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Ali S, Baloch SB, Bernas J, Konvalina P, Onyebuchi EF, Naveed M, Ali H, Jamali ZH, Nezhad MTK, Mustafa A. Phytotoxicity of radionuclides: A review of sources, impacts and remediation strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117479. [PMID: 37884073 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Various anthropogenic activities and natural sources contribute to the presence of radioactive materials in the environment, posing a serious threat to phytotoxicity. Contamination of soil and water by radioactive isotopes degrades the environmental quality and biodiversity. They persist in soils for a considerable amount of time and disturb the fauna and flora of any affected area. Hence, their removal from the contaminated medium is inevitable to prevent their entry into the food chain and the organisms at higher levels of the food chain. Physicochemical methods for radioactive element remediation are effective; however, they are not eco-friendly, can be expensive and impractical for large-scale remediation. Contrastingly, different bioremediation approaches, such as phytoremediation using appropriate plant species for removing the radionuclides from the polluted sites, and microbe-based remediation, represent promising alternatives for cleanup. In this review, sources of radionuclides in soil as well as their hazardous impacts on plants are discussed. Moreover, various conventional physicochemical approaches used for remediation discussed in detail. Similarly, the effectiveness and superiority of various bioremediation approaches, such as phytoremediation and microbe-based remediation, over traditional approaches have been explained in detail. In the end, future perspectives related to enhancing the efficiency of the phytoremediation process have been elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzaib Ali
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sadia Babar Baloch
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Bernas
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Konvalina
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eze Festus Onyebuchi
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Ali
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Zameer Hussain Jamali
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mohammad Tahsin Karimi Nezhad
- Department of Forest Ecology, The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental 13 Gardening, Lidicka, 25/27, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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Ge L, Song L, Wang L, Li Y, Sun Y, Wang C, Chen J, Wu G, Pan A, Wu Y, Quan Z, Li P. Evaluating response mechanisms of soil microbiomes and metabolomes to Bt toxin additions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130904. [PMID: 36860032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation and persistence of Bt toxins in soils from Bt plants and Bt biopesticides may result in environmental hazards such as adverse impacts on soil microorganisms. However, the dynamic relationships among exogenous Bt toxins, soil characteristics, and soil microorganisms are not well understood. Cry1Ab is one of the most commonly used Bt toxins and was added to soils in this study to evaluate subsequent changes in soil physiochemical properties, microbial taxa, microbial functional genes, and metabolites profiles via 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing, high-throughput qPCR, metagenomic shotgun sequencing, and untargeted metabolomics. Higher additions of Bt toxins led to higher concentrations of soil organic matter (SOM), ammonium (NH+4-N), and nitrite (NO2--N) compared against controls without addition after 100 days of soil incubation. High-throughput qPCR analysis and shotgun metagenomic sequencing analysis revealed that the 500 ng/g Bt toxin addition significantly affected profiles of soil microbial functional genes involved in soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling after 100 days of incubation. Furthermore, combined metagenomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that the 500 ng/g Bt toxin addition significantly altered low molecular weight metabolite profiles of soils. Importantly, some of these altered metabolites are involved in soil nutrient cycling, and robust associations were identified among differentially abundant metabolites and microorganisms due to Bt toxin addition treatments. Taken together, these results suggest that higher levels of Bt toxin addition can alter soil nutrients, probably by affecting the activities of Bt toxin-degrading microorganisms. These dynamics would then activate other microorganisms involved in nutrient cycling, finally leading to broad changes in metabolite profiles. Notably, the addition of Bt toxins did not cause the accumulation of potential microbial pathogens in soils, nor did it adversely affect the diversity and stability of microbial communities. This study provides new insights into the putative mechanistic associations among Bt toxins, soil characteristics, and microorganisms, providing new understanding into the ecological impacts of Bt toxins on soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Lili Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Jun Chen
- East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Guogan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Aihu Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yunfei Wu
- The College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhexue Quan
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China.
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3
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Li P, Ye S, Chen J, Wang L, Li Y, Ge L, Wu G, Song L, Wang C, Sun Y, Wang J, Pan A, Quan Z, Wu Y. Combined metagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that Bt rice planting alters soil C-N metabolism. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:4. [PMID: 36690796 PMCID: PMC9870860 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The environmental impacts of genetically modified (GM) plants remain a controversial global issue. To address these issues, comprehensive environmental risk assessments of GM plants is critical for the sustainable development and application of transgenic technology. In this paper, significant differences were not observed between microbial metagenomic and metabolomic profiles in surface waters of the Bt rice (T1C-1, the transgenic line) and non-Bt cultivars (Minghui 63 (the isogenic line) and Zhonghua 11 (the conventional japonica cultivar)). In contrast, differences in these profiles were apparent in the rhizospheres. T1C-1 planting increased soil microbiome diversity and network stability, but did not significantly alter the abundances of potential probiotic or phytopathogenic microorganisms compared with Minghui 63 and Zhonghua 11, which revealed no adverse effects of T1C-1 on soil microbial communities. T1C-1 planting could significantly alter soil C and N, probably via the regulation of the abundances of enzymes related to soil C and N cycling. In addition, integrated multi-omic analysis of root exudate metabolomes and soil microbiomes showed that the abundances of various metabolites released as root exudates were significantly correlated with subsets of microbial populations including the Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes that were differentially abundant in T1C-1 and Mnghui 63 soils. Finally, the potential for T1C-1-associated root metabolites to exert growth effects on T1C-1-associated species was experimentally validated by analysis of bacterial cultures, revealing that Bt rice planting could selectively modulate specific root microbiota. Overall, this study indicate that Bt rice can directly modulate rhizosphere microbiome assemblages by altering the metabolic compositions of root exudates that then alters soil metabolite profiles and physiochemical properties. This study unveils the mechanistic associations of Bt plant-microorganism-environment, which provides comprehensive insights into the potential ecological impacts of GM plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201106, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agricultural Sci-Tech (Group) Co., Ltd, 201106, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shuifeng Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, 334001, Shangrao, China
| | - Jun Chen
- East China University of Technology, 330013, Nanchang, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Guogan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinbin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihu Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhexue Quan
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yunfei Wu
- The College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China.
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Effects of Insect-Resistant Maize 2A-7 Expressing mCry1Ab and mCry2Ab on the Soil Ecosystem. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172218. [PMID: 36079599 PMCID: PMC9460336 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic maize 2A-7 expressing mCry1Ab and mCry2Ab has excellent resistance to lepidopteran pests. Previous studies have investigated the effects of several Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins on the soil. However, the effects of artificially modified Bt proteins on soil ecosystems are still unclear. To evaluate the effects of transgenic maize 2A-7 on soil, the physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and functional diversities of the microbial communities in rhizosphere soils from 2A-7 and its near-isogenic non-transgenic control Dongdan 6531 were analyzed at different developmental stages under field conditions. The alteration of six physicochemical properties (pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, organic matter, available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen) and six functional enzymes (catalase, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, acid phosphatase, urease and alkaline protease) activities in the rhizosphere soils between the two maize cultivars were drastically correlated with plant growth stage, but not affected by the artificially modified Bt transgenes. An analysis of time-course Biolog data revealed that the functional diversity of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of 2A-7 and its control were similar at each developmental stage. The results suggest that transgenic maize 2A-7 has no significant impact on the soil ecosystem and provide valuable information on scientific safety assessments of 2A-7 and its commercial applications.
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Li Y, Wang C, Ge L, Hu C, Wu G, Sun Y, Song L, Wu X, Pan A, Xu Q, Shi J, Liang J, Li P. Environmental Behaviors of Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt) Insecticidal Proteins and Their Effects on Microbial Ecology. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11091212. [PMID: 35567212 PMCID: PMC9100956 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bt proteins are crystal proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in the early stage of spore formation that exhibit highly specific insecticidal activities. The application of Bt proteins primarily includes Bt transgenic plants and Bt biopesticides. Transgenic crops with insect resistance (via Bt)/herbicide tolerance comprise the largest global area of agricultural planting. After artificial modification, Bt insecticidal proteins expressed from Bt can be released into soils through root exudates, pollen, and plant residues. In addition, the construction of Bt recombinant engineered strains through genetic engineering has become a major focus of Bt biopesticides, and the expressed Bt proteins will also remain in soil environments. Bt proteins expressed and released by Bt transgenic plants and Bt recombinant strains are structurally and functionally quite different from Bt prototoxins naturally expressed by B. thuringiensis in soils. The former can thus be regarded as an environmentally exogenous substance with insecticidal toxicity that may have potential ecological risks. Consequently, biosafety evaluations must be conducted before field tests and production of Bt plants or recombinant strains. This review summarizes the adsorption, retention, and degradation behavior of Bt insecticidal proteins in soils, in addition to their impacts on soil physical and chemical properties along with soil microbial diversity. The review provides a scientific framework for evaluating the environmental biosafety of Bt transgenic plants, Bt transgenic microorganisms, and their expression products. In addition, prospective research targets, research methods, and evaluation methods are highlighted based on current research of Bt proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Li
- College of Food Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Lei Ge
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Cong Hu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Guogan Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Lili Song
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Aihu Pan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Qinqing Xu
- Shandong County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinan 250003, China;
| | - Jialiang Shi
- Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou 253000, China;
| | - Jingang Liang
- Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100176, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (P.L.)
| | - Peng Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agricultural Sci-Tech (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201106, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (P.L.)
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Wu N, Shi W, Liu W, Gao Z, Han L, Wang X. Differential impact of Bt-transgenic rice plantings on bacterial community in three niches over consecutive years. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112569. [PMID: 34352582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic-Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops express insecticidal proteins, which can accumulate in plants and soil where they may influence microbial populations. The impact of Bt crops on bacterial communities has only been assessed under short-term, and results have been contradictory. Here, we analyzed the bacterial communities in three niches, rhizosphere soil (RS), root endosphere (RE) and leaf endosphere (LE), of three Bt rice and their non-Bt parental lines for three consecutive years by high-throughput sequencing. In principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and PERMANOVA (Adonis) analysis, operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were clustered primarily by niche type and differed significantly in the RE and LE but not in the RS between each of three Bt lines compared with the non-Bt rice line, and not in each respective niche among the three Bt rice lines. The bacterial communities in the RS of different rice lines over the 3 years were clustered mainly by year rather than by lines. The differential bacterial taxa among the lines did not overlap between years, presumably because Cry proteins are rapidly degraded in the soil. A network analysis of RS bacterial communities showed that the network complexity and density for the three Bt rice lines did not decrease compared with those for the non-Bt line. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that bacterial communities differed significantly in RE and LE between Bt and non-Bt rice lines, but the differences were mild and transient, and had no adverse impact on RS over the 3 years. This study provides favorable evidence in support of the commercialization of Bt rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wencong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Lanzhi Han
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Yan L, Le QV, Sonne C, Yang Y, Yang H, Gu H, Ma NL, Lam SS, Peng W. Phytoremediation of radionuclides in soil, sediments and water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124771. [PMID: 33388721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil and water contaminated with radionuclides threaten the environment and public health during leaks from nuclear power plants. Remediation of radionuclides at the contaminated sites uses mainly physical and chemical methods such as vitrification, chemical immobilization, electro-kinetic remediation and soil excavation, capping and washing being among the preferred methods. These traditional technologies are however costly and less suitable for dealing with large-area pollution. In contrast to this, cost-effective and environment-friendly alternatives such as phytoremediation using plants to remove radionuclides from polluted sites in situ represent promising alternatives for environmental cleanup. Understanding the physiology and molecular mechanisms of radionuclides accumulation in plants is essential to optimize and improve this new remediation technology. Here, we give an overview of radionuclide contamination in the environment and biochemical characteristics for uptake, transport, and compartmentation of radionuclides in plants that characterize phytoextraction and its efficiency. Phytoextraction is an eco-friendly and efficient method for environmental removal of radionuclides at contaminated sites such as mine tailings. Selecting the most proper plant for the specific purpose, however, is important to obtain the best result together with, for example, applying soil amendments such as citric acid. In addition, using genetic engineering and optimizing agronomic management practices including regulation of atmospheric CO2 concentration, reasonable measures of fertilization and rational water management are important as well. For future application, the technique needs commercialization in order to fully exploit the technique at mining activities and nuclear industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yan
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Christian Sonne
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark.
| | - Yafeng Yang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Han Yang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Haiping Gu
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Nyuk Ling Ma
- Faculty of Science & Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wanxi Peng
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Wang Z, Hu C, Sun Y, Jiang W, Wu G, Pan A, Li P, Tang X. Production and characterization of the 13 C/ 15 N single-labeled insecticidal protein Cry1Ab/Ac using recombinant Escherichia coli. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1125. [PMID: 33058518 PMCID: PMC7658450 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic Cry1Ab/Ac proteins expressed by genetically modified (GM) crops have a high potential to control insect pests without utilizing large amounts of chemical insecticides. Before these crops are used in agriculture, the environmental fate and interactions in the soil must be understood. Stable isotope-labeled Cry1Ab/Ac protein is a highly useful tool for collecting such data. We developed a protocol to produce 13 C/15 N single-labeled Cry proteins. The artificially synthesized gene Cry1Ab/Ac of Bt rice Huahui No. 1, which has been certified by the Chinese government to be safe for human consumption, was subcloned into pUC57, and the expression vector pET-28a-CryAb/Ac was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) competent cells. Next, 0.2 mM isopropyl thiogalactoside (IPTG) was added to these cells and cultured at 37°C for 4 h to induce the synthesis and formation of inclusion bodies in M9 growth media containing either [U-13 C] glucose (5% 13 C-enriched) or [15 N] ammonium chloride (5% 15 N-enriched). Then, Cry inclusion bodies were dissolved in urea and purified by affinity chromatography under denaturing conditions, renatured by dialysis, and further detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting. The purities of 13 C/15 N-labeled Cry proteins reached 99% with amounts of 12.6 mg/L and 8.8 mg/L, respectively. The δ 13 C and ä 15 N values of 13 C-labeled Cry protein and 15 N-labeled Cry protein were 3,269‰ and 2,854‰, respectively. A bioassay test revealed that the labeled Cry1Ab/Ac proteins had strong insecticidal activity. The stable isotope-labeled insecticidal Cry proteins produced for the first time in this study will provide an experimental basis for future metabolic studies on Cry proteins in soil and the characteristics of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) transformations. Our findings may also be employed as a reference for elucidating the environmental behavior and ecological effects of BT plants and expressed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Wang
- Biotechnology Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology of Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Hu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Biotechnology Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Biotechnology Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Guogan Wu
- Biotechnology Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihu Pan
- Biotechnology Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Biotechnology Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueming Tang
- Biotechnology Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
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9
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Absorption, translocation, and effects of Bt Cry1Ac peptides from transgenic cotton to the intercrops and soil functional bacteria. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17294. [PMID: 33057018 PMCID: PMC7557920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Insecticidal proteins encoded by the truncated genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in transgenic crops are released into soil mainly through root exudate and crop residues. In the present study, Bt Cry1Ac protein was hydrolyzed by pronase that was secreted by the soil bacterium Streptomyces griseus. Six peptides were identified as the products of enzymatic hydrolysis by nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). One of the six peptides was labeled with radioactive isotope iodine-125 and then purified. The 125I-peptide solution was irrigated to the rhizosphere soil of watermelon seedlings (Citrullus lanatus L.) and wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.), which the two crops usually intercrop with cotton in China. Detection of radioactivity in both plant tissues within one hour proved adsorption, uptake and translocation of the peptide into watermelon and wheat seedlings. Three of the identified peptides were sprayed onto the seedling leaves of watermelon, wheat and maize (Zea mays L.) in the field or the growth chamber. No significant effects on plant growth were observed. These peptides also did not affect growth of organic phosphate-dissolving, nitrogen-fixing, and potassium-dissolving bacteria in the culture. This study provides a new view of GMO risk assessment methodology.
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10
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Song Y, Liu J, Chen F. Elevated CO 2 not increased temperature has specific effects on soil nematode community either with planting of transgenic Bt rice or non- Bt rice. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8547. [PMID: 32095364 PMCID: PMC7023840 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgenic Bt rice has not been approved for commercial cultivation because of the fierce public debate on food safety, biosafety regulation and ecological risk. Meanwhile, the concentration of CO2 and temperature in the atmosphere, as important environmental factors affecting the persistence of exogenous Bt protein, have increased. Elevated CO2, increased temperature, the planting of transgenic Bt rice and their interactions may further influence the structure and complexity of soil food web. However, the effects of transgenic Bt rice planting on soil organism remain largely unexplored before its commercial production especially under global climate change. METHODS Here, we assessed the influences of transgenic Bt rice (cv. HH with fused Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac in contrast to its parental line of non-Bt rice cv. MH63) on soil nematode communities under the conditions of elevated CO2 concentration and increased temperature for 2 years of 2016 and 2017 in open-top chambers located in Ningjin County, Shandong Province of China. RESULTS Elevated CO2 concentration remarkably increased the abundance of fungivores and significantly decreased their nematode channel ratio (NCR) and enrichment index (EI) irrespective of rice variety (transgenic Bt rice or non-Bt rice) or temperature (normal temperature or increased temperature). Additionally, rice variety and temperature did not significantly change soil nematode composition, abundance and ecological indices (including total maturity index (∑MI), Shannon diversity (H'), structure index (SI), NCR and EI). However, apparent seasonal changes were observed in theses aforementioned variables. DISCUSSION These results suggested that atmospheric CO2 concentration but not temperature or rice variety has great impacts on soil nematode community, especially fungivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Song
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Szoboszlay M, Näther A, Mullins E, Tebbe CC. Annual replication is essential in evaluating the response of the soil microbiome to the genetic modification of maize in different biogeographical regions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222737. [PMID: 31846458 PMCID: PMC6917299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of geographic location and annual variation on the detection of differences in the rhizomicrobiome caused by the genetic modification of maize (Bt-maize, event MON810) was evaluated at experimental field sites across Europe including Sweden, Denmark, Slovakia and Spain. DNA of the rhizomicrobiome was collected at the maize flowering stage in three consecutive years and analyzed for the abundance and diversity of PCR-amplified structural genes of Bacteria, Archaea and Fungi, and functional genes for bacterial nitrite reductases (nirS, nirK). The nirK genes were always more abundant than nirS. Maize MON810 did not significantly alter the abundance of any microbial genetic marker, except for sporadically detected differences at individual sites and years. In contrast, annual variation between sites was often significant and variable depending on the targeted markers. Distinct, site-specific microbial communities were detected but the sites in Denmark and Sweden were similar to each other. A significant effect of the genetic modification of the plant on the community structure in the rhizosphere was detected among the nirK denitrifiers at the Slovakian site in only one year. However, most nirK sequences with opposite response were from the same or related source organisms suggesting that the transient differences in community structure did not translate to the functional level. Our results show a lack of effect of the genetic modification of maize on the rhizosphere microbiome that would be stable and consistent over multiple years. This demonstrates the importance of considering annual variability in assessing environmental effects of genetically modified crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Szoboszlay
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Astrid Näther
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ewen Mullins
- Teagasc, Agriculture and Food Development Authority, Dept. Crop Science, Oak Park, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Christoph C. Tebbe
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Taranenko AM. GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF PLANTS CONTAINING THE SYNTHETIC cry1Ab GENE ENCODING RESISTANCE TO LEPIDOPTERAN PESTS. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2019. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech12.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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13
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Huang CW, Chen WJ, Ke X, Li Y, Luan YX. A multi-generational risk assessment of Cry1F on the non-target soil organism Folsomia candida (Collembola) based on whole transcriptome profiling. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6924. [PMID: 31123641 PMCID: PMC6512762 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1F has been used to develop insect-resistant genetically engineered crops. There has been great interest in evaluating its potential risk to non-target organisms (NTOs). However, the majority of previous risk assessments only examined one generation of NTOs using several physiological indicators, which cannot comprehensively detect some potential sub-lethal effects at the molecular level. In this study, we conducted a laboratory-based, multi-generational risk assessment of Cry1F for the collembolan Folsomia candida, an important representative of soil arthropods in terms of survival, reproduction, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified from whole transcriptome profiles. Our results demonstrated that Cry1F was continuously ingested by collembolans over three consecutive generations, but it did not affect the survival or reproduction of F. candida. There were no significant differences in the global gene expression between F. candida—fed diets with and without Cry1F, and no consistent co-expressed DEGs over three generations. In addition, Cry1F did not obviously alter the expression profiles of seven sensitive biological markers. Our composite data indicates that Cry1F had no long-term harmful effects on collembolan F. candida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Ke
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Xia Luan
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Li P, Xue Y, Shi J, Pan A, Tang X, Ming F. The response of dominant and rare taxa for fungal diversity within different root environments to the cultivation of Bt and conventional cotton varieties. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:184. [PMID: 30336777 PMCID: PMC6194802 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops have been cultivated at a large scale over the past several decades, which have raised concern about unintended effects on natural environments. Microbial communities typically contain numerous rare taxa that make up the majority of community populations. However, the response of dominant and rare taxa for fungal diversity to the different root environments of Bt plants remains unclear. RESULTS We quantified fungal population sizes and community composition via quantitative PCR of ITS genes and 18S rRNA gene sequencing of, respectively, that were associated with Bt and conventional cotton variety rhizosphere soils from different plant growth stages. qPCR analyses indicated that fungal abundances reached their peak at the seedling stage and that the taproots and lateral root rhizospheres of the Bt cotton SGK321 were significantly different. However, no significant differences in population sizes were detected between the same root zones from Bt and the conventional cotton varieties. The overall patterns of fungal genera abundances followed that of the dominant genera, whereas overall patterns of fungal genera richness followed those of the rare genera. These results suggest that the dominant and rare taxa play different roles in the maintenance of rhizosphere microhabitat ecosystems. Cluster analyses indicated a separation of fungal communities based on the lateral roots or taproots from the three cotton varieties at the seedling stage, suggesting that root microhabitats had marked effects on fungal community composition. Redundancy analyses indicated that pH was more correlated to soil fungal community composition than Bt protein content. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these results indicate that dominant and rare fungal taxa differentially contribute to community dynamics in different root microhabitats of both Bt and conventional cotton varieties. Moreover, these results showed that the rhizosphere fungal community of Bt cotton did not respond significantly to the presence of Bt protein when compared to the two conventional cotton varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yong Xue
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Jialiang Shi
- Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou, 253000, China
| | - Aihu Pan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Xueming Tang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China.
| | - Feng Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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15
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Li P, Li Y, Shi J, Yu Z, Pan A, Tang X, Ming F. Impact of transgenic Cry1Ac + CpTI cotton on diversity and dynamics of rhizosphere bacterial community of different root environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:233-243. [PMID: 29751306 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the diversity and dynamics of rhizosphere bacterial community, especially the response of dominant and rare bacterial taxa to the cultivation of Bt cotton for different root environments at different growth stages. qPCR analyses indicated that bacterial abundances of the taproots and lateral root rhizospheres of the Bt cotton SGK321 were significantly different at seedling and bolling stages. But no significant differences were detected between the same root zones from Bt and the conventional cotton varieties. Total bacterial genera had similar pattern with dominant genera in abundance, and with rare genera in richness to the changes of bacterial community, respectively. Although the rhizosphere bacterial diversity of the three cotton varieties changed in taproot and lateral root, no significant differences were detected in the same root environments between Bt and conventional cotton. Moreover, Soil pH was more correlated with variations in the bacterial community composition than Bt proteins. In conclusion, these results revealed no indication that rhizosphere bacterial community of Bt cotton had different response to increased Bt protein regarding the same root environment. In particular, dominant and rare bacterial taxa showed the variation in diversity and community composition in different root microhabitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yongchun Li
- School of Environmental and Resources, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jialiang Shi
- Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou 253000, China
| | - Zhibo Yu
- Faculty of Sciences, Paris-Sud University, 300-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Aihu Pan
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Xueming Tang
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China.
| | - Feng Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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16
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Li P, Ye S, Liu H, Pan A, Ming F, Tang X. Cultivation of Drought-Tolerant and Insect-Resistant Rice Affects Soil Bacterial, but Not Fungal, Abundances and Community Structures. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1390. [PMID: 30008701 PMCID: PMC6033987 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of rice varieties with stacked drought tolerance and insect resistance on soil microbiomes are poorly understood. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects resulting from the cultivation of the drought-tolerant and insect-resistant rice cultivar, Hanhui3T, on soil physical-chemical properties, and bacterial and fungal community composition. Soil samples of Hanhui3T and conventional rice varieties (Hanhui3 and Zhonghua11) were collected in triplicate at the booting stage, and bacterial and fungal population sizes and community structures were assessed using qPCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing, respectively. The Bt protein concentration of Hanhui3T was significantly higher than that of Hanhui3 and Zhonghua11, while the pH of Hanhui3T was significantly lower. Bacterial population sizes and community composition were significantly different between Hanhui3T and Hanhui3 (or Zhonghua11), while no similar effects were observed for fungal communities. These differences suggest that the effect of Hanhui3T cultivation on bacterial community composition is stronger than the effect on fungal communities. Moreover, bacterial abundance was positively correlated to soil pH, while bacterial community structure variations were mainly driven by soil pH and Bt protein concentration differences. In conclusion, the abundances and structure of bacterial communities were altered in rhizosphere with Hanhui3T cultivation that changed soil pH and Bt protein concentrations, while fungal communities displayed no such responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics-Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuifeng Ye
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Liu
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihu Pan
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics-Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueming Tang
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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17
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Zhaolei L, Naishun B, Xueping C, Jun C, Manqiu X, Zhiping S, Ming N, Changming F. Soil incubation studies with Cry1Ac protein indicate no adverse effect of Bt crops on soil microbial communities. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 152:33-41. [PMID: 29407780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bt crops that are transgenic crops engineered to produce Bt toxins which occur naturally with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been widely planted and its environmental risk assessment has been heavily debated. The effects of Bt crops on soil microbial communities are possible through changing the quantity and quality of C inputs and potential toxic activity of Bt protein on soil organisms. To date, the direct effects of Bt protein on soil microorganisms is unclear. Here we added Cry1Ac, one of the most commonly used Bt protein in Bt crops, to the soil and monitored changes in soil bacterial, fungal and archaeal diversities and community structures using ribosomal DNA-fingerprinting method, as well as their population sizes by real-time PCR over a 100-day period. Despite the fact that variations were observed in the indices of evenness, diversity and population sizes of bacteria, fungi and archaea with different Cry1Ac addition rates up to 100ngg-1 soil, the indices of soil microbial diversities and evennesses did not significantly shift with Cry1Ac protein addition, nor did population sizes change over time. The diversities of the dominant bacteria, fungi and archaea were not significantly changed, given Cry1Ac protein addition rates over a period of 100 days. These results suggested that Bt protein derived by cultivations of transgenic Bt crops is unlikely to cause transient or even persisting significant changes in soil microorganisms in field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhaolei
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, The Institution of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bu Naishun
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Xueping
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Jun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, The Institution of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Manqiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, The Institution of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Zhiping
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, The Institution of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nie Ming
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, The Institution of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Changming
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, The Institution of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Li P, Ye S, Liu H, Pan A, Ming F, Tang X. Cultivation of Drought-Tolerant and Insect-Resistant Rice Affects Soil Bacterial, but Not Fungal, Abundances and Community Structures. Front Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 30008701 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01390/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The impacts of rice varieties with stacked drought tolerance and insect resistance on soil microbiomes are poorly understood. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects resulting from the cultivation of the drought-tolerant and insect-resistant rice cultivar, Hanhui3T, on soil physical-chemical properties, and bacterial and fungal community composition. Soil samples of Hanhui3T and conventional rice varieties (Hanhui3 and Zhonghua11) were collected in triplicate at the booting stage, and bacterial and fungal population sizes and community structures were assessed using qPCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing, respectively. The Bt protein concentration of Hanhui3T was significantly higher than that of Hanhui3 and Zhonghua11, while the pH of Hanhui3T was significantly lower. Bacterial population sizes and community composition were significantly different between Hanhui3T and Hanhui3 (or Zhonghua11), while no similar effects were observed for fungal communities. These differences suggest that the effect of Hanhui3T cultivation on bacterial community composition is stronger than the effect on fungal communities. Moreover, bacterial abundance was positively correlated to soil pH, while bacterial community structure variations were mainly driven by soil pH and Bt protein concentration differences. In conclusion, the abundances and structure of bacterial communities were altered in rhizosphere with Hanhui3T cultivation that changed soil pH and Bt protein concentrations, while fungal communities displayed no such responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics-Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuifeng Ye
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Liu
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihu Pan
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics-Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueming Tang
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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19
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Griffiths NA, Tank JL, Royer TV, Rosi EJ, Shogren AJ, Frauendorf TC, Whiles MR. Occurrence, leaching, and degradation of Cry1Ab protein from transgenic maize detritus in agricultural streams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 592:97-105. [PMID: 28314135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The insecticidal Cry1Ab protein expressed by transgenic (Bt) maize can enter adjacent water bodies via multiple pathways, but its fate in stream ecosystems is not as well studied as in terrestrial systems. In this study, we used a combination of field sampling and laboratory experiments to examine the occurrence, leaching, and degradation of soluble Cry1Ab protein derived from Bt maize in agricultural streams. We surveyed 11 agricultural streams in northwestern Indiana, USA, on 6 dates that encompassed the growing season, crop harvest, and snowmelt/spring flooding, and detected Cry1Ab protein in the water column and in flowing subsurface tile drains at concentrations of 3-60ng/L. In a series of laboratory experiments, submerged Bt maize leaves leached Cry1Ab into stream water with 1% of the protein remaining in leaves after 70d. Laboratory experiments suggested that dissolved Cry1Ab protein degraded rapidly in microcosms containing water-column microorganisms, and light did not enhance breakdown by stimulating assimilatory uptake of the protein by autotrophs. The common detection of Cry1Ab protein in streams sampled across an agricultural landscape, combined with laboratory studies showing rapid leaching and degradation, suggests that Cry1Ab may be pseudo-persistent at the watershed scale due to the multiple input pathways from the surrounding terrestrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Griffiths
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Tank
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Todd V Royer
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, 1315 East Tenth Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Emma J Rosi
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 6525 N. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60626, USA
| | - Arial J Shogren
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Therese C Frauendorf
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Matt R Whiles
- Department of Zoology and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6501, USA
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Naegeli H, Birch AN, Casacuberta J, De Schrijver A, Gralak MA, Guerche P, Jones H, Manachini B, Messéan A, Nielsen EE, Nogué F, Robaglia C, Rostoks N, Sweet J, Tebbe C, Visioli F, Wal JM, Gennaro A, Neri FM, Paraskevopoulos K. Scientific Opinion on application EFSA-GMO-BE-2013-117 for authorisation of genetically modified maize MON 87427 × MON 89034 × NK603 and subcombinations independently of their origin, for food and feed uses, import and processing submitted under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 by Monsanto Company. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04922. [PMID: 32625613 PMCID: PMC7010211 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this opinion, the EFSA Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO Panel) assessed the three-event stack maize MON 87427 × MON 89034 × NK603 and its three subcombinations, independently of their origin. The GMO Panel has previously assessed the three single events combined to produce this three-event stack maize and did not identify safety concerns. No new data on the single events, leading to modification of the original conclusions on their safety, were identified. Based on the molecular, agronomic, phenotypic and compositional characteristics, the combination of the single maize events and of the newly expressed proteins in the three-event stack maize did not give rise to issues regarding food and feed safety or nutrition. In the case of accidental release of viable grains of maize MON 87427 × MON 89034 × NK603 into the environment, the three-event stack maize would not raise environmental safety concerns. The GMO Panel concludes that the three-event stack maize is as safe and as nutritious as the non-GM comparator and the tested non-GM reference varieties in the context of its scope. The GMO Panel considered that its previous conclusions on the two-event stack maize MON 89034 × NK603 remain valid. For the two maize subcombinations for which no experimental data were provided the GMO Panel assessed the likelihood of interactions among the single events, and concluded that their combination would not raise safety concerns. These two subcombinations are therefore expected to be as safe as the single events, the previously assessed maize MON 89034 × NK603 and maize MON 87427 × MON 89034 × NK603. Since the post-market environmental monitoring plan for the three-event stack maize does not include any provisions for the two subcombinations not previously assessed, the GMO Panel recommended the applicant to revise the plan accordingly.
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21
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Naegeli H, Birch AN, Casacuberta J, De Schrijver A, Gralak MA, Guerche P, Jones H, Manachini B, Messéan A, Nielsen EE, Nogué F, Robaglia C, Rostoks N, Sweet J, Tebbe C, Visioli F, Wal JM, Álvarez F, Lanzoni A, Paraskevopoulos K. Scientific Opinion on application EFSA-GMO-BE-2013-118 for authorisation of genetically modified maize MON 87427 × MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122 and subcombinations independently of their origin, for food and feed uses, import and processing submitted under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 by Monsanto Company. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04921. [PMID: 32625612 PMCID: PMC7009856 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this opinion, the GMO Panel assessed the five‐event stack maize MON 87427 × MON 89034 ×1507 × MON 88017 × 59122 and its 25 subcombinations, independently of their origin. The GMO Panel has previously assessed the five single events combined to produce this five‐event stack maize and 11 subcombinations of these events and did not identify safety concerns. No new data on the single events or their previously assessed subcombinations, leading to modification of the original conclusions were identified. The combination of the single events and of the newly expressed proteins in the five‐event stack maize did not give rise to issues – based on the molecular, agronomic/phenotypic or compositional characteristics – regarding food and feed safety and nutrition. Considering the scope of this application, the known biological function of the newly expressed proteins and the data available for the five‐event stack maize and its previously assessed maize subcombinations, the GMO Panel considered that different combinations of the single events would not raise environmental concerns. The GMO Panel concludes that the five‐event stack maize is as safe and as nutritious as the non‐genetically modified (GM) comparator and the tested non‐GM reference varieties in the context of its scope. For the 14 maize subcombinations for which no experimental data were provided, the GMO Panel assessed the likelihood of interactions among the single events, and concluded that their combinations would not raise safety concerns. These maize subcombinations are therefore expected to be as safe as the single events, the previously assessed subcombinations and maize MON 87427 ×MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122. Since the post‐market environmental monitoring plan for the five‐event stack maize does not include any provisions for the 14 maize subcombinations not previously assessed, the GMO Panel recommended the applicant to revise the plan accordingly.
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Naegeli H, Birch AN, Casacuberta J, De Schrijver A, Gralak MA, Guerche P, Jones H, Manachini B, Messéan A, Nielsen EE, Nogué F, Robaglia C, Rostoks N, Sweet J, Tebbe C, Visioli F, Wal J, Divéki Z, Fernández‐Dumont A, Gennaro A, Lanzoni A, Maria Neri F, Paraskevopoulos K. Scientific Opinion on an application by Dow AgroSciences (EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2013‐116) for placing on the market of genetically modified insect‐resistant soybean DAS‐81419‐2 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003. EFSA J 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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23
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Scientific opinion on application (EFSA-GMO-NL-2011-96) for the placing on the market of genetically modified insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant cotton GHB119, for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Baye. EFSA J 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Sun C, Geng L, Wang M, Shao G, Liu Y, Shu C, Zhang J. No adverse effects of transgenic maize on population dynamics of endophytic Bacillus subtilis strain B916-gfp. Microbiologyopen 2016; 6. [PMID: 27666942 PMCID: PMC5300882 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacterial communities play a key role in promoting plant growth and combating plant diseases. However, little is known about their population dynamics in plant tissues and bulk soil, especially in transgenic crops. This study investigated the colonization of transgenic maize harboring the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cry1Ah gene by Bacillus subtilis strain B916‐gfp present in plant tissues and soil. Bt and nontransgenic maize were inoculated with B916‐gfp by seed soaking, or root irrigation under both laboratory greenhouse and field conditions. During the growing season, B916‐gfp colonized transgenic as well as nontransgenic plants by both inoculation methods. No differences were observed in B916‐gfp population size between transgenic and nontransgenic plants, except at one or two time points in the roots and stems that did not persist over the examination period. Furthermore, planting transgenic maize did not affect the number of B916‐gfp in bulk soil in either laboratory or field trials. These results indicate that transgenic modification of maize with the cry1Ah gene has no influence on colonization by the endophytic bacteria B916‐gfp present in the plant and in bulk soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongsi Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoxiang Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Changlong Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Scientific Opinion on an application by Syngenta (EFSA‐GMO‐DE‐2011‐99) for the placing on the market of maize Bt11 × 59122 × MIR604 × 1507 × GA21 and twenty subcombinations, which have not been authorised previously independently of their origin, for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003. EFSA J 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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26
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Scientific Opinion on an application by Dow Agrosciences LLC (EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2009‐68) for placing on the market of cotton 281‐24‐236 × 3006‐210‐23 × MON 88913 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003. EFSA J 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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