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Kobus Z, Krzywicka M, Blicharz-Kania A, Bosacka A, Pecyna A, Ivanišová E, Kozłowicz K, Kovačiková E. Impact of Incorporating Dried Chaga Mushroom ( Inonotus obliquus) into Gluten-Free Bread on Its Antioxidant and Sensory Characteristics. Molecules 2024; 29:3801. [PMID: 39202879 PMCID: PMC11357129 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Gluten-free bread is increasingly popular among individuals with celiac disease, and The incorporation of mushroom flour offers a novel method to enhance its nutritional profile, antioxidant content, and sensory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and sensory characteristics of gluten-free bread with varying amounts of chaga mushroom flour (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). The total contents of polyphenols and flavonoids were measured using a spectrophotometric method. Antioxidant activity was assessed through DPPH and FRAP methods, while textural properties were evaluated using the TPA test. Bread colour was analysed using the CIELab system, and sensory evaluation was performed by a panel of trained consumers. The results showed that gluten-free bread enriched with chaga flour had increased polyphenol and flavonoid content and enhanced antioxidant activity. The highest levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, DPPH, and FRAP activity were found in bread with 20% chaga. The addition of chaga mushroom significantly affected the bread's hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness. Specifically, 20% chaga flour had the most pronounced effect on hardness and elasticity, while 15% chaga flour had the greatest impact on chewiness and cohesiveness. The bread's colour darkened with higher chaga concentrations. The results of sensory evaluation showed a negative correlation between consumer preferences and bread fortified with chaga mushroom flour. The overall consumer acceptability score indicates that only a small addition of mushroom flour (up to 10%) can be used to bake gluten-free bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Kobus
- Department of Technology Fundamentals, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (Z.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Monika Krzywicka
- Department of Technology Fundamentals, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (Z.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Agata Blicharz-Kania
- Department of Biological Bases of Food and Feed Technologies, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (K.K.)
| | - Alicja Bosacka
- Department of Technology Fundamentals, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (Z.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Pecyna
- Department of Technology Fundamentals, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (Z.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Eva Ivanišová
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Food Incubator, AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Katarzyna Kozłowicz
- Department of Biological Bases of Food and Feed Technologies, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (K.K.)
| | - Eva Kovačiková
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
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Majeed A, Afzal H, Maqsood K, Noureen A, Gul Z, Imran M, Afzal A, Khawar MB. Using carbohydrate-based polymers to facilitate testicular regeneration. Biol Cell 2024; 116:e2400013. [PMID: 38881160 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Male infertility is a significant global issue affecting 60-80 million people, with 40%-50% of cases linked to male issues. Exposure to radiation, drugs, sickness, the environment, and oxidative stress may result in testicular degeneration. Carbohydrate-based polymers (CBPs) restore testis differentiation and downregulate apoptosis genes. CBP has biodegradability, low cost, and wide availability, but is at risk of contamination and variations. CBP shows promise in wound healing, but more research is required before implementation in healthcare. Herein, we discuss the recent advances in engineering applications of CBP employed as scaffolds, drug delivery systems, immunomodulation, and stem cell therapy for testicular regeneration. Moreover, we emphasize the promising challenges warranted for future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneeqa Majeed
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Hanan Afzal
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences & Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kaleem Maqsood
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amara Noureen
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Zaman Gul
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Center of Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Afzal
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences & Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Chen HJ, Chen YS, Lin KM, Tsai SW, Liao MJ, Yeh CS, Liu SL. Comparison of the Controlled Atmosphere Treatment for Submerged and Solid-State Fermentation of Inonotus obliquus. Foods 2024; 13:2275. [PMID: 39063359 PMCID: PMC11275954 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a controlled atmosphere (CA) treatment was used in the submerged (SM) and solid-state (SS) fermentation of Inonotus obliquus to determine the optimal conditions. The goal was to accelerate the artificial fermentation to obtain I. obliquus as an ingredient for dietary supplements. The results indicated that when CA treatment was used, the SM and SS fermentation of I. obliquus yielded polysaccharide and betulinic acid contents 2-2.5 times higher than those obtained when such treatment was not used. The two fermentation methods yielded similar outcomes in terms of DPPH scavenging ability, bioactivity, and antioxidant activity. Although SS fermentation yielded highly bioactive fruiting bodies when the period of fermentation was extended to 60 days, the mycelia produced by SM reached a similar bioactivity quality with only 30 days of fermentation. It was indicated that SM fermentation is more economically feasible than SS fermentation in the production of I. obliquus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Jung Chen
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Beitun District, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shuen Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University, Shalu District, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Min Lin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Rende District, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Wen Tsai
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, South District, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jine Liao
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, South District, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Sheng Yeh
- Department of Hospitality Management, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Yungkang District, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lun Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University, Shalu District, Taichung 433, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, South District, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Beitun District, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng District, Taichung 413, Taiwan
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Vatankhah M, Panahizadeh R, Safari A, Ziyabakhsh A, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Soozangar N, Jeddi F. The role of Nrf2 signaling in parasitic diseases and its therapeutic potential. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32459. [PMID: 38988513 PMCID: PMC11233909 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to invading parasites, one of the principal arms of innate immunity is oxidative stress, caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, oxidative stresses play dual functions in the disease, whereby free radicals promote pathogen removal, but they can also trigger inflammation, resulting in tissue injuries. A growing body of evidence has strongly supported the notion that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF) signaling is one of the main antioxidant pathways to combat this oxidative burst against parasites. Given the important role of NRF2 in oxidative stress, in this review, we investigate the activation mechanism of the NRF2 antioxidant pathway in different parasitic diseases, such as malaria, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, toxoplasmosis, schistosomiasis, entamoebiasis, and trichinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadamin Vatankhah
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Reza Panahizadeh
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ali Safari
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alireza Ziyabakhsh
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Narges Soozangar
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farhad Jeddi
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Yu S, Lai Z, Xue H, Zhu J, Yue G, Wang J, Jin LH. Inonotus obliquus aqueous extract inhibits intestinal inflammation and insulin metabolism defects in Drosophila. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38872277 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2368795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In biomedical research, the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) is among the most effective and flexible model organisms. Through the use of the Drosophila model, molecular mechanisms of human diseases can be investigated and candidate pharmaceuticals can be screened. White rot fungus Inonotus obliquus is a member of the family Hymenochaetaceae. Due to its multifaceted pharmacological effects, this fungus has been the subject of scientific investigation. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms by which Inonotus obliquus treats diseases remain unclear. In this study, we prepared an aqueous extract derived from Inonotus obliquus and demonstrated that it effectively prevented the negative impacts of inflammatory agents on flies, including overproliferation and overdifferentiation of intestinal progenitor cells and decreased survival rate. Furthermore, elevated reactive oxygen species levels and cell death were alleviated by Inonotus obliquus aqueous extract, suggesting that this extract inhibited intestinal inflammation. Additionally, Inonotus obliquus aqueous extract had an impact on the insulin pathway, as it alleviated growth defects in flies that were fed a high-sugar diet and in chico mutants. In addition, we determined the composition of Inonotus obliquus aqueous extract and conducted a network pharmacology analysis in order to identify prospective key compounds and targets. In brief, Inonotus obliquus aqueous extract exhibited considerable potential as a therapeutic intervention for human diseases. Our research has established a foundational framework that supports the potential clinical implementation of Inonotus obliquus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Yu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhixian Lai
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongmei Xue
- Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiahua Zhu
- Department of Basic Medical, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Guanhua Yue
- Department of Basic Medical, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiewei Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Hua Jin
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Fordjour E, Manful CF, Javed R, Galagedara LW, Cuss CW, Cheema M, Thomas R. Chaga mushroom: a super-fungus with countless facets and untapped potential. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1273786. [PMID: 38116085 PMCID: PMC10728660 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1273786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Inonotus obliquus (Chaga mushroom) is an inexpensive fungus with a broad range of traditional and medicinal applications. These applications include therapy for breast, cervix, and skin cancers, as well as treating diabetes. However, its benefits are virtually untapped due to a limited understanding of its mycochemical composition and bioactivities. In this article, we explore the ethnobotany, mycochemistry, pharmacology, traditional therapeutic, cosmetic, and prospective agricultural uses. The review establishes that several secondary metabolites, such as steroids, terpenoids, and other compounds exist in chaga. Findings on its bioactivity have demonstrated its ability as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumor agent. The study also demonstrates that Chaga powder has a long history of traditional use for medicinal purposes, pipe smoking rituals, and mystical future forecasts. The study further reveals that the applications of Chaga powder can be extended to industries such as pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and agriculture. However numerous publications focused on the pharmaceutical benefits of Chaga with few publications on other applications. Overall, chaga is a promising natural resource with a wide range of potential applications and therefore the diverse array of therapeutic compounds makes it an attractive candidate for various applications such as plant biofertilizers and active ingredients in cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. Thus, further exploration of Chaga's potential benefits in agriculture and other industries could lead to exciting new developments and innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Fordjour
- Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Charles F. Manful
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | - Rabia Javed
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | - Lakshman W. Galagedara
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | - Chad W. Cuss
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | - Mumtaz Cheema
- Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Raymond Thomas
- Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Ern PTY, Quan TY, Yee FS, Yin ACY. Therapeutic properties of Inonotus obliquus (Chaga mushroom): A review. Mycology 2023; 15:144-161. [PMID: 38813471 PMCID: PMC11132974 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2260408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Inonotus obliquus, also known as Chaga, is a medicinal mushroom that has been used for therapeutic purposes since the sixteenth century. Collections of folk medicine record the application of Chaga for the treatment of diseases such as gastrointestinal cancer, diabetes, bacterial infection, and liver diseases. Modern research provides scientific evidence of the therapeutic properties of I. obliquus extracts, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, renoprotective, anti-fatigue, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. Various bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, triterpenoids, polyphenols, and lignin metabolites have been found to be responsible for the health-benefiting properties of I. obliquus. Furthermore, some studies have elucidated the underlying mechanisms of the mushroom's medicinal effects, revealing the compounds' interactions with enzymes or proteins of important pathways. Thus, this review aims to explore available information on the therapeutic potentials of Inonotus obliquus for the development of an effective naturally sourced treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Tee Yon Ern
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tang Yin Quan
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fung Shin Yee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adeline Chia Yoke Yin
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hao J, Wang X, Shi Y, Li L, Chu J, Li J, Lin W, Yu T, Hou D. Integrated omic profiling of the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus under submerged conditions. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:554. [PMID: 37726686 PMCID: PMC10507853 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Inonotus obliquus mushroom, a wondrous fungus boasting edible and medicinal qualities, has been widely used as a folk medicine and shown to have many potential pharmacological secondary metabolites. The purpose of this study was to supply a global landscape of genome-based integrated omic analysis of the fungus under lab-growth conditions. RESULTS This study presented a genome with high accuracy and completeness using the Pacbio Sequel II third-generation sequencing method. The de novo assembled fungal genome was 36.13 Mb, and contained 8352 predicted protein-coding genes, of which 365 carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme)-coding genes and 19 biosynthetic gene clusters (BCGs) for secondary metabolites were identified. Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed a global view of differential metabolic change between seed and fermentation culture, and demonstrated positive correlations between transcription and expression levels of 157 differentially expressed genes involved in the metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, secondary metabolites, antioxidant and immune responses. Facilitated by the widely targeted metabolomic approach, a total of 307 secondary substances were identified and quantified, with a significant increase in the production of antioxidant polyphenols. CONCLUSION This study provided the comprehensive analysis of the fungus Inonotus obliquus, and supplied fundamental information for further screening of promising target metabolites and exploring the link between the genome and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Hao
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yanhua Shi
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Modern Agriculture and Environment, Weifang Institute of Technology, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jinxin Chu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Junjie Li
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Weiping Lin
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Tao Yu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Dianhai Hou
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
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Sułkowska-Ziaja K, Robak J, Szczepkowski A, Gunia-Krzyżak A, Popiół J, Piotrowska J, Rospond B, Szewczyk A, Kała K, Muszyńska B. Comparison of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites and Cytotoxicity of Extracts from Inonotus obliquus Isolates from Different Host Species. Molecules 2023; 28:4907. [PMID: 37446570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inonotus obliquus, a wood-decaying mushroom, has been used as a health-promoting supplement and nutraceutical for centuries. It is a source of bioactive compounds accumulated in both the conks (pseudosclerotia/sclerotia) and the biomass obtained in vitro. This study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the bioelements and selected metabolites produced in mycelial cultures obtained from different host species. The mycochemical potential of mycelial cultures isolated from pseudosclerotia grown in Betula pendula, Alnus glutinosa, and Carpinus betulus was compared. Parent cultures were obtained in two types of medium (malt extract agar substrates without and with birch wood). Experimental cultures were developed in 2 L bioreactors for 10 days. The content of bioelements was determined using FAAS and FAES methods. Organic compounds were estimated using the RP-HPLC-DAD method. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated in human keratinocytes HaCaT, human skin fibroblasts BJ, human liver cancer HepG2, human melanoma A375, and mouse melanoma B16-F10. The extracts showed the presence of bioelements: sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, manganese, iron, and copper; phenolic acids: p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, p-coumaric, and protocatechuic; sterols: lanosterol, ergosterol, ergosterol peroxide; triterpene compounds: betulin, betulinic acid, inotodiol; indole compounds: L-tryptophan, tryptamine, 5-methyltryptamine, melatonin. The content of bioactive substances in the biomass was dependent on both the origin of the host species of the fungus isolate and the type of culture medium. Based on the results of this study, mycelial cultures can be proposed as a potential source of bioactive compounds and are promising naturally derived cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Robak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Szczepkowski
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Department of Forest Protection, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gunia-Krzyżak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Popiół
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Piotrowska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Rospond
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kała
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bożena Muszyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Sepehri N, Valipour M, Parchizadeh E, Maghami P. Investigating the Protective Role of Biochaga Drug on Structural Changes of Bovine Serum Albumin in the Presence of Methyl tert-butyl Ether. Protein J 2023; 42:112-124. [PMID: 36905495 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health benefits of natural products have a long history. Chaga (Inonotus obliques) is used in traditional medicine and is an essential antioxidant for protecting the body from oxidants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced routinely due to metabolic processes. However, environmental pollution factors such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) can increase oxidative stress in the human body. MTBE is widely used as a fuel oxygenator that can harm health. The widespread use of MTBE has posed significant threats to the environment by polluting environmental resources, including groundwater. This compound can accumulate in the bloodstream by inhaling polluted air, with a strong affinity for blood proteins. The primary mechanism of MTBE's harmful effects is ROS production. The use of antioxidants may help reduce MTBE oxidation conditions. The present study proposes that biochaga, as an antioxidant, can reduce MTBE damage in the bovine serum albumin (BSA) structure. METHODS AND RESULTS This study investigated the role of different concentrations of biochaga in the structural change of BSA in the presence of MTBE by biophysical methods such as UV-Vis, fluorescence, FTIR spectroscopy, DPPH radical inhibition method, aggregation test, and molecular docking. Research at the molecular level is critical to investigate the structural change of proteins by MTBE and the protective effect of the ideal dose (2.5 µg/ml) of biochaga. CONCLUSION the results of spectroscopic examinations showed that the concentration of 2.5 µg/ml of biochaga has the least destructive effect on the structure of BSA in the presence and absence of MTBE, and it can play as an antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Sepehri
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Valipour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elmira Parchizadeh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Maghami
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang Y, Liu Q, Sun Y, Jiang J. Inonotus obliquus sclerotia epidermis were different from internal tissues in compound composition, antioxidant activity, and associated fungi. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad126. [PMID: 38017614 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inonotus obliquus is a medicinal fungus with potential for use in various health applications. To better utilize this fungus, this study focused on epidermis and internal tissues of five sclerotia from different regions in Jilin, Inner Mongolia, and Heilongjiang, examining their polyphenols, polysaccharides, flavonoids, and total triterpenes contents. And evaluated the extracts from sclerotia for their total antioxidant capacity and scavenging ability of DPPH free radicals. The study also isolated the associated fungi from the epidermis and internal tissues of three sclerotia. Results revealed that the polyphenol content was higher in the epidermis than in internal tissue of every sclerotium. However, flavonoid and total triterpenoid content was lower in the epidermis of every sclerotium. The polysaccharide content was no significant in different parts of three sclerotia, but the epidermal polysaccharide content in two sclerotia was significantly higher than in internal tissues. The internal tissue extracts from tested sclerotia exhibited better scavenging ability of DPPH free radicals than those from the epidermis. There was no significant difference in total antioxidant capacity among different parts of three sclerotia, and the internal tissues' total antioxidant capacity in two sclerotia was higher than the epidermis. The number and species of associated fungi in the internal tissues were far less than that in the epidermis. The study suggests separating the epidermis and internal tissue for medicinal use. The research provides insights into the bioactive components and associated fungi of I. obliquus to inform its practical application in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jihong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
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12
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Bioactive compounds from mushrooms: Emerging bioresources of food and nutraceuticals. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Zhou R, Yang H, Lu T, Zhao Y, Zheng W. Ultraviolet radiation promotes the production of hispidin polyphenols by medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus. Fungal Biol 2022; 126:775-785. [PMID: 36517145 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Production of hispidin polyphenols in Inonotus obliquus is a stress-induced response triggered by environmental factors. As one of the important environmental factors, ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays regulatory roles in fungal growth and development. However, whether UV radiation regulates the formation of hispidin polyphenols remains to be established. In this study, we cultivated I. obliquus on solid medium and imposed intermittent UV radiation. We showed that UV exposure inhibited the growth of mycelia but increased the production of polyphenols. Further bioassays revealed that UV radiation also increased the catalytic activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chalcone isomerase (CHI), up-regulated expression of genes related to redox, transcriptional regulation, and metabolism. In addition, the total extracts from the UV-irradiated group were more capable of scavenging DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals, especially at the later stage of culture. Thus, UV radiation, acting as one of the environmental factors, stimulated the accumulation of polyphenols in I. obliquus by regulating the activities of enzymes and the expression of genes related to growth and metabolism, and can be tentatively used as a feasible strategy to enhance the production of polyphenols in I. obliquus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 221116, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hanbing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 221116, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ting Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 221116, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 221116, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Weifa Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 221116, Xuzhou, China.
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14
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Beltrame G, Mattsson I, Damlin P, Han Z, Kvarnström C, Leino R, Yang B. Study of the sterile conk of Inonotus obliquus using 13C CPMAS NMR and FTIR spectroscopies coupled with multivariate analysis. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Drenkhan R, Kaldmäe H, Silm M, Adamson K, Bleive U, Aluvee A, Erik M, Raal A. Comparative Analyses of Bioactive Compounds in Inonotus obliquus Conks Growing on Alnus and Betula. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091178. [PMID: 36139017 PMCID: PMC9496626 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inonotus obliquus grows in the Northern Hemisphere on some living broadleaved tree species as a pathogen, causing stem rot. In Estonia, the fungus is well known in the Betula species but can also be found on Alnus. Sterile conks of I. obliquus contain different bioactive compounds, but the quantitative and comparative research of these compounds in conks on different host species is limited. In the current work, I. obliquus was isolated and, evidently, determined from Alnus incana (L.) Moench., Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., and Betula pendula Roth, and the content of bioactive compounds in conks on these hosts were analysed. All the analysed conks sampled from A. incana and B. pendula contained betulin that varied from 111 to 159 µg/g. A significantly (p < 0.05) higher betulinic acid content was found in conks sampled from A. incana when compared with B. pendula: 474−635 and 20−132 µg/g, respectively. However, the conks from Betula were richer in total polyphenols, flavonols, and glucans. The content of inotodiol was quite similar in the conks from A. incana (7455−8961 µg/g) and B. pendula (7881−9057 µg/g). Also, no significant differences in the lanosterol content were found between the samples from these two tree species. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first investigation of the chemical composition of I. obliquus parasitizing on Alnus. The results demonstrate that the bioactive compounds are promising in conks of I. obliquus growing not only on Betula but also on the Alnus species. It supports the opportunity to cultivate I. obliquus, also on the Alnus species, thus increasing the economic value of growing this tree species in forestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rein Drenkhan
- Chair of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
- Correspondence:
| | - Hedi Kaldmäe
- Polli Horticultural Research Centre, Chair of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 69108 Polli, Estonia
| | - Maidu Silm
- Chair of Hydrobiology and Fisheries, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kalev Adamson
- Chair of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Uko Bleive
- Polli Horticultural Research Centre, Chair of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 69108 Polli, Estonia
| | - Alar Aluvee
- Polli Horticultural Research Centre, Chair of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 69108 Polli, Estonia
| | | | - Ain Raal
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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Borovskii GB, Gornostai TG, Polyakova MS, Lozovskaya EA, Nikiforov SB. Antitumor Properties of Aqueous Extracts from Inonotus rheades Mycelium and Their Evaluation under Various Cultivation Conditions. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2022; 505:151-155. [DOI: 10.1134/s1607672922040019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Duan Y, Han H, Qi J, Gao JM, Xu Z, Wang P, Zhang J, Liu C. Genome sequencing of Inonotus obliquus reveals insights into candidate genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:314. [PMID: 35443619 PMCID: PMC9020118 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inonotus obliquus is an important edible and medicinal mushroom that was shown to have many pharmacological activities in preclinical trials, including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects. However, the biosynthesis of these pharmacological components has rarely been reported. The lack of genomic information has hindered further molecular characterization of this mushroom. Results In this study, we report the genome of I. obliquus using a combined high-throughput Illumina NovaSeq with Oxford Nanopore PromethION sequencing platform. The de novo assembled 38.18 Mb I. obliquus genome was determined to harbor 12,525 predicted protein-coding genes, with 81.83% of them having detectable sequence similarities to others available in public databases. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the close evolutionary relationship of I. obliquus with Fomitiporia mediterranea and Sanghuangporus baumii in the Hymenochaetales clade. According to the distribution of reproduction-related genes, we predict that this mushroom possesses a tetrapolar heterothallic reproductive system. The I. obliquus genome was found to encode a repertoire of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, along with 135 cytochrome P450 proteins. The genome annotation revealed genes encoding key enzymes responsible for secondary metabolite biosynthesis, such as polysaccharides, polyketides, and terpenoids. Among them, we found four polyketide synthases and 20 sesquiterpenoid synthases belonging to four more types of cyclization mechanism, as well as 13 putative biosynthesis gene clusters involved in terpenoid synthesis in I. obliquus. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported genome of I. obliquus; we discussed its genome characteristics and functional annotations in detail and predicted secondary metabolic biosynthesis-related genes, which provides genomic information for future studies on its associated molecular mechanism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08511-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingce Duan
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haiyan Han
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianzhao Qi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pengchao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
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Supercritical CO 2 Extraction of Triterpenoids from Chaga Sterile Conk of Inonotus obliquus. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061880. [PMID: 35335249 PMCID: PMC8955864 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpenoids are among the bioactive components of Chaga, the sterile conk of the medicinal fungus Inonotus obliquus. Supercritical fluid extraction of Chaga triterpenoids was carried out with supercritical CO2, while a modified Folch method was used as a comparison. Three temperature-pressure combinations were tested varying between 314–324 K (40–50 °C) and 281–350 bars, using time- and volume-limited extractions. Six triterpenoids were identified with GC-MS and quantified with GC-FID: ergosterol, lanosterol, β-sitosterol, stigmastanol, betulin, and inotodiol. The Folch extraction resulted in recovery of trametenolic acid, which was not extracted by supercritical CO2. Inotodiol was the major triterpenoid of all the extracts, with a yield of 87–101 mg/100 g and 139 mg/100 g, for SFEs and the Folch method, respectively. The contents of other major triterpenoids, lanosterol and ergosterol, varied in the ranges 59–63 mg/100 g and 17–18 mg/100 g by SFE, respectively. With the Folch method, the yields were 81 mg/100 g and 40 mg/100 g, respectively. The highest recovery of triterpenoids with SFE in relation to Folch was 56% and it was obtained at 324 K (50 °C) and 350 bar, regardless of extraction time or volume of CO2. The recoveries of lanosterol and stigmastanol were unaffected by SFE conditions. Despite the lower yield, SFE showed several advantages including shorter extraction time and less impact on the environment. This work could be a starting point for further studies on green extraction methods of bioactive triterpenoids from Chaga.
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19
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Shukurov I, Mohamed MS, Mizuki T, Palaninathan V, Ukai T, Hanajiri T, Maekawa T. Biological Synthesis of Bioactive Gold Nanoparticles from Inonotus obliquus for Dual Chemo-Photothermal Effects against Human Brain Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2292. [PMID: 35216406 PMCID: PMC8880898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility for an ecologically friendly and simple production of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) (Ch-AuNPs) is presented in this study. Chaga extract's reducing potential was evaluated at varied concentrations and temperatures. The nanoparticles synthesized were all under 20 nm in size, as measured by TEM, which is a commendable result for a spontaneous synthesis method utilizing a biological source. The Ch-AuNPs showed anti-cancer chemotherapeutic effects on human brain cancer cells which is attributed to the biofunctionalization of the AuNPs with Chaga bioactive components during the synthesis process. Further, the photothermal ablation capability of the as-prepared gold nanoparticles on human brain cancer cells was investigated. It was found that the NIR-laser induced thermal ablation of cancer cells was effective in eliminating over 80% of the cells. This research projects the Ch-AuNPs as promising, dual modal (chemo-photothermal) therapeutic candidates for anti-cancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrohimjon Shukurov
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe 350-8585, Japan; (I.S.); (T.M.); (V.P.); (T.U.); (T.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Mohamed Sheikh Mohamed
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe 350-8585, Japan; (I.S.); (T.M.); (V.P.); (T.U.); (T.H.); (T.M.)
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe 350-8585, Japan
| | - Toru Mizuki
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe 350-8585, Japan; (I.S.); (T.M.); (V.P.); (T.U.); (T.H.); (T.M.)
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe 350-8585, Japan
| | - Vivekanandan Palaninathan
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe 350-8585, Japan; (I.S.); (T.M.); (V.P.); (T.U.); (T.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Tomofumi Ukai
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe 350-8585, Japan; (I.S.); (T.M.); (V.P.); (T.U.); (T.H.); (T.M.)
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe 350-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Hanajiri
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe 350-8585, Japan; (I.S.); (T.M.); (V.P.); (T.U.); (T.H.); (T.M.)
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe 350-8585, Japan
| | - Toru Maekawa
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe 350-8585, Japan; (I.S.); (T.M.); (V.P.); (T.U.); (T.H.); (T.M.)
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe 350-8585, Japan
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20
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Isolation of chemical compositions as dietary antioxidant supplements and neuroprotectants from Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus). FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Sang R, Sun F, Zhou H, Wang M, Li H, Li C, Sun X, Zhao X, Zhang X. Immunomodulatory effects of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide on splenic lymphocytes infected with Toxoplasma gondii via NF-κB and MAPKs pathways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 44:129-138. [PMID: 34918603 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.2017453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT As a medicinal and edible fungus, Inonotus obliquus has been traditionally used to prevent and treat various ailments. Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide (IOP) isolated from I. obliquus processes many biological activities, our series of in vivo studies have shown that IOP protects against Toxoplasma gondii infection. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the in vitro immunomodulatory effects and its mechanisms of IOP on mouse splenic lymphocytes infected with T. gondii. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse splenic lymphocytes were infected with T. gondii tachyzoites, and treated with different concentrations of IOP. The levels of cytokines and chemokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4, and the modulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways were determined by Western blot. RESULTS IOP significantly decreased the over-release of cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in supernatant from T. gondii-infected splenic lymphocytes. IOP also effectively inhibited the overexpression of cytokines and chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA. Furthermore, IOP down-regulated TLR2 and TLR4 expressions and inhibited the over-phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and inhibitor κBα (IκBα) in NF-κB signaling pathway and p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in MAPKs signaling pathway. By observing the effect of IOP on TNF-α secretion after pretreatment with specific inhibitors, it was further confirmed that IOP was involved in the regulation of NF-κB, p38, and JNK signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that IOP can inhibit the excessive inflammatory response caused by T. gondii infection through modulating NF-κB, p38, and JNK signaling pathways, and thus plays the in vitro anti-T. gondii role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Fuliang Sun
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhou
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Chunting Li
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xinhui Sun
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
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22
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Garádi Z, Dékány M, Móricz ÁM, Gaál A, Papp V, Béni S, Ványolós A. Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Secondary Metabolites from Inonotus nidus-pici. Molecules 2021; 26:5453. [PMID: 34576923 PMCID: PMC8468361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inonotus nidus-pici is a sterile conk which produces macrofungus, a neglected Central-Eastern European relative of the prized Inonotus obliquus, also known as chaga. Investigation of the methanol extract of the poroid fungus I. nidus-pici resulted in the isolation of citropremide (1), 3,4-dihydroxybenzalacetone (2) , lanosterol (3), ergost-6,8,22-trien-3β-ol (4), and ergosterol peroxide (5). The structures of fungal compounds were determined on the basis of one- and two-dimensional NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1-2 and 4-5 were evaluated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties against several bacterial and fungal strains. 3,4-dihydroxybenzalacetone (2) and ergost-6,8,22-trien-3β-ol (4) demonstrated moderate antimicrobial activity, while the former possessed notable antioxidant activity in DPPH assay. The antiproliferative examinations performed on three human cancer (MES-SA, MES-SA/Dx5, A431) cell lines demonstrated that compounds 4 and 5 have notable cytotoxic activity with IC values in micromolar range. The current study represents the first report on the chemical profile of I. nidus-pici, providing a comprehensive study on the isolation and structure determination of bioactive secondary metabolites of this macrofungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Garádi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út. 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.G.); (S.B.)
- Directorate of Drug Substance Development, Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc, P.O. Box 100, H-1475 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Dékány
- Spectroscopic Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Gyömrői út 19-21, H-1103 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ágnes M. Móricz
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Herman Ottó út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Anikó Gaál
- Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Viktor Papp
- Department of Botany, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Szabolcs Béni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út. 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Attila Ványolós
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út. 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.G.); (S.B.)
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Kim JH, Gao D, Cho CW, Hwang I, Kim HM, Kang JS. A Novel Bioanalytical Method for Determination of Inotodiol Isolated from Inonotus Obliquus and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081631. [PMID: 34451676 PMCID: PMC8401913 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a bioanalytical method using liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to apply to a pharmacokinetic study of inotodiol, which is known for its anti-cancer activity. Plasma samples were prepared with alkaline hydrolysis, liquid-liquid extraction, and solid-phase extraction. Inotodiol was detected in positive mode with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization by multiple-reaction monitoring mode using LC-MS/MS. The developed method was validated with linearity, accuracy, and precision. Accuracy ranged from 97.8% to 111.9%, and the coefficient of variation for precision was 1.8% to 4.4%. The developed method was applied for pharmacokinetic study, and the mean pharmacokinetic parameters administration were calculated as follows: λz 0.016 min-1; T1/2 49.35 min; Cmax 2582 ng/mL; Cl 0.004 ng/min; AUC0-t 109,500 ng×min/mL; MRT0-t 32.30 min; Vd 0.281 mL after intravenous administration at dose of 2 mg/kg and λz 0.005 min-1; T1/2 138.6 min; Tmax 40 min; Cmax 49.56 ng/mL; AUC0-t 6176 ng×in/mL; MRT0-t 103.7 min after oral administration. The absolute oral bioavailability of inotodiol was 0.45%, similar to nonpolar phytosterols. Collectively, this is the first bioanalytical method and pharmacokinetic study for inotodiol.
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Fungal Melanins and Applications in Healthcare, Bioremediation and Industry. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7060488. [PMID: 34207260 PMCID: PMC8235761 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanin is a complex multifunctional pigment found in all kingdoms of life, including fungi. The complex chemical structure of fungal melanins, yet to be fully elucidated, lends them multiple unique functions ranging from radioprotection and antioxidant activity to heavy metal chelation and organic compound absorption. Given their many biological functions, fungal melanins present many possibilities as natural compounds that could be exploited for human use. This review summarizes the current discourse and attempts to apply fungal melanin to enhance human health, remove pollutants from ecosystems, and streamline industrial processes. While the potential applications of fungal melanins are often discussed in the scientific community, they are successfully executed less often. Some of the challenges in the applications of fungal melanin to technology include the knowledge gap about their detailed structure, difficulties in isolating melanotic fungi, challenges in extracting melanin from isolated species, and the pathogenicity concerns that accompany working with live melanotic fungi. With proper acknowledgment of these challenges, fungal melanin holds great potential for societal benefit in the coming years.
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Lu Y, Jia Y, Xue Z, Li N, Liu J, Chen H. Recent Developments in Inonotus obliquus (Chaga mushroom) Polysaccharides: Isolation, Structural Characteristics, Biological Activities and Application. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1441. [PMID: 33947037 PMCID: PMC8124789 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inonotus obliquus (Chaga mushroom) is a kind of medicine and health food widely used by folk in China, Russia, Korea, and some occidental countries. Among the extracts from Inonotus obliquus, Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide (IOPS) is supposed to be one of the major bioactive components in Inonotus obliquus, which possesses antitumor, antioxidant, anti-virus, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities. In this review, the current advancements on extraction, purification, structural characteristics, and biological activities of IOPS were summarized. This review can provide significant insight into the IOPS bioactivities as their in vitro and in vivo data were summarized, and some possible mechanisms were listed. Furthermore, applications of IOPS were reviewed and discussed; IOPS might be a potential candidate for the treatment of cancers and type 2 diabetes. Besides, new perspectives for the future work of IOPS were also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.X.); (N.L.); (J.L.)
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Kou RW, Han R, Gao YQ, Li D, Yin X, Gao JM. Anti-neuroinflammatory polyoxygenated lanostanoids from Chaga mushroom Inonotus obliquus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 184:112647. [PMID: 33434790 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chaga mushroom, Inonotus obliquus, was used as food and nutrient food and traditional herbs in Russia, China and Japan, with anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Chemical investigations of the fruiting bodies of Chaga were carried to uncover the bioactive metabolites. As a result, seven undescribed lanostane-type triterpenoids, namely inonotusols H-N, were isolated, and all lanostanoids remarkably inhibited NO production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. Of these, inonotusols I and L presented the most potent inhibitory effects on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NO production without any significant cytotoxicity. Molecular docking studies confirmed the capacity of inonotusols I and L to interact with iNOS protein. Structure-activity relationships were also discussed. These results indicated that the potential anti-inflammatory effects of inonotusols I and L in microglial BV-2 cells may be imparted through suppression of iNOS. These results may support the use of I. obliquus for food and medicinal application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Wei Kou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Qi Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ding Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xia Yin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Lou H, Li H, Wei T, Chen Q. Stimulatory Effects of Oleci Acid and Fungal Elicitor on Betulinic Acid Production by Submerged Cultivation of Medicinal Mushroom Inonotus obliquus. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7040266. [PMID: 33807450 PMCID: PMC8066064 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the novel strategy of oleic acid and fungal elicitor (made from Aspergillus niger) to elicit betulinic acid biosynthesis in medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus, we conduct the stimulatory effects investigation for synthesizing betulinic acid from betulin. HPLC results indicated oleic acid and fungal elicitor were effective stimulators. The supplementation of 1.0 g/L oleic acid led to the highest increase of betulinic acid either in dry mycelia or fermentation broth by 2-fold of the control. Fungal elicitor at 45 mg/L markedly increases mycelia growth by 146.0% and enhance intracellular betulinic acid accumulation by 429.5% as compared to the controls. Quantification of transcription levels determined that oleic acid, fungal elicitor and their combinations could induce the expressions of key genes involved in betulinic acid biosynthesis, such as HMG-CoA reductase and squalene synthase. These findings indicated that oleic acid and fungal elicitor could enhance betulinic acid metabolism by up-regulating key genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qihe Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-86984316
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Beltrame G, Hemming J, Yang H, Han Z, Yang B. Effects of supplementation of sea buckthorn press cake on mycelium growth and polysaccharides of Inonotus obliquus in submerged cultivation. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1318-1330. [PMID: 33556214 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Investigation of the influence of cultivation time and sea buckthorn press cake (Hippophaë rhamnoides) dosage on mycelium yield of Inonotus obliquus in submerged cultivation and on the yield, monomer composition, and macromolecular properties of the exopolysaccharides (EPS) from culture media and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) extracted from mycelia. METHODS AND RESULTS Supplementation at 5 g l-1 combined with cultivation time of 250 h granted highest yield increase in mycelia (by 122%). The supplementation reduced extraction yield and decreased the molecular weight of the main IPS population. The supplementation increased production and molecular weight of EPS. The relative content of arabinose and rhamnose in EPS positively correlated with dosage of the press cake. The press cake supplementation increased the content of galacturonic acid in IPS, but not in EPS. CONCLUSION Sea buckthorn press cake is a food industry fibrous side stream with high oil content. It increases the cultivation yield of Inonotus obliquus mycelium and influences the produced polysaccharides. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Mycelium is a resource of bioactive polysaccharides, attracting the interest of nutraceutical companies. Sea buckthorn press cake is a promising supplement for increasing mycelium production. The utilization of this agricultural side stream would therefore favour circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Beltrame
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - J Hemming
- Wood and Paper Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - H Yang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Z Han
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - B Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Zhao Y, Zheng W. Deciphering the antitumoral potential of the bioactive metabolites from medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113321. [PMID: 32877719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The crude extracts of the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus have been used as an effective traditional medicine to treat malicious tumors, gastritis, gastric ulcers, and other inflammatory conditions in Russia and most Baltic countries. AIM OF THIS REVIEW Deciphering the antitumoral potential of the bioactive metabolites from I. obliquus and addressing its possibility to be used as effective agents for tumor treatment, restoration of compromised immunity and protection of gastrointestinal damage caused by chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed the current achievements and dilemma in tumor chemo- or immunotherapy. In this context, we searched the published literatures on I. obliquus covering from 1990 to 2020, and summarized the activities of antitumor, antioxidation, and immunomodulation by the polysaccharides, triterpenoids, small phenolic compounds, and hispidin polyphenols. By comparing the merits and shortcomings of current and traditional methodology for tumor treatment, we further addressed feasibility for the use of I. obliquus as an effective natural drug for tumor treatment and prevention. RESULTS The diverse bioactive metabolites confer I. obliquus great potential to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. Its antitumor activities are achieved either through suppressing multiple oncogenic signals including but not limited to the activation of NF-κB and FAK, and the expression of RhoA/MMP-9 via ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The antitumor activities can also be achieved by inhibiting tyrosinase activity via PAK1-dependent signaling pathway or altering lysosomal membrane permeabilization through blocking tubulin polymerization and/or disturbing energy metabolism through LKB1/AMPK pathway. In addition, the metabolites from I. obliquus also harbour the potentials to reverse MDR either through selective inhibition on P-gp/ABCB1 or MRP1/ABCC1 proteins or the induction of G2/M checkpoint arrest in tumor cells of chemoresistant phenotypes mediated by Nox/ROS/NF-kB/STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition to the eminent effects in tumor inhibition, the metabolites in I. obliquus also exhibit immunomodulatory potential to restore the compromised immunity and protect against ulcerative damage of GI tract caused by chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS I. obliquus possesses the potential to reduce incidence of tumorigenesis in healthy people. For those whose complete remission has been achieved by chemotherapy, administration of the fungus will inhibit the activation of upstream oncogenic signals and thereby prevent metastasis; for those who are in the process of chemotherapy administration of the fungus will not only chemosensitize the tumor cells and thereby increasing the chemotherapeutic effects, but also help to restore the compromised immunity and protect against ulcerative GI tract damage and other side-effects induced by chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
| | - Weifa Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
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Zeb M, Lee CH. Medicinal Properties and Bioactive Compounds from Wild Mushrooms Native to North America. Molecules 2021; 26:E251. [PMID: 33419035 PMCID: PMC7825331 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms, the fruiting bodies of fungi, are known for a long time in different cultures around the world to possess medicinal properties and are used to treat various human diseases. Mushrooms that are parts of traditional medicine in Asia had been extensively studied and this has led to identification of their bioactive ingredients. North America, while home to one of the world's largest and diverse ecological systems, has not subjected its natural resources especially its diverse array of mushroom species for bioprospecting purposes: Are mushrooms native to North America a good source for drug discovery? In this review, we compile all the published studies up to September 2020 on the bioprospecting of North American mushrooms. Out of the 79 species that have been investigated for medicinal properties, 48 species (60%) have bioactivities that have not been previously reported. For a mere 16 selected species, 17 new bioactive compounds (10 small molecules, six polysaccharides and one protein) have already been isolated. The results from our literature search suggest that mushrooms native to North America are indeed a good source for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chow H. Lee
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada;
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Xiao D, Xinyi W, Ze Z, Jinglong H, Weizhi Z, Jiehan Z, Yiyong C. Characterization, optimization of preparation process of an Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide-Zinc (II) complex and its antioxidant activities. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1969276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Xiao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, PR China
| | - Wu Xinyi
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, PR China
| | - Zhang Ze
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, PR China
| | - He Jinglong
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, PR China
| | - Zhang Weizhi
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, PR China
| | - Zhang Jiehan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, PR China
| | - Chen Yiyong
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, PR China
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Quality control and evaluation of Inonotus obliquus using HPLC method with novel marker compounds. J Anal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-020-00249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractCurrent quality control ofInonotus obliquusrequires chromogen complex content limit of 10% in accordance with the State Pharmacopoeia of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. However, this causes ambiguous results, impeding precise quality control. To improve ambiguous quality control criteria, this study developed a new HPLC method using two novel marker compounds (inotodiol and 3β-hydroxylanosta-8,24-dien-21-al) to control the quality control ofI. obliquus. The HPLC analysis was carried out in a C18 column with an isocratic elution of 95% acetonitrile at 210 nm. The developed method validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, and recovery. The content criteria were established by the linear regression method and relative standard deviation method. As the results of the quantitative monitoring, 1.165 mg/g of inotodiol and 1.717 mg/g of 3β-hydroxylanosta-8,24-dien-21-al, calculated by the relative standard deviation method, were suggested new quality criteria. A new HPLC method was developed to improve current quality control ofI. obliquusand new lower content criteria were proposed as a result of quantitative monitoring.Graphical abstract
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Effects of Inonotus obliquus Polysaccharides on Proliferation, Invasion, Migration, and Apoptosis of Osteosarcoma Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2020:4282036. [PMID: 33282634 PMCID: PMC7685809 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4282036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To observe the effect of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide (IOP) on the proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells and to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanism. Methods IOP was extracted from Inonotus obliquus, human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and U2OS cells were cultured in vitro, and the effects of IOP on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of MG-63 cells and U2OS cells were determined by CCK-8 assays, cell scratch assays, transwell assays, and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the expression of related proteins in the Akt/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Results Compared with the control group, MG-63 cells and U2OS cells treated with IOP of 80 μg/ml, 160 μg/ml, and 320 μ g/ml in the experimental group had significantly lower proliferation activity, decreased migration and invasion ability, and increased apoptosis rate (P < 0.05). Furthermore, IOP could significantly inhibit the activation of the Akt/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathway (P < 0.05). Conclusion IOP can regulate the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting the activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. It has antitumor activity on osteosarcoma and has the potential of clinical application in osteosarcoma treatment.
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Szychowski KA, Skóra B, Pomianek T, Gmiński J. Inonotus obliquus - from folk medicine to clinical use. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 11:293-302. [PMID: 34195023 PMCID: PMC8240111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Inonotus obliquus (I. obliquus) mushroom was traditionally used to treat various gastrointestinal diseases. For many years, mounting evidence has indicated the potential of I. obliquus extracts for treatment of viral and parasitic infections. Furthermore, substances from I. obiquus have been shown to stimulate the immune system. The most promising finding was the demonstration that I. obliquus has hypoglycemic and insulin sensitivity potential. This review summarizes the therapeutic potential of I. obliquus extracts in counteracting the progression of cancers and diabetes mellitus as well as their antiviral and antiparasitic activities and antioxidant role. As shown by literature data, various authors have tried to determine the molecular mechanism of action of I. obliquus extracts. Two mechanisms of action of I. obliquus extracts are currently emerging. The first is associated with the broad-sense impact on antioxidant enzymes and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The other is related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) effects. This receptor may be a key factor in the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer activity of I. obliquus extracts. It can be concluded that I. obliquus fits the definition of functional food and has a potentially positive effect on health beyond basic nutrition; however, studies that meet the evidence-based medicine (EBM) criteria are needed. Extracts or polysaccharides from I. obliquus exhibit an anti-cancer potential in vitro. Extracts or polysaccharides from I. obliquus exhibit anti-inflammation potential. Extracts or polysaccharides from I. obliquus exhibit hypoglycemic and insulin sensitivity potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad A Szychowski
- Department of Lifestyle Disorders and Regenerative Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Skóra
- Department of Lifestyle Disorders and Regenerative Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Pomianek
- Department of Management, Faculty of Administration and Social Sciences, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jan Gmiński
- Department of Lifestyle Disorders and Regenerative Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
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Bioactive triterpenoids and water-soluble melanin from Inonotus obliquus (Chaga) with immunomodulatory activity. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Ying YM, Yu HF, Tong CP, Shan WG, Zhan ZJ. Spiroinonotsuoxotriols A and B, Two Highly Rearranged Triterpenoids from Inonotus obliquus. Org Lett 2020; 22:3377-3380. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You-Min Ying
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang-Fei Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui-Ping Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Guang Shan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zha-Jun Zhan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People’s Republic of China
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Xu L, Yu Y, Sang R, Ge B, Wang M, Zhou H, Zhang X. Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide protects against adverse pregnancy caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection through regulating Th17/Treg balance via TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 146:832-840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Effect of Colloidal Metal Nanoparticles on Biomass, Polysaccharides, Flavonoids, and Melanin Accumulation in Medicinal Mushroom Inonotus obliquus (Ach.:Pers.) Pilát. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:1315-1325. [PMID: 32096061 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The article explores effect of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) of Ag, Fe, and Mg metals on the growth activity of the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus (Ach.:Pers.) Pilát and the synthesis of biologically active compounds (polysaccharides, flavonoids, and melanins). It was found that all the studied NPs stimulated growth activity. AgNPs inhibited polysaccharide and flavonoid synthesis, and stimulated melanin synthesis by 140%. Using MgNPs was effective to increase the level of accumulation of endopolysaccharides, flavonoids, and melanin pigments. FeNPs significantly increased the yield of endopolysaccharides. This effect should be used for biosynthesis stimulation for polysaccharides, flavonoids, and melanins obtaining from I. obliquus cultivated in vitro. The results demonstrate the potential of the use of metal colloidal solutions NPs for the development of environmentally friendly and effective biotechnology to produce biologically active compounds by medicinal macromycete I. obliquus.
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The Influence of Submerged Fermentation of Inonotus obliquus with Control Atmosphere Treatment on Enhancing Bioactive Ingredient Contents. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:412-425. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ding X, Ge B, Wang M, Zhou H, Sang R, Yu Y, Xu L, Zhang X. Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide ameliorates impaired reproductive function caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection in male mice via regulating Nrf2-PI3K/AKT pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:449-458. [PMID: 32084465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide (IOP) on impaired reproductive function and its mechanisms in Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)-infected male mice. Results showed that IOP significantly improved the spermatogenic capacity and ameliorated pathological damage of testis, increased serum testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in T. gondii-infected male mice. IOP effectively up-regulated testicular steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), P450scc and 17β-HSD expressions. IOP also significantly decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), but increased the activities of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, IOP up-regulated the expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NADPH quinoneoxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1), and suppressed the apoptosis of testicular cells by decreasing Bcl-2 associated x protein (Bax) and cleaved caspase-3 expressions. IOP further enhanced testicular phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), phospho-protein kinase B (p-AKT) and phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) expression levels. It demonstrates the beneficial effects of IOP on impaired reproductive function in T. gondii-infected male mice due to its anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptosis via regulating Nrf2-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Bingjie Ge
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Zhou
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Rui Sang
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Yifan Yu
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Lu Xu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi, Shandong 276005, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China.
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Nguyen TMN, Le HS, Le BV, Kim YH, Hwang I. Anti-allergic effect of inotodiol, a lanostane triterpenoid from Chaga mushroom, via selective inhibition of mast cell function. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:106244. [PMID: 32035309 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inotodiol is a lanostane triterpenoid found only in Chaga mushroom. In the previous study investigating anti-allergic effects of fractionated Chaga mushroom extracts, we have found evidence that purified inotodiol holds an activity to suppress the mast cell function in vivo. To address the therapeutic relevance of the finding, in this study, we investigated whether inotodiol could also alleviate allergy symptoms observed in a chicken ovalbumin (cOVA)-induced mouse model of food allergy. Like the crude 70% ethanol extract of Chaga mushroom (320 mg/kg), oral administration of inotodiol (20 mg/kg), regardless of whether that was for preventive or treatment purpose, resulted in a significant improvement in allergic symptoms and inflammatory lesions in the small intestine appearing after repeated oral challenge with cOVA. Despite the results that inotodiol (20 mg/kg) and the Chaga mushroom extract (320 mg/kg) took effect to a similar extent, immunological mechanisms underlying those effects were found to be distinct from each other. That is, the results obtained from several in vivo assays, including mast cell-mediated passive systemic anaphylaxis, activation/proliferation of adoptively transferred antigen-specific T cells and immunoglobulin (IgG1, IgE, IgA) production by antigen-specific B cells, illustrated that inotodiol selectively inhibited the mast cell function without having any noticeable effect on other immune responses while the crude Chaga mushroom extract indiscriminately suppressed diverse immune responses. The strong anti-allergic activity of inotodiol, along with its remarkable selectivity to mast cell, makes it an excellent therapeutic candidate for food allergy with both high efficacy and outstanding safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Minh Nguyet Nguyen
- Immunology and Immunopharmacology Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Son Le
- Immunology and Immunopharmacology Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ba Vinh Le
- Natural Products Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Natural Products Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Hwang
- Immunology and Immunopharmacology Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Zou CX, Hou ZL, Bai M, Guo R, Lin B, Wang XB, Huang XX, Song SJ. Highly modified steroids from Inonotus obliquus. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3908-3916. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00474j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Six undescribed steroids including two 8,14-seco-4-methylpregnanes were isolated from the fungus Inonotus obliquus, and were evaluated for neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development
- Liaoning province
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
| | - Zi-Lin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development
- Liaoning province
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
| | - Ming Bai
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development
- Liaoning province
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development
- Liaoning province
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Xiao-Bo Wang
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics support force No. 967 Hospital
- Dalian 116021
- China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development
- Liaoning province
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development
- Liaoning province
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
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Fradj N, Gonçalves Dos Santos KC, de Montigny N, Awwad F, Boumghar Y, Germain H, Desgagné-Penix I. RNA-Seq de Novo Assembly and Differential Transcriptome Analysis of Chaga ( Inonotus obliquus) Cultured with Different Betulin Sources and the Regulation of Genes Involved in Terpenoid Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4334. [PMID: 31487924 PMCID: PMC6770048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaga (Inonotus obliquus) is a medicinal fungus used in traditional medicine of Native American and North Eurasian cultures. Several studies have demonstrated the medicinal properties of chaga's bioactive molecules. For example, several terpenoids (e.g., betulin, betulinic acid and inotodiol) isolated from I. obliquus cells have proven effectiveness in treating different types of tumor cells. However, the molecular mechanisms and regulation underlying the biosynthesis of chaga terpenoids remain unknown. In this study, we report on the optimization of growing conditions for cultured I. obliquus in presence of different betulin sources (e.g., betulin or white birch bark). It was found that better results were obtained for a liquid culture pH 6.2 at 28 °C. In addition, a de novo assembly and characterization of I. obliquus transcriptome in these growth conditions using Illumina technology was performed. A total of 219,288,500 clean reads were generated, allowing for the identification of 20,072 transcripts of I. obliquus including transcripts involved in terpenoid biosynthesis. The differential expression of these genes was confirmed by quantitative-PCR. This study provides new insights on the molecular mechanisms and regulation of I. obliquus terpenoid production. It also contributes useful molecular resources for gene prediction or the development of biotechnologies for the alternative production of terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narimene Fradj
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
- Centre d'étude des Procédés Chimiques du Québec, 6220 rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, QC H1N 1C1, Canada.
| | - Karen Cristine Gonçalves Dos Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Nicolas de Montigny
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Fatima Awwad
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Yacine Boumghar
- Centre d'étude des Procédés Chimiques du Québec, 6220 rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, QC H1N 1C1, Canada.
| | - Hugo Germain
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Isabel Desgagné-Penix
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
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Poyedinok NL. INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN CONCENTRATION ON PHOTOINDUCED GROWTH, ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY AND MELANINE SYNTHESIS BY Inonotus obliquus (Ach.:Pers.) Pilát. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2019. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech12.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Jahnová J, Luhová L, Petřivalský M. S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase-The Master Regulator of Protein S-Nitrosation in Plant NO Signaling. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019. [PMID: 30795534 DOI: 10.3390/plants80200482019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosation has been recognized as an important mechanism of protein posttranslational regulations, based on the attachment of a nitroso group to cysteine thiols. Reversible S-nitrosation, similarly to other redox-base modifications of protein thiols, has a profound effect on protein structure and activity and is considered as a convergence of signaling pathways of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. In plant, S-nitrosation is involved in a wide array of cellular processes during normal development and stress responses. This review summarizes current knowledge on S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), a key enzyme which regulates intracellular levels of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and indirectly also of protein S-nitrosothiols. GSNOR functions are mediated by its enzymatic activity, which catalyzes irreversible GSNO conversion to oxidized glutathione within the cellular catabolism of nitric oxide. GSNOR is involved in the maintenance of balanced levels of reactive nitrogen species and in the control of cellular redox state. Multiple functions of GSNOR in plant development via NO-dependent and -independent signaling mechanisms and in plant defense responses to abiotic and biotic stress conditions have been uncovered. Extensive studies of plants with down- and upregulated GSNOR, together with application of transcriptomics and proteomics approaches, seem promising for new insights into plant S-nitrosothiol metabolism and its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jahnová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Luhová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Marek Petřivalský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase-The Master Regulator of Protein S-Nitrosation in Plant NO Signaling. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8020048. [PMID: 30795534 PMCID: PMC6409631 DOI: 10.3390/plants8020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosation has been recognized as an important mechanism of protein posttranslational regulations, based on the attachment of a nitroso group to cysteine thiols. Reversible S-nitrosation, similarly to other redox-base modifications of protein thiols, has a profound effect on protein structure and activity and is considered as a convergence of signaling pathways of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. In plant, S-nitrosation is involved in a wide array of cellular processes during normal development and stress responses. This review summarizes current knowledge on S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), a key enzyme which regulates intracellular levels of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and indirectly also of protein S-nitrosothiols. GSNOR functions are mediated by its enzymatic activity, which catalyzes irreversible GSNO conversion to oxidized glutathione within the cellular catabolism of nitric oxide. GSNOR is involved in the maintenance of balanced levels of reactive nitrogen species and in the control of cellular redox state. Multiple functions of GSNOR in plant development via NO-dependent and -independent signaling mechanisms and in plant defense responses to abiotic and biotic stress conditions have been uncovered. Extensive studies of plants with down- and upregulated GSNOR, together with application of transcriptomics and proteomics approaches, seem promising for new insights into plant S-nitrosothiol metabolism and its regulation.
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47
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Chemical Characterization and Hypoglycaemic Activities In Vitro of Two Polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus by Submerged Culture. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123261. [PMID: 30544731 PMCID: PMC6321425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides from the fungus Inonotus obliquus have been found to be biologically active. In this study, we carried out a preliminary characterisation and assessment of the hypoglycaemic activities of the polysaccharides (IOEP) from Inonotus obliquus obtained by liquid fermentation. Two polysaccharides, IOEP1 and IOEP2, were isolated from IOEP. IOEP1, with a molecular weight of 20 KDa, was mainly composed of galatose and mannose, while IOEP2, with a molecular weight of 200 KDa, was mainly composed of arabinose. Fourier-transform infrared analysis showed that both IOEP1 and IOEP2 were pyran-type polysaccharides. 1H-NMR spectra showed that the glycosidic bonds of IOEP1 and IOEP2 were both α-type and β-type. In addition, IOEP1 and IOEP2 strongly increased the glucose consumption of HepG2 cells and insulin-resistant HepG2 cells in vitro. These findings provide a theoretical basis that IOEP1 and IOEP2 might be suitable as anti-diabetes agents in functional foods and natural drugs.
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Xu L, Sang R, Yu Y, Li J, Ge B, Zhang X. The polysaccharide from Inonotus obliquus protects mice from Toxoplasma gondii-induced liver injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:1-8. [PMID: 30445083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the protective effects and mechanism of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide (IOP) on liver injury caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in mice. The results showed that treatment with IOP significantly decreased the liver coefficient, the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), and increased the contents of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). IOP effectively decreased the expression of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interluekin-4 (IL-4) in T. gondii-infected mice. In agreement with these observations, IOP also alleviated hepatic pathological damages caused by T. gondii. Furthermore, we found that IOP down-regulated the levels of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), phosphorylations of nuclear factor-κappaB (NF-κB) p65 and inhibitor kappaBα (IκBα), whereas up-regulated the expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). These findings suggest that IOP possesses hepatoprotective effects against T. gondii-induced liver injury in mice, and such protection is at least in part due to its anti-inflammatory effects through inhibiting the TLRs/NF-κB signaling axis and the activation of an antioxidant response by inducing the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- Department of Animal Medicine, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Rui Sang
- Department of Animal Medicine, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Yifan Yu
- Department of Animal Medicine, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Jinxia Li
- Department of Animal Medicine, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Bingjie Ge
- Department of Animal Medicine, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Animal Medicine, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China.
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Structural characterization of bioactive heteropolysaccharides from the medicinal fungus Inonotus obliquus (Chaga). Carbohydr Polym 2017; 185:27-40. [PMID: 29421057 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to perform a comprehensive characterization of polysaccharides isolated from the interior (IOI) and exterior (IOE) parts of the fungus Inonotus obliquus. Pre-extraction with DCM and MeOH, followed by water and alkali extraction and ethanol precipitation gave two water extracts and two alkali extracts. Neutral and acidic polysaccharide fractions were obtained after anion-exchange chromatography of the water extracts. The neutral polysaccharides (60-73 kDa) were heterogeneous and branched and consisted of a (1 → 3)-linked β-Glc backbone with (1 → 6)-linked kinks in the chain at approximately every fifth residue, with branches of (1 → 6)-linked β-Glc in addition to substantial amounts of (1 → 6)-linked α-Gal with 3-O-methylation at about every third Gal residue. The acidic polysaccharide fractions (10-31 kDa) showed similar structural motifs as the neutral fractions differing mainly by the presence of (1 → 4)-linked α-GalA and α-GlcA. β-Xyl, α-Man and α-Rha were also present in varying amounts in all fractions. No major structural differences between the IOI and IOE fractions were observed. An alkaline polysaccharide fraction (>450 kDa) was obtained from the IOI alkali extract, and consisted mainly of (1 → 3)- and (1 → 6)-linked β-Glc and (1 → 4)-linked β-Xyl. Several of the fractions showed in vitro immunomodulatory effect by increasing NO production in the murine macrophage and dendritic cell lines J774.A1 and D2SC/1. Most fractions managed to increase NO production only at the highest concentration tested (100 μg/ml), while the neutral fraction IOE-WN activated potent NO production at 10 μg/ml and was considered the most promising immunomodulating fraction in this study.
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50
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Tsai CC, Li YS, Lin PP. Inonotus obliquus extract induces apoptosis in the human colorectal carcinoma’s HCT-116 cell line. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1119-1126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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