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Shi H, Mao X, Yang F, Zhu M, Tan N, Tan W, Gu T, Zhang X. Multi-scale analysis of acidophilic microbial consortium biofilm's tolerance of lithium and cobalt ions in bioleaching. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134764. [PMID: 38824773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Metal ions stress will inhibit the oxidation capacity of iron and sulfur of an acidophilic microbial consortium (AMC), which leads to reduced bioleaching efficiency. This work explored the impacts of Li+ and Co2+ on the composition and function of AMC biofilms with a multi-scale approach. At the reactor scale, the results indicated that the oxidative activity, the adsorption capacity, and the biofilm formation ability of AMC on pyrite surfaces decreased under 500 mM Li+ and 500 mM Co2+. At the biofilm scale, the electrochemical measurements showed that Li+ and Co2+ inhibited the charge transfer between the pyrite working electrode and the biofilm, and decreased the corrosion current density of the pyrite working electrode. At the cell scale, the content of proteins in extracellular polymers substrate (EPS) increased as the concentrations of metal ions increased. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of EPS for Li+ and Co2+ increased. At the microbial consortium scale, a BugBase phenotype analysis showed that under 500 mM Li+ and 500 mM Co2+, the antioxidant stress capacity and the content of mobile gene elements in AMC increased. The results in this work can provide useful data and theoretical support for the regulation strategy of the bioleaching of spent lithium-ion batteries to recover valuable metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xingshun Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Minglong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ningjie Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wensong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tingyue Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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2
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Vo PHN, Danaee S, Hai HTN, Huy LN, Nguyen TAH, Nguyen HTM, Kuzhiumparambil U, Kim M, Nghiem LD, Ralph PJ. Biomining for sustainable recovery of rare earth elements from mining waste: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168210. [PMID: 37924876 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are essential for advanced manufacturing (e.g., renewable energy, military equipment, electric vehicles); hence, the recovery of REEs from low-grade resources has become increasingly important to address their growing demand. Depending on specific mining sites, its geological conditions, and sociodemographic backgrounds, mining waste has been identified as a source of REEs in various concentrations and abundance. Yttrium, cerium, and neodymium are the most common REEs in mining waste streams (50 to 300 μg/L). Biomining has emerged as a viable option for REEs recovery due to its reduced environmental impact, along with reduced capital investment compared to traditional recovery methods. This paper aims to review (i) the characteristics of mining waste as a low-grade REEs resource, (ii) the key operating principles of biomining technologies for REEs recovery, (iii) the effects of operating conditions and matrix on REEs recovery, and (iv) the sustainability of REEs recovery through biomining technologies. Six types of biomining will be examined in this review: bioleaching, bioweathering, biosorption, bioaccumulation, bioprecipitation and bioflotation. Based on a SWOT analyses and techno-economic assessments (TEA), biomining technologies have been found to be effective and efficient in recovering REEs from low-grade sources. Through TEA, coal ash has been shown to return the highest profit amongst mining waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong H N Vo
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Soroosh Danaee
- Biotechnology Department, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran 3353-5111, Iran
| | - Ho Truong Nam Hai
- Faculty of Environment, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Lai Nguyen Huy
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology, Klongluang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Tuan A H Nguyen
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hong T M Nguyen
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Mikael Kim
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Peter J Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Bobadilla-Fazzini RA, Poblete-Castro I. Establishing a green biodesulfurization process for iron ore concentrates in stirred tank and leaching column bioreactors using Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1324417. [PMID: 38152287 PMCID: PMC10751661 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1324417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of sulfur impurities in complex iron ores represents a significant challenge for the iron mining and steel-making industries as their removal often necessitates the use of hazardous chemicals and energy-intensive processes. Here, we examined the microbial and mineralogical composition of both primary and secondary iron concentrates, identifying the presence of Sulfobacillus spp. and Leptospirillum spp., while sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were absent. We also observed that these concentrates displayed up to 85% exposed pyrrhotite. These observations led us to explore the capacity of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans to remove pyrrhotite-sulfur impurities from iron concentrates. Employing stirred tank bioreactors operating at 30°C and inoculated with 5·106 (At. thiooxidans cells mL-1), we achieved 45.6% sulfur removal over 16 days. Then, we evaluated packed leaching columns operated at 30°C, where the At. thiooxidans enriched system reached 43.5% desulfurization over 60 days. Remarkably, sulfur removal increased to 80% within 21 days under potassium limitation. We then compared the At. thiooxidans-mediated desulfurization process, with and without air supply, under potassium limitation, varying the initial biomass concentration in 1-m columns. Aerated systems facilitated approximately 70% sulfur removal across the entire column with minimal iron loss. In contrast, non-aerated leaching columns achieved desulfurization levels of only 6% and 26% in the lower and middle sections of the column, respectively. Collectively, we have developed an efficient, scalable biological sulfur-removal technology for processing complex iron ores, aligning with the burgeoning demand for sustainable practices in the mining industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignacio Poblete-Castro
- Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
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Zhang X, Shi H, Tan N, Zhu M, Tan W, Daramola D, Gu T. Advances in bioleaching of waste lithium batteries under metal ion stress. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:19. [PMID: 38647921 PMCID: PMC10992134 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern societies, the accumulation of vast amounts of waste Li-ion batteries (WLIBs) is a grave concern. Bioleaching has great potential for the economic recovery of valuable metals from various electronic wastes. It has been successfully applied in mining on commercial scales. Bioleaching of WLIBs can not only recover valuable metals but also prevent environmental pollution. Many acidophilic microorganisms (APM) have been used in bioleaching of natural ores and urban mines. However, the activities of the growth and metabolism of APM are seriously inhibited by the high concentrations of heavy metal ions released by the bio-solubilization process, which slows down bioleaching over time. Only when the response mechanism of APM to harsh conditions is well understood, effective strategies to address this critical operational hurdle can be obtained. In this review, a multi-scale approach is used to summarize studies on the characteristics of bioleaching processes under metal ion stress. The response mechanisms of bacteria, including the mRNA expression levels of intracellular genes related to heavy metal ion resistance, are also reviewed. Alleviation of metal ion stress via addition of chemicals, such as spermine and glutathione is discussed. Monitoring using electrochemical characteristics of APM biofilms under metal ion stress is explored. In conclusion, effective engineering strategies can be proposed based on a deep understanding of the response mechanisms of APM to metal ion stress, which have been used to improve bioleaching efficiency effectively in lab tests. It is very important to engineer new bioleaching strains with high resistance to metal ions using gene editing and synthetic biotechnology in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Hongjie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ningjie Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Minglong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wensong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Damilola Daramola
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Sustainable Energy and the Environment, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
| | - Tingyue Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Sustainable Energy and the Environment, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA.
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Sand W, Schippers A, Hedrich S, Vera M. Progress in bioleaching: fundamentals and mechanisms of microbial metal sulfide oxidation - part A. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6933-6952. [PMID: 36194263 PMCID: PMC9592645 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Bioleaching of metal sulfides is performed by diverse microorganisms. The dissolution of metal sulfides occurs via two chemical pathways, either the thiosulfate or the polysulfide pathway. These are determined by the metal sulfides’ mineralogy and their acid solubility. The microbial cell enables metal sulfide dissolution via oxidation of iron(II) ions and inorganic sulfur compounds. Thereby, the metal sulfide attacking agents iron(III) ions and protons are generated. Cells are active either in a planktonic state or attached to the mineral surface, forming biofilms. This review, as an update of the previous one (Vera et al., 2013a), summarizes some recent discoveries relevant to bioleaching microorganisms, contributing to a better understanding of their lifestyle. These comprise phylogeny, chemical pathways, surface science, biochemistry of iron and sulfur metabolism, anaerobic metabolism, cell–cell communication, molecular biology, and biofilm lifestyle. Recent advances from genetic engineering applied to bioleaching microorganisms will allow in the future to better understand important aspects of their physiology, as well as to open new possibilities for synthetic biology applications of leaching microbial consortia. Key points • Leaching of metal sulfides is strongly enhanced by microorganisms • Biofilm formation and extracellular polymer production influences bioleaching • Cell interactions in mixed bioleaching cultures are key for process optimization
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Sand
- Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany. .,Faculty of Chemistry, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Axel Schippers
- Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabrina Hedrich
- Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Mario Vera
- Instituto de Ingeniería Biológica y Médica, Escuelas de Ingeniería, Medicina y Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Liu D, Shi H, Chen G, Zhang X, Gu T, Zhu M, Tan W. Strategies for anti-oxidative stress and anti-acid stress in bioleaching of LiCoO 2 using an acidophilic microbial consortium. Extremophiles 2022; 26:22. [PMID: 35767155 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-022-01270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
High metal ion concentrations and low pH cause severely inhibit the activity of an acidophilic microbial consortium (AMC) in bioleaching. This work investigated the effects of exogenous spermine on biofilm formation and the bioleaching efficiency of LiCoO2 by AMC in 9K medium. After the addition of 1 mM spermine, the activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase increased, while the amount of H2O2, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde in AMC decreased. These results indicated that the ability of AMC biofilm to resist oxidative stress introduced by 3.5 g/L Li+ and 30.1 g/L Co2+ was improved by spermine. The activity of glutamate decarboxylase was promoted to restore the intracellular pH buffering ability of AMC. Electrochemical measurements showed that the oxidation rate of pyrite was increased by exogenous spermine. As a result, high bioleaching efficiencies of 97.1% for Li+ and 96.1% for Co2+ from a 5.0% (w v-1) lithium cobalt oxide powder slurry were achieved. This work demonstrated that Tafel polarization can be used to monitor the AMC biofilm's ability of uptaking electrons from pyrite during bioleaching. The corrosion current density increased with 1 mM spermine, indicating enhanced electron uptake by the biofilm from pyrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hongjie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Guanglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Tingyue Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
| | - Minglong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wensong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Insights into Adaptive Mechanisms of Extreme Acidophiles Based on Quorum Sensing/Quenching-Related Proteins. mSystems 2022; 7:e0149121. [PMID: 35400206 PMCID: PMC9040811 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01491-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a unique mechanism for microorganisms to coordinate their activities through intercellular communication, including four main types of autoinducer-1 (AI-1, namely, N-acyl homoserine lactone [AHL]), AI-2, AI-3, and diffusible signaling factor [DSF]) based on signaling molecules. Quorum quenching (QQ) enzymes can disrupt the QS phenomenon by inactivating signaling molecules. QS is proposed to regulate biofilm formation in extremely acidic environments, but the QS/QQ-related genomic features in most acidophilic bacteria are still largely unknown. Here, genome annotation of 83 acidophiles from the genera Acidithiobacillus, Leptospirillum, Sulfobacillus, and Acidiphilium altogether revealed the existence of AI-1, AI-3, DSF, and AhlD (AHL degradation enzyme). The conservative investigation indicated that some QS/QQ-related proteins harbored key residues or motifs, which were necessary for their activities. Phylogenetic analysis showed that LuxI/R (AI-1 synthase/receptor), QseE/F (two-component system of AI-3), and RpfC/G (two-component system of DSF) exhibited similar evolutionary patterns within each pair. Meanwhile, proteins clustered approximately according to the species taxonomy. The widespread Acidithiobacillus strains, especially A. ferrooxidans, processed AI-1, AI-3, and DSF systems as well as the AhlD enzyme, which were favorable for their mutual information exchange and collective regulation of gene expression. Some members of the Sulfobacillus and Acidiphilium without AHL production capacity contained the AhlD enzyme, which may evolve for niche competition, while DSF in Leptospirillum and Acidithiobacillus could potentially combine with the cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) pathway for self-defense and niche protection. This work will shed light on our understanding of the extent of communication networks and adaptive evolution among acidophiles via QS/QQ coping with environmental changes. IMPORTANCE Understanding cell-cell communication QS is highly relevant for comprehending the regulatory and adaptive mechanisms among acidophiles in extremely acidic ecosystems. Previous studies focused on the existence and functionality of a single QS system in several acidophilic strains. Four representative genera were selected to decipher the distribution and role of QS and QQ integrated with the conservative and evolutionary analysis of related proteins. It was implicated that intra- or intersignaling circuits may work effectively based on different QS types to modulate biofilm formation and energy metabolism among acidophilic microbes. Some individuals could synthesize QQ enzymes for specific QS molecular inactivation to inhibit undesirable acidophile species. This study expanded our knowledge of the fundamental cognition and biological roles underlying the dynamical communication interactions among the coevolving acidophiles and provided a novel perspective for revealing their environmental adaptability.
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Liu X, Li Y, Cao J, Zeng Z, Liu X, Zhang R, Li Q, Sand W. Bioleaching of Chalcopyrite Waste Rock in the Presence of the Copper Solvent Extractant LIX984N. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:820052. [PMID: 35369491 PMCID: PMC8972061 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heap bioleaching, the solubilization of metal ions from metal sulfides by microbial oxidation, is often combined with solvent extraction (SX) and electrowinning to recover, e.g., copper from low-grade ores. After extraction, the leaching solution is recycled, but the entrained organic solvents may be toxic to the microorganisms. Here Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Leptospirillum ferrooxidans, and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans were selected to perform bioleaching of chalcopyrite waste rock in the presence of the SX reagent (2.5% v/v LIX984N in kerosene). Possibly inhibitory effects have been evaluated by copper extraction, bacterial activity, number of actively Fe(II)-oxidizing cells, and biofilm formation. Microcalorimetry, most probable number determination, and atomic force microscopy combined with epifluorescence microscopy were applied. The results show that 100 and 300 mg/L SX reagent could hardly inhibit At. ferrooxidans from oxidizing Fe2+, but they seriously interfered with the biofilm formation and the oxidization of sulfur, thereby hindering bioleaching. L. ferrooxidans was sensitive to 50 mg/L SX reagent, which inhibited its bioleaching completely. Sb. thermosulfidooxidans showed different metabolic preferences, if the concentration of the SX reagent differed. With 10 mg/L LIX984N Sb. thermosulfidooxidans preferred to oxidize Fe2+ and extracted the same amount of copper as the assay without LIX984N. With 50 mg/L extractant the bioleaching stopped, since Sb. thermosulfidooxidans preferred to oxidize reduced inorganic sulfur compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Biofilm Centre, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jianfeng Cao
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenshun Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Biofilm Centre, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiyong Zhang
- Biofilm Centre, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Qingdao, China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- Biofilm Centre, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sand
- Biofilm Centre, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Interdisciplinary Ecological Centre, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
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Su G, Li S, Deng X, Hu L, Praburaman L, He Z, Zhong H, Sun W. Low concentration of Tween-20 enhanced the adhesion and biofilm formation of Acidianus manzaensis YN-25 on chalcopyrite surface. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131403. [PMID: 34225118 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although Tween-20 was used as an important catalyst to increase chalcopyrite bioleaching rate by acidophiles, the effect of Tween-20 on initial adhesion and biofilm development of acidophiles on chalcopyrite has not been explored until now. Herein, the role of Tween-20 in early attachment behaviors and biofilm development by Acidianus manzaensis strain YN-25 were investigated by adhesion experiments, adhesion force measurement, visualization of biofilm assays and a series of analyses including extended Derjaguin Landau Verwey Overbeek (DLVO) theory, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The bacterial adhesion experiments showed that 2 mg/L of Tween-20 increased the adhesion percentage (by 8%) of A. manzaensis YN-25. Tween-20 could promote the early adhesion of A. manzaensis YN-25 by changing the Lewis acid-base interaction and electrostatic force to increase total interaction energy and adhesion force. Besides, the functional groups on the surface of cells (carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino functional groups) contributed to the adhesion of A. manzaensis YN-25 on chalcopyrite. Furthermore, the promotion of biofilm formation by Tween-20 was mainly attributed to the reduction of S0 passivation layer formation and complexing more Fe3+ on chalcopyrite surface, contributing to the erosion of chalcopyrite and creating more corrosion pits. Live/dead staining showed low live/dead ratio (ranged from 0.35 to 1.32) during the biofilm development process. This report offers a better understanding of the effects of Tween-20 on attachment and biofilm development of acidophilic microorganisms and would lay a theoretical foundation for the better application of catalyst in bioleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Su
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Shuzhen Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaotao Deng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Liang Hu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Loganathan Praburaman
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhiguo He
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Faculty of Materials Metallurgy & Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science & Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China.
| | - Hui Zhong
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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10
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Bobadilla-Fazzini RA, Poblete-Castro I. Biofilm Formation Is Crucial for Efficient Copper Bioleaching From Bornite Under Mesophilic Conditions: Unveiling the Lifestyle and Catalytic Role of Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:761997. [PMID: 34745072 PMCID: PMC8569243 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.761997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation within the process of bioleaching of copper sulfides is a relevant aspect of iron- and sulfur-oxidizing acidophilic microorganisms as it represents their lifestyle in the actual heap/dump mining industry. Here, we used biofilm flow cell chambers to establish laminar regimes and compare them with turbulent conditions to evaluate biofilm formation and mineralogic dynamics through QEMSCAN and SEM-EDS during bioleaching of primary copper sulfide minerals at 30°C. We found that laminar regimes triggered the buildup of biofilm using Leptospirillum spp. and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (inoculation ratio 3:1) at a cell concentration of 106 cells/g mineral on bornite (Cu5FeS4) but not for chalcopyrite (CuFeS2). Conversely, biofilm did not occur on any of the tested minerals under turbulent conditions. Inoculating the bacterial community with ferric iron (Fe3+) under shaking conditions resulted in rapid copper recovery from bornite, leaching 40% of the Cu content after 10 days of cultivation. The addition of ferrous iron (Fe2+) instead promoted Cu recovery of 30% at day 48, clearly delaying the leaching process. More efficiently, the biofilm-forming laminar regime almost doubled the leached copper amount (54%) after 32 days. In-depth inspection of the microbiologic dynamics showed that bacteria developing biofilm on the surface of bornite corresponded mainly to At. Thiooxidans, while Leptospirillum spp. were detected in planktonic form, highlighting the role of biofilm buildup as a means for the bioleaching of primary sulfides. We finally propose a mechanism for bornite bioleaching during biofilm formation where sulfur regeneration to sulfuric acid by the sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms is crucial to prevent iron precipitation for efficient copper recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto A Bobadilla-Fazzini
- Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Poblete-Castro
- Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
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Aguirre P, Saavedra A, Moncayo E, Hedrich S, Guerrero K, Gentina JC. Sticky Bacteria: Understanding the Behavior of a D-Galactose Adapted Consortium of Acidophilic Chemolithotroph Bacteria and Their Attachment on a Concentrate of Polymetallic Mineral. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:767639. [PMID: 34745076 PMCID: PMC8566890 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.767639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various strategies to accelerate the formation of biofilms on minerals have been studied, and one of them is the use of D-galactose as an inducer of EPS production in planktonic cells of biooxidant bacteria. With the aim to evaluate the influence on the attachment and the effect over the solubilization of a polymetallic mineral concentrate, the behavior of a microbial consortium formed by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans DSM 14887T and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans DSM 2705T previously induced with D-galactose for the early formation of EPS was studied. These microorganisms were previously adapted to 0.15 and 0.25% of D-galactose, respectively; afterward, different proportions of both strains were put in contact with the particle surface of a concentrate of polymetallic mineral. Also, to evaluate the affinity of each bacterium to the mineral, attachment tests were carried out with one of these species acting as a pre-colonizer. The same consortia were used to evaluate the solubilization of the polymetallic mineral. The results obtained show that the induction by D-galactose increases the microbial attachment percentage to the mineral by at least 10% with respect to the control of non-adapted consortia. On the other hand, the tests carried out with pre-colonization show that the order of inoculation also affects the microbial attachment percentage. From the different proportions tested, it was determined that the use of a consortium with a proportion of 50% of each species previously adapted to D-galactose and inoculated simultaneously, present a microbial attachment percentage to the mineral greater than 95% and better solubilization of a polymetallic mineral, reaching values of 9.7 and 11.7mgL-1 h-1 of Fe3+ and SO4 2-, respectively. Therefore, the use of D-galactose in small concentrations as inducer of EPS in acidophilic cells and the selection of an adequate strategy of inoculation can be beneficial to improve biooxidation since it would allow this process to develop in a shorter time by achieving a greater number of attached cells in a shorter time accelerating the solubilization of a sulfide mineral. Graphical AbstractEPS production using D-galactose as inducer and its influence in the attachment of consortia formed by differents proportions of A. thiooxidans and L. ferrooxidans inoculated at the same time and when one of them acting as a pre-colonizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Aguirre
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Loja, Ecuador
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Albert Saavedra
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Eduardo Moncayo
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Loja, Ecuador
| | - Sabrina Hedrich
- Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Karlo Guerrero
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Gentina
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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12
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Kachieng'a LO, Unuofin JO. The potentials of biofilm reactor as recourse for the recuperation of rare earth metals/elements from wastewater: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:44755-44767. [PMID: 34235691 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater is nowadays increasingly receiving global attention as a resource much more than a problem due to its potential so serve as a resource recovery channel. In this regard, wastewater is gradually been transformed from being a cesspool to a "treasure pool." Among notable resources in the treasure pool, rare earth metals/elements (REEs) warrant focal investigation, both in terms of environmental abundance and biorecovery, due to their environmental impacts. The ineffectiveness or cost intensiveness of extant physicochemical and advanced wastewater resource recovery techniques warrants the investigation of natural phenomenons in the treasure pools. Bacteria are able to cleverly secrete certain biochemicals to help trap and aggregate nutrients for their metabolism-the biofilms. In this regard, there is increased espousal of biofilm-enabled reactors, especially for the application of the recovery of invaluable feedstock in wastewater as well as other aqueous media due to high production rates and stability of cells. Furthermore, it anticipated that this technology will be translated to recovery of rare earth elements, due to their increased demand across the globe. This piece reiterates the nitty-gritty of biofilm-enhanced biorecovery and also keeps the scientific readership abreast of the multifarious aspects regarding the successful biofilm affected biorecovery of REEs at reactor scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Owino Kachieng'a
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia Campus, P/Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - John Onolame Unuofin
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Drive, Park West, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa.
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Diffusible signal factor signaling controls bioleaching activity and niche protection in the acidophilic, mineral-oxidizing leptospirilli. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16275. [PMID: 34381075 PMCID: PMC8357829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioleaching of metal sulfide ores involves acidophilic microbes that catalyze the chemical dissolution of the metal sulfide bond that is enhanced by attached and planktonic cell mediated oxidation of iron(II)-ions and inorganic sulfur compounds. Leptospirillum spp. often predominate in sulfide mineral-containing environments, including bioheaps for copper recovery from chalcopyrite, as they are effective primary mineral colonizers and oxidize iron(II)-ions efficiently. In this study, we demonstrated a functional diffusible signal factor interspecies quorum sensing signaling mechanism in Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans that produces (Z)-11-methyl-2-dodecenoic acid when grown with pyrite as energy source. In addition, pure diffusible signal factor and extracts from supernatants of pyrite grown Leptospirillum spp. inhibited biological iron oxidation in various species, and that pyrite grown Leptospirillum cells were less affected than iron grown cells to self inhibition. Finally, transcriptional analyses for the inhibition of iron-grown L. ferriphilum cells due to diffusible signal factor was compared with the response to exposure of cells to N- acyl-homoserine-lactone type quorum sensing signal compounds. The data suggested that Leptospirillum spp. diffusible signal factor production is a strategy for niche protection and defense against other microbes and it is proposed that this may be exploited to inhibit unwanted acidophile species.
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14
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Farías R, Norambuena J, Ferrer A, Camejo P, Zapata C, Chávez R, Orellana O, Levicán G. Redox stress response and UV tolerance in the acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Res Microbiol 2021; 172:103833. [PMID: 33901608 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2021.103833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative stress response represents a sum of antioxidative mechanisms that are essential for determining the adaptation and abundance of microorganisms in the environment. Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans are chemolithotrophic bacteria that obtain their energy from the oxidation of ferrous ion. Both microorganisms are important for bioleaching of sulfidic ores and both are tolerant to high levels of heavy metals and other factors that can induce oxidative stress. In this work, we compared the tolerance and response of L. ferriphilum and At. ferrooxidans to Fe3+, H2O2, K2CrO4, and UV-C radiation. We evaluated growth, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative damage to lipid membranes and DNA, and the activity of antioxidative proteins in cells exposed to these stressors. L. ferriphilum had higher cell density, lower ROS content and less lipid and DNA damage than At. ferrooxidans. Consistent with this, the activity levels of thioredoxin and superoxide dismutase in L. ferriphilum were upregulated and higher than in At. ferrooxidans. This indicated that L. ferriphilum has a higher capacity to respond to oxidative stress and to manage redox homeostasis. This capacity could largely contribute to the high abundance of this species in natural and anthropogenic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Farías
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Norambuena
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alonso Ferrer
- Núcleo de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Camejo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Zapata
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renato Chávez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Omar Orellana
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gloria Levicán
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile.
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15
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Marín S, Cortés M, Acosta M, Delgado K, Escuti C, Ayma D, Demergasso C. From Laboratory towards Industrial Operation: Biomarkers for Acidophilic Metabolic Activity in Bioleaching Systems. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040474. [PMID: 33806162 PMCID: PMC8065656 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the actual mining scenario, copper bioleaching, mainly raw mined material known as run-of-mine (ROM) copper bioleaching, is the best alternative for the treatment of marginal resources that are not currently considered part of the profitable reserves because of the cost associated with leading technologies in copper extraction. It is foreseen that bioleaching will play a complementary role in either concentration-as it does in Minera Escondida Ltd. (MEL)-or chloride main leaching plants. In that way, it will be possible to maximize mines with installed solvent-extraction and electrowinning capacities that have not been operative since the depletion of their oxide ores. One of the main obstacles for widening bioleaching technology applications is the lack of knowledge about the key events and the attributes of the technology's critical events at the industrial level and mainly in ROM copper bioleaching industrial operations. It is relevant to assess the bed environment where the bacteria-mineral interaction occurs to learn about the limiting factors determining the leaching rate. Thus, due to inability to accurately determine in-situ key variables, their indirect assessment was evaluated by quantifying microbial metabolic-associated responses. Several candidate marker genes were selected to represent the predominant components of the microbial community inhabiting the industrial heap and the metabolisms involved in microbial responses to changes in the heap environment that affect the process performance. The microbial community's predominant components were Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, At. thiooxidans, Leptospirillum ferriphilum, and Sulfobacillus sp. Oxygen reduction, CO2 and N2 fixation/uptake, iron and sulfur oxidation, and response to osmotic stress were the metabolisms selected regarding research results previously reported in the system. After that, qPCR primers for each candidate gene were designed and validated. The expression profile of the selected genes vs. environmental key variables in pure cultures, column-leaching tests, and the industrial bioleaching heap was defined. We presented the results obtained from the industrial validation of the marker genes selected for assessing CO2 and N2 availability, osmotic stress response, as well as ferrous iron and sulfur oxidation activity in the bioleaching heap process of MEL. We demonstrated that molecular markers are useful for assessing limiting factors like nutrients and air supply, and the impact of the quality of recycled solutions. We also learned about the attributes of variables like CO2, ammonium, and sulfate levels that affect the industrial ROM-scale operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Marín
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
| | - Mayra Cortés
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
| | - Mauricio Acosta
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
| | - Karla Delgado
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
| | - Camila Escuti
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
| | - Diego Ayma
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
| | - Cecilia Demergasso
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
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16
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Contributions of Microbial “Contact Leaching” to Pyrite Oxidation under Different Controlled Redox Potentials. MINERALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/min10100856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The function of microbial contact leaching to pyrite oxidation was investigated by analyzing the differences of residue morphologies, leaching rates, surface products, and microbial consortia under different conditions in this study. This was achieved by novel equipment that can control the redox potential of the solution and isolate pyrite from microbial contact oxidation. The morphology of residues showed that the corrosions were a little bit severer in the presence of attached microbes under 750 mV and 850 mV (vs. SHE). At 650 mV, the oxidation of pyrite was undetectable even in the presence of attached microbes. The pyrite dissolution rate was higher with attached microbes than that without attached microbes at 750 mV and 850 mV. The elemental sulfur on the surface of pyrite residues with sessile microorganisms was much less than that without attached microbes at 750 mV and 850 mV, showing that sessile acidophiles may accelerate pyrite leaching by reducing the elemental sulfur inhibition. Many more sulfur-oxidizers were found in the sessile microbial consortium which also supported the idea. The results suggest that the microbial “contact leaching” to pyrite oxidation is limited and relies on the elimination of elemental sulfur passivation by attached sulfur-oxidizing microbes rather than the contact oxidation by EPS-Fe.
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17
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Li Q, Zhu J, Li S, Zhang R, Xiao T, Sand W. Interactions Between Cells of Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans and Leptospirillum ferriphilum During Pyrite Bioleaching. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:44. [PMID: 32063894 PMCID: PMC7000362 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfobacillus and Leptospirillum occur frequently in leaching systems. Here we investigated the effects of cells of L. ferriphilum on biofilm formation and leaching performance by S. thermosulfidooxidans. The effects were caused by the presence of L. ferriphilum or an addition of pyrite leach liquor from L. ferriphilum. Data show that the number of attached S. thermosulfidooxidans on pyrite increases, if the pyrite had been pre-colonized by living biofilms of L. ferriphilum, while it decreases if the pre-colonized biofilms had been inactivated. Coaggregation between S. thermosulfidooxidans and L. ferriphilum occurs during the dual-species biofilm formation, but different effects on bioleaching were noted, if the preculture of L. ferriphilum had been different. If L. ferriphilum had been pre-colonized on a pyrite, significantly negative effect was shown. However, if the two species were simultaneously inoculated into a sterile leaching system, the bioleaching efficiency was better than that of a pure culture of S. thermosulfidooxidans. The effect might be related to a metabolic preference of S. thermosulfidooxidans. If S. thermosulfidooxidans performed leaching in a filtered pyrite leachate from L. ferriphilum, the cells preferred to oxidize RISCs instead of ferrous ion and the number of attached cells decreased compared with the control. This study gives an indication that in a short-term multi-species leaching system the role of S. thermosufidooxidans may be related to the time of its introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shoupeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiyong Zhang
- Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hanover, Germany
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wolfgang Sand
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.,Biofilm Centre, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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18
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Liu X, Liu H, Wu W, Zhang X, Gu T, Zhu M, Tan W. Oxidative Stress Induced by Metal Ions in Bioleaching of LiCoO 2 by an Acidophilic Microbial Consortium. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3058. [PMID: 32010108 PMCID: PMC6974807 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An acidophilic microbial consortium (AMC) was used to investigate the fundamental mechanism behind the adverse effects of pulp density increase in the bioleaching of waste lithium ion batteries (WLIBs). Results showed that there existed the effect of metal-ion stress on the bio-oxidative activity of AMC. The Li+ and Co2+ accumulated in the leachate were the direct cause for the decrease in lithium and cobalt recovery yields under a high pulp density. In a simulated bioleaching system with 4.0% (w ⋅v-1) LiCoO2, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in AMC increased from 0.82 to 6.02 within 24 h, which was almost three times higher than that of the control (2.04). After the supplementation of 0.30 g⋅L-1 of exogenous glutathione (GSH), the bacterial intracellular ROS content decreased by 40% within 24 h and the activities of intracellular ROS scavenging enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), were 1.4- and 2.0-folds higher in comparison with the control within 24 h. In the biofilms formed on pyrite in the bioleaching of WLIBs, it was found that metal-ion stress had a great influence on the 3-D structure and the amount of biomass of the biofilms. After the exogenous addition of GSH, the structure and the amount of biomass of the biofilms were restored to some extent. Eventually, through ROS regulation by the exogenous addition of GSH, very high metal recovery yields of 98.1% Li and 96.3% Co were obtained at 5.0% pulp density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingyue Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Minglong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wensong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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19
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Zhang R, Neu TR, Li Q, Blanchard V, Zhang Y, Schippers A, Sand W. Insight Into Interactions of Thermoacidophilic Archaea With Elemental Sulfur: Biofilm Dynamics and EPS Analysis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:896. [PMID: 31133998 PMCID: PMC6524610 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biooxidation of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (RISCs) by thermoacidophiles is of particular interest for the biomining industry and for environmental issues, e.g., formation of acid mine drainage (AMD). Up to now, interfacial interactions of acidophiles with elemental sulfur as well as the mechanisms of sulfur oxidation by acidophiles, especially thermoacidophiles, are not yet fully clear. This work focused on how a crenarchaeal isolate Acidianus sp. DSM 29099 interacts with elemental sulfur. Analysis by Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) in combination with Epifluorescence microscopy (EFM) shows that biofilms on elemental sulfur are characterized by single colonies and a monolayer in first stage and later on 3-D structures with a diameter of up to 100 μm. The analysis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by a non-destructive lectin approach (fluorescence lectin-barcoding analysis) using several fluorochromes shows that intial attachment was featured by footprints rich in biofilm cells that were embedded in an EPS matrix consisting of various glycoconjugates. Wet chemistry data indicate that carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and uronic acids are the main components. Attenuated reflectance (ATR)-Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) indicate glucose and mannose as the main monosaccharides in EPS polysaccharides. EPS composition as well as sugar types in EPS vary according to substrate (sulfur or tetrathionate) and lifestyle (biofilms and planktonic cells). This study provides information on the building blocks/make up as well as dynamics of biofilms of thermoacidophilic archaea in extremely acidic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyong Zhang
- Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hanover, Germany
- Biofilm Centre, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas R. Neu
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Véronique Blanchard
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yutong Zhang
- Biofilm Centre, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Axel Schippers
- Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hanover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sand
- Biofilm Centre, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
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20
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Bellenberg S, Huynh D, Poetsch A, Sand W, Vera M. Proteomics Reveal Enhanced Oxidative Stress Responses and Metabolic Adaptation in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Biofilm Cells on Pyrite. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:592. [PMID: 30984136 PMCID: PMC6450195 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause oxidative stress and growth inhibition by inactivation of essential enzymes, DNA and lipid damage in microbial cells. Acid mine drainage (AMD) ecosystems are characterized by low pH values, enhanced levels of metal ions and low species abundance. Furthermore, metal sulfides, such as pyrite and chalcopyrite, generate extracellular ROS upon exposure to acidic water. Consequently, oxidative stress management is especially important in acidophilic leaching microorganisms present in industrial biomining operations, especially when forming biofilms on metal sulfides. Several adaptive mechanisms have been described, but the molecular repertoire of responses upon exposure to pyrite and the presence of ROS are not thoroughly understood in acidophiles. In this study the impact of the addition of H2O2 on iron oxidation activity in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans DSM 14882T was investigated. Iron(II)- or sulfur-grown cells showed a higher sensitivity toward H2O2 than pyrite-grown ones. In order to elucidate which molecular responses may be involved, we used shot-gun proteomics and compared proteomes of cells grown with iron(II)-ions against biofilm cells, grown for 5 days in presence of pyrite as sole energy source. In total 1157 proteins were identified. 213 and 207 ones were found to have increased levels in iron(II) ion-grown or pyrite-biofilm cells, respectively. Proteins associated with inorganic sulfur compound (ISC) oxidation were among the latter. In total, 80 proteins involved in ROS degradation, thiol redox regulation, macromolecule repair mechanisms, biosynthesis of antioxidants, as well as metal and oxygen homeostasis were found. 42 of these proteins had no significant changes in abundance, while 30 proteins had increased levels in pyrite-biofilm cells. New insights in ROS mitigation strategies, such as importance of globins for oxygen homeostasis and prevention of unspecific reactions of free oxygen that generate ROS are presented for A. ferrooxidans biofilm cells. Furthermore, proteomic analyses provide insights in adaptations of carbon fixation and oxidative phosphorylation pathways under these two growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Bellenberg
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.,Biofilm Centre, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dieu Huynh
- Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Sand
- Biofilm Centre, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany.,College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mario Vera
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Buetti-Dinh A, Galli V, Bellenberg S, Ilie O, Herold M, Christel S, Boretska M, Pivkin IV, Wilmes P, Sand W, Vera M, Dopson M. Deep neural networks outperform human expert's capacity in characterizing bioleaching bacterial biofilm composition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 22:e00321. [PMID: 30949441 PMCID: PMC6430008 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Deep learning has become widely used in different fields of computer science such as face recognition, but also in biology, for example to detect malignant skin cancers based on images. Deep learning applied to microscopy images of biofilm colonization patterns accurately characterized its bacterial composition. Deep learning applications only rarely outperform human experts in classification tasks. Here however, deep learning reached an accuracy of 90%, therefore clearly outperforming human experts (50% accurate). Our method provides an accurate alternative to standard, time-consuming biochemical methods, using visual information only.
Background Deep neural networks have been successfully applied to diverse fields of computer vision. However, they only outperform human capacities in a few cases. Methods The ability of deep neural networks versus human experts to classify microscopy images was tested on biofilm colonization patterns formed on sulfide minerals composed of up to three different bioleaching bacterial species attached to chalcopyrite sample particles. Results A low number of microscopy images per category (<600) was sufficient for highly efficient computational analysis of the biofilm's bacterial composition. The use of deep neural networks reached an accuracy of classification of ∼90% compared to ∼50% for human experts. Conclusions Deep neural networks outperform human experts’ capacity in characterizing bacterial biofilm composition involved in the degradation of chalcopyrite. This approach provides an alternative to standard, time-consuming biochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Buetti-Dinh
- Institute of Computational Science, Faculty of Informatics, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Corresponding author.
| | - Vanni Galli
- Institute for Information Systems and Networking, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Sören Bellenberg
- Fakultät für Chemie, Biofilm Centre, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Olga Ilie
- Institute of Computational Science, Faculty of Informatics, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Malte Herold
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Stephan Christel
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Mariia Boretska
- Fakultät für Chemie, Biofilm Centre, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Igor V. Pivkin
- Institute of Computational Science, Faculty of Informatics, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Wolfgang Sand
- Fakultät für Chemie, Biofilm Centre, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Mining Academy and Technical University Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Mario Vera
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering. Schools of Engineering, Medicine & Biological Sciences, Department of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mark Dopson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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Adhesion to Mineral Surfaces by Cells of Leptospirillum, Acidithiobacillus and Sulfobacillus from Armenian Sulfide Ores. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioleaching of metal sulfides is an interfacial process where adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation are considered to be crucial for this process. In this study, adhesion and biofilm formation by several acidophiles (Acidithiobacillus, Leptospirillum and Sulfobacillus) isolated from different biotopes with sulfide ores in Armenia were studied. Results showed that: (1) these bacteria adhere to pyrite surfaces to various extents. A correlation between pyrite biooxidation and adhesion of S. thermosulfidooxidans 6, L. ferriphilum CC, L. ferrooxidans ZC on pyrite surfaces is shown. It is supposed that bioleaching of pyrite by S. thermosulfidooxidans 6, L. ferriphilum CC, L. ferrooxidans ZC occurs by means of indirect leaching: by ferric iron of bacterial origin; (2) cells of At. ferrooxidans 61, L. ferrooxidans ZC and St. thermosulfidooxidans 6 form a monolayer biofilm on pyrite surfaces. The coverage of pyrite surfaces varies among these species. The order of the biofilm coverage is: L. ferrooxidans ZC ≥ At. ferrooxidans 61 > St. thermosulfidooxidans 6; (3) the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) analysis indicates that the tested strains produce EPS, if grown either on soluble ferrous iron or solid pyrite. EPS are mainly composed of proteins and carbohydrates. Cells excrete higher amounts of capsular EPS than of colloidal EPS. In addition, cells grown on pyrite produce more EPS than ones grown on ferrous iron.
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Li Q, Becker T, Zhang R, Xiao T, Sand W. Investigation on adhesion of Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans via atomic force microscopy equipped with mineral probes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 173:639-646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Aguirre P, Guerrero K, Sanchez-Rodriguez A, Gentina JC, Schippers A. Making sticky cells: effect of galactose and ferrous iron on the attachment of Leptospirillum ferrooxidans to mineral surfaces. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:569-575. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Automated Microscopic Analysis of Metal Sulfide Colonization by Acidophilic Microorganisms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01835-18. [PMID: 30076195 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01835-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial biomining processes are currently focused on metal sulfides and their dissolution, which is catalyzed by acidophilic iron(II)- and/or sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms. Cell attachment on metal sulfides is important for this process. Biofilm formation is necessary for seeding and persistence of the active microbial community in industrial biomining heaps and tank reactors, and it enhances metal release. In this study, we used a method for direct quantification of the mineral-attached cell population on pyrite or chalcopyrite particles in bioleaching experiments by coupling high-throughput, automated epifluorescence microscopy imaging of mineral particles with algorithms for image analysis and cell quantification, thus avoiding human bias in cell counting. The method was validated by quantifying cell attachment on pyrite and chalcopyrite surfaces with axenic cultures of Acidithiobacillus caldus, Leptospirillum ferriphilum, and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans. The method confirmed the high affinity of L. ferriphilum cells to colonize pyrite and chalcopyrite surfaces and indicated that biofilm dispersal occurs in mature pyrite batch cultures of this species. Deep neural networks were also applied to analyze biofilms of different microbial consortia. Recent analysis of the L. ferriphilum genome revealed the presence of a diffusible soluble factor (DSF) family quorum sensing system. The respective signal compounds are known as biofilm dispersal agents. Biofilm dispersal was confirmed to occur in batch cultures of L. ferriphilum and S. thermosulfidooxidans upon the addition of DSF family signal compounds.IMPORTANCE The presented method for the assessment of mineral colonization allows accurate relative comparisons of the microbial colonization of metal sulfide concentrate particles in a time-resolved manner. Quantitative assessment of the mineral colonization development is important for the compilation of improved mathematical models for metal sulfide dissolution. In addition, deep-learning algorithms proved that axenic or mixed cultures of the three species exhibited characteristic biofilm patterns and predicted the biofilm species composition. The method may be extended to the assessment of microbial colonization on other solid particles and may serve in the optimization of bioleaching processes in laboratory scale experiments with industrially relevant metal sulfide concentrates. Furthermore, the method was used to demonstrate that DSF quorum sensing signals directly influence colonization and dissolution of metal sulfides by mineral-oxidizing bacteria, such as L. ferriphilum and S. thermosulfidooxidans.
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26
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Ponomareva AL, Buzoleva LS, Bogatyrenko EA. Abiotic Environmental Factors Affecting the Formation of Microbial Biofilms. BIOL BULL+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s106235901805014x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Acid Rock Drainage or Not—Oxidative vs. Reductive Biofilms—A Microbial Question. MINERALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/min8050199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Multi-omics Reveals the Lifestyle of the Acidophilic, Mineral-Oxidizing Model Species Leptospirillum ferriphilum T. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02091-17. [PMID: 29150517 PMCID: PMC5772234 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02091-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirillum ferriphilum plays a major role in acidic, metal-rich environments, where it represents one of the most prevalent iron oxidizers. These milieus include acid rock and mine drainage as well as biomining operations. Despite its perceived importance, no complete genome sequence of the type strain of this model species is available, limiting the possibilities to investigate the strategies and adaptations that Leptospirillum ferriphilum DSM 14647T (here referred to as Leptospirillum ferriphilum T) applies to survive and compete in its niche. This study presents a complete, circular genome of Leptospirillum ferriphilum T obtained by PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) long-read sequencing for use as a high-quality reference. Analysis of the functionally annotated genome, mRNA transcripts, and protein concentrations revealed a previously undiscovered nitrogenase cluster for atmospheric nitrogen fixation and elucidated metabolic systems taking part in energy conservation, carbon fixation, pH homeostasis, heavy metal tolerance, the oxidative stress response, chemotaxis and motility, quorum sensing, and biofilm formation. Additionally, mRNA transcript counts and protein concentrations were compared between cells grown in continuous culture using ferrous iron as the substrate and those grown in bioleaching cultures containing chalcopyrite (CuFeS2). Adaptations of Leptospirillum ferriphilum T to growth on chalcopyrite included the possibly enhanced production of reducing power, reduced carbon dioxide fixation, as well as elevated levels of RNA transcripts and proteins involved in heavy metal resistance, with special emphasis on copper efflux systems. Finally, the expression and translation of genes responsible for chemotaxis and motility were enhanced.IMPORTANCE Leptospirillum ferriphilum is one of the most important iron oxidizers in the context of acidic and metal-rich environments during moderately thermophilic biomining. A high-quality circular genome of Leptospirillum ferriphilum T coupled with functional omics data provides new insights into its metabolic properties, such as the novel identification of genes for atmospheric nitrogen fixation, and represents an essential step for further accurate proteomic and transcriptomic investigation of this acidophile model species in the future. Additionally, light is shed on adaptation strategies of Leptospirillum ferriphilum T for growth on the copper mineral chalcopyrite. These data can be applied to deepen our understanding and optimization of bioleaching and biooxidation, techniques that present sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives to many traditional methods for metal extraction.
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29
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Limited role of sessile acidophiles in pyrite oxidation below redox potential of 650 mV. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5032. [PMID: 28694428 PMCID: PMC5504038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04420-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrite oxidation by mixed mesophilic acidophiles was conducted under conditions of controlled and non-controlled redox potential to investigate the role of sessile microbes in pyrite oxidation. Microbes attached on pyrite surfaces by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and their high coverage rate was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The dissolution of pyrite was negligible if the redox potential was controlled below 650 mV (near the rest potential of pyrite), even though the bacteria were highly active and a high coverage rate was observed on pyrite surfaces. However, with un-controlled redox potential the rate of pyrite oxidation increased greatly with an increasing redox potential. This study demonstrates that sessile microbes play a limited role in pyrite oxidation at a redox potential below 650 mV, and highlight the importance of solution redox potential for pyrite oxidation. This has implications for acid mine drainage control and pyrite oxidation control in biometallurgy practice.
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30
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Li Q, Sand W. Mechanical and chemical studies on EPS from Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans : from planktonic to biofilm cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 153:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Shiers D, Collinson D, Watling H. Life in heaps: a review of microbial responses to variable acidity in sulfide mineral bioleaching heaps for metal extraction. Res Microbiol 2016; 167:576-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Kocaman AT, Cemek M, Edwards KJ. Kinetics of pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite dissolution byAcidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Can J Microbiol 2016; 62:629-42. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the dissolution kinetics of pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. Crushed minerals were reacted with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (25 °C). The kinetics of dissolution was investigated by monitoring pH and Fe2+and Fe3+ion concentrations in the leaching solutions. Pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite dissolution by A. ferrooxidans was found to be a chemically controlled process. With bacteria, the dissolution rates of the minerals increased in the order of pyrrhotite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite. The number of cells attached to mineral surfaces increased in the same order. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was found to enhance the dissolution rates of the minerals. The acid-insoluble trait of pyrite and acid-soluble trait of the other 2 minerals affected the pH changes in the leaching solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Tuba Kocaman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34210 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cemek
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34210 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Katrina Jane Edwards
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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33
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Influence of Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans on Initial Attachment and Pyrite Leaching by Thermoacidophilic Archaeon Acidianus sp. DSM 29099. MINERALS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/min6030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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34
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Enhancement of Biofilm Formation on Pyrite by Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans. MINERALS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/min6030071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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35
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Castro C, Zhang R, Liu J, Bellenberg S, Neu TR, Donati E, Sand W, Vera M. Biofilm formation and interspecies interactions in mixed cultures of thermo-acidophilic archaea Acidianus spp. and Sulfolobus metallicus. Res Microbiol 2016; 167:604-12. [PMID: 27388200 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of biofilm formation by bioleaching microorganisms is of great importance for influencing mineral dissolution rates and to prevent acid mine drainage (AMD). Thermo-acidophilic archaea such as Acidianus, Sulfolobus and Metallosphaera are of special interest due to their ability to perform leaching at high temperatures, thereby enhancing leaching rates. In this work, leaching experiments and visualization by microscopy of cell attachment and biofilm formation patterns of the crenarchaeotes Sulfolobus metallicus DSM 6482(T) and the Acidianus isolates DSM 29038 and DSM 29099 in pure and mixed cultures on sulfur or pyrite were studied. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) combined with fluorescent dyes as well as fluorescently labeled lectins were used to visualize different components (e.g. DNA, proteins or glycoconjugates) of the aforementioned species. The data indicate that cell attachment and the subsequently formed biofilms were species- and substrate-dependent. Pyrite leaching experiments coupled with pre-colonization and further inoculation with a second species suggest that both species may negatively influence each other during pyrite leaching with respect to initial attachment and pyrite dissolution rates. In addition, the investigation of binary biofilms on pyrite showed that both species were heterogeneously distributed on pyrite surfaces in the form of individual cells or microcolonies. Physical contact between the two species seems to occur, as revealed by specific lectins able to specifically bind single species within mixed cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Castro
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI, CCT La Plata - CONICET, UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), calle 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ruiyong Zhang
- Biofilm Centre, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Jing Liu
- Biofilm Centre, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Sören Bellenberg
- Biofilm Centre, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas R Neu
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Brueckstrasse 3A, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Edgardo Donati
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI, CCT La Plata - CONICET, UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), calle 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Wolfgang Sand
- Biofilm Centre, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Mario Vera
- Biofilm Centre, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 782-0436 Santiago, Chile.
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