1
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Siriwardena D, Munger C, Penfold C, Kohler TN, Weberling A, Linneberg-Agerholm M, Slatery E, Ellermann AL, Bergmann S, Clark SJ, Rawlings TM, Brickman JM, Reik W, Brosens JJ, Zernicka-Goetz M, Sasaki E, Behr R, Hollfelder F, Boroviak TE. Marmoset and human trophoblast stem cells differ in signaling requirements and recapitulate divergent modes of trophoblast invasion. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:1427-1446.e8. [PMID: 39321797 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Early human trophoblast development has remained elusive due to the inaccessibility of the early conceptus. Non-human primate models recapitulate many features of human development and allow access to early postimplantation stages. Here, we tracked the pre- to postimplantation transition of the trophoblast lineage in superficially implanting marmoset embryos in vivo. We differentiated marmoset naive pluripotent stem cells into trophoblast stem cells (TSCs), which exhibited trophoblast-specific transcriptome, methylome, differentiation potential, and long-term self-renewal. Notably, human TSC culture conditions failed to support marmoset TSC derivation, instead inducing an extraembryonic mesoderm-like fate in marmoset cells. We show that combined MEK, TGF-β/NODAL, and histone deacetylase inhibition stabilizes a periimplantation trophoblast-like identity in marmoset TSCs. By contrast, these conditions differentiated human TSCs toward extravillous trophoblasts. Our work presents a paradigm to harness the evolutionary divergence in implantation strategies to elucidate human trophoblast development and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Siriwardena
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clara Munger
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher Penfold
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timo N Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Erin Slatery
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna L Ellermann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sophie Bergmann
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen J Clark
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Altos Labs Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK; Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas M Rawlings
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Joshua M Brickman
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (renew), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wolf Reik
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Altos Labs Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK; Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan J Brosens
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Thorsten E Boroviak
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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2
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Fortier AL, Pritchard JK. The Primate Major Histocompatibility Complex: An Illustrative Example of Gene Family Evolution. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.16.613318. [PMID: 39345418 PMCID: PMC11429698 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.16.613318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Gene families are groups of evolutionarily-related genes. One large gene family that has experienced rapid evolution is the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), whose proteins serve critical roles in innate and adaptive immunity. Across the ∼60 million year history of the primates, some MHC genes have turned over completely, some have changed function, some have converged in function, and others have remained essentially unchanged. Past work has typically focused on identifying MHC alleles within particular species or comparing gene content, but more work is needed to understand the overall evolution of the gene family across species. Thus, despite the immunologic importance of the MHC and its peculiar evolutionary history, we lack a complete picture of MHC evolution in the primates. We readdress this question using sequences from dozens of MHC genes and pseudogenes spanning the entire primate order, building a comprehensive set of gene and allele trees with modern methods. Overall, we find that the Class I gene subfamily is evolving much more quickly than the Class II gene subfamily, with the exception of the Class II MHC-DRB genes. We also pay special attention to the often-ignored pseudogenes, which we use to reconstruct different events in the evolution of the Class I region. We find that despite the shared function of the MHC across species, different species employ different genes, haplotypes, and patterns of variation to achieve a successful immune response. Our trees and extensive literature review represent the most comprehensive look into MHC evolution to date.
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3
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Herron ICT, Laws TR, Nelson M. Marmosets as models of infectious diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1340017. [PMID: 38465237 PMCID: PMC10921895 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1340017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models of infectious disease often serve a crucial purpose in obtaining licensure of therapeutics and medical countermeasures, particularly in situations where human trials are not feasible, i.e., for those diseases that occur infrequently in the human population. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a Neotropical new-world (platyrrhines) non-human primate, has gained increasing attention as an animal model for a number of diseases given its small size, availability and evolutionary proximity to humans. This review aims to (i) discuss the pros and cons of the common marmoset as an animal model by providing a brief snapshot of how marmosets are currently utilized in biomedical research, (ii) summarize and evaluate relevant aspects of the marmoset immune system to the study of infectious diseases, (iii) provide a historical backdrop, outlining the significance of infectious diseases and the importance of developing reliable animal models to test novel therapeutics, and (iv) provide a summary of infectious diseases for which a marmoset model exists, followed by an in-depth discussion of the marmoset models of two studied bacterial infectious diseases (tularemia and melioidosis) and one viral infectious disease (viral hepatitis C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C. T. Herron
- CBR Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Salisbury, United Kingdom
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4
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Berry N, Mee ET, Almond N, Rose NJ. The Impact and Effects of Host Immunogenetics on Infectious Disease Studies Using Non-Human Primates in Biomedical Research. Microorganisms 2024; 12:155. [PMID: 38257982 PMCID: PMC10818626 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding infectious disease pathogenesis and evaluating novel candidate treatment interventions for human use frequently requires prior or parallel analysis in animal model systems. While rodent species are frequently applied in such studies, there are situations where non-human primate (NHP) species are advantageous or required. These include studies of animals that are anatomically more akin to humans, where there is a need to interrogate the complexity of more advanced biological systems or simply reflect susceptibility to a specific infectious agent. The contribution of different arms of the immune response may be addressed in a variety of NHP species or subspecies in specific physiological compartments. Such studies provide insights into immune repertoires not always possible from human studies. However, genetic variation in outbred NHP models may confound, or significantly impact the outcome of a particular study. Thus, host factors need to be considered when undertaking such studies. Considerable knowledge of the impact of host immunogenetics on infection dynamics was elucidated from HIV/SIV research. NHP models are now important for studies of emerging infections. They have contributed to delineating the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, which identified differences in outcomes attributable to the selected NHP host. Moreover, their use was crucial in evaluating the immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines against COVID-19 and establishing putative correlates of vaccine protection. More broadly, neglected or highly pathogenic emerging or re-emergent viruses may be studied in selected NHPs. These studies characterise protective immune responses following infection or the administration of candidate immunogens which may be central to the accelerated licensing of new vaccines. Here, we review selected aspects of host immunogenetics, specifically MHC background and TRIM5 polymorphism as exemplars of adaptive and innate immunity, in commonly used Old and New World host species. Understanding this variation within and between NHP species will ensure that this valuable laboratory source is used most effectively to combat established and emerging virus infections and improve human health worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Berry
- Research & Development—Science, Research and Innovation, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK; (E.T.M.); (N.A.); (N.J.R.)
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5
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Malukiewicz J, Boere V, de Oliveira MAB, D'arc M, Ferreira JVA, French J, Housman G, de Souza CI, Jerusalinsky L, R de Melo F, M Valença-Montenegro M, Moreira SB, de Oliveira E Silva I, Pacheco FS, Rogers J, Pissinatti A, Del Rosario RCH, Ross C, Ruiz-Miranda CR, Pereira LCM, Schiel N, de Fátima Rodrigues da Silva F, Souto A, Šlipogor V, Tardif S. An Introduction to the Callithrix Genus and Overview of Recent Advances in Marmoset Research. ILAR J 2021; 61:110-138. [PMID: 34933341 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide here a current overview of marmoset (Callithrix) evolution, hybridization, species biology, basic/biomedical research, and conservation initiatives. Composed of 2 subgroups, the aurita group (C aurita and C flaviceps) and the jacchus group (C geoffroyi, C jacchus, C kuhlii, and C penicillata), this relatively young primate radiation is endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest biomes. Significant impacts on Callithrix within these biomes resulting from anthropogenic activity include (1) population declines, particularly for the aurita group; (2) widespread geographic displacement, biological invasions, and range expansions of C jacchus and C penicillata; (3) anthropogenic hybridization; and (4) epizootic Yellow Fever and Zika viral outbreaks. A number of Brazilian legal and conservation initiatives are now in place to protect the threatened aurita group and increase research about them. Due to their small size and rapid life history, marmosets are prized biomedical models. As a result, there are increasingly sophisticated genomic Callithrix resources available and burgeoning marmoset functional, immuno-, and epigenomic research. In both the laboratory and the wild, marmosets have given us insight into cognition, social group dynamics, human disease, and pregnancy. Callithrix jacchus and C penicillata are emerging neotropical primate models for arbovirus disease, including Dengue and Zika. Wild marmoset populations are helping us understand sylvatic transmission and human spillover of Zika and Yellow Fever viruses. All of these factors are positioning marmosets as preeminent models to facilitate understanding of facets of evolution, hybridization, conservation, human disease, and emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Malukiewicz
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Centre, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Vanner Boere
- Institute of Humanities, Arts, and Sciences, Federal University of Southern Bahia, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Mirela D'arc
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jéssica V A Ferreira
- Centro de Conservação e Manejo de Fauna da Caatinga, UNIVASF, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey French
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | | | - Leandro Jerusalinsky
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros (ICMBio/CPB), Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Fabiano R de Melo
- Department of Forest Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Centro de Conservação dos Saguis-da-Serra, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mônica M Valença-Montenegro
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros (ICMBio/CPB), Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Ita de Oliveira E Silva
- Institute of Humanities, Arts, and Sciences, Federal University of Southern Bahia, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Felipe Santos Pacheco
- Centro de Conservação dos Saguis-da-Serra, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alcides Pissinatti
- Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro, Guapimirim, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo C H Del Rosario
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Corinna Ross
- Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Carlos R Ruiz-Miranda
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences, Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz C M Pereira
- Centro de Conservação e Manejo de Fauna da Caatinga, UNIVASF, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Souto
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Vedrana Šlipogor
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Suzette Tardif
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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6
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Heijmans CMC, de Groot NG, Bontrop RE. Comparative genetics of the major histocompatibility complex in humans and nonhuman primates. Int J Immunogenet 2020; 47:243-260. [PMID: 32358905 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is one of the most gene-dense regions of the mammalian genome. Multiple genes within the human MHC (HLA) show extensive polymorphism, and currently, more than 26,000 alleles divided over 39 different genes are known. Nonhuman primate (NHP) species are grouped into great and lesser apes and Old and New World monkeys, and their MHC is studied mostly because of their important role as animal models in preclinical research or in connection with conservation biology purposes. The evolutionary equivalents of many of the HLA genes are present in NHP species, and these genes may also show abundant levels of polymorphism. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive comparison relating to the organization and polymorphism of human and NHP MHC regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrine M C Heijmans
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja G de Groot
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald E Bontrop
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.,Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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Nomenclature report 2019: major histocompatibility complex genes and alleles of Great and Small Ape and Old and New World monkey species. Immunogenetics 2019; 72:25-36. [PMID: 31624862 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-019-01132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is central to the innate and adaptive immune responses of jawed vertebrates. Characteristic of the MHC are high gene density, gene copy number variation, and allelic polymorphism. Because apes and monkeys are the closest living relatives of humans, the MHCs of these non-human primates (NHP) are studied in depth in the context of evolution, biomedicine, and conservation biology. The Immuno Polymorphism Database (IPD)-MHC NHP Database (IPD-MHC NHP), which curates MHC data of great and small apes, as well as Old and New World monkeys, has been upgraded. The curators of the database are responsible for providing official designations for newly discovered alleles. This nomenclature report updates the 2012 report, and summarizes important nomenclature issues and relevant novel features of the IPD-MHC NHP Database.
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8
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't Hart BA. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the common marmoset: a translationally relevant model for the cause and course of multiple sclerosis. Primate Biol 2019; 6:17-58. [PMID: 32110715 PMCID: PMC7041540 DOI: 10.5194/pb-6-17-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging Western societies are facing an increasing prevalence of chronic
autoimmune-mediated inflammatory disorders (AIMIDs) for which treatments that are safe and effective are scarce. One of the
main reasons for this situation is the lack of animal models, which accurately replicate
clinical and pathological aspects of the human diseases. One important AIMID is the
neuroinflammatory disease multiple sclerosis (MS), for which the mouse experimental
autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model has been frequently used in preclinical
research. Despite some successes, there is a long list of experimental treatments that
have failed to reproduce promising effects observed in murine EAE models when they were
tested in the clinic. This frustrating situation indicates a wide validity gap between
mouse EAE and MS. This monography describes the development of an EAE model in nonhuman
primates, which may help to bridge the gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert A 't Hart
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
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9
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Kametani Y, Yamada Y, Takabayashi S, Kato H, Ishiwata K, Watanabe N, Sasaki E, Habu S. The response of common marmoset immunity against cedar pollen extract. Biosci Trends 2018; 12:94-101. [PMID: 29332927 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2017.01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo model of pollinosis has been established using rodents, but the model cannot completely mimic human pollinosis. We used Callithrix jacchus, the common marmoset (CM), to establish a pollinosis animal model using intranasal weekly administration of cedar pollen extract with cholera toxin adjuvant. Some of the treated CMs exhibited the symptoms of snitching, excess nasal mucus and/or sneezing, but the period was very short, and the symptoms disappeared after several weeks. The CD4+CD25+ cell ratio in the peripheral blood increased in CMs quickly after the nasal administration of cedar pollen extract, but the timing was not parallel with the symptoms. IL-10 mRNA was enhanced in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), suggesting CM-induced tolerance for cedar pollen administration. Similarly, Foxp3 mRNA was also detected in the PBMC. Additive sensitization of these CMs with Ascaris egg administration did not enhance chronic inflammation of type 1 allergy to induce the symptoms. These results suggest that the environmental immune cells develop transient allergic symptoms and subsequent immune-tolerance in the intranasally sensitized CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Kametani
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Yuko Yamada
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Shuji Takabayashi
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine.,Central Institute for Experimental Animals
| | | | - Kenji Ishiwata
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Naohiro Watanabe
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine
| | | | - Sonoko Habu
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
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10
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Kametani Y, Shiina T, Suzuki R, Sasaki E, Habu S. Comparative immunity of antigen recognition, differentiation, and other functional molecules: similarities and differences among common marmosets, humans, and mice. Exp Anim 2018; 67:301-312. [PMID: 29415910 PMCID: PMC6083031 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.17-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The common marmoset (CM; Callithrix jacchus) is a small New World monkey
with a high rate of pregnancy and is maintained in closed colonies as an experimental
animal species. Although CMs are used for immunological research, such as studies of
autoimmune disease and infectious disease, their immunological characteristics are less
defined than those of other nonhuman primates. We and others have analyzed antigen
recognition-related molecules, the development of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and the
molecules involved in the immune response. CMs systemically express Caja-G, a major
histocompatibility complex class I molecule, and the ortholog of HLA-G, a suppressive
nonclassical HLA class I molecule. HSCs express CD117, while CD34 is not essential for
multipotency. CD117+ cells developed into all hematopoietic cell lineages, but compared
with human HSCs, B cells did not extensively develop when HSCs were transplanted into an
immunodeficient mouse. Although autoimmune models have been successfully established,
sensitization of CMs with some bacteria induced a low protective immunity. In CMs, B cells
were observed in the periphery, but IgG levels were very low compared with those in humans
and mice. This evidence suggests that CM immunity is partially suppressed systemically.
Such immune regulation might benefit pregnancy in CMs, which normally deliver dizygotic
twins, the placentae of which are fused and the immune cells of which are mixed. In this
review, we describe the CM immune system and discuss the possibility of using CMs as a
model of human immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Kametani
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiina
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Ryuji Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-0392, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals,3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Sonoko Habu
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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11
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Parham P, Guethlein LA. Genetics of Natural Killer Cells in Human Health, Disease, and Survival. Annu Rev Immunol 2018; 36:519-548. [PMID: 29394121 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have vital functions in human immunity and reproduction. In the innate and adaptive immune responses to infection, particularly by viruses, NK cells respond by secreting inflammatory cytokines and killing infected cells. In reproduction, NK cells are critical for genesis of the placenta, the organ that controls the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus. Controlling NK cell functions are interactions of HLA class I with inhibitory NK cell receptors. First evolved was the conserved interaction of HLA-E with CD94:NKG2A; later established were diverse interactions of HLA-A, -B, and -C with killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors. Characterizing the latter interactions is rapid evolution, which distinguishes human populations and all species of higher primate. Driving this evolution are the different and competing selections imposed by pathogens on NK cell-mediated immunity and by the constraints of human reproduction on NK cell-mediated placentation. Promoting rapid evolution is independent segregation of polymorphic receptors and ligands throughout human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Parham
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; ,
| | - Lisbeth A Guethlein
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; ,
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12
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Otting N, van der Wiel MKH, de Groot N, de Vos-Rouweler AJM, de Groot NG, Doxiadis GGM, Wiseman RW, O'Connor DH, Bontrop RE. The orthologs of HLA-DQ and -DP genes display abundant levels of variability in macaque species. Immunogenetics 2016; 69:87-99. [PMID: 27771735 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region encodes three types of class II molecules designated HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP. Both the HLA-DQ and -DP gene region comprise a duplicated tandem of A and B genes, whereas in macaques, only one set of genes is present per region. A substantial sequencing project on the DQ and DP genes in various macaque populations resulted in the detection of previously 304 unreported full-length alleles. Phylogenetic studies showed that humans and macaques share trans-species lineages for the DQA1 and DQB1 genes, whereas the DPA1 and DPB1 lineages in macaques appear to be species-specific. Amino acid variability plot analyses revealed that each of the four genes displays more allelic variation in macaques than is encountered in humans. Moreover, the numbers of different amino acids at certain positions in the encoded proteins are higher than in humans. This phenomenon is remarkably prominent at the contact positions of the peptide-binding sites of the deduced macaque DPβ-chains. These differences in the MHC class II DP regions of macaques and humans suggest separate evolutionary mechanisms in the generation of diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nel Otting
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
| | - Marit K H van der Wiel
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Nanine de Groot
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek J M de Vos-Rouweler
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja G de Groot
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Gaby G M Doxiadis
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Roger W Wiseman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ronald E Bontrop
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.,Department of Biology, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Neehus AL, Wistuba J, Ladas N, Eiz-Vesper B, Schlatt S, Müller T. Gene conversion of the major histocompatibility complex class I Caja-G in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Immunology 2016; 149:343-352. [PMID: 27450742 PMCID: PMC5046058 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the amount of sequenced and classified MHC class I genes of the common marmoset is limited, in spite of the wide use of this species as an animal model for biomedical research. In this study, 480 clones of MHC class I G locus (Caja‐G) cDNA sequences were obtained from 21 common marmosets. Up to 10 different alleles were detected in each common marmoset, leading to the assumption that the Caja‐G loci duplicated in the marmoset genome. In the investigated population, four alleles occurred more often, giving evidence for higher immunological advantage of these alleles. In contrast to the human non‐classical MHC class I genes, Caja‐G shows high rates of polymorphism at the relevant peptide‐binding sites, despite its phylogenetic relationship to the non‐classical HLA‐G. Our results provide information for better understanding of the immunological properties of the common marmoset and confirm the theory of a gene conversion of the Caja‐G due to its detected plasticity and the absence of any known HLA‐A equivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Neehus
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joachim Wistuba
- Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nektarios Ladas
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Schlatt
- Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Synlab Medical Care Centre Weiden Ltd, Weiden, Germany.
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14
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Guethlein LA, Norman PJ, Hilton HG, Parham P. Co-evolution of MHC class I and variable NK cell receptors in placental mammals. Immunol Rev 2016; 267:259-82. [PMID: 26284483 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Shaping natural killer (NK) cell functions in human immunity and reproduction are diverse killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) that recognize polymorphic MHC class I determinants. A survey of placental mammals suggests that KIRs serve as variable NK cell receptors only in certain primates and artiodactyls. Divergence of the functional and variable KIRs in primates and artiodactyls predates placental reproduction. Among artiodactyls, cattle but not pigs have diverse KIRs. Catarrhine (humans, apes, and Old World monkeys) and platyrrhine (New World monkeys) primates, but not prosimians, have diverse KIRs. Platyrrhine and catarrhine systems of KIR and MHC class I are highly diverged, but within the catarrhines, a stepwise co-evolution of MHC class I and KIR is discerned. In Old World monkeys, diversification focuses on MHC-A and MHC-B and their cognate lineage II KIR. With evolution of C1-bearing MHC-C from MHC-B, as informed by orangutan, the focus changes to MHC-C and its cognate lineage III KIR. Evolution of C2 from C1 and fixation of MHC-C drove further elaboration of MHC-C-specific KIR, as exemplified by chimpanzee. In humans, the evolutionary trajectory changes again. Emerging from reorganization of the KIR locus and selective attenuation of KIR avidity for MHC class I are the functionally distinctive KIR A and KIR B haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth A Guethlein
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Norman
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hugo G Hilton
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter Parham
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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15
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de Groot NG, Blokhuis JH, Otting N, Doxiadis GGM, Bontrop RE. Co-evolution of the MHC class I and KIR gene families in rhesus macaques: ancestry and plasticity. Immunol Rev 2016; 267:228-45. [PMID: 26284481 PMCID: PMC4544828 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Researchers dealing with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and killer immunoglobulin receptor (KIR) multi‐gene families in humans are often wary of the complex and seemingly different situation that is encountered regarding these gene families in Old World monkeys. For the sake of comparison, the well‐defined and thoroughly studied situation in humans has been taken as a reference. In macaques, both the major histocompatibility complex class I and KIR gene families are plastic entities that have experienced various rounds of expansion, contraction, and subsequent recombination processes. As a consequence, haplotypes in macaques display substantial diversity with regard to gene copy number variation. Additionally, for both multi‐gene families, differential levels of polymorphism (allelic variation), and expression are observed as well. A comparative genetic approach has allowed us to answer questions related to ancestry, to shed light on unique adaptations of the species’ immune system, and to provide insights into the genetic events and selective pressures that have shaped the range of these gene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasja G de Groot
- Department of Comparative Genetics & Refinement, BPRC, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H Blokhuis
- Department of Comparative Genetics & Refinement, BPRC, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Nel Otting
- Department of Comparative Genetics & Refinement, BPRC, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Gaby G M Doxiadis
- Department of Comparative Genetics & Refinement, BPRC, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald E Bontrop
- Department of Comparative Genetics & Refinement, BPRC, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.,Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Lugo JS, Cadavid LF. Patterns of MHC-G-Like and MHC-B Diversification in New World Monkeys. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131343. [PMID: 26121030 PMCID: PMC4486459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The MHC class I (MHC-I) region in New World monkeys (Platyrrhini) has remained relatively understudied. To evaluate the diversification patterns and transcription behavior of MHC-I in Platyrrhini, we first analyzed public genomic sequences from the MHC-G-like subregion in Saimiri boliviensis, Ateles geoffroyi and Callicebus moloch, and from the MHC-B subregion in Saimiri boliviensis. While S. boliviensis showed multiple copies of both MHC-G-like (10) and –B (15) loci, A. geoffroyi and C. moloch had only three and four MHC-G-like genes, respectively, indicating that not all Platyrrhini species have expanded their MHC-I loci. We then sequenced MHC-G-like and -B cDNAs from nine Platyrrhini species, recovering two to five unique cDNAs per individual for both loci classes. In two Saguinus species, however, no MHC-B cDNAs were found. In phylogenetic trees, MHC-G-like cDNAs formed genus-specific clusters whereas the MHC-B cDNAs grouped by Platyrrhini families, suggesting a more rapid diversification of the former. Furthermore, cDNA sequencing in 12 capuchin monkeys showed that they transcribe at least four MHC-G-like and five MHC-B polymorphic genes, showing haplotypic diversity for gene copy number and signatures of positive natural selection at the peptide binding region. Finally, a quantitative index for MHC:KIR affinity was proposed and tested to predict putative interacting pairs. Altogether, our data indicate that i) MHC-I genes has expanded differentially among Platyrrhini species, ii) Callitrichinae (tamarins and marmosets) MHC-B loci have limited or tissue-specific expression, iii) MHC-G-like genes have diversified more rapidly than MHC-B genes, and iv) the MHC-I diversity is generated mainly by genetic polymorphism and gene copy number variation, likely promoted by natural selection for ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S. Lugo
- Department of Biology and Institute of Genetics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis F. Cadavid
- Department of Biology and Institute of Genetics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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17
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Cao YH, Fan JW, Li AX, Liu HF, Li LR, Zhang CL, Zeng L, Sun ZZ. Identification of MHC I class genes in two Platyrrhini species. Am J Primatol 2015; 77:527-34. [PMID: 25573376 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex is a diverse gene family that plays a crucial role in the adaptive immune system. In humans, the MHC class I genes consist of the classical loci of HLA-A, -B, and -C, and the nonclassical loci HLA-E, -F, and -G. In Platyrrhini species, few MHC class I genes have been described so far and were classified as MHC-E, MHC-F, and MHC-G, with MHC-G possibly representing a classical MHC class I locus while there were arguments about the existence of the MHC-B locus in Platyrrhini. In this study, MHC class I genes were identified in eight common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and two brown-headed spider monkeys (Ateles fusciceps). For common marmosets, 401 cDNA sequences were sequenced and 18 alleles were detected, including 14 Caja-G alleles and 4 Caja-B alleles. Five to eleven Caja-G alleles and one to three Caja-B alleles were detected in each animal. For brown-headed spider monkeys, 102 cDNA sequences were analyzed, and 9 new alleles were identified, including 5 Atfu-G and 4 Atfu-B alleles. Two or three Atfu-G and two Atfu-B alleles were obtained for each of animal. In phylogenetic analyses, the MHC-G and -B alleles from the two species and other Platyrrhini species show locus-specific clusters with bootstrap values of 86% and 50%. The results of pairwise sequence comparisons and an excess of non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions in the PBR region are consistent with the suggestion that Caja-G and Atfu-G may be classical MHC class I loci in the Platyrrhini species… But it appears that MHC-B locus of the two Platyrrhini species shares features with both classical and nonclasical MHC class I loci. Our results are an important addition to the limited MHC immunogenetic information available for the Platyrrhini species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hua Cao
- Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China; College of Life Sciences of Tarim University, Alaer, China
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18
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Li T, Xu Y, Yin S, Liu B, Zhu S, Wang W, Wang Y, Liu F, Allain JP, Li C. Characterization of major histocompatibility complex class I allele polymorphisms in common marmosets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 84:568-73. [PMID: 25355647 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Currently, little information is available for major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I that conditions the T-cell response of marmosets. In this study, 471 clones of MHC-I cDNA sequences were isolated from 12 marmosets. Twenty full-length sequences of class I G (Caja-G) alleles were obtained from these marmosets, 15 of them were novel. Among these 20 Caja-G alleles, 10 were found in individual animals while the rests were in two to four marmosets, but none was common to all animals. Ten marmosets possessed one to three Caja-G alleles, and two marmosets carried five or six alleles, which suggested that the Caja-G locus was duplicated in marmoset's genome. The high polymorphisms of Caja-G sequences provided important information helpful for understanding the cellular immune response in virus-infected marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Kono A, Brameier M, Roos C, Suzuki S, Shigenari A, Kametani Y, Kitaura K, Matsutani T, Suzuki R, Inoko H, Walter L, Shiina T. Genomic sequence analysis of the MHC class I G/F segment in common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:3239-46. [PMID: 24600031 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a New World monkey that is used frequently as a model for various human diseases. However, detailed knowledge about the MHC is still lacking. In this study, we sequenced and annotated a total of 854 kb of the common marmoset MHC region that corresponds to the HLA-A/G/F segment (Caja-G/F) between the Caja-G1 and RNF39 genes. The sequenced region contains 19 MHC class I genes, of which 14 are of the MHC-G (Caja-G) type, and 5 are of the MHC-F (Caja-F) type. Six putatively functional Caja-G and Caja-F genes (Caja-G1, Caja-G3, Caja-G7, Caja-G12, Caja-G13, and Caja-F4), 13 pseudogenes related either to Caja-G or Caja-F, three non-MHC genes (ZNRD1, PPPIR11, and RNF39), two miscRNA genes (ZNRD1-AS1 and HCG8), and one non-MHC pseudogene (ETF1P1) were identified. Phylogenetic analysis suggests segmental duplications of units consisting of basically five (four Caja-G and one Caja-F) MHC class I genes, with subsequent expansion/deletion of genes. A similar genomic organization of the Caja-G/F segment has not been observed in catarrhine primates, indicating that this genomic segment was formed in New World monkeys after the split of New World and Old World monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azumi Kono
- Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1143, Japan
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