because macaques infected with SIV are the best model for HIV/AIDS pathogenesis, we can now directly study the correlates of protective immune responses to AIDS viruses. For example, plasma viral loads following pathogenic SIV challenge are reduced by several orders of magnitude in macaques previously immunized with attenuated SIV. Adoptive transfer of lymphocyte subpopulations from vaccinated donors into SIV-naïve animals may define the immune mechanisms responsible for protection and guide future vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Benjamin J. Burwitz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alex J. Blasky
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Teresa L. Mattila
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Eva G. Rakasz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Roger W. Wiseman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kim J. Hasenkrug
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Pamela J. Skinner
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Shelby L. O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - David H. O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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