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Sharma G, Singh V, Raheja Y, Chadha BS. Unlocking the potential of feruloyl esterase from Myceliophthora verrucosa: a key player in efficient conversion of biorefinery-relevant pretreated rice straw. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:168. [PMID: 38828098 PMCID: PMC11139844 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The lignocellulolytic accessory enzyme, Feruloyl esterase C (FE_5DR), encoded in the genome of thermotolerant Myceliophthora verrucosa was successfully cloned and heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris. The expressed FE_5DR was purified using UNOsphere™ Q anion exchange chromatography column, exhibiting a homogeneous band of ~ 39 kDa. Its optimum temperature was determined to be 60 °C, with an optimal pH of 6.0. Additionally, the enzyme activity of FE_5DR was significantly enhanced by preincubation in a buffer containing Mg2+, Cu2+ and Ca2 metal ions. Enzyme kinetic parameters, computed from double reciprocal Lineweaver-Burk plots, yielded observed Vmax and Km values of 0.758 U/mg and 0.439 mM, respectively. Furthermore, the potential of custom-made cocktails comprising FE_5DR and benchmark cellulase derived from the developed mutant strain of Aspergillus allahabadii MAN 40, as well as the biorefinery-relevant lignocellulolytic enzyme Cellic CTec 3, resulted in improved saccharification of unwashed acid pretreated (UWAP) rice straw slurry and mild alkali deacetylated (MAD) rice straw when compared to benchmark MAN 40 and Cellic CTec 3. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04013-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| | - Yashika Raheja
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
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2
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Yang W, Zheng Z, Shi Y, Reynolds AG, Duan C, Lan Y. Volatile phenols in wine: overview of origin, formation, analysis, and sensory expression. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-26. [PMID: 38766770 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2354526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Volatile phenols impart particular aromas to wine. Due to their distinctive aroma characteristics and low sensory thresholds, volatile phenols can easily influence and modify the aroma of wine. Since these compounds can be formed in wines in various ways, it is necessary to clarify the possible sources of each volatile phenol to achieve management during the winemaking process. The sources of volatile phenols in wine are divided into berry-derived, fermentation-derived, and oak-derived. The pathways and factors influencing the formation of volatile phenols from each source are then reviewed respectively. In addition, an overview of the sensory impact of volatile phenols is given, both in terms of the aroma these volatile phenols directly bring to the wine and their contribution through aroma interactions. Finally, as an essential basis for exploring the scientific problems of volatile phenols in wine, approaches to quantitation of volatile phenols and their precursors are discussed in detail. With the advancement of analytical techniques, more details on volatile phenols have been discovered. Further exploration is worthwhile to achieve more detailed monitoring and targeted management of volatile phenols in wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Yang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Beijing, China
| | - Ziang Zheng
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Changqing Duan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Beijing, China
| | - Yibin Lan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Beijing, China
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3
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Zhang Y, Ye Q, Liu B, Feng Z, Zhang X, Luo M, Yang L. Fermenting Distiller's Grains by the Domesticated Microbial Consortium To Release Ferulic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72. [PMID: 38598779 PMCID: PMC11046480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The microbial consortium FA12 that can release ferulic acid (FA) by fermenting distiller's grains was screened from Daqu. Taibaiella, Comamonadaceae, and Ochrobacum were highly abundant in FA12 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In the process of long-term acclimation with distiller's grains as a medium, the biomass of FA12 remained stable, and the pH value of fermentation liquid was also relatively stable. Meanwhile, the activities of cellulase, xylanase, and feruloyl esterase secreted by FA12 were stable in the ranges of 0.2350-0.4470, 0.1917-0.3078, and 0.1103-0.1595 U/mL, respectively, and the release of FA could reach 133.77 μg/g. It is proven that the microbial consortium has good genetic stability. In addition, the structural changes of lignocellulose in distiller's grains before and after fermentation were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the changes of distiller's grains weight and lignocellulose content before and after fermentation were also detected. These results all confirmed that FA12 had the function of degrading distiller's grains. In this study, we explored a method to use microbial communities to release FA from distiller's grains and degrade lignocellulose in the waste, which opened up a new way for the application of the high value of lost waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
| | - Qiang Ye
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
| | - Bo Liu
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
| | - Zhiping Feng
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
| | - Mingyou Luo
- Xufu
Distillery Co. Ltd., Yibin 644000, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
- Liquor
Making Bio-Technology & Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan
Province, Sichuan University of Science
& Engineering, Yibin 643000, China
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4
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Jeon S, Hwang J, Do H, Le LTHL, Lee CW, Yoo W, Lee MJ, Shin SC, Kim KK, Kim HW, Lee JH. Feruloyl Esterase ( LaFae) from Lactobacillus acidophilus: Structural Insights and Functional Characterization for Application in Ferulic Acid Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11170. [PMID: 37446348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid and related hydroxycinnamic acids, used as antioxidants and preservatives in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, are among the most abundant phenolic compounds present in plant biomass. Identification of novel compounds that can produce ferulic acid and hydroxycinnamic acids, that are safe and can be mass-produced, is critical for the sustainability of these industries. In this study, we aimed to obtain and characterize a feruloyl esterase (LaFae) from Lactobacillus acidophilus. Our results demonstrated that LaFae reacts with ethyl ferulate and can be used to effectively produce ferulic acid from wheat bran, rice bran and corn stalks. In addition, xylanase supplementation was found to enhance LaFae enzymatic hydrolysis, thereby augmenting ferulic acid production. To further investigate the active site configuration of LaFae, crystal structures of unliganded and ethyl ferulate-bound LaFae were determined at 2.3 and 2.19 Å resolutions, respectively. Structural analysis shows that a Phe34 residue, located at the active site entrance, acts as a gatekeeper residue and controls substrate binding. Mutating this Phe34 to Ala produced an approximately 1.6-fold increase in LaFae activity against p-nitrophenyl butyrate. Our results highlight the considerable application potential of LaFae to produce ferulic acid from plant biomass and agricultural by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeun Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisub Hwang
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 07505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 07505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hackwon Do
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 07505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 07505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ly Thi Huong Luu Le
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Lee
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 07505, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanki Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science (GSBMS), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Lee
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 07505, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chul Shin
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 07505, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science (GSBMS), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Woo Kim
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 07505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 07505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 07505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 07505, Republic of Korea
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5
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García-Calvo L, Rodríguez-Castro R, Ullán RV, Albillos SM, Fernández-Aguado M, Vicente CM, Degnes KF, Sletta H, Barreiro C. Penicillium chrysogenum as a fungal factory for feruloyl esterases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:691-717. [PMID: 36595038 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12335-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant biomass is a promising substrate for biorefinery, as well as a source of bioactive compounds, platform chemicals, and precursors with multiple industrial applications. These applications depend on the hydrolysis of its recalcitrant structure. However, the effective biological degradation of plant cell walls requires several enzymatic groups acting synergistically, and novel enzymes are needed in order to achieve profitable industrial hydrolysis processes. In the present work, a feruloyl esterase (FAE) activity screening of Penicillium spp. strains revealed a promising candidate (Penicillium rubens Wisconsin 54-1255; previously Penicillium chrysogenum), where two FAE-ORFs were identified and subsequently overexpressed. Enzyme extracts were analyzed, confirming the presence of FAE activity in the respective gene products (PrFaeA and PrFaeB). PrFaeB-enriched enzyme extracts were used to determine the FAE activity optima (pH 5.0 and 50-55 °C) and perform proteome analysis by means of MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. The studies were completed with the determination of other lignocellulolytic activities, an untargeted metabolite analysis, and upscaled FAE production in stirred tank reactors. The findings described in this work present P. rubens as a promising lignocellulolytic enzyme producer. KEY POINTS: • Two Penicillium rubens ORFs were first confirmed to have feruloyl esterase activity. • Overexpression of the ORFs produced a novel P. rubens strain with improved activity. • The first in-depth proteomic study of a P. rubens lignocellulolytic extract is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-Calvo
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), Avda. Real 1 - Parque Científico de León, 24006, León, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Raquel Rodríguez-Castro
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), Avda. Real 1 - Parque Científico de León, 24006, León, Spain
| | - Ricardo V Ullán
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), Avda. Real 1 - Parque Científico de León, 24006, León, Spain.
- mAbxience, Upstream Production, Parque Tecnológico de León, Julia Morros, S/N, Armunia, 24009, León, Spain.
| | - Silvia M Albillos
- Área de Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biotecnología Y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-Aguado
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), Avda. Real 1 - Parque Científico de León, 24006, León, Spain
| | - Cláudia M Vicente
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), Avda. Real 1 - Parque Científico de León, 24006, León, Spain
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Kristin F Degnes
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Richard Birkelands Vei 3 B, 7034, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard Sletta
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Richard Birkelands Vei 3 B, 7034, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Carlos Barreiro
- Área de Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, 24007, León, Spain.
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6
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Kasmaei KM, Kalyani DC, Reichenbach T, Jiménez-Quero A, Vilaplana F, Divne C. Crystal structure of the feruloyl esterase from Lentilactobacillus buchneri reveals a novel homodimeric state. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1050160. [PMID: 36569051 PMCID: PMC9776664 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1050160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid is a common constituent of the plant cell-wall matrix where it decorates and can crosslink mainly arabinoxylans to provide structural reinforcement. Microbial feruloyl esterases (FAEs) specialize in catalyzing hydrolysis of the ester bonds between phenolic acids and sugar residues in plant cell-wall polysaccharides such as arabinoxylan to release cinnamoyl compounds. Feruloyl esterases from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been highlighted as interesting enzymes for their potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries; however, there are few studies on the activity and structure of FAEs of LAB origin. Here, we report the crystal structure and biochemical characterization of a feruloyl esterase (LbFAE) from Lentilactobacillus buchneri, a LAB strain that has been used as a silage additive. The LbFAE structure was determined in the absence and presence of product (FA) and reveals a new type of homodimer association not previously observed for fungal or bacterial FAEs. The two subunits associate to restrict access to the active site such that only single FA chains attached to arabinoxylan can be accommodated, an arrangement that excludes access to FA cross-links between arabinoxylan chains. This narrow specificity is further corroborated by the observation that no FA dimers are produced, only FA, when feruloylated arabinoxylan is used as substrate. Docking of arabinofuranosyl-ferulate in the LbFAE structure highlights the restricted active site and lends further support to our hypothesis that LbFAE is specific for single FA side chains in arabinoxylan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Mogodiniyai Kasmaei
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dayanand C. Kalyani
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom Reichenbach
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amparo Jiménez-Quero
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Divne
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden,*Correspondence: Christina Divne,
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7
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Microbial xylanolytic carbohydrate esterases. Essays Biochem 2022; 67:479-491. [PMID: 36468678 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This article reviews microbial esterases participating in the degradation of the major plant hemicellulose, xylan. The main chain of this polysaccharide built of β-1,4-glycosidically linked xylopyranosyl residues is substituted by other sugars and also partially acetylated. Besides esters of acetic acid, there are two other types of ester linkages in plant xylans. L-Arabinofuranosyl side chains form esters with phenolic acids, predominantly with ferulic acid. The dimerization of ferulic acid residues leads to cross-links connecting the hemicellulose molecules. Ferulic acid cross-links were shown to serve as covalent linkage between lignin and hemicellulose. Another cross-linking between lignin and hemicellulose is provided by esters between the xylan side residues of glucuronic or 4-O-methyl-D-glucurononic acid and lignin alcohols. Regardless of the cross-linking, the side residues prevent xylan main chains from association that leads to crystallization similar to that of cellulose. Simultaneously, xylan decorations hamper the action of enzymes acting on the main chain. The enzymatic breakdown of plant xylan, therefore, requires a concerted action of glycanases attacking the main chain and enzymes catalyzing debranching, called accessory xylanolytic enzymes including xylanolytic esterases. While acetylxylan esterases and feruloyl esterases participate directly in xylan degradation, glucuronoyl esterases catalyze its separation from lignin. The current state of knowledge of diversity, classification and structure–function relationship of these three types of xylanolytic carbohydrate esterases is discussed with emphasis on important aspects of their future research relevant to their industrial applications.
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8
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Tesei D, Quartinello F, Guebitz GM, Ribitsch D, Nöbauer K, Razzazi-Fazeli E, Sterflinger K. Shotgun proteomics reveals putative polyesterases in the secretome of the rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia chersonesos. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9770. [PMID: 32555357 PMCID: PMC7299934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Knufia chersonesos is an ascomycotal representative of black fungi, a morphological group of polyextremotolerant melanotic fungi, whose ability to resort to recalcitrant carbon sources makes it an interesting candidate for degradation purposes. A secretome screening towards polyesterases was carried out for the fungus and its non-melanized mutant, grown in presence of the synthetic copolyester Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) as additional or sole carbon source, and resulted in the identification of 37 esterolytic and lipolytic enzymes across the established cultivation conditions. Quantitative proteomics allowed to unveil 9 proteins being constitutively expressed at all conditions and 7 which were instead detected as up-regulated by PBAT exposure. Protein functional analysis and structure prediction indicated similarity of these enzymes to microbial polyesterases of known biotechnological use such as MHETase from Ideonella sakaiensis and CalA from Candida albicans. For both strains, PBAT hydrolysis was recorded at all cultivation conditions and primarily the corresponding monomers were released, which suggests degradation to the polymer's smallest building block. The work presented here aims to demonstrate how investigations of the secretome can provide new insights into the eco-physiology of polymer degrading fungi and ultimately aid the identification of novel enzymes with potential application in polymer processing, recycling and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Tesei
- Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Felice Quartinello
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Doris Ribitsch
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Katharina Nöbauer
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katja Sterflinger
- Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Fan G, Zhu Y, Fu Z, Sun B, Teng C, Yang R, Li X. Optimization of fermentation conditions for the production of recombinant feruloyl esterase from Burkholderia pyrrocinia B1213. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:216. [PMID: 32355590 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Statistical experimental designs were used to optimize conditions for recombinant Burkholderia pyrrocinia feruloyl esterase (BpFae) production in bacteria under lactose induction. After optimization by single factor design, Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent design and the response surface method, the optimal conditions for BpFae production were: 6 g/L lactose, pH 5.5, pre-induced period 5 h, 23 °C, shaker rotational speed of 240 rpm, medium volume of 50 mL/250 mL, inoculum size 0.2% (v/v), and a post-induced period of 32 h in a Luria-Bertani culture. The produced BpFae activity was 7.43 U/mL, which is 2.92 times higher than that obtained under optimal conditions using IPTG as the inducer. BpFae activity was 4.82 U/mL in a 5 L fermenter under the abovementioned optimal conditions. BpFae produced a small amount of ethyl acetate but had no effect on the synthesis of other important esters in Baijiu. The results underpin further investigations into BpFae characterization and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsen Fan
- 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048 China
- 2School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048 China
- 3Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Zhilei Fu
- 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048 China
- 2School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048 China
- 2School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048 China
- 3Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Chao Teng
- 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048 China
- 2School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048 China
- 3Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Ran Yang
- 2School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Xiuting Li
- 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048 China
- 2School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048 China
- 3Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048 China
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10
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Su R, Ni K, Wang T, Yang X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Shi W, Yan L, Jie C, Zhong J. Effects of ferulic acid esterase-producing Lactobacillus fermentum and cellulase additives on the fermentation quality and microbial community of alfalfa silage. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7712. [PMID: 31608168 PMCID: PMC6788448 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is an important forage material widely used for animal feed production. Ensiling is an effective method for preserving alfalfa, but it has shown some limitations in the production of high-quality alfalfa silage due to its low water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content and high buffering capacity. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cellulase are often used as silage additives to promote the ensiling process and enhance fermentation quality. Methods Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of ferulic acid esterase (FAE)-producing Lactobacillus fermentum 17SD-2 (LF) and cellulase (CE) on the fermentation quality and microbial community of alfalfa silage. After 60 days of ensiling, analysis of fermentation quality and bacterial diversity in alfalfa silages were conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography and high-throughput sequencing methods. Results Alfalfa was ensiled with additives (LF, CE, and LF+CE) or without additives for 60 days. All additives increased lactic acid and decreased pH values and ammonia-N contents compared to control. Among all treatments, the combined addition of LF and CE showed lowest pH (4.66) and ammonia-N (NH3-N, 0.57% DM) content, highest contents of lactic acid (LA, 10.51% DM), dry matter (DM, 22.54%) and crude protein (CP, 24.60% DM). Combined addition of LF and CE performed better in reducing neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 29.76% DM) and acid detergent fiber (ADF, 22.86% DM) contents than the addition of LF (33.71, 27.39% DM) or CE (32.07, 25.45% DM) alone. Moreover, the microbial analysis indicated that LF+CE treatments increased the abundance of desirable Lactobacillus and inhibited the growth of detrimental Enterobacter and Clostridia in alfalfa silage. Discussion Combined addition of FAE-producing LF and CE is more effective than treatments of LF or CE alone in improving fermentation quality and nutrition values of alfalfa silage. This is likely due to a synergistic effect of CE and FAE produced by LF on plant cell wall degradation, indicating that these additives promote each other to improve fiber degradation and silage fermentation. In conclusion, combined addition of FAE-producing LF and CE could be a feasible way to improve alfalfa silage quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Su
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kuikui Ni
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianwei Wang
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopan Yang
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yayong Liu
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weixiong Shi
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yan
- Hebei Zhongyu Zhongke Biotechnology Development Company, Hebei, China
| | - Chen Jie
- Hebei Zhongyu Zhongke Biotechnology Development Company, Hebei, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Expression and characterisation of feruloyl esterases from Lactobacillus fermentum JN248 and release of ferulic acid from wheat bran. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:272-277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Xu Z, Wang T, Zhang S. Extracellular secretion of feruloyl esterase derived from Lactobacillus crispatus in Escherichia coli and its application for ferulic acid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 288:121526. [PMID: 31129518 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A feruloyl esterase producing strain was isolated and identified as Lactobacillus crispatus S524. Its putative feruloyl esterase was heterogeneously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Interestingly, the feruloyl esterase (FaeLcr) could be secreted into the culture medium with a relative high purity of 201.7 mg/L. FaeLcr was purified from the cell-free culture supernatant and appeared as a single protein band with the molecular mass of 28 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The optimal temperature and pH were determined as 65 °C and 7.0, and it showed prominent thermo-stability and alkali-stability. Furthermore, the purified FarLcr could release a maximal amount of 199 µg ferulic acid from 0.2 g de-starched wheat bran. Meanwhile, when cultured this recombinant E. coli strain in medium supplemented with 2 g de-starched wheat bran, 1.86 mg ferulic acid was also detected. These results suggested that the recombinant strain has a great potential application in feruloyl esterase and ferulic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Susu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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Cloning, Characterization, and Functional Expression of a Thermostable Type B Feruloyl Esterase from Thermophilic Thielavia Terrestris. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:1304-1317. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Loop of Streptomyces Feruloyl Esterase Plays an Important Role in the Enzyme's Catalyzing the Release of Ferulic Acid from Biomass. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02300-17. [PMID: 29150515 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02300-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Feruloyl esterases (FAEs) are key enzymes required for the production of ferulic acid from agricultural biomass. Previously, we identified and characterized R18, an FAE from Streptomyces cinnamoneus NBRC 12852, which showed no sequence similarity to the known FAEs. To determine the region involved in its catalytic activity, we constructed chimeric enzymes using R18 and its homolog (TH2-18) from S. cinnamoneus strain TH-2. Although R18 and TH2-18 showed 74% identity in their primary sequences, the recombinant proteins of these two FAEs (recombinant R18 [rR18] and rTH2-18) showed very different specific activities toward ethyl ferulate. By comparing the catalytic activities of the chimeras, a domain comprised of residues 140 to 154 was found to be crucial for the catalytic activity of R18. Furthermore, we analyzed the crystal structure of rR18 at a resolution of 1.5 Å to elucidate the relationship between its activity and its structure. rR18 possessed a typical catalytic triad, consisting of Ser-191, Asp-214, and His-268, which was characteristic of the serine esterase family. By structural analysis, the above-described domain was found to be present in a loop-like structure (the R18 loop), which possessed a disulfide bond conserved in the genus Streptomyces Moreover, compared to rTH2-18 of its parental strain, the TH2-18 mutant, in which Pro and Gly residues were inserted into the domain responsible for forming the R18 loop, showed markedly high kcat values using artificial substrates. We also showed that the FAE activity of TH2-18 toward corn bran, a natural substrate, was improved by the insertion of the Gly and Pro residues.IMPORTANCEStreptomyces species are widely distributed bacteria that are predominantly present in soil and function as decomposers in natural environments. They produce various enzymes, such as carbohydrate hydrolases, esterases, and peptidases, which decompose agricultural biomass. In this study, based on the genetic information on two Streptomyces cinnamoneus strains, we identified novel feruloyl esterases (FAEs) capable of producing ferulic acid from biomass. These two FAEs shared high similarity in their amino acid sequences but did not resemblance any known FAEs. By comparing chimeric proteins and performing crystal structure analysis, we confirmed that a flexible loop was important for the catalytic activity of Streptomyces FAEs. Furthermore, we determined that the catalytic activity of one FAE was improved drastically by inserting only 2 amino acids into its loop-forming domain. Thus, differences in the amino acid sequence of the loop resulted in different catalytic activities. In conclusion, our findings provide a foundation for the development of novel enzymes for industrial use.
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15
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A type D ferulic acid esterase from Streptomyces werraensis affects the volume of wheat dough pastries. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:1269-1279. [PMID: 29188331 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A type D ferulic acid esterase (FAE) was identified in the culture supernatant of Streptomyces werraensis, purified, sequenced, and heterologously produced in E. coli BL21(DE3)Star by co-expressing chaperones groES-groEL (69 U L-1). The unique enzyme with a mass of about 48 kDa showed no similarity to other FAEs, and only moderate homology (78.5%) to a Streptomycete β-xylosidase. The purified reSwFAED exhibited a temperature optimum of 40 °C, a pH optimum in the range from pH seven to eight and a clear preference for bulky natural substrates, such as 5-O-trans-feruloyl-L-arabinofuranose (FA) and β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-5-O-trans-feruloyl-L-arabinofuranose (FAX), compared to the synthetic standard substrate methyl ferulate. Treatment of wheat dough with as little as 0.03 U or 0.3 U kg-1 reSwFAED activity resulted in a significant increase of the bun volume (8.0 or 9.7%, resp.) after baking when combined with polysaccharide-degrading enzymes from Aspergillus. For the first time, the long-standing, but rarely proven positive effect of a FAE in baking was confirmed.
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16
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Chi DH, Giap VD, Anh LPH, Nghi DH. Feruloyl esterase from Alternaria tenuissima that hydrolyses lignocellulosic material to release hydroxycinnamic acids. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683817060047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Crystal Structure and Substrate Specificity Modification of Acetyl Xylan Esterase from Aspergillus luchuensis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.01251-17. [PMID: 28802264 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01251-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetyl xylan esterase (AXE) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the acetyl bonds present in plant cell wall polysaccharides. Here, we determined the crystal structure of AXE from Aspergillus luchuensis (AlAXEA), providing the three-dimensional structure of an enzyme in the Esterase_phb family. AlAXEA shares its core α/β-hydrolase fold structure with esterases in other families, but it has an extended central β-sheet at both its ends and an extra loop. Structural comparison with a ferulic acid esterase (FAE) from Aspergillus niger indicated that AlAXEA has a conserved catalytic machinery: a catalytic triad (Ser119, His259, and Asp202) and an oxyanion hole (Cys40 and Ser120). Near the catalytic triad of AlAXEA, two aromatic residues (Tyr39 and Trp160) form small pockets at both sides. Homology models of fungal FAEs in the same Esterase_phb family have wide pockets at the corresponding sites because they have residues with smaller side chains (Pro, Ser, and Gly). Mutants with site-directed mutations at Tyr39 showed a substrate specificity similar to that of the wild-type enzyme, whereas those with mutations at Trp160 acquired an expanded substrate specificity. Interestingly, the Trp160 mutants acquired weak but significant type B-like FAE activity. Moreover, the engineered enzymes exhibited ferulic acid-releasing activity from wheat arabinoxylan.IMPORTANCE Hemicelluloses in the plant cell wall are often decorated by acetyl and ferulic acid groups. Therefore, complete and efficient degradation of plant polysaccharides requires the enzymes for cleaving the side chains of the polymer. Since the Esterase_phb family contains a wide array of fungal FAEs and AXEs from fungi and bacteria, our study will provide a structural basis for the molecular mechanism of these industrially relevant enzymes in biopolymer degradation. The structure of the Esterase_phb family also provides information for bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoate depolymerases that are involved in biodegradation of thermoplastic polymers.
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18
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Nieter A, Kelle S, Linke D, Berger RG. A p-coumaroyl esterase from Rhizoctonia solani with a pronounced chlorogenic acid esterase activity. N Biotechnol 2017; 37:153-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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Xu Z, He H, Zhang S, Guo T, Kong J. Characterization of Feruloyl Esterases Produced by the Four Lactobacillus Species: L. amylovorus, L. acidophilus, L. farciminis and L. fermentum, Isolated from Ensiled Corn Stover. Front Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28626449 PMCID: PMC5454770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play important roles in silage fermentation, which depends on the production of sufficient organic acids to inhibit the growth of undesirable microorganisms. However, LAB are not able to degrade cellulose and hemicellulose. Bacteria and fibrolytic enzymes are usually used as inoculants to improve the silage quality and digestibility. In the present study, we isolated four Lactobacillus strains (L. amylovorus CGMCC 11056, L. acidophilus CCTCC AB2010208, L. farciminis CCTCC AB2016237 and L. fermentum CCTCC AB2010204) with feruloyl esterase (FAE) activities from ensiled corn stover (CS) by a plate screening assay. The genes encoding FAEs were cloned and hetero-expressed in Escherichia coli. The optimal temperature and pH of these purified enzymes ranged from 45 to 50°C and from 7.0 to 8.0, respectively. They could hydrolyze hydroxycinnamoyl esters in a substrate-specific manner when methyl ferulate, methyl caffeate, methyl ρ-coumarate and methyl sinapinate were used as substrates. Moreover, these four FAEs were able to hydrolyze CS to release hydroxycinnamic acids. Furthermore, these strains could degrade hydroxycinnamic esters, and L. amylovorus CGMCC 11056 was the most efficient strain among these four isolates. These results provided a new target for the development of inoculants to improve silage quality and digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Huiying He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Susu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
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20
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Zwane EN, van Zyl PJ, Duodu KG, Rose SH, Rumbold K, van Zyl WH, Viljoen-Bloom M. Enrichment of maize and triticale bran with recombinant Aspergillus tubingensis ferulic acid esterase. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:778-785. [PMID: 28298692 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ferulic acid is a natural antioxidant found in various plants and serves as a precursor for various fine chemicals, including the flavouring agent vanillin. However, expensive extraction methods have limited the commercial application of ferulic acid, in particular for the enrichment of food substrates. A recombinant Aspergillus tubingensis ferulic acid esterase Type A (FAEA) was expressed in Aspergillus niger D15#26 and purified with anion-exchange chromatography (3487 U/mg, Km = 0.43 mM, Kcat = 0.48/min on methyl ferulate). The 36-kDa AtFAEA protein showed maximum ferulic acid esterase activity at 50 °C and pH 6, suggesting potential application in industrial processes. A crude AtFAEA preparation extracted 26.56 and 8.86 mg/g ferulic acid from maize bran and triticale bran, respectively, and also significantly increased the levels of p-coumaric and caffeic acid from triticale bran. The cost-effective production of AtFAEA could therefore allow for the enrichment of brans generally used as food and fodder, or for the production of fine chemicals (such as ferulic and p-coumaric acid) from plant substrates. The potential for larger-scale production of AtFAEA was demonstrated with the A. niger D15[AtfaeA] strain yielding a higher enzyme activity (185.14 vs. 83.48 U/ml) and volumetric productivity (3.86 vs. 1.74 U/ml/h) in fed-batch than batch fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice N Zwane
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| | | | - Kwaku G Duodu
- Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Shaunita H Rose
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| | - Karl Rumbold
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand (WITS), Private Bag X3, Wits, 2050 South Africa
| | - Willem H van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| | - Marinda Viljoen-Bloom
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
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21
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Biochemical characteristics of three feruloyl esterases with a broad substrate spectrum from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H47. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Song YR, Baik SH. Molecular cloning, purification, and characterization of a novel thermostable cinnamoyl esterase from Lactobacillus helveticus KCCM 11223. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 47:496-504. [PMID: 28045590 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2016.1275011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A gene encoding cinnamoyl esterase (CE), which breaks down chlorogenic acid (ChA) into caffeic and quinic acids, was cloned from Lactobacillus helveticus KCCM 11223. The gene with an open reading frame of 759 nucleotides was expressed in Escherichia coli, which resulted in a 51.6-fold increase in specific activity compared to L. helveticus KCCM 11223. The recombinant CE exists as a monomeric enzyme having a molecular weight of 27.4 kDa. Although the highest activity was observed at pH 7, the enzyme showed stable activity at pH 4.0-10.0. Its optimum temperature was 65°C, and it also possessed a thermophilic activity: the half-life of CE was 24.4 min at 65°C. The half-life of CE was 145.5, 80.5, and 24.4 min at 60, 62, and 65°C, respectively. The Km and Vmax values for ChA were 0.153 mM and 559.6 µM/min, respectively. Moreover, the CE showed the highest substrate specificity with methyl caffeate among other methyl esters of hydroxycinnamic acids such as methyl ferulate, methyl sinapinate, methyl p-coumarate, and methyl caffeate. Ca2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+ significantly reduced the relative activity on ChA up to 70%. This is the first report on a thermostable CE from lactic acid bacteria that can be useful to hydrolyze ChA from plant cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ran Song
- a Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, and Fermented Food Research Center , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Korea.,b Korea Food Research Institute , Sungnam , Gyeonggi-do , Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Baik
- a Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, and Fermented Food Research Center , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Korea
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An unusual feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus oryzae: two tryptophan residues play a crucial role for the activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Vine Trimming Shoots as Substrate for Ferulic Acid Esterases Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:813-826. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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26
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Gherbovet O, Fauré R, Ferreira F, Durand J, Ragon M, Hostyn G, Record E, Bozonnet S, O’Donohue MJ. Design of chromogenic probes for efficient screening and evaluation of feruloyl esterase-like activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Kang L, Bai Y, Cai Y, Zheng X. Discovery of novel feruloyl esterase activity of BioH in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Biotechnol Lett 2016; 38:1009-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Chyba A, Mastihuba V, Mastihubová M. Effective enzymatic caffeoylation of natural glucopyranosides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1567-1570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Rich JO, Manitchotpisit P, Peterson SW, Liu S, Leathers TD, Anderson AM. Phylogenetic classification of Aureobasidium pullulans strains for production of feruloyl esterase. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 38:863-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Clostridium thermocellum releases coumaric acid during degradation of untreated grasses by the action of an unknown enzyme. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:2907-15. [PMID: 26762388 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium thermocellum is an anaerobic thermophile with the ability to digest lignocellulosic biomass that has not been pretreated with high temperatures. Thermophilic anaerobes have previously been shown to more readily degrade grasses than wood. Part of the explanation for this may be the presence of relatively large amounts of coumaric acid in grasses, with linkages to both hemicellulose and lignin. We found that C. thermocellum and cell-free cellulase preparations both release coumaric acid from bagasse and switchgrass. Cellulase preparations from a mutant strain lacking the scaffoldin cipA still showed activity, though diminished. Deletion of all three proteins in C. thermocellum with ferulic acid esterase domains, either singly or in combination, did not eliminate the activity. Further work will be needed to identify the novel enzyme(s) responsible for the release of coumaric acid from grasses and to determine whether these enzymes are important factors of microbial biomass degradation.
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M. de Oliveira D, Hugo Salvador V, R. Mota T, Finger-Teixeira A, F. de Almeida R, A. A. Paixão D, P. De Souza A, S. Buckeridge M, Marchiosi R, Ferrarese-Filho O, M. Squina F, D. dos Santos W. Feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus clavatus improves xylan hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2017.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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32
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de Oliveira DM, Finger-Teixeira A, Mota TR, Salvador VH, Moreira-Vilar FC, Molinari HBC, Mitchell RAC, Marchiosi R, Ferrarese-Filho O, dos Santos WD. Ferulic acid: a key component in grass lignocellulose recalcitrance to hydrolysis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:1224-32. [PMID: 25417596 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the near future, grasses must provide most of the biomass for the production of renewable fuels. However, grass cell walls are characterized by a large quantity of hydroxycinnamic acids such as ferulic and p-coumaric acids, which are thought to reduce the biomass saccharification. Ferulic acid (FA) binds to lignin, polysaccharides and structural proteins of grass cell walls cross-linking these components. A controlled reduction of FA level or of FA cross-linkages in plants of industrial interest can improve the production of cellulosic ethanol. Here, we review the biosynthesis and roles of FA in cell wall architecture and in grass biomass recalcitrance to enzyme hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyoni Matias de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Aline Finger-Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Thatiane Rodrigues Mota
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Salvador
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rogério Marchiosi
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo Ferrarese-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Wanderley Dantas dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Watanabe M, Yoshida E, Fukada H, Inoue H, Tokura M, Ishikawa K. Characterization of a feruloyl esterase B from Talaromyces cellulolyticus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1845-51. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1058700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
A feruloyl esterase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl (feruloyl) group from esterified sugars in plant cell walls. Talaromyces cellulolyticus is a high cellulolytic-enzyme producing fungus. However, there is no report for feruloyl esterase activity of T. cellulolyticus. Analysis of the genome database of T. cellulolyticus identified a gene encoding a putative feruloyl esterase B. The recombinant enzyme was prepared using a T. cellulolyticus homologous expression system and characterized. The purified enzyme exhibited hydrolytic activity toward p-nitrophenyl acetate, p-nitrophenyl trans-ferulate, methyl ferulate, rice husk, and bagasse. HPLC assays showed that the enzyme released ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid from hydrothermal-treated rice husk and bagasse. Trichoderma sp. is well-known high cellulolytic-enzyme producing fungus useful for the lignocellulosic biomass saccharification. Interestingly, no feruloyl esterase has been reported from Trichoderma sp. The results show that this enzyme is expected to be industrially useful for biomass saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Watanabe
- Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi-hiroshima, Japan
| | - Erika Yoshida
- Frontier Research Labs, Institute for Innovation Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fukada
- Frontier Research Labs, Institute for Innovation Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi-hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Tokura
- Frontier Research Labs, Institute for Innovation Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishikawa
- Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi-hiroshima, Japan
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Hunt CJ, Tanksale A, Haritos VS. Biochemical characterization of a halotolerant feruloyl esterase from Actinomyces spp.: refolding and activity following thermal deactivation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1777-1787. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kelle S, Nieter A, Krings U, Zelena K, Linke D, Berger RG. Heterologous production of a feruloyl esterase from Pleurotus sapidus synthesizing feruloyl-saccharide esters. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 63:852-862. [PMID: 26272349 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The feruloyl esterase (FAE) gene EST1 from the basidiomycete Pleurotus sapidus was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. Catalytically active recombinant Est1 was secreted using P. pastoris as a host. For expression in P. pastoris, the expression vector pPIC9K was applied. The EST1 gene was cloned with an N-terminal α-mating factor pre-pro sequence and expressed under the control of a methanol inducible alcohol oxidase 1 promotor. Est1 was purified to homogeneity using ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The recombinant Est1 showed optima at pH 5.0 and 50 °C, and released ferulic acid from saccharide esters and from the natural substrate destarched wheat bran. Substrate specificity profile and descriptor-based analysis demonstrated unique properties, showing that Est1 did not fit into the current FAE classification model. Transferuloylation synthesis of feruloyl-saccharide esters was proven for mono- and disaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kelle
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annabel Nieter
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Krings
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katerina Zelena
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hannover, Germany
| | - Diana Linke
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf G Berger
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hannover, Germany
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Cao LC, Chen R, Xie W, Liu YH. Enhancing the Thermostability of Feruloyl Esterase EstF27 by Directed Evolution and the Underlying Structural Basis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8225-33. [PMID: 26329893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
To improve the thermostability of EstF27, two rounds of random mutagenesis were performed. A thermostable mutant, M6, with six amino acid substitutions was obtained. The half-life of M6 at 55 °C is 1680 h, while that of EstF27 is 0.5 h. The Kcat/Km value of M6 is 1.9-fold higher than that of EstF27. The concentrations of ferulic acid released from destarched wheat bran by EstF27 and M6 at their respective optimal temperatures were 223.2 ± 6.8 and 464.8 ± 11.9 μM, respectively. To further understand the structural basis of the enhanced thermostability, the crystal structure of M6 is determined at 2.0 Å. Structural analysis shows that a new disulfide bond and hydrophobic interactions formed by the mutations may play an important role in stabilizing the protein. This study not only provides us with a robust catalyst, but also enriches our knowledge about the structure-function relationship of feruloyl esterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-chuang Cao
- School of Life Sciences, ‡State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, and §South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Chen
- School of Life Sciences, ‡State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, and §South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xie
- School of Life Sciences, ‡State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, and §South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-huan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, ‡State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, and §South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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Probing role of key residues in the divergent evolution of Yarrowia lipolytica lipase 2 and Aspergillus niger eruloyl esterase A. Microbiol Res 2015; 178:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang SB, Wang L, Liu Y, Zhai HC, Cai JP, Hu YS. Expression of feruloyl esterase A from Aspergillus terreus and its application in biomass degradation. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 115:153-7. [PMID: 26282562 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Feruloyl esterases (FAEs) are key enzymes involved in the complete biodegradation of lignocelluloses, which could hydrolyze the ester bonds between hemicellulose and lignin. The coding sequence of a feruloyl esterase A (AtFaeA) was cloned from Aspergillus terreus and the recombinant AtFaeA was constitutively expressed in Pichia pastoris. The SDS-PAGE analysis of purified AtFaeA showed two protein bands owing to the different extent of glycosylation, and the recombinant AtFaeA had an optimum temperature of 50°C and an optimum pH of 5.0. The substrate utilization and primary sequence identity of AtFaeA demonstrated that it is a type-A feruloyl esterase. The hydrolysis of corn stalk and corncob by xylanase from Aspergillus niger could be significantly improved in concert with recombinant AfFaeA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Bing Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Le Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Huan-Chen Zhai
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jing-Ping Cai
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuan-Sen Hu
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Palani Swamy SK, Govindaswamy V. Therapeutical properties of ferulic acid and bioavailability enhancement through feruloyl esterase. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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41
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Li J, Zhang S, Yi Z, Pei X, Wu Z. Removal of the free cysteine residue reduces irreversible thermal inactivation of feruloyl esterase: evidence from circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:612-9. [PMID: 26079173 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feruloyl esterase A from Aspergillus niger (AnFaeA) contains three intramolecular disulfide bonds and one free cysteine at position 235. Saturated mutagenesis at Cys235 was carried out to produce five active mutants, all of which displayed unusual thermal inactivation patterns with the most residual activity achieved at 75°C, much higher than the parental AnFaeA. But their optimal reaction temperatures were lower than the parental AnFaeA. Extensive investigation into their free thiol and disulfide bond, circular dichroism spectra and fluorescence spectra revealed that the unfolding of the parental enzyme was irreversible on all the tested conditions, while that of the Cys235 mutants was reversible, and their ability to refold was highly dependent on the denaturing temperature. Mutants denatured at 75°C were able to efficiently reverse the unfolding to regain native structure during the cooling process. This study provided valid evidence that free cysteine substitutions can reduce irreversible thermal inactivation of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Shuaibing Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhuolin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Pei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Zhongliu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
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Yin X, Hu D, Li JF, He Y, Zhu TD, Wu MC. Contribution of Disulfide Bridges to the Thermostability of a Type A Feruloyl Esterase from Aspergillus usamii. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126864. [PMID: 25969986 PMCID: PMC4429965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of disulfide bridges to the thermostability of a type A feruloyl esterase (AuFaeA) from Aspergillus usamii E001 was studied by introducing an extra disulfide bridge or eliminating a native one from the enzyme. MODIP and DbD, two computational tools that can predict the possible disulfide bridges in proteins for thermostability improvement, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to design the extra disulfide bridge. One residue pair A126-N152 was chosen, and the respective amino acid residues were mutated to cysteine. The wild-type AuFaeA and its variants were expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. The temperature optimum of the recombinant (re-) AuFaeAA126C-N152C was increased by 6°C compared to that of re-AuFaeA. The thermal inactivation half-lives of re-AuFaeAA126C-N152C at 55 and 60°C were 188 and 40 min, which were 12.5- and 10-folds longer than those of re-AuFaeA. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of re-AuFaeAA126C-N152C was similar to that of re-AuFaeA. Additionally, after elimination of each native disulfide bridge in AuFaeA, a great decrease in expression level and at least 10°C decrease in thermal stability of recombinant AuEaeA variants were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Die Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yao He
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tian-Di Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Min-Chen Wu
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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A Lactobacillus plantarum esterase active on a broad range of phenolic esters. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:3235-42. [PMID: 25746986 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00323-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum is the lactic acid bacterial species most frequently found in the fermentation of food products of plant origin on which phenolic compounds are abundant. L. plantarum strains showed great flexibility in their ability to adapt to different environments and growth substrates. Of 28 L. plantarum strains analyzed, only cultures from 7 strains were able to hydrolyze hydroxycinnamic esters, such as methyl ferulate or methyl caffeate. As revealed by PCR, only these seven strains possessed the est_1092 gene. When the est_1092 gene was introduced into L. plantarum WCFS1 or L. lactis MG1363, their cultures acquired the ability to degrade hydroxycinnamic esters. These results support the suggestion that Est_1092 is the enzyme responsible for the degradation of hydroxycinnamic esters on the L. plantarum strains analyzed. The Est_1092 protein was recombinantly produced and biochemically characterized. Surprisingly, Est_1092 was able to hydrolyze not only hydroxycinnamic esters, since all the phenolic esters assayed were hydrolyzed. Quantitative PCR experiments revealed that the expression of est_1092 was induced in the presence of methyl ferulate, an hydroxycinnamic ester, but was inhibited on methyl gallate, an hydroxybenzoic ester. As Est_1092 is an enzyme active on a broad range of phenolic esters, simultaneously possessing feruloyl esterase and tannase activities, its presence on some L. plantarum strains provides them with additional advantages to survive and grow on plant environments.
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A chlorogenic acid esterase with a unique substrate specificity from Ustilago maydis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 81:1679-88. [PMID: 25548041 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02911-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An extracellular chlorogenic acid esterase from Ustilago maydis (UmChlE) was purified to homogeneity by using three separation steps, including anion-exchange chromatography on a Q Sepharose FF column, preparative isoelectric focusing (IEF), and, finally, a combination of affinity chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography on polyamide. SDS-PAGE analysis suggested a monomeric protein of ∼71 kDa. The purified enzyme showed maximal activity at pH 7.5 and at 37°C and was active over a wide pH range (3.5 to 9.5). Previously described chlorogenic acid esterases exhibited a comparable affinity for chlorogenic acid, but the enzyme from Ustilago was also active on typical feruloyl esterase substrates. Kinetic constants for chlorogenic acid, methyl p-coumarate, methyl caffeate, and methyl ferulate were as follows: Km values of 19.6 μM, 64.1 μM, 72.5 μM, and 101.8 μM, respectively, and kcat/Km values of 25.83 mM(-1) s(-1), 7.63 mM(-1) s(-1), 3.83 mM(-1) s(-1) and 3.75 mM(-1) s(-1), respectively. UmChlE released ferulic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids from natural substrates such as destarched wheat bran (DSWB) and coffee pulp (CP), confirming activity on complex plant biomass. The full-length gene encoding UmChlE consisted of 1,758 bp, corresponding to a protein of 585 amino acids, and was functionally produced in Pichia pastoris GS115. Sequence alignments with annotated chlorogenic acid and feruloyl esterases underlined the uniqueness of this enzyme.
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Zeng Y, Yin X, Wu MC, Yu T, Feng F, Zhu TD, Pang QF. Expression of a novel feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus oryzae in Pichia pastoris with esterification activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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46
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Suzuki K, Hori A, Kawamoto K, Thangudu RR, Ishida T, Igarashi K, Samejima M, Yamada C, Arakawa T, Wakagi T, Koseki T, Fushinobu S. Crystal structure of a feruloyl esterase belonging to the tannase family: a disulfide bond near a catalytic triad. Proteins 2014; 82:2857-67. [PMID: 25066066 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Feruloyl esterase (FAE) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the ferulic and diferulic acids present in plant cell wall polysaccharides, and tannase catalyzes the hydrolysis of tannins to release gallic acid. The fungal tannase family in the ESTHER database contains various enzymes, including FAEs and tannases. Despite the importance of FAEs and tannases in bioindustrial applications, three-dimensional structures of the fungal tannase family members have been unknown. Here, we determined the crystal structure of FAE B from Aspergillus oryzae (AoFaeB), which belongs to the fungal tannase family, at 1.5 Å resolution. AoFaeB consists of a catalytic α/β-hydrolase fold domain and a large lid domain, and the latter has a novel fold. To estimate probable binding models of substrates in AoFaeB, an automated docking analysis was performed. In the active site pocket of AoFaeB, residues responsible for the substrate specificity of the FAE activity were identified. The catalytic triad of AoFaeB comprises Ser203, Asp417, and His457, and the serine and histidine residues are directly connected by a disulfide bond of the neighboring cysteine residues, Cys202 and Cys458. This structural feature, the "CS-D-HC motif," is unprecedented in serine hydrolases. A mutational analysis indicated that the novel structural motif plays essential roles in the function of the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Suzuki
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Uraji M, Arima J, Inoue Y, Harazono K, Hatanaka T. Application of two newly identified and characterized feruloyl esterases from Streptomyces sp. in the enzymatic production of ferulic acid from agricultural biomass. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104584. [PMID: 25093500 PMCID: PMC4122463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA), a component of hemicellulose in plant cell walls, is a phenolic acid with several potential applications based on its antioxidant properties. Recent studies have shown that feruloyl esterase (FAE) is a key bacterial enzyme involved in FA production from agricultural biomass. In this study, we screened a library of 43 esterases from Streptomyces species and identified two enzymes, R18 and R43, that have FAE activity toward ethyl ferulate. In addition, we characterized their enzyme properties in detail. R18 and R43 showed esterase activity toward other hydroxycinnamic acid esters as well, such as methyl p-coumarate, methyl caffeate, and methyl sinapinate. The amino acid sequences of R18 and R43 were neither similar to each other, nor to other FAEs. We found that R18 and R43 individually showed the ability to produce FA from corn bran; however, combination with other Streptomyces enzymes, namely xylanase and α-l-arabinofuranosidase, increased FA production from biomass such as corn bran, defatted rice bran, and wheat bran. These results suggest that R18 and R43 are effective FAEs for the enzymatic production of FA from biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misugi Uraji
- Research Institute for Biological Sciences (RIBS), Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Kaga-gun, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jiro Arima
- Department of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Harazono
- Enzyme Division, Bio Chemicals Department, Nagase ChemteX Corporation, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hatanaka
- Research Institute for Biological Sciences (RIBS), Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Kaga-gun, Okayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Levasseur A, Lomascolo A, Chabrol O, Ruiz-Dueñas FJ, Boukhris-Uzan E, Piumi F, Kües U, Ram AFJ, Murat C, Haon M, Benoit I, Arfi Y, Chevret D, Drula E, Kwon MJ, Gouret P, Lesage-Meessen L, Lombard V, Mariette J, Noirot C, Park J, Patyshakuliyeva A, Sigoillot JC, Wiebenga A, Wösten HAB, Martin F, Coutinho PM, de Vries RP, Martínez AT, Klopp C, Pontarotti P, Henrissat B, Record E. The genome of the white-rot fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinus: a basidiomycete model with a versatile arsenal for lignocellulosic biomass breakdown. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:486. [PMID: 24942338 PMCID: PMC4101180 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saprophytic filamentous fungi are ubiquitous micro-organisms that play an essential role in photosynthetic carbon recycling. The wood-decayer Pycnoporus cinnabarinus is a model fungus for the study of plant cell wall decomposition and is used for a number of applications in green and white biotechnology. RESULTS The 33.6 megabase genome of P. cinnabarinus was sequenced and assembled, and the 10,442 predicted genes were functionally annotated using a phylogenomic procedure. In-depth analyses were carried out for the numerous enzyme families involved in lignocellulosic biomass breakdown, for protein secretion and glycosylation pathways, and for mating type. The P. cinnabarinus genome sequence revealed a consistent repertoire of genes shared with wood-decaying basidiomycetes. P. cinnabarinus is thus fully equipped with the classical families involved in cellulose and hemicellulose degradation, whereas its pectinolytic repertoire appears relatively limited. In addition, P. cinnabarinus possesses a complete versatile enzymatic arsenal for lignin breakdown. We identified several genes encoding members of the three ligninolytic peroxidase types, namely lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and versatile peroxidase. Comparative genome analyses were performed in fungi displaying different nutritional strategies (white-rot and brown-rot modes of decay). P. cinnabarinus presents a typical distribution of all the specific families found in the white-rot life style. Growth profiling of P. cinnabarinus was performed on 35 carbon sources including simple and complex substrates to study substrate utilization and preferences. P. cinnabarinus grew faster on crude plant substrates than on pure, mono- or polysaccharide substrates. Finally, proteomic analyses were conducted from liquid and solid-state fermentation to analyze the composition of the secretomes corresponding to growth on different substrates. The distribution of lignocellulolytic enzymes in the secretomes was strongly dependent on growth conditions, especially for lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases. CONCLUSIONS With its available genome sequence, P. cinnabarinus is now an outstanding model system for the study of the enzyme machinery involved in the degradation or transformation of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Levasseur
- INRA, UMR1163 Biotechnologie des Champignons Filamenteux, Aix-Marseille Université, Polytech Marseille, 163 avenue de Luminy, CP 925, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France.
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49
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Nieter A, Haase-Aschoff P, Linke D, Nimtz M, Berger RG. A halotolerant type A feruloyl esterase from Pleurotus eryngii. Fungal Biol 2014; 118:348-57. [PMID: 24607359 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular feruloyl esterase (PeFaeA) from the culture supernatant of Pleurotus eryngii was purified to homogeneity using cation exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and size exclusion chromatography. The length of the complete coding sequence of PeFaeA was determined to 1668 bp corresponding to a protein of 555 amino acids. The catalytic triad of Ser-Glu-His demonstrated the uniqueness of the enzyme compared to previously published FAEs. The purified PeFaeA was a monomer with an estimated molecular mass of 67 kDa. Maximum feruloyl esterase (FAE) activity was observed at pH 5.0 and 50 °C, respectively. Metal ions (5 mM), except Hg(2+), had no significant influence on the enzyme activity. Substrate specificity profiling characterized the enzyme as a type A FAE preferring bulky natural substrates, such as feruloylated saccharides, rather than small synthetic ones. Km and kcat of the purified enzyme for methyl ferulate were 0.15 mM and 0.85 s(-1). In the presence of 3 M NaCl activity of the enzyme increased by 28 %. PeFaeA alone released only little ferulic acid from destarched wheat bran (DSWB), whereas after addition of Trichoderma viride xylanase the concentration increased more than 20 fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Nieter
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Paul Haase-Aschoff
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Diana Linke
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred Nimtz
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstraße 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ralf G Berger
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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Smirnova AV, Matveyeva NP, Yermakov IP. Reactive oxygen species are involved in regulation of pollen wall cytomechanics. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2014; 16:252-7. [PMID: 23574420 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in somatic plant cells is developmentally regulated and plays an important role in the modification of cell wall mechanical properties. Here we show that H2O2 and the hydroxyl radical ((•)OH) can regulate germination of tobacco pollen by modifying the mechanical properties of the pollen intine (inner layer of the pollen wall). Pollen germination was affected by addition of exogenous H2O2, (•)OH, and by antioxidants scavenging endogenous ROS: superoxide dismutase, superoxide dismutase/catalase mimic Mn-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)21H, 23H-porphin, or a spin-trap α-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone, which eliminates (•)OH. The inhibiting concentrations of exogenous H2O2 and (•)OH did not decrease pollen viability, but influenced the mechanical properties of the wall. The latter were estimated by studying the resistance of pollen to hypo-osmotic shock. (•)OH caused excess loosening of the intine all over the surface of the pollen grain, disrupting polar growth induction. In contrast, H2O2, as well as partial removal of endogenous (•)OH, over-tightened the wall, impeding pollen tube emergence. Feruloyl esterase (FAE) was used as a tool to examine whether H2O2-inducible inter-polymer cross-linking is involved in the intine tightening. FAE treatment caused loosening of the intine and stimulated pollen germination and pollen tube growth, revealing ferulate cross-links in the intine. Taken together, the data suggest that pollen intine properties can be regulated differentially by ROS. (•)OH is involved in local loosening of the intine in the germination pore region, while H2O2 is necessary for intine strengthening in the rest of the wall through oxidative coupling of feruloyl polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Smirnova
- Department of Plant Physiology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N P Matveyeva
- Department of Plant Physiology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - I P Yermakov
- Department of Plant Physiology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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