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Myung H, Joung YS. Contribution of Particulates to Airborne Disease Transmission and Severity: A Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6846-6867. [PMID: 38568611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has catalyzed great interest in the spread of airborne pathogens. Airborne infectious diseases are classified into viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. Environmental factors can elevate their transmission and lethality. Air pollution has been reported as the leading environmental cause of disease and premature death worldwide. Notably, ambient particulates of various components and sizes are harmful pollutants. There are two prominent health effects of particles in the atmosphere: (1) particulate matter (PM) penetrates the respiratory tract and adversely affects health, such as heart and respiratory diseases; and (2) bioaerosols of particles act as a medium for the spread of pathogens in the air. Particulates contribute to the occurrence of infectious diseases by increasing vulnerability to infection through inhalation and spreading disease through interactions with airborne pathogens. Here, we focus on the synergistic effects of airborne particulates on infectious disease. We outline the concepts and characteristics of bioaerosols, from their generation to transformation and circulation on Earth. Considering that microorganisms coexist with other particulates as bioaerosols, we investigate studies examining respiratory infections associated with airborne PM. Furthermore, we discuss four factors (meteorological, biological, physical, and chemical) that may impact the influence of PM on the survival of contagious pathogens in the atmosphere. Our review highlights the significant role of particulates in supporting the transmission of infectious aerosols and emphasizes the need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Myung
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Joung
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
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2
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Zhang X, Lu B, Chen G, Wang L, Lin B, Peng Z, Lu S, Li D, Chen J. Culturable and inhalable airborne bacteria in a semiunderground municipal wastewater treatment plant: Distribution, transmission, and health risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132234. [PMID: 37586239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Airborne pathogens constitute a growing threat to global public health. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important sources of airborne bacteria, which pose great health risks to the employee and nearby residents. In this study, the distribution, transmission and health risk of the airborne culturable and inhalable bacteria carried by PM2.5 in a semiunderground WWTP were evaluated. The concentrations of culturable bacteria in the air were 21.2-1431.1 CFU/m3, with the main contributions of primary and biological treatments. The relative abundances of culturable and total inhalable bacterial taxa were positively correlated (p < 0.05). However, certain bacteria, including Bacillus, Acinetobacter and Enterococcus, exhibited high reproductive capacity despite their low concentration in the air, suggesting that they can survive and regrow in suitable environments. Transmission modeling revealed that the concentrations of airborne bacteria exponentially decreased with distance from 18.67 to 24.12 copies /m3 at the source to 0.06-0.14 copies /m3 at 1000 m downwind. The risks of 8-h exposure in this WWTP except the outlet exceeded the reference value recommended by WHO, which were primarily dependent on P. aeruginosa, Salmonella, and E. coli. Management practices should consider improved controls for bioaerosols in order to reduce the risk of disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bingjie Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Shanghai Chengtou Sewage Treatment Co., LtD., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Shanghai Chengtou Sewage Treatment Co., LtD., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bingjie Lin
- Shanghai Chengtou Sewage Treatment Co., LtD., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengliang Peng
- Shanghai Chengtou Sewage Treatment Co., LtD., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Songliu Lu
- Shanghai Investigation, Design & Research Institute, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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3
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Klimkaite L, Liveikis T, Kaspute G, Armalyte J, Aldonyte R. Air pollution-associated shifts in the human airway microbiome and exposure-associated molecular events. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:607-623. [PMID: 37477532 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Publications addressing air pollution-induced human respiratory microbiome shifts are reviewed in this article. The healthy respiratory microbiota is characterized by a low density of bacteria, fungi and viruses with high diversity, and usually consists of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, viruses and fungi. The air's microbiome is highly dependent on air pollution levels and is directly reflected within the human respiratory microbiome. In addition, pollutants indirectly modify the local environment in human respiratory organs by reducing antioxidant capacity, misbalancing proteolysis and modulating inflammation, all of which regulate local microbiomes. Improving air quality leads to more diverse and healthy microbiomes of the local air and, subsequently, residents' airways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Greta Kaspute
- State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Ruta Aldonyte
- State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Long T, Ye Z, Tang Y, Shi J, Wen J, Chen C, Huo Q. Comparison of bacterial community structure in PM 2.5 during hazy and non-hazy periods in Guilin, South China. AEROBIOLOGIA 2023; 39:87-103. [PMID: 36568442 PMCID: PMC9762634 DOI: 10.1007/s10453-022-09777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In recent years, significant efforts have been made to study changes in the levels of air pollutants at regional and urban scales, and changes in bioaerosols during air pollution events have attracted increasing attention. In this study, the bacterial structure of PM2.5 was analysed under different environmental conditions during hazy and non-hazy periods in Guilin. A total of 32 PM2.5 samples were collected in December 2020 and July 2021, and the microbial community structures were analysed using high-throughput sequencing methods. The results show that air pollution and climate change alter the species distribution and community diversity of bacteria in PM2.5, particularly Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas. The structure of the bacterial community composition is related to diurnal variation, vertical height, and urban area and their interactions with various environmental factors. This is a comprehensive study that characterises the variability of bacteria associated with PM2.5 in a variety of environments, highlighting the impacts of environmental effects on the atmospheric microbial community. The results will contribute to our understanding of haze trends in China, particularly the relationship between bioaerosol communities and the urban environment. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10453-022-09777-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfa Long
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, 541006 China
- College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006 China
| | - Ziwei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, 541006 China
- College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006 China
| | - Yanchun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, 541006 China
- College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006 China
| | - Jiaxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, 541006 China
- College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006 China
| | - Jianhui Wen
- College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006 China
- Guilin Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, Guilin, 541004 China
| | - Chunqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, 541006 China
- College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006 China
| | - Qiang Huo
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, 541006 China
- College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006 China
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5
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Bengalli R, Zerboni A, Bonfanti P, Saibene M, Mehn D, Cella C, Ponti J, La Spina R, Mantecca P. Characterization of microparticles derived from waste plastics and their bio-interaction with human lung A549 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:2030-2044. [PMID: 35929361 PMCID: PMC9805234 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) represent a worldwide emerging relevant concern toward human and environmental health due to their intentional or unintentional release. Human exposure to MPs by inhalation is predicted to be among the most hazardous. MPs include both engineered, or primary MPs, and secondary MPs, materials obtained by fragmentation from any plastic good. The major part of the environmental MPs is constituted by the second ones that are irregular in size, shape and composition. These features make the study of the biological impact of heterogenous MPs of extremely high relevance to better estimate the real toxicological hazards of these materials on human and environmental organisms. The smallest fractions of plastic granules, relying on the micron-sized scale, can be considered as the most abundant component of the environmental MPs, and for this reason, they are typically used to perform toxicity tests using in vitro systems representative of an inhalation exposure scenario. In the present work, MPs obtained from industrial treatment of waste plastics (wMPs < 50 μm) were investigated, and after the physico-chemical characterization, the cytotoxic, inflammatory and genotoxic responses, as well as the modality of wMPs interactions with alveolar lung cells, were determined. Obtained results indicated that, at high concentrations (100 μg/ml) and prolonged exposure time (48 h), wMPs affect biological responses by inducing inflammation and genotoxicity, as a result of the cell-wMP interactions, also including the uptake of the smaller particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Bengalli
- POLARIS Reaserch Center, Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Alessandra Zerboni
- POLARIS Reaserch Center, Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Patrizia Bonfanti
- POLARIS Reaserch Center, Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Melissa Saibene
- POLARIS Reaserch Center, Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Dora Mehn
- Joint Research Centre (JRC)European CommissionIspraItaly
| | - Claudia Cella
- Joint Research Centre (JRC)European CommissionIspraItaly
| | - Jessica Ponti
- Joint Research Centre (JRC)European CommissionIspraItaly
| | - Rita La Spina
- Joint Research Centre (JRC)European CommissionIspraItaly
| | - Paride Mantecca
- POLARIS Reaserch Center, Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
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6
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Ginn O, Lowry S, Brown J. A systematic review of enteric pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in outdoor urban aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113097. [PMID: 35339466 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol transport of enteric microbiota including fecal pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) has been documented in a range of settings but remains poorly understood outside indoor environments. We conducted a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature to summarize evidence on specific enteric microbiota including enteric pathogens and ARGs that have been measured in aerosol samples in urban settings where the risks of outdoor exposure and antibiotic resistance (AR) spread may be highest. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a key word search for articles published within the years 1990-2020 using relevant data sources. Two authors independently conducted the keyword searches of databases and conducted primary and secondary screenings before merging results. To be included, studies contained extractable data on enteric microbes and AR in outdoor aerosols regardless of source confirmation and reported on qualitative, quantitative, or viability data on enteric microbes or AR. Qualitative analyses and metric summaries revealed that enteric microbes and AR have been consistently reported in outdoor aerosols, generally via relative abundance measures, though gaps remain preventing full understanding of the role of the aeromicrobiological pathway in the fate and transport of enteric associated outdoor aerosols. We identified remaining gaps in the evidence base including a need for broad characterization of enteric pathogens in bioaerosols beyond bacterial genera, a need for greater sampling in locations of high enteric disease risk, and a need for quantitative estimation of microbial and nucleic acid densities that may be applied to fate and transport models and in quantitative microbial risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Ginn
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
| | - Sarah Lowry
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Joe Brown
- Deparment of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States.
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7
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Urban Aerobiome and Effects on Human Health: A Systematic Review and Missing Evidence. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13071148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Urban air pollutants are a major public health concern and include biological matters which composes about 25% of the atmospheric aerosol particles. Airborne microorganisms were traditionally characterized by culture-based methods recognizing just 1.5–15.3% of the total bacterial diversity that was evaluable by genome signature in the air environment (aerobiome). Despite the large number of exposed people, urban aerobiomes are still weakly described even if recently advanced literature has been published. This paper aims to systematically review the state of knowledge on the urban aerobiome and human health effects. A total of 24 papers that used next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques for characterization and comprised a seasonal analysis have been included. A core of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroides and various factors that influenced the community structure were detected. Heterogenic methods and results were reported, for both sampling and aerobiome diversity analysis, highlighting the necessity of in-depth and homogenized assessment thus reducing the risk of bias. The aerobiome can include threats for human health, such as pathogens and resistome spreading; however, its diversity seems to be protective for human health and reduced by high levels of air pollution. Evidence of the urban aerobiome effects on human health need to be filled up quickly for urban public health purposes.
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8
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Jiang S, Sun B, Zhu R, Che C, Ma D, Wang R, Dai H. Airborne microbial community structure and potential pathogen identification across the PM size fractions and seasons in the urban atmosphere. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154665. [PMID: 35314242 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a vital component of airborne bioaerosols, bacteria and fungi seriously endanger human health as pathogens and allergens. However, comprehensive effects of environmental variables on airborne microbial community structures remain poorly understood across the PM sizes and seasons. We collected atmospheric PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10 samples in Hefei, a typical rapidly-developing city in East China, across three seasons, and performed a comprehensive analysis of airborne microbial community structures using qPCR and high-throughput sequencing. Overall the bacterial and fungal abundances in PM1.0 were one to two orders of magnitude higher than those in PM2.5 and PM10 across seasons, but their α-diversity tended to increase from PM1.0 to PM10. The bacterial gene abundances showed a strong positive correlation (P < 0.05) with atmospheric SO2 and NO2 concentrations and air quality index. The bacterial gene abundances were significantly higher (P = 0.001) than fungi, and the bacterial diversity showed stronger seasonality. The PM sizes influenced distribution patterns for airborne microbial communities within the same season. Source-tracking analysis indicated that soils, plants, human and animal feces represented important sources of airborne bacteria with a total relative abundance of more than 60% in summer, but total abundance from the unidentified sources surpassed in fall and winter. Total 10 potential bacterial and 12 potential fungal pathogens were identified at the species level with the highest relative abundances in summer, and their abundances increased with the PM sizes. Together, our results indicated that a complex set of environmental factors, including water-soluble ions in PM, changes in air pollutant levels and meteorological conditions, and shifts in the relative importance of available microbial sources, acted to control the seasonal compositions of microbial communities in the urban atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Jiang
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bowen Sun
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Renbin Zhu
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Chenshuai Che
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Dawei Ma
- State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Runfang Wang
- State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Haitao Dai
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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9
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Naidu ST, Ferreira RM, Oliveira TDQ, Gondim FDL, Serra DS, Cavalcante FSÁ. Respiratory effects caused by exposure to diesel exhaust particles during moderate exercise: a murine model. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:1536-1545. [PMID: 35446598 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00115.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise is an increasing trend worldwide. However, people are increasingly exercising outdoors, alongside roadways where heavy vehicles release diesel exhaust. We analyzed respiratory effects caused by inhaled diesel particulate emitted by vehicles adhering to Brazilian legislation, PROCONVE Phase P7 (equivalent to EURO 5), as well the effects of exposure during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups for a 4-wk treadmill protocol: CE (n = 8) received intranasal sterile physiological saline and then performed moderate-intensity exercise (control), CS (n = 10) received saline and then remained stationary on the treadmill (control), DS (n = 9) received intranasal diesel exhaust particles and then remained stationary, and DE (n = 10) was exposed to diesel exhaust and then exercised at moderate intensity. Mice were subsequently connected to a mechanical ventilator (SCIREQ flexiVent, Canada) to analyze the following respiratory mechanics parameters: tissue resistance, elastance, inspiratory capacity, static compliance, Newtonian resistance, and pressure-volume loop area. After euthanasia, peripheral pulmonary tissue strips were extracted and subjected to force-length tests to evaluate parenchymal elastic and mechanical properties, using oscillations applied by a computer-controlled force transducer system; parameters obtained were tissue resistance, elastance, and hysteresivity. DS displayed impaired respiratory mechanics for all parameters, in comparison with CS. DE exhibited significantly reduced inspiratory capacity and static compliance, and increased Newtonian resistance when compared with CE. Exposure to diesel exhaust, both during exercise and rest, still exerts harmful pulmonary effects, even at current legislation limits. These results justify further changes in environmental standards, to reduce the health risks caused by traffic-related pollution.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exercise, while beneficial, is often performed in areas of greater inhaled particulates. Here we show this effect using mice exposed to controlled diesel particle inhalation and moderate aerobic exercise. Diesel particle inhalation, without or with exercise, worsened both respiratory mechanical properties associated with changes in lung tissue mechanics and morphometry.
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10
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Gusareva ES, Gaultier NE, Uchida A, Premkrishnan BNV, Heinle CE, Phung WJ, Wong A, Lau KJX, Yap ZH, Koh Y, Ang PN, Putra A, Panicker D, Lee JGH, Neves LC, Drautz-Moses DI, Schuster SC. Short-range contributions of local sources to ambient air. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac043. [PMID: 36713329 PMCID: PMC9802476 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in aerobiology have enabled the investigation of airborne biomass with high temporal and taxonomic resolution. In this study, we assess the contributions of local sources to ambient air within a 160,000 m2 tropical avian park (AP). We sequenced and analyzed 120 air samples from seven locations situated 160 to 400 m apart, representing distinct microhabitats. Each microhabitat contained a characteristic air microbiome, defined by the abundance and richness of its airborne microbial community members, supported by both, PCoA and Random Forest analysis. Each outdoor microhabitat contained 1% to 18.6% location-specific taxa, while a core microbiome of 27.1% of the total taxa was shared. To identify and assess local sources, we compared the AP dataset with a DVE reference dataset from a location 2 km away, collected during a year-round sampling campaign. Intersection of data from the two sites demonstrated 61.6% of airborne species originated from local sources of the AP, 34.5% from ambient air background, and only 3.9% of species were specific to the DVE reference site. In-depth taxonomic analysis demonstrated association of bacteria-dominated air microbiomes with indoor spaces, while fungi-dominated airborne microbial biomass was predominant in outdoor settings with ample vegetation. The approach presented here demonstrates an ability to identify local source contributions against an ambient air background, despite the prevailing mixing of air masses caused by atmospheric turbulences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akira Uchida
- Singapore Center for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Balakrishnan N V Premkrishnan
- Singapore Center for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Cassie E Heinle
- Singapore Center for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Wen J Phung
- Singapore Center for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Anthony Wong
- Singapore Center for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Kenny J X Lau
- Singapore Center for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Zhei H Yap
- Singapore Center for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Yanqing Koh
- Singapore Center for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Poh N Ang
- Singapore Center for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Alexander Putra
- Singapore Center for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Deepa Panicker
- Singapore Center for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Jessica G H Lee
- Mandai Nature, 80 Mandai Lake Rd, Singapore 729826, Singapore
| | - Luis C Neves
- Animal Care Department, Mandai Wildlife Group, 80 Mandai Lake Rd, Singapore 729826, Singapore
| | - Daniela I Drautz-Moses
- Singapore Center for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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11
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Du R, Zhang S, Zhao H. Microbial Activity and Community Structure in PM 2 .5 at Different Heights in Ground Boundary Layer of Beijing Atmosphere under Various Air Quality Levels. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:4013-4029. [PMID: 35466499 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic is a reminder that aerosols have important health effects as a potential route for disease transmission. Biological components in aerosols (especially PM2.5 ) may pose potential threats to humans as pathogens and allergens. Research on PM2.5 and biological components currently focuses mainly on polluted conditions, with less emphasis on clean environments. Sampling has also been primarily based on a single point with a lack of data at different positions. In this study, a modified fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis method was used to measure microbial activity in PM2.5 at different altitudes over a year in Beijing, China. A high-throughput sequencing method was used to study the microbial community. Results showed that microbial activity 1.5 m (0.0465 ng m-3 ) above the ground was higher than 31.5 m (0.0348 ng m-3 ). There was higher microbial activity at both heights during spring. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between microbial activity and relative abundance of dominant species. Microbial activity increased during autumn and winter increased alongside the pollution level, but in spring higher levels of microbial activity were observed in excellent or good weather conditions. The results from this study are valuable for further research regarding the biological components of atmospheric PM, the prevention of biological pollution, and establishing a comprehensive air quality evaluation system. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hanlin Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sujian Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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12
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Soininen L, Roslund MI, Nurminen N, Puhakka R, Laitinen OH, Hyöty H, Sinkkonen A. Indoor green wall affects health-associated commensal skin microbiota and enhances immune regulation: a randomized trial among urban office workers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6518. [PMID: 35444249 PMCID: PMC9021224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Urbanization reduces microbiological abundance and diversity, which has been associated with immune mediated diseases. Urban greening may be used as a prophylactic method to restore microbiological diversity in cities and among urbanites. This study evaluated the impact of air-circulating green walls on bacterial abundance and diversity on human skin, and on immune responses determined by blood cytokine measurements. Human subjects working in offices in two Finnish cities (Lahti and Tampere) participated in a two-week intervention, where green walls were installed in the rooms of the experimental group. Control group worked without green walls. Skin and blood samples were collected before (Day0), during (Day14) and two weeks after (Day28) the intervention. The relative abundance of genus Lactobacillus and the Shannon diversity of phylum Proteobacteria and class Gammaproteobacteria increased in the experimental group. Proteobacterial diversity was connected to the lower proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A level among participants in Lahti. In addition, the change in TGF-β1 levels was opposite between the experimental and control group. As skin Lactobacillus and the diversity of Proteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria are considered advantageous for skin health, air-circulating green walls may induce beneficial changes in a human microbiome. The immunomodulatory potential of air-circulating green walls deserves further research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Soininen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - M I Roslund
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland.,Natural Resources Institute Finland, Horticulture Technologies, Turku and Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - R Puhakka
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - O H Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - H Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Horticulture Technologies, Turku and Helsinki, Finland.
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13
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Sharma Ghimire P, Joshi DR, Tripathee L, Chen P, Sajjad W, Kang S. Seasonal taxonomic composition of microbial communal shaping the bioaerosols milieu of the urban city of Lanzhou. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:222. [PMID: 35344106 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, the taxonomical composition and seasonal dynamics of airborne microbial communities were described in the urban city of Lanzhou, Northwest China. Year-long samples were studied in two filter membranes (Quartz and PTFE). Higher microbial loads were reported in the PTFE than in the quartz filter. Onefold decrease was reported in bacterial loads in spring and summer than winter and autumn for both filters. The fungal loadings were lowest during winter and highest during autumn, followed by summer. The microbial communities included Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota as major components. Maximum abundance of the members from Gammaproteobacteria, Coriobacteria and Clostridia were studied in all seasons on PTFE membrane, followed by, Erysipelotrichia, Negativicutes and Fusobacteria. Members of Actinobacteria and Bacilli showed higher abundance in spring and winter, with a small proportion during autumn. Members of Clostridia, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacilli, and Actinobacteria showed maximum abundance on the quartz filter in all the seasons. Similarly, on the PTFE, fungi including Dothideomycetes and Agaricomycetes were dominant, followed by Saccharomycetes during summer and winter. The result showed that PM2.5, SO42-, NO2-, Na+, EC, and OC are important environmental parameters influencing the seasonal microbial community. However, the relation of the microbiome with the environment cannot be confidently defined because the environmental factors are changeable and yet interrelated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakriti Sharma Ghimire
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,Himalayan Environment Research Institute (HERI), Kathmandu, 44602, Nepal
| | - Dev Raj Joshi
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, 44613, Nepal
| | - Lekhendra Tripathee
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,Himalayan Environment Research Institute (HERI), Kathmandu, 44602, Nepal
| | - Pengfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wasim Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Diversity and Source of Airborne Microbial Communities at Differential Polluted Sites of Rome. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic fraction of airborne PM10 which includes bacteria, viruses, fungi and pollens, has been proposed as one of the potential causes of the PM10 toxicity. The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the microbial community variations associated to PM10, and their main local sources in the surrounding environment in three urban sites of Rome, characterized by differential pollution rate: green area, residential area and polluted area close to the traffic roads. We combined high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, with detailed chemical analysis of particulate matter sampled from air, paved road surfaces and leaf surfaces of Quercus ilex. Our results demonstrated that bacterial and fungal airborne communities were characterized by the highest alpha-diversity and grouped separately from epiphytic and road dust communities. The reconstruction of source-sink relationships revealed that the resuspension/deposition of road dust from traffic might contribute to the maximum magnitude of microbial exchanges. The relative abundance of extremotolerant microbes was found to be enhanced in epiphytic communities and was associated to a progressively increase of pollution levels as well as opportunistic human pathogenicity in fungal communities.
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15
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Yan D, Zhang T, Bai JL, Su J, Zhao LL, Wang H, Fang XM, Zhang YQ, Liu HY, Yu LY. Isolation, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Bacterial and Fungal Representatives Associated With Particulate Matter During Haze and Non-haze Days. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:793037. [PMID: 35087495 PMCID: PMC8787346 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.793037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) has been a threat to the environment and public health in the metropolises of developing industrial countries such as Beijing. The microorganisms associated with PM have an impact on human health if they are exposed to the respiratory tract persistently. There are few reports on the microbial resources collected from PM and their antimicrobial activities. In this study, we greatly expanded the diversity of available commensal organisms by collecting 1,258 bacterial and 456 fungal isolates from 63 PM samples. A total of 77 bacterial genera and 35 fungal genera were included in our pure cultures, with Bacillus as the most prevalent cultured bacterial genus, Aspergillus, and Penicillium as the most prevalent fungal ones. During heavy-haze days, the numbers of colony-forming units (CFUs) and isolates of bacteria and fungi were decreased. Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Chaetomium were found to be enriched during haze days, while Kocuria, Microbacterium, and Penicillium were found to be enriched during non-haze days. Antimicrobial activity against common pathogens have been found in 40 bacterial representatives and 1 fungal representative. The collection of airborne strains will provide a basis to greatly increase our understanding of the relationship between bacteria and fungi associated with PM and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yan
- China Pharmaceutical Culture Collection, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- China Pharmaceutical Culture Collection, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Lin Bai
- China Pharmaceutical Culture Collection, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Su
- China Pharmaceutical Culture Collection, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Li Zhao
- China Pharmaceutical Culture Collection, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- China Pharmaceutical Culture Collection, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Fang
- China Pharmaceutical Culture Collection, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Qin Zhang
- China Pharmaceutical Culture Collection, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Yu Liu
- China Pharmaceutical Culture Collection, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Yan Yu
- China Pharmaceutical Culture Collection, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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16
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Miaow K, Lacap-Bugler D, Buckley HL. Identifying optimal bioinformatics protocols for aerosol microbial community data. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12065. [PMID: 34703658 PMCID: PMC8487624 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes are fundamental to Earth’s ecosystems, thus understanding ecosystem connectivity through microbial dispersal is key to predicting future ecosystem changes in a warming world. However, aerial microbial dispersal remains poorly understood. Few studies have been performed on bioaerosols (microorganisms and biological fragments suspended in the atmosphere), despite them harboring pathogens and allergens. Most environmental microbes grow poorly in culture, therefore molecular approaches are required to characterize aerial diversity. Bioinformatic tools are needed for processing the next generation sequencing (NGS) data generated from these molecular approaches; however, there are numerous options and choices in the process. These choices can markedly affect key aspects of the data output including relative abundances, diversity, and taxonomy. Bioaerosol samples have relatively little DNA, and often contain novel and proportionally high levels of contaminant organisms, that are difficult to identify. Therefore, bioinformatics choices are of crucial importance. A bioaerosol dataset for bacteria and fungi based on the 16S rRNA gene (16S) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequencing from parks in the metropolitan area of Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand was used to develop a process for determining the bioinformatics pipeline that would maximize the data amount and quality generated. Two popular tools (Dada2 and USEARCH) were compared for amplicon sequence variant (ASV) inference and generation of an ASV table. A scorecard was created and used to assess multiple outputs and make systematic choices about the most suitable option. The read number and ASVs were assessed, alpha diversity was calculated (Hill numbers), beta diversity (Bray–Curtis distances), differential abundance by site and consistency of ASVs were considered. USEARCH was selected, due to higher consistency in ASVs identified and greater read counts. Taxonomic assignment is highly dependent on the taxonomic database used. Two popular taxonomy databases were compared in terms of number and confidence of assignments, and a combined approach developed that uses information in both databases to maximize the number and confidence of taxonomic assignments. This approach increased the assignment rate by 12–15%, depending on amplicon and the overall assignment was 77% for bacteria and 47% for fungi. Assessment of decontamination using “decontam” and “microDecon” was performed, based on review of ASVs identified as contaminants by each and consideration of the probability of them being legitimate members of the bioaerosol community. For this example, “microDecon’s” subtraction approach for removing background contamination was selected. This study demonstrates a systematic approach to determining the optimal bioinformatics pipeline using a multi-criteria scorecard for microbial bioaerosol data. Example code in the R environment for this data processing pipeline is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Miaow
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Hannah L Buckley
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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17
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Terzaghi E, Posada-Baquero R, Di Guardo A, Ortega-Calvo JJ. Microbial degradation of pyrene in holm oak (Quercus ilex) phyllosphere: Role of particulate matter in regulating bioaccessibility. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147431. [PMID: 33964783 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study we first measured the mineralization of pyrene on leaves of urban holm oak (Quercus ilex) by autochthonous microorganisms and an inoculated PAH degrading bacterium (i.e., Mycobacterium gilvum), selected as a model phyllosphere species, as well as the leaf-water (KLW) and leaf-air (KLA) partition coefficients for this chemical. Mineralization was investigated in two different experimental systems in terms of leaf and microorganism environment. Additionally, the influence on pyrene partitioning and mineralization when particulate matter (PM) was present on the leaf surface or removed was studied. Mineralization of 14C-labeled pyrene by autochthonous microorganisms was lower than 1% after approximately two weeks, while M. gilvum mineralized 5% to 17% of pyrene. These extents corresponded to mineralization half-lives that ranged between ~30 to ~200 days. We proposed that PM present at the leaf surface reduced the accumulation of pyrene by inner compartments (cuticle) distantly located from microbial cells and enhanced the bioaccessibility of pyrene, speeding up microbial activity and therefore mineralization. These results highlight that plant-phyllosphere microorganism interaction is more complex than currently established and deserves additional studies to further comprehend the air purification ecosystem service of phyllosphere microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Terzaghi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
| | - Rosa Posada-Baquero
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologıá de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), E-41080 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Di Guardo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Josè-J Ortega-Calvo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologıá de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), E-41080 Seville, Spain
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18
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Li H, Wu ZF, Yang XR, An XL, Ren Y, Su JQ. Urban greenness and plant species are key factors in shaping air microbiomes and reducing airborne pathogens. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 153:106539. [PMID: 33813232 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Urban green space has been implicated in shaping airborne microbes, but there is an only rudimentary understanding of the key factors of urban green space affecting the composition and structures of airborne microbes. Here, we selected 40 urban sites based on stratified random sampling design and investigated the effects of multiple factors including landscapes, plant, soil, and anthropogenic factors on airborne microbial communities, especially bacterial and fungal pathogens. Bacterial and fungal communities in the control area with lower greenness were significantly (P < 0.05) different from those in other areas with a gradient of green space. The relative abundance of bacterial and fungal pathogens significantly (P < 0.05) decreased with increasing greenness. Other than soil thickness, soil type, slope position, and population density, plant species considerably contributed to the shift in the composition and abundance of potential bacterial and fungal pathogens. A significantly (P < 0.05) reduced abundance of bacterial and fungal pathogens was observed in areas with >30% masson pine. Together, these results provide insights into the importance of green space for providing health benefits for city dwellers by reducing pathogens in air, as well as providing support for the inclusion of plant species in the management of urban green space to reduce exposure risk of airborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Wu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Yang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin-Li An
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yin Ren
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Jian-Qiang Su
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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19
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Kotsiou OS, Kotsios VS, Lampropoulos I, Zidros T, Zarogiannis SG, Gourgoulianis KI. PM 2.5 Pollution Strongly Predicted COVID-19 Incidence in Four High-Polluted Urbanized Italian Cities during the Pre-Lockdown and Lockdown Periods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5088. [PMID: 34064956 PMCID: PMC8151137 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) heavily hit Italy, one of Europe's most polluted countries. The extent to which PM pollution contributed to COVID-19 diffusion is needing further clarification. We aimed to investigate the particular matter (PM) pollution and its correlation with COVID-19 incidence across four Italian cities: Milan, Rome, Naples, and Salerno, during the pre-lockdown and lockdown periods. METHODS We performed a comparative analysis followed by correlation and regression analyses of the daily average PM10, PM2.5 concentrations, and COVID-19 incidence across four cities from 1 January 2020 to 8 April 2020, adjusting for several factors, taking a two-week time lag into account. RESULTS Milan had significantly higher average daily PM10 and PM2.5 levels than Rome, Naples, and Salerno. Rome, Naples, and Salerno maintained safe PM10 levels. The daily PM2.5 levels exceeded the legislative standards in all cities during the entire period. PM2.5 pollution was related to COVID-19 incidence. The PM2.5 levels and sampling rate were strong predictors of COVID-19 incidence during the pre-lockdown period. The PM2.5 levels, population's age, and density strongly predicted COVID-19 incidence during lockdown. CONCLUSIONS Italy serves as a noteworthy paradigm illustrating that PM2.5 pollution impacts COVID-19 spread. Even in lockdown, PM2.5 levels negatively impacted COVID-19 incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania S. Kotsiou
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, GAIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; (I.L.); (K.I.G.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece;
| | - Vaios S. Kotsios
- Metsovion Interdisciplinary Research Center, National Technical University of Athens, 44200 Attica, Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Lampropoulos
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; (I.L.); (K.I.G.)
- Department of Business Administration, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Peloponnesus, Greece
| | - Thomas Zidros
- Department of Automation Engineering, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, 57400 Thessaloniki, Athens, Greece;
| | - Sotirios G. Zarogiannis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; (I.L.); (K.I.G.)
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20
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Khan Z, Ualiyeva D, Khan A, Zaman N, Sapkota S, Khan A, Ali B, Ghafoor D. A Correlation among the COVID-19 Spread, Particulate Matters, and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: A Review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 2021:5524098. [PMID: 34054974 PMCID: PMC8114882 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5524098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution (AP) is one of the leading causes of health risks because it causes widespread morbidity and mortality every year. Its impact on the environment includes acid rain and decreased visibility, but more importantly, it also has an impact on human health. The rise of COVID-19 demonstrates the cost of failing to manage AP. COVID-19 can be spread through the air, and atmospheric particulate matters (PMs) can create a good atmosphere for the long-distance spread of the virus. Moreover, these PMs can cause lung cell inflammation, thereby increasing sensitivity and the severity of symptoms in COVID-19 patients. In this study, we emphasized the potential role of PMs in the spread of COVID-19. The relationship among COVID-19, PMs, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (receptor involved in virus entry into lung cells and inflammation) was also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafran Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Mingora, Pakistan
| | - Daniya Ualiyeva
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Department of Herpetology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Asaf Khan
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Nasib Zaman
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Mingora, Pakistan
| | - Sanjeep Sapkota
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ayub Khan
- Computer and Software Technology, University of Swat, Mingora, Pakistan
| | - Babar Ali
- Department of Optometry, Isra University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Dawood Ghafoor
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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21
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Núñez A, García AM, Moreno DA, Guantes R. Seasonal changes dominate long-term variability of the urban air microbiome across space and time. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 150:106423. [PMID: 33578068 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Compared to soil or aquatic ecosystems, the atmosphere is still an underexplored environment for microbial diversity. In this study, we surveyed the composition, variability and sources of microbes (bacteria and fungi) in the near surface atmosphere of a highly populated area, spanning ~ 4,000 Km2 around the city center of Madrid (Spain), in different seasonal periods along two years. We found a core of abundant bacterial genera robust across space and time, most of soil origin, while fungi were more sensitive to environmental conditions. Microbial communities showed clear seasonal patterns driven by variability of environmental factors, mainly temperature and accumulated rain, while local sources played a minor role. We also identified taxa in both groups characteristic of seasonal periods, but not of specific sampling sites or plant coverage. The present study suggests that the near surface atmosphere of urban environments contains an ecosystem stable across relatively large spatial and temporal scales, with a rather homogenous composition, modulated by climatic variations. As such, it contributes to our understanding of the long-term changes associated to the human exposome in the air of highly populated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Núñez
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana M García
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego A Moreno
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (FF-UCLM), Albacete, Spain.
| | - Raúl Guantes
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Science Institute 'Nicolás Cabrera', Science Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Condensed Matter Physics (IFIMAC), Science Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Palladino G, Morozzi P, Biagi E, Brattich E, Turroni S, Rampelli S, Tositti L, Candela M. Particulate matter emission sources and meteorological parameters combine to shape the airborne bacteria communities in the Ligurian coast, Italy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:175. [PMID: 33420408 PMCID: PMC7794459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the present study is to explore how the chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) and meteorological conditions combine in shaping the air microbiome in Savona (Italy), a medium-size, heavily inhabited urban settlement, hosting a wide range of industrial activities. In particular, the air microbiome and PM10 were monitored over six months in 2012. During that time, the air microbiome was highly dynamic, fluctuating between different compositional states, likely resulting from the aerosolization of different microbiomes emission sources. According to our findings, this dynamic process depends on the combination of local meteorological parameters and particle emission sources, which may affect the prevalent aerosolized microbiomes, thus representing further fundamental tools for source apportionment in a holistic approach encompassing chemical as well as microbiological pollution. In particular, we showed that, in the investigated area, industrial emissions and winds blowing from the inlands combine with an airborne microbiome which include faecal microbiomes components, suggesting multiple citizens' exposure to both chemicals and microorganisms of faecal origin, as related to landscape exploitation and population density. In conclusion, our findings support the need to include monitoring of the air microbiome compositional structure as a relevant factor for the final assessment of local air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Palladino
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy ,Fano Marine Center (FMC), Viale Adriatico 1, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Pietro Morozzi
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Biagi
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy ,Fano Marine Center (FMC), Viale Adriatico 1, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Erika Brattich
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Tositti
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy ,Fano Marine Center (FMC), Viale Adriatico 1, 61032 Fano, Italy
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23
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Haas D, Kriso A, Fritz T, Galler H, Habib J, Ilieva M, Kropsch M, Ofner-Kopeinig P, Stonitsch M, Strasser A, Zentner E, Reinthaler FF. Background Concentrations of Cultivable, Mesophilic Bacteria and Dust Particles in the Air in Urban, Rural and Mountain Regions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249572. [PMID: 33371355 PMCID: PMC7767401 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Particulate air components can be of anthropogenic or natural origin. It is assumed that in different geographical areas varying concentrations of mesophilic bacteria are present in the ambient air. The aim of this study was to determine the background concentrations of airborne culturable mesophilic bacteria and particulate matter in the ambient air. Furthermore, the association between their concentrations and some environmental factors was analysed. In the period from July to October 2019, concentrations of mesophilic bacteria and dust particles were measured in urban, rural and mountain areas using the single-stage air sampler and the particle counter. The concentrations of bacteria and dust particles in the air were counted as number of Colony Forming Units per cubic metre (CFU/m3) and particles per cubic metre (pa/m3). Staphylococcus sp. were identified. The median values of the cultivated mesophilic bacteria at 30 °C and 37 °C were 7.1 × 102 CFU/m3 and 2.3 × 101 CFU/m3 in mountain regions, 1.3 × 102 CFU/m3 and 6.9 × 101 CFU/m3 in rural regions and 2.1 × 102 CFU/m3 and 6.5 × 101 CFU/m3 in urban regions. The median of Staphylococcus sp. was 2.5 × 100 CFU/m3 in alpine areas and 7.5 × 100 CFU/m3 in urban and rural areas. Higher bacterial concentrations were measured in sunshine and in windy weather. A relationship was observed between the concentrations of airborne mesophilic bacteria and the coarse particles in all three areas. The present study determined values between 5.0 × 100 and 4.6 × 102 CFU/m3 as natural background concentrations of airborne mesophilic bacteria and 1.2 × 107 pa/m3 and 6.5 × 104 pa/m3 for fine and coarse particles, respectively. These results can be proposed as baseline for the assessment of the emission sources of mesophilic bacteria for summer and early autumn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Haas
- D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.K.); (T.F.); (H.G.); (J.H.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Angela Kriso
- D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.K.); (T.F.); (H.G.); (J.H.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.R.)
| | - Theresa Fritz
- D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.K.); (T.F.); (H.G.); (J.H.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.R.)
| | - Herbert Galler
- D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.K.); (T.F.); (H.G.); (J.H.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.R.)
| | - Juliana Habib
- D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.K.); (T.F.); (H.G.); (J.H.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.R.)
| | - Mihaela Ilieva
- D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.K.); (T.F.); (H.G.); (J.H.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.R.)
| | - Michael Kropsch
- Agricultural Research and Education Center Raumberg Gumpenstein, 8952 Irdning, Austria; (M.K.); (E.Z.)
| | - Petra Ofner-Kopeinig
- Institute for Medical Informatics Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Martin Stonitsch
- D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.K.); (T.F.); (H.G.); (J.H.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.R.)
| | - Andreas Strasser
- D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.K.); (T.F.); (H.G.); (J.H.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.R.)
| | - Eduard Zentner
- Agricultural Research and Education Center Raumberg Gumpenstein, 8952 Irdning, Austria; (M.K.); (E.Z.)
| | - Franz F. Reinthaler
- D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.K.); (T.F.); (H.G.); (J.H.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.R.)
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Gusareva ES, Gaultier NPE, Premkrishnan BNV, Kee C, Lim SBY, Heinle CE, Purbojati RW, Nee AP, Lohar SR, Yanqing K, Kharkov VN, Drautz-Moses DI, Stepanov VA, Schuster SC. Taxonomic composition and seasonal dynamics of the air microbiome in West Siberia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21515. [PMID: 33299064 PMCID: PMC7726148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe taxonomical composition, as well as seasonal and diel dynamics of airborne microbial communities in West Siberia. A total of 78 airborne biomass samples from 39 time intervals were analysed, within a temperature range of 48 °C (26 °C to - 22 °C). We observed a 5-170-fold decrease in DNA yield extracted from the airborne biomass in winter compared to summer, nevertheless, yielding sufficient material for metagenomic analysis. The airborne microbial communities included Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota fungi as major components, as well as some Streptophyta plants. In summer, bacterial and fungal plant pathogens, and wood-rotting saprophytes were predominant. In winter, Ascomycota moulds and cold-related or stress environment bacterial species were enriched, while the fraction of wood-rotting and mushroom-forming Basidiomycota fungi was largely reduced. As recently reported for the tropical climate, the airborne microbial communities performed a diel cycle in summer, however, in winter diel dynamics were not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Gusareva
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
| | - Nicolas P E Gaultier
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Balakrishnan N V Premkrishnan
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Carmon Kee
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Serene Boon Yuean Lim
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Cassie E Heinle
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Rikky W Purbojati
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Ang Poh Nee
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Sachin R Lohar
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Koh Yanqing
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Vladimir N Kharkov
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation, 634050
| | - Daniela I Drautz-Moses
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Vadim A Stepanov
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation, 634050
| | - Stephan C Schuster
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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25
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Ruiz-Gil T, Acuña JJ, Fujiyoshi S, Tanaka D, Noda J, Maruyama F, Jorquera MA. Airborne bacterial communities of outdoor environments and their associated influencing factors. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106156. [PMID: 33039877 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial entities (such bacteria, fungi, archaea and viruses) within outdoor aerosols have been scarcely studied compared with indoor aerosols and nonbiological components, and only during the last few decades have their studies increased. Bacteria represent an important part of the microbial abundance and diversity in a wide variety of rural and urban outdoor bioaerosols. Currently, airborne bacterial communities are mainly sampled in two aerosol size fractions (2.5 and 10 µm) and characterized by culture-dependent (plate-counting) and culture-independent (DNA sequencing) approaches. Studies have revealed a large diversity of bacteria in bioaerosols, highlighting Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes as ubiquitous phyla. Seasonal variations in and dispersion of bacterial communities have also been observed between geographical locations as has their correlation with specific atmospheric factors. Several investigations have also suggested the relevance of airborne bacteria in the public health and agriculture sectors as well as remediation and atmospheric processes. However, although factors influencing airborne bacterial communities and standardized procedures for their assessment have recently been proposed, the use of bacterial taxa as microbial indicators of specific bioaerosol sources and seasonality have not been broadly explored. Thus, in this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in the study of airborne bacterial communities in outdoor environments and the possible factors influencing their abundance, diversity, and seasonal variation. Furthermore, airborne bacterial activity and bioprospecting in different fields (e.g., the textile industry, the food industry, medicine, and bioremediation) are discussed. We expect that this review will reveal the relevance and influencing factors of airborne bacteria in outdoor environments as well as stimulate new investigations on the atmospheric microbiome, particularly in areas where air quality is a public concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tay Ruiz-Gil
- Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jacquelinne J Acuña
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Network for Extreme Environment Research (NEXER), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Center for Holobiome and Built Environment (CHOBE), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - So Fujiyoshi
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Network for Extreme Environment Research (NEXER), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Microbial Genomics and Ecology, Office of Industry-Academia-Government and Community Collaboration, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Center for Holobiome and Built Environment (CHOBE), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Jun Noda
- Center for Holobiome and Built Environment (CHOBE), Hiroshima University, Japan; Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Fumito Maruyama
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Network for Extreme Environment Research (NEXER), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Microbial Genomics and Ecology, Office of Industry-Academia-Government and Community Collaboration, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Center for Holobiome and Built Environment (CHOBE), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Milko A Jorquera
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Network for Extreme Environment Research (NEXER), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Center for Holobiome and Built Environment (CHOBE), Hiroshima University, Japan.
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26
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Reis MP, Suhadolnik MLS, Dias MF, Ávila MP, Motta AM, Barbosa FAR, Nascimento AMA. Characterizing a riverine microbiome impacted by extreme disturbance caused by a mining sludge tsunami. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126584. [PMID: 32278186 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies on disturbance events in riverine systems caused by environmental disasters and their effects on microbial diversity are scarce. Here, we evaluated the impact of the collapse of an iron ore dam holding approximately 50 million cubic meters of waste on both water and sediment microbiomes by deeply sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Samples were taken from two impacted rivers and one reference river 7, 30 and 150 days postdisturbance. The impacted community structure changed greatly over spatiotemporal scales, being less diverse and more uneven, particularly on day 7 for the do Carmo River (the closest to the dam). However, the reference community structure remained similar between sampling events. Moreover, the impacted sediments were positively correlated with metals. The taxa abundance varied greatly over spatiotemporal scales, allowing for the identification of several potential bioindicators, e.g., Comamonadaceae, Novosphingobium, Sediminibacterium and Bacteriovorax. Our results showed that the impacted communities consisted mostly of Fe(II) oxidizers and Fe(III) reducers, aromatic compound degraders and predator bacteria. Network analysis showed a highly interconnected microbiome whose interactions switched from positive to negative or vice versa between the impacted and reference communities. This work revealed potential molecular signatures associated with the rivers heavily impacted by metals that might be useful sentinels for predicting riverine health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P Reis
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Luíza S Suhadolnik
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marcela F Dias
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marcelo P Ávila
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Amanda M Motta
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Francisco A R Barbosa
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Andréa M A Nascimento
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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Núñez A, Moreno DA. The Differential Vertical Distribution of the Airborne Biological Particles Reveals an Atmospheric Reservoir of Microbial Pathogens and Aeroallergens. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 80:322-333. [PMID: 32221644 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01505-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The most abundant biological particles present in the air are bacteria, fungal propagules and pollen grains. Many of them are proved allergens or even responsible for airborne infectious diseases, which supports the increase of studies in recent years on their composition, diversity, and factors involved in their variability. However, most studies in urban areas are conducted close to ground level and a factor such as height is rarely taken into account. Thus, the information about how the composition of biological particles changes with this variable is scarce. Here, we examined the differential distribution of bacteria, fungi, and plants at four altitudes (up to ∼ 250 m) in a metropolitan area using high-throughput DNA sequencing. Most taxa were present at all levels (common taxa). However, a transitional layer between 80 and 150 m seemed to affect the scattering of these bioaerosols. Taxa not present at all altitudes (non-common) showed an upward tendency of diversity for bacteria and plants with height, while the opposite trend was observed for fungi. Certain patterns were observed for fungi and specific plant genera, while bacterial taxa showed a more arbitrary distribution and no patterns were found. We detected a wide variety of aeroallergens and potential pathogens at all heights, which summed a substantial portion of the total abundance for fungi and plants. We also identified potential connections between the biological particles based on their abundances across the vertical section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Núñez
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego A Moreno
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006, Madrid, Spain.
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (FF-UCLM), Avda. Dr. José María Sánchez Ibáñez s/n, E-02008, Albacete, Spain.
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28
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Comunian S, Dongo D, Milani C, Palestini P. Air Pollution and Covid-19: The Role of Particulate Matter in the Spread and Increase of Covid-19's Morbidity and Mortality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4487. [PMID: 32580440 PMCID: PMC7345938 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sars-cov-2 virus (Covid-19) is a member of the coronavirus family and is responsible for the pandemic recently declared by the World Health Organization. A positive correlation has been observed between the spread of the virus and air pollution, one of the greatest challenges of our millennium. Covid-19 could have an air transmission and atmospheric particulate matter (PM) could create a suitable environment for transporting the virus at greater distances than those considered for close contact. Moreover, PM induces inflammation in lung cells and exposure to PM could increase the susceptibility and severity of the Covid-19 patient symptoms. The new coronavirus has been shown to trigger an inflammatory storm that would be sustained in the case of pre-exposure to polluting agents. In this review, we highlight the potential role of PM in the spread of Covid-19, focusing on Italian cities whose PM daily concentrations were found to be higher than the annual average allowed during the months preceding the epidemic. Furthermore, we analyze the positive correlation between the virus spread, PM, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor involved in the entry of the virus into pulmonary cells and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Comunian
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Chiara Milani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
- NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Paola Palestini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
- NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- POLARIS Research Centre, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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29
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Guo J, Xiong Y, Shi C, Liu C, Li H, Qian H, Sun Z, Qin C. Characteristics of airborne bacterial communities in indoor and outdoor environments during continuous haze events in Beijing: Implications for health care. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105721. [PMID: 32305743 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is solid evidence that haze pollution threatens human health owing to the abiotic pollutants it contains. However, the characteristics of airborne bacterial communities in indoor and outdoor environments exhibiting haze occurrence are still unknown. Thus, we examined variations in both indoor and outdoor airborne bacterial communities in Beijing from December 9-27, 2016, a period which included three haze events. The outdoor airborne bacterial communities were clustered into two main groups (Groups I and II), and they shifted between two typical bacterial communities regardless of the haze event. The Chao1, Shannon, and phylogenetic diversity indexes and abundance of dominant classes changed significantly, as did airborne bacterial community type. The indoor airborne bacterial community closely tracked the outdoor bacterial community type, forming two obvious groups supported by Adonis analysis, changes in dominant classes, and bacterial diversity compared to the outdoor group. Furthermore, we found that the airborne bacterial community type could affect the morbidity of respiratory diseases. Daily pneumonia cases were significantly higher in Group I (p = 0.035), whereas daily amygdalitis cases were significantly higher in Group II (p = 0.025). Interestingly, the enriched classes in the indoor environment were quite different from those in the typical airborne bacterial community environment, except for Clostridia, which had significantly higher abundance in both indoor environments. In conclusion, we found that the two indoor and outdoor airborne bacterial community types changed independently of haze events, and the special airborne bacterial community type was closely related to the incidence of pneumonia in the heavy haze season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine (The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC), Beijing 100021, China; Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Changhua Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine (The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC), Beijing 100021, China; Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ce Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital, Affiliated with Tsinghua University, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine (The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC), Beijing 100021, China; Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zongke Sun
- National Institute of Environmental Health, China CDC, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine (The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC), Beijing 100021, China; Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100021, China.
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30
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Abstract
We found that the summer airborne bacterial community in the marine boundary layer over the Southern Ocean directly south of Australia is dominated by marine bacteria emitted in sea spray, originating primarily from the west in a zonal band at the latitude of collection. We found that airborne communities were more diverse to the north, and much less so toward Antarctica. These results imply that sea spray sources largely control the number concentrations of nuclei for liquid cloud droplets and limit ice nucleating particle concentrations to the low values expected in nascent sea spray. In the sampled region, the sources of summer cloud-active particles therefore are unlikely to have changed in direct response to perturbations in continental anthropogenic emissions. Microorganisms are ubiquitous and highly diverse in the atmosphere. Despite the potential impacts of airborne bacteria found in the lower atmosphere over the Southern Ocean (SO) on the ecology of Antarctica and on marine cloud phase, no previous region-wide assessment of bioaerosols over the SO has been reported. We conducted bacterial profiling of boundary layer shipboard aerosol samples obtained during an Austral summer research voyage, spanning 42.8 to 66.5°S. Contrary to findings over global subtropical regions and the Northern Hemisphere, where transport of microorganisms from continents often controls airborne communities, the great majority of the bacteria detected in our samples were marine, based on taxonomy, back trajectories, and source tracking analysis. Further, the beta diversity of airborne bacterial communities varied with latitude and temperature, but not with other meteorological variables. Limited meridional airborne transport restricts southward community dispersal, isolating Antarctica and inhibiting microorganism and nutrient deposition from lower latitudes to these same regions. A consequence and implication for this region’s marine boundary layer and the clouds that overtop it is that it is truly pristine, free from continental and anthropogenic influences, with the ocean as the dominant source controlling low-level concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles.
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Colaço M, Duarte A, Zuzarte M, Costa BFO, Borges O. Airborne environmental fine particles induce intense inflammatory response regardless of the absence of heavy metal elements. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 195:110500. [PMID: 32222596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Airborne environmental particles (EP) more commonly referred as particulate matter (PM) are an illustrative marker of air pollution that is associated with adverse effects on human health. Considering, PM is a complex mixture, not only in terms of its chemical composition, but also in the range of particle size, it is difficult to identify which attribute contributes more for the toxicity. Currently, there is no report about the immunotoxicological effects caused by PM with reduced content of heavy metals. This study intends to address this gap and provides a detailed characterization and immunotoxicity evaluation of PM collected in an urban area with heavy traffic congestion. Environmental particles were separated by different sizes though a sucrose gradient. This method allowed to achieve 4 sized fractions: EP f 15 % with a mean diameter of 284 nm ± 1.86 nm, EP f 25 % with a mean diameter of 461 nm ± 1.72 nm, EP f 35 % with a mean diameter of 1845 nm ± 251 nm and EP f 45 % with a mean diameter of 2204 nm ± 310 nm. Only the fractions with the smallest sizes (EP f 15 % and EP f 25 %) were subsequently studied. The chemical composition of both fractions was not substantially different, and the dominant elements were C, O, Ca and K. Only EP f 25 % showed to have a small amount of Fe. Therefore, the heavy metal elements were eliminated through centrifugation. Essentially, we found that the EP f 15 % was more cytotoxic in RAW 264.7 cells than EP f 25 %, which indicates the smaller size as the motive for the higher toxicity. In addition, both fractions of EP presented a good internalization in macrophages after 2 h exposure and induced the production of reactive oxygen species in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, EP f 15 % and EP f 25 % led to a strong secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) in the 3 concentrations tested. The inflammatory response observed was independent of the presence of heavy metals and endotoxins, since these last were suppressed by using polymyxin B sulfate. This report emphasizes the importance of an adequate physicochemical characterization and adequate controls in the experiments to achieve a right interpretation of the biological effects caused by PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Colaço
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alana Duarte
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mónica Zuzarte
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Benilde F O Costa
- CFisUC, Physics Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-516, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Olga Borges
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Els N, Greilinger M, Reisecker M, Tignat-Perrier R, Baumann-Stanzer K, Kasper-Giebl A, Sattler B, Larose C. Comparison of Bacterial and Fungal Composition and Their Chemical Interaction in Free Tropospheric Air and Snow Over an Entire Winter Season at Mount Sonnblick, Austria. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:980. [PMID: 32508790 PMCID: PMC7251065 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the interactions of air and snow over one entire winter accumulation period as well as the importance of chemical markers in a pristine free-tropospheric environment to explain variation in a microbiological dataset. To overcome the limitations of short term bioaerosol sampling, we sampled the atmosphere continuously onto quartzfiber air filters using a DIGITEL high volume PM10 sampler. The bacterial and fungal communities, sequenced using Illumina MiSeq, as well as the chemical components of the atmosphere were compared to those of a late season snow profile. Results reveal strong dynamics in the composition of bacterial and fungal communities in air and snow. In fall the two compartments were similar, suggesting a strong interaction between them. The overlap diminished as the season progressed due to an evolution within the snowpack throughout winter and spring. Certain bacterial and fungal genera were only detected in air samples, which implies that a distinct air microbiome might exist. These organisms are likely not incorporated in clouds and thus not precipitated or scavenged in snow. Although snow appears to be seeded by the atmosphere, both air and snow showed differing bacterial and fungal communities and chemical composition. Season and alpha diversity were major drivers for microbial variability in snow and air, and only a few chemical markers were identified as important in explaining microbial diversity. Air microbial community variation was more related to chemical markers than snow microbial composition. For air microbial communities Cl–, TC/OC, SO42–, Mg2+, and Fe/Al, all compounds related to dust or anthropogenic activities, were identified as related to bacterial variability while dust related Ca2+ was significant in snow. The only common driver for snow and air was SO42–, a tracer for anthropogenic sources. The occurrence of chemical compounds was coupled with boundary layer injections in the free troposphere (FT). Boundary layer injections also caused the observed variations in community composition and chemistry between the two compartments. Long-term monitoring is required for a more valid insight in post-depositional selection in snow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Els
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marion Greilinger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG), Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Reisecker
- Avalanche Warning Service Tyrol, Department of Civil Protection, Federal State Government of Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Romie Tignat-Perrier
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Écully, France
| | | | - Anne Kasper-Giebl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Sattler
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Écully, France
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Tignat-Perrier R, Dommergue A, Thollot A, Magand O, Amato P, Joly M, Sellegri K, Vogel TM, Larose C. Seasonal shift in airborne microbial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137129. [PMID: 32044476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms are ubiquitous in the atmosphere. Global investigations on the geographical and temporal distribution of airborne microbial communities are critical for identifying the sources and the factors shaping airborne communities. At mid-latitude sites, a seasonal shift in both the concentration and diversity of airborne microbial communities has been systematically observed in the planetary boundary layer. While the factors suspected of affecting this seasonal change were hypothesized (e.g., changes in the surface conditions, meteorological parameters and global air circulation), our understanding on how these factors influence the temporal variation of airborne microbial communities, especially at the microbial taxon level, remains limited. Here, we investigated the distribution of both airborne bacterial and fungal communities on a weekly basis over more than one year at the mid-latitude and continental site of puy de Dôme (France; +1465 m altitude above sea level). The seasonal shift in microbial community structure was likely correlated to the seasonal changes in the characteristics of puy de Dôme's landscape (croplands and natural vegetation). The airborne microbial taxa that were the most affected by seasonal changes trended differently throughout the seasons in relation with their trophic mode. In addition, the windy and variable local meteorological conditions found at puy de Dôme were likely responsible for the intraseasonal variability observed in the composition of airborne microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romie Tignat-Perrier
- Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France; Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS UMR 5005 Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Écully, France.
| | - Aurélien Dommergue
- Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Alban Thollot
- Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Magand
- Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Amato
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6096 Université Clermont Auvergne-Sigma, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Muriel Joly
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6096 Université Clermont Auvergne-Sigma, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Karine Sellegri
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6096 Université Clermont Auvergne-Sigma, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS UMR 5005 Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Écully, France
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS UMR 5005 Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Écully, France
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Liu W, Zhou Y, Qin Y, Yu L, Li R, Chen Y, Xu Y. Effects of PM 2.5 exposure during gestation on maternal gut microbiota and pregnancy outcomes. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125879. [PMID: 31935575 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have reported that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Moreover, PM2.5 exposure contributes to changes of gut microbiota. However, influences of PM2.5 exposure during gestation on maternal gut microbiota and pregnancy outcomes were not well understood. Here we performed a study using mice models. Dams were exposed to PM2.5 suspension by intratracheal instillation on gestational day (GD) 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15. Pregnancy outcomes, maternal gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids on GD 18 were all measured. The fetal body weight of PM2.5 group was significantly lower than that of control group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the fetal body length of PM2.5 group was significantly shorter than that of control group (p < 0.05). The Shannon or Simpson index of PM2.5 group were higher than that of control group (p < 0.05). At the phyla level, compared to dams in control group, mice in the PM2.5 group had higher ratio of phyla Proteobacteria, Candidatus Saccharibacteria and Fusobacteria and lower ratio of phyla Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Deferribacteres in the gut. Compared with control group, the concentration of isobutyric acid was higher in PM2.5 group, but butyric acid concentration was lower in PM2.5 group (p < 0.05). These findings suggested that prenatal exposure to PM2.5 had an effect on birth weight of fetus. Meanwhile, PM2.5 tracheal exposure during gestation caused changes in the distribution and structure of gut microbiota of dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yalin Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lanlan Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruijun Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yajun Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Tang Q, Huang K, Liu J, Shen D, Dai P, Li Y, Li C. Seasonal variations of microbial assemblage in fine particulate matter from a nursery pig house. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:134921. [PMID: 31771854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The microorganisms contained in PM2.5 from livestock houses can spread over long distances through airborne transmission. As such, the potential bacterial pathogens and fungal allergens within can pose a formidable threat to nearby residents' health and the overall environment. However, little is known about the microbial assemblage contained in PM2.5 from pig houses. In this study, 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to analyze the bacterial and fungal assemblage contained in PM2.5 from a nursery pig house across four seasons, respectively. The results showed that alpha diversity was higher in summer and autumn compared to the spring and winter. The bacterial and fungal assemblage varied according to season. At the phylum level, the dominant bacteria and fungi were Firmicutes and Basidiomycota, respectively, across the four seasons. At the genus level, a total of five potential bacterial pathogen and 20 potential fungal allergen genera were identified across the samples. The most abundant bacterial pathogen and fungal allergen genera were observed in summer and autumn, respectively, but neither had a significant correlation with PM2.5 concentration. Moreover, microbial diversity and the relative abundance of fungal allergen genera were positively correlated with temperature and relative humidity. It can be concluded that microbial diversity and assemblage varied significantly among the seasons in a nursery pig house, and this can be useful in exploring the potential risks of PM2.5 from pig houses across all four seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junze Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pengyuan Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yansen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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36
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Li CI, Pai JY, Chen CH. Characterization of smoke generated during the use of surgical knife in laparotomy surgeries. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2020; 70:324-332. [PMID: 31961784 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1717675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The staff in hospitals is the high-risk group affected by indoor air pollution for operational reasons. However, there is a lack of relevant information and research on surgical smoke in Taiwan. This study analyses the substance of the smoke and develops relative strategies to prevent harm from the working place. This study aims to evaluate the surgical smoke generated during laparotomy and laparoscopic operation. The relationship between smoke and the risk of health-care workers was also discussed in order to set suitable solutions for smoke collection and emission. The study measured surgical smoke of 30 cases in operating rooms in three different hospitals, smoke was collected at different timings and different areas during the operation using a low-flow sampler. The concentration and accumulation number of size 0.3 μm suspended particles were the highest among all size of particles in different detection areas and timing. The concentration number of 0.3 μm and 0.5 μm particles reached the maximum after 10 min of electrosurgical treatment; however, the concentration number of 5 μm particles began to decrease after 5-15 min of the treatment. Besides, the cumulative particle numbers of 0.3 μm and 0.5 μm in laparoscopic operation were higher than those of laparotomy after 10 min of the treatment. This study suggests that surgical smoke prevention should use smoke evacuator; health-care workers should also wear a highly efficient tight seal-fit mask in the operating room to avoid damage to their health and cause chronic diseases.Implications: Indoor air pollution in medical institutions is a topic of less concern, and the health of healthcare workers is threatened by surgical smoke that generated during operations. This study measured and analyzed the harmful substances in the surgical smoke in the operating rooms of hospitals, and put forward the corresponding suggestions. In April 2018, legislators in Taiwan also convened a seminar on "Respiratory protection for operating room personnel in medical institutions". The seminar applied the findings of this study and adopted the recommendations to improve related equipment and strategies in future plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-I Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Jar-Yuan Pai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chun Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chancellor, Chun Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chun Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Perpetuini G, Prete R, Garcia-Gonzalez N, Khairul Alam M, Corsetti A. Table Olives More than a Fermented Food. Foods 2020; 9:E178. [PMID: 32059387 PMCID: PMC7073621 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Table olives are one of the oldest vegetable fermented foods in the Mediterranean area. Beside their economic impact, fermented table olives represent also an important healthy food in the Mediterranean diet, because of their high content of bioactive and health-promoting compounds. However, olive fermentation is still craft-based following traditional processes, which can lead to a not fully predictable final product with the risk of spontaneous alterations. Nowadays, food industries have to face consumer demands for safe and healthy products. This review offers an overview about the main technologies used for olive fermentation and the role of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts characterizing this niche during the fermentation. Particular attention is offered to the selection and use of microorganisms as starter cultures to fasten and improve the safety of table olives. The development and implementation of multifunctional starter cultures in order to obtain heath-oriented table olives is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aldo Corsetti
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 641000 Teramo, Italy; (G.P.); (R.P.); (N.G.-G.); (M.K.A.)
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Tapparo A, Di Marco V, Badocco D, D'Aronco S, Soldà L, Pastore P, Mahon BM, Kalberer M, Giorio C. Formation of metal-organic ligand complexes affects solubility of metals in airborne particles at an urban site in the Po valley. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125025. [PMID: 31604190 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Metals in atmospheric aerosols play potentially an important role in human health and ocean primary productivity. However, the lack of knowledge about solubility and speciation of metal ions in the particles or after solubilisation in aqueous media (sea or surface waters, cloud or rain droplets, biological fluids) limits our understanding of the underlying physico-chemical processes. In this work, a wide range of metals, their soluble fractions, and inorganic/organic compounds contained in urban particulate matter (PM) from Padua (Italy) were determined. Metal solubility tests have been performed by dissolving the PM in water and in solutions simulating rain droplet composition. The water-soluble fractions of the metal ions and of the organic compounds having ligand properties have been subjected to a multivariate statistical procedure, in order to elucidate associations among the aqueous concentrations of these PM components in simulated rain droplets. In parallel, a multi-dimensional speciation calculation has been performed to identify the stoichiometry and the amount of metal-ligand complexes theoretically expected in aqueous solutions. Both approaches showed that the solubility and the aqueous speciation of metal ions were differently affected by the presence of inorganic and organic ligands in the PM. The solubility of Al, Cr, and Fe was strongly correlated to the concentrations of oxalic acid, as their oxalate complexes represented the expected dominant species in aqueous solutions. Oxalates of Al represented ∼98% of soluble Al, while oxalates of Cu represented 34-75% of the soluble Cu, and oxalates of Fe represented 76% of soluble Fe. The oxidation state of Fe can strongly impact the speciation picture. If Fe is present as Fe(II) rather than Fe(III), the amount of Cr and Cu complexed with diacids can increase from 75% to 94%, and from 32% to 53%, respectively. For other metals, the solubility depended on the formation of soluble aquo-complexes, hence with a scarce effect of the organic ligands. An iron-oxalate complex was also directly detected in aerosol sample extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tapparo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Denis Badocco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara D'Aronco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Lidia Soldà
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Brendan M Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Giorio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
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Karlsson E, Johansson AM, Ahlinder J, Lundkvist MJ, Singh NJ, Brodin T, Forsman M, Stenberg P. Airborne microbial biodiversity and seasonality in Northern and Southern Sweden. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8424. [PMID: 32025374 PMCID: PMC6991134 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are essential constituents of ecosystems. To improve our understanding of how various factors shape microbial diversity and composition in nature it is important to study how microorganisms vary in space and time. Factors shaping microbial communities in ground level air have been surveyed in a limited number of studies, indicating that geographic location, season and local climate influence the microbial communities. However, few have surveyed more than one location, at high latitude or continuously over more than a year. We surveyed the airborne microbial communities over two full consecutive years in Kiruna, in the Arctic boreal zone, and Ljungbyhed, in the Southern nemoral zone of Sweden, by using a unique collection of archived air filters. We mapped both geographic and seasonal differences in bacterial and fungal communities and evaluated environmental factors that may contribute to these differences and found that location, season and weather influence the airborne communities. Location had stronger influence on the bacterial community composition compared to season, while location and season had equal influence on the fungal community composition. However, the airborne bacterial and fungal diversity showed overall the same trend over the seasons, regardless of location, with a peak during the warmer parts of the year, except for the fungal seasonal trend in Ljungbyhed, which fluctuated more within season. Interestingly, the diversity and evenness of the airborne communities were generally lower in Ljungbyhed. In addition, both bacterial and fungal communities varied significantly within and between locations, where orders like Rhizobiales, Rhodospirillales and Agaricales dominated in Kiruna, whereas Bacillales, Clostridiales and Sordariales dominated in Ljungbyhed. These differences are a likely reflection of the landscape surrounding the sampling sites where the landscape in Ljungbyhed is more homogenous and predominantly characterized by artificial and agricultural surroundings. Our results further indicate that local landscape, as well as seasonal variation, shapes microbial communities in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Karlsson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Biological Agents, Division of CBRN Defense and Security, Swedish Defense Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Jon Ahlinder
- Department of Biological Agents, Division of CBRN Defense and Security, Swedish Defense Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Moa J Lundkvist
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Navinder J Singh
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats Forsman
- Department of Biological Agents, Division of CBRN Defense and Security, Swedish Defense Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Stenberg
- Department of Biological Agents, Division of CBRN Defense and Security, Swedish Defense Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Accessing the Life in Smoke: A New Application of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) to Sample Wildland Fire Bioaerosol Emissions and Their Environment. FIRE-SWITZERLAND 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fire2040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wildland fire is a major producer of aerosols from combustion of vegetation and soils, but little is known about the abundance and composition of smoke’s biological content. Bioaerosols, or aerosols derived from biological sources, may be a significant component of the aerosol load vectored in wildland fire smoke. If bioaerosols are injected into the upper troposphere via high-intensity wildland fires and transported across continents, there may be consequences for the ecosystems they reach. Such transport would also alter the concept of a wildfire’s perimeter and the disturbance domain of its impact. Recent research has revealed that viable microorganisms are directly aerosolized during biomass combustion, but sampling systems and methodology for quantifying this phenomenon are poorly developed. Using a series of prescribed fires in frequently burned forest ecosystems, we report the results of employing a small rotary-wing unmanned aircraft system (UAS) to concurrently sample aerosolized bacteria and fungi, particulate matter, and micrometeorology in smoke plumes versus background conditions. Airborne impaction-based bioaerosol sampling indicated that microbial composition differed between background air and smoke, with seven unique organisms in smoke vs. three in background air. The air temperature was negatively correlated with the number of fungal colony-forming units detected. Our results demonstrate the utility of a UAS-based sampling platform for active sampling of viable aerosolized microbes in smoke arising from wildland fires. This methodology can be extended to sample viable microbes in a wide variety of emissions sampling pursuits, especially those in hazardous and inaccessible environments.
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Hui N, Parajuli A, Puhakka R, Grönroos M, Roslund MI, Vari HK, Selonen VAO, Yan G, Siter N, Nurminen N, Oikarinen S, Laitinen OH, Rajaniemi J, Hyöty H, Sinkkonen A. Temporal variation in indoor transfer of dirt-associated environmental bacteria in agricultural and urban areas. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 132:105069. [PMID: 31400602 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
An agricultural environment and exposure to diverse environmental microbiota has been suggested to confer protection against immune-mediated disorders. As an agricultural environment may have a protective role, it is crucial to determine whether the limiting factors in the transfer of environmental microbiota indoors are the same in the agricultural and urban environments. We explored how sampling month, garden diversity and animal ownership affected the indoor-transfer of environmental microbial community. We collected litter from standardized doormats used for 2 weeks in June and August 2015 and February 2016 and identified bacterial phylotypes using 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing. In February, the diversity and richness of the whole bacterial community and the relative abundance of environment-associated taxa were reduced, whereas human-associated taxa and genera containing opportunistic pathogens were enriched in the doormats. In summer, the relative abundances of several taxa associated previously with beneficial health effects were higher, particularly in agricultural areas. Surprisingly, the importance of vegetation on doormat microbiota was more observable in February, which may have resulted from snow cover that prevented contact with microbes in soil. Animal ownership increased the prevalence of genera Bacteroides and Acinetobacter in rural doormats. These findings underline the roles of season, living environment and lifestyle in the temporal variations in the environmental microbial community carried indoors. As reduced contact with diverse microbiota is a potential reason for immune system dysfunction, the results may have important implications in the etiology of immune-mediated, non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hui
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Anirudra Parajuli
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland.
| | - Riikka Puhakka
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Mira Grönroos
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Marja I Roslund
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Heli K Vari
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Ville A O Selonen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Guoyang Yan
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Nathan Siter
- Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli H Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juho Rajaniemi
- Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland.
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Microbial communities in the tropical air ecosystem follow a precise diel cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23299-23308. [PMID: 31659049 PMCID: PMC6859341 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908493116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript describes a precise diel cycle carried out by airborne microbiota in the tropics. 795 metagenomes from air samples taken from a single site show that fungi, bacteria, and plants all adhere to a specific timing for their presence in the near-surface atmosphere. The airborne community composition thereby shows an unexpected robustness, with the majority of the dynamics in taxa composition occurring within 24 h, but not across days, weeks, or months. Environmental parameters are the main drivers for the observed phenomenon, with temperature being the most important one. The atmosphere is vastly underexplored as a habitable ecosystem for microbial organisms. In this study, we investigated 795 time-resolved metagenomes from tropical air, generating 2.27 terabases of data. Despite only 9 to 17% of the generated sequence data currently being assignable to taxa, the air harbored a microbial diversity that rivals the complexity of other planetary ecosystems. The airborne microbial organisms followed a clear diel cycle, possibly driven by environmental factors. Interday taxonomic diversity exceeded day-to-day and month-to-month variation. Environmental time series revealed the existence of a large core of microbial taxa that remained invariable over 13 mo, thereby underlining the long-term robustness of the airborne community structure. Unlike terrestrial or aquatic environments, where prokaryotes are prevalent, the tropical airborne biomass was dominated by DNA from eukaryotic phyla. Specific fungal and bacterial species were strongly correlated with temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration, making them suitable biomarkers for studying the bioaerosol dynamics of the atmosphere.
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43
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Uetake J, Tobo Y, Uji Y, Hill TCJ, DeMott PJ, Kreidenweis SM, Misumi R. Seasonal Changes of Airborne Bacterial Communities Over Tokyo and Influence of Local Meteorology. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1572. [PMID: 31379765 DOI: 10.1101/542001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to study airborne bacterial community dynamics over Tokyo, including fine-scale correlations between airborne microorganisms and meteorological conditions, and the influence of local versus long-range transport of microbes, air samples were collected on filters for periods ranging from 48 to 72 h. The diversity of the microbial community was assessed by next generation sequencing. Predicted source regions of airborne particles, from back trajectory analyses, changed abruptly from the Pacific Ocean to the Eurasian Continent in the beginning of October. However, the microbial community composition and the alpha and beta diversities were not affected by this shift in meteorological regime, suggesting that long-range transport from oceanic or continental sources was not the principal determinant controlling the local airborne microbiome. By contrast, we found a significant correlation between the local meteorology, especially relative humidity and wind speed, and both alpha diversity and beta diversity. Among four potential local source categories (soil, bay seawater, river, and pond), bay seawater and soil were identified as constant and predominant sources. Statistical analyses point toward humidity as the most influential meteorological factor, most likely because it is correlated with soil moisture and hence negatively correlated with the dispersal of particles from the land surface. In this study, we have demonstrated the benefits of fine-scale temporal analyses for understanding the sources and relationships with the meteorology of Tokyo's "aerobiome."
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Uetake
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tobo
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Japan
- Department of Polar Science, School of Multidisciplinary Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tachikawa, Japan
| | - Yasushi Uji
- National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, Storm, Flood and Landslide Research Division, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Thomas C J Hill
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Paul J DeMott
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sonia M Kreidenweis
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Ryohei Misumi
- National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, Storm, Flood and Landslide Research Division, Tsukuba, Japan
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Uetake J, Tobo Y, Uji Y, Hill TCJ, DeMott PJ, Kreidenweis SM, Misumi R. Seasonal Changes of Airborne Bacterial Communities Over Tokyo and Influence of Local Meteorology. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1572. [PMID: 31379765 PMCID: PMC6646838 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study airborne bacterial community dynamics over Tokyo, including fine-scale correlations between airborne microorganisms and meteorological conditions, and the influence of local versus long-range transport of microbes, air samples were collected on filters for periods ranging from 48 to 72 h. The diversity of the microbial community was assessed by next generation sequencing. Predicted source regions of airborne particles, from back trajectory analyses, changed abruptly from the Pacific Ocean to the Eurasian Continent in the beginning of October. However, the microbial community composition and the alpha and beta diversities were not affected by this shift in meteorological regime, suggesting that long-range transport from oceanic or continental sources was not the principal determinant controlling the local airborne microbiome. By contrast, we found a significant correlation between the local meteorology, especially relative humidity and wind speed, and both alpha diversity and beta diversity. Among four potential local source categories (soil, bay seawater, river, and pond), bay seawater and soil were identified as constant and predominant sources. Statistical analyses point toward humidity as the most influential meteorological factor, most likely because it is correlated with soil moisture and hence negatively correlated with the dispersal of particles from the land surface. In this study, we have demonstrated the benefits of fine-scale temporal analyses for understanding the sources and relationships with the meteorology of Tokyo’s “aerobiome.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Uetake
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.,National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tobo
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Japan.,Department of Polar Science, School of Multidisciplinary Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tachikawa, Japan
| | - Yasushi Uji
- National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, Storm, Flood and Landslide Research Division, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Thomas C J Hill
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Paul J DeMott
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sonia M Kreidenweis
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Ryohei Misumi
- National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, Storm, Flood and Landslide Research Division, Tsukuba, Japan
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45
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Šantl-Temkiv T, Gosewinkel U, Starnawski P, Lever M, Finster K. Aeolian dispersal of bacteria in southwest Greenland: their sources, abundance, diversity and physiological states. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 94:4898009. [PMID: 29481623 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arctic is undergoing dramatic climatic changes that cause profound transformations in its terrestrial ecosystems and consequently in the microbial communities that inhabit them. The assembly of these communities is affected by aeolian deposition. However, the abundance, diversity, sources and activity of airborne microorganisms in the Arctic are poorly understood. We studied bacteria in the atmosphere over southwest Greenland and found that the diversity of bacterial communities correlated positively with air temperature and negatively with relative humidity. The communities consisted of 1.3×103 ± 1.0×103 cells m-3, which were aerosolized from local terrestrial environments or transported from marine, glaciated and terrestrial surfaces over long distances. On average, airborne bacterial cells displayed a high activity potential, reflected in the high 16S rRNA copy number (590 ± 300 rRNA cell-1), that correlated positively with water vapor pressure. We observed that bacterial clades differed in their activity potential. For instance, a high activity potential was seen for Rubrobacteridae and Clostridiales, while a low activity potential was observed for Proteobacteria. Of those bacterial families that harbor ice-nucleation active species, which are known to facilitate freezing and may thus be involved in cloud and rain formation, cells with a high activity potential were rare in air, but were enriched in rain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Šantl-Temkiv
- Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Bioscience, Microbiology Section, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Gosewinkel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Piotr Starnawski
- Centre for Geomicrobiology, Aarhus University, 116 Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mark Lever
- Centre for Geomicrobiology, Aarhus University, 116 Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,ETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Universitätsstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kai Finster
- Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Bioscience, Microbiology Section, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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46
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Xu C, Wei M, Chen J, Zhu C, Li J, Xu X, Wang W, Zhang Q, Ding A, Kan H, Zhao Z, Mellouki A. Profile of inhalable bacteria in PM 2.5 at Mt. Tai, China: Abundance, community, and influence of air mass trajectories. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 168:110-119. [PMID: 30384158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are ubiquitous in the near-surface atmosphere where they constitute an important component of aerosols with the potential to affect climate change, ecosystems, atmospheric process and human health. Limitation in tracking bacterial diversity accurately has thus far prevented the knowledge of airborne bacteria and their pathogenic properties. We performed a comprehensive assessment of bacterial abundance and diverse community in PM2.5 collected at Mt. Tai, via high-throughput sequencing and real-time PCR. The samples exhibited a high microbial biodiversity and complex chemical composition. The dominating populations were gram-negative bacteria including Burkholderia, Delftia, Bradyrhizobium, and Methylobacterium. The PM mass concentration, chemical composition, bacterial concentration and community structure varied under the influence of different air-mass trajectories. The highest mass concentration of PM2.5 (61 μg m-3) and major chemical components were recorded during periods when marine southeasterly air masses were dominant. The local terrestrial air masses from Shandong peninsula and its adjacent areas harbored highest bacterial concentration loading (602 cells m-3) and more potential pathogens at the site. In contrast, samples influenced by the long-distance air flow from Siberia and Outer Mongolia were found to have a highest richness and diversity as an average, which was also marked by the increase of dust-associated bacteria (Brevibacillus and Staphylococcus). The primary research may serve as an important reference for the environmental microbiologist, health workers, and city planners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP, Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Min Wei
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP, Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250100, China; Institute for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Chao Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP, Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP, Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xianmang Xu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Aijun Ding
- Institute for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Abdelwahid Mellouki
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP, Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250100, China; Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement, CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
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47
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Fan S, Li X, Dong L. Field assessment of the effects of land-cover type and pattern on PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations in a microscale environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:2314-2327. [PMID: 30465245 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The microscale environment is a very important human-scale outdoor spatial unit. Aimed at investigating the effects of microscale land-cover type and pattern on levels of PM10 and PM2.5, we monitored PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations among different land-cover type and pattern sites through field measurements, during four seasons (December 2015 to November 2016) in Beijing, China. Differences of daily PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations among seven typical land-cover types, and correlations between daily two-sized PM levels and various microscale land-cover patterns as explained by landscape metrics were analyzed. Results show that concentrations of the two-sized particles had stable daytime and seasonal trends. During the four seasons, there were various differences in daily PM10 and PM2.5 levels among the seven land-cover types. Overall, bare soil always had the highest daily PM10 level, whereas high canopy density vegetation and water bodies had low levels. Maximum PM2.5 levels were always found in high canopy density vegetation. Moderate canopy density vegetation and water bodies had lower concentrations. Correlations between different landscape metrics and daily levels of two-sized PM varied by season. Metrics reflecting the dominance and distribution of land-cover classifications had closer relationships with particle concentrations in the microscale environment. The patterns of pavement along with low and moderate canopy density vegetation had a greater impact on PM10 level. The responses of PM2.5 level to patterns of building and low and moderate canopy density vegetation were sensitive. Reasonable design of land-cover structure would be conducive to ameliorate air particle concentrations in the microscale environment. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Fan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Li Dong
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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48
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Federici E, Petroselli C, Montalbani E, Casagrande C, Ceci E, Moroni B, La Porta G, Castellini S, Selvaggi R, Sebastiani B, Crocchianti S, Gandolfi I, Franzetti A, Cappelletti D. Airborne bacteria and persistent organic pollutants associated with an intense Saharan dust event in the Central Mediterranean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:401-410. [PMID: 30029119 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a comprehensive taxonomic survey of the bacterial community and accurate quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with an intense Saharan dust advection, which impacted Central Mediterranean area in the whole 2014-2015 period. This work is part of an intensive field campaign at the EMEP regional background site of Monte Martano (Central Italy), considered well representative of long-range transport in the Central Mediterranean area. 22 samples have been characterized in their provenance region and have been considered for the chemical and biological characterization. The event described in the present paper was exceptionally intense at the sampling site allowing a detailed evaluation of the dust load on a regional scale, an estimation of the impact of PAH based on the Toxic Equivalency Factor methodology and a thorough characterization of the airborne bacterial fraction performed by High Throughput Sequencing approach. Afterward, we cultured viable bacteria and evaluated several enzymatic activities and conducted UV survival tests. Principal findings include: (i) the striking evidence that, during the Saharan dust event, a highly diverse and abundant bacterial community was associated with PAH concentrations higher than the yearly mean; (ii) the tangible presence of cultivable microbes; (iii) the proof that the isolates recovered from Saharan dust had the potential to be metabolically active and that almost all of them were able to persist following UV radiation exposure. Comparisons of results for the present case study with mean values for the 2014-2015 experimental campaign are presented. The bacterial community and chemical speciation associated with the Saharan dust advection were specific and very different from those associated with other air masses. The particular case of North-Western Atlantic, which represents one of the most typical advection route reaching the sampling site is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermanno Federici
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Chiara Petroselli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Elena Montalbani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Chiara Casagrande
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Elisa Ceci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Beatrice Moroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Gianandrea La Porta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Silvia Castellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Roberta Selvaggi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Sebastiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Stefano Crocchianti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Isabella Gandolfi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Franzetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - David Cappelletti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy.
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Dueker ME, French S, O'Mullan GD. Comparison of Bacterial Diversity in Air and Water of a Major Urban Center. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2868. [PMID: 30555433 PMCID: PMC6282627 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of wind with aquatic and terrestrial surfaces is known to control the creation of microbial aerosols allowing for their entrainment into air masses that can be transported regionally and globally. Near surface interactions between urban waterways and urban air are understudied but some level of interaction among these bacterial communities would be expected and may be relevant to understanding both urban air and water quality. To address this gap related to patterns of local air-water microbial exchange, we utilized next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA genes from paired air and water samples collected from 3 urban waterfront sites and evaluated their relative bacterial diversity. Aerosol samples at all sites were significantly more diverse than water samples. Only 17–22% of each site’s bacterial aerosol OTUs were present at every site. These shared aerosol OTUs included taxa associated with terrestrial systems (e.g., Bacillus), aquatic systems (e.g., Planktomarina) and sewage (e.g., Enterococcus). In fact, sewage-associated genera were detected in both aerosol and water samples, (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Blautia, and Faecalibacterium), demonstrating the widespread influence of similar pollution sources across these urban environments. However, the majority (50–61%) of the aerosol OTUs at each site were unique to that site, suggesting that local sources are an important influence on bioaerosols. According to indicator species analysis, each site’s aerosols harbored the highest percentage of bacterial OTUs statistically determined to uniquely represent that site’s aquatic bacterial community, further demonstrating a local connection between water quality and air quality in the urban environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elias Dueker
- Biology and Environmental & Urban Studies Programs, Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY, United States.,Bard Center for the Study of Land, Air, and Water, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY, United States.,Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, United States
| | - Shaya French
- Biology and Environmental & Urban Studies Programs, Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY, United States
| | - Gregory D O'Mullan
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College, City University of New York, New York City, NY, United States
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A long-term survey unveils strong seasonal patterns in the airborne microbiome coupled to general and regional atmospheric circulations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:12229-12234. [PMID: 30420511 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812826115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Airborne microbes (bacteria, archaea, protists, and fungi) were surveyed over a 7-y period via high-throughput massive sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA genes in rain and snow samples collected fortnightly at a high-elevation mountain Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network site (LTER-Aigüestortes, Central Pyrenees, Spain). This survey constitutes the most comprehensive mountain-top aerobiology study reported to date. The air mass origins were tracked through modeled back-trajectories and analysis of rain water chemical composition. Consistent microbial seasonal patterns were observed with highly divergent summer and winter communities recurrent in time. Indicative microbial taxa were unveiled as a forensic signature, and ubiquitous taxa were observed as common atmosphere inhabitants, highlighting aerosols as a potentially successful mechanism for global microbial dispersal. Source-tracking analyses identified freshwater, cropland, and urban biomes as the most important sources for airborne bacteria in summer, while marine and forest biomes prevailed in winter, in agreement with air mass retrotrajectories and the prevailing general and regional atmospheric circulation.
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