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Banerjee A. Conceptualization of the comprehensive phyto-radiotoxicity incurred by radiocesium and strategies to expunge the metal using biotechnological and phytoremediative approaches. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108330. [PMID: 38181642 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural pollution with 137Cs is an ecological threat due to its sustained half-life and radioactivity. Release of radiocesium isotopes after major nuclear power plant accidents like the Fukushima Dai-ichi and the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disasters have severely affected the surrounding growth of agricultural crops and vegetables cultivated across extensive areas. Even years after the nuclear accidents, biosafety in these agricultural fields is still questionable. Due to similarity in charge and ionic radius between radiocesium and K+, the radionuclides are promiscuously uptaken via K+ channels expressed in plants. Bioaccumulation of radiocesium reportedly promotes physiological and anatomical anomalies in crops due to radiation and also affects the rhizospheric architecture. Due to radiation hazard, the ecological balance and quality are compromised and ingestion of such contaminated food results in irreversible health hazards. Recently, strategies like exogenous supplementation of K+ or genetic engineering of K+ channels were able to reduce radiocesium bioaccumulation in plants taking the advantage of competition between radiocesium and K+ translocation. Furthermore, bioremediation strategies like phycoremediation, mycoremediation, phytoremediation and rhizofiltration have also showed promising results for removing radiocesium from polluted sites. It has been proposed that these eco-friendly ways can be adopted to de-pollute the contaminated sites prior to subsequent cultivation of crops and vegetables. Hence it is essential to: 1) understand the basic radiotoxic effects of radiocesium on agricultural crops and surrounding vegetation and, 2) design sustainable ameliorative strategies to promote radiocesium tolerance for ensuring food and social security of the affected population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Banerjee
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Eissa F, Ezz El-Dein A. Irradiated and radioactively contaminated foods: Analysis of EU RASFF notifications from 1997 to 2022. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 270:107315. [PMID: 37866318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Food irradiation technique is an authorized tool used on a commercial scale in many countries to preserve different types of foodstuffs from deterioration caused by microorganisms, insects, and metabolic activity to prolong their shelf life without leaving any residual effect on processed foods, unlike preservatives and pesticides. This study was carried out to analyse the EU Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) notifications on food radiation from 1997 to 2022 in order to identify the most frequently reported products, their origin countries and associated reasons for notification, as well as the most notifying countries, product categories, notification classification, risk decisions, and actions taken. A total of 488 notifications were recorded during this time period. China was the most frequently notified origin country, accounting for 19.88% of all notifications, followed by the United States (11.68%), Russia (7.99%), Vietnam (7.17%), and Poland (5.53%). The top notified product categories were "dietetic foods, food supplements, and fortified foods" (37.09%), followed by fruits and vegetables (23.16%), herbs and spices (8.81%), and prepared dishes and snacks (5.53%). The top 5 notified products were food supplements (25.00%), mushrooms (20.70%), noodles (7.58%), tea (4.51%), and spices (3.69%). The four main reasons for food radiation notifications were unauthorized irradiation (57.58%), too high levels of radioactivity (22.34%), unlabeled irradiation (19.47%), and unauthorized facilities (14.96%). Too many notifications included more than one reason for the notification. Out of 109 notifications related to too-high levels of radioactivity (up to 10755 Bq/kg), 101 were due to the presence of 137Cs, 134Cs, 60Co, and 48Cd in mushrooms, mainly originating from Poland (25), Bulgaria (24), Ukraine (15), and Belarus (12). Such studies provide the necessary data to ensure food safety and encourage countries to implement comprehensive procedures to protect consumers health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzy Eissa
- Environment and Bio-agriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa Ezz El-Dein
- Department of Food Irradiation, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Huang WH, Huang CM, Lin CC, Yeh YL, Chen TC. ASSESSMENT OF DOSES FROM INGESTION OF RADIONUCLIDES 40 K, 137CS, 226RA AND 232TH IN EDIBLE COMMERCIAL MUSHROOMS FROM TAIWAN. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:1557-1564. [PMID: 36259550 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed activity concentration and annual effective dose of radionuclides 40K, 137Cs, 226Ra and 232Th of 44 mushrooms collected from local markets in Taiwan. The 40K activity concentrations were 1570 ± 150 Bq/kg-dw (Agaricus bisporus) > 1084 ± 183 Bq/kg-dw (Flammulina velutipe) > 736 ± 150 Bq/kg-dw (Lentinula edodes). The activity concentrations of 226Ra were 5.04 ± 2.43, 4.00 ± 2.40 and 3.43 ± 2.69 Bq/kg-dw, and 232Th were 3.96 ± 2.18, 3.86 ± 1.43 and 2.90 ± 1.99 Bq/kg-dw for F. velutipe, L. edodes and A. bisporus, respectively. In seven of the 44 samples, 137Cs activity concentrations were detected, and the samples had an average of 1.55 ± 1.75 Bq/kg-dw. The total annual effective dose ranged from 0.90 to 3.50 μSv/y, with an average of 1.94 ± 0.62 μSv/y at an ingestion rate of 0.235 kg-dw/y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lung Yeh
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chien Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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Huang WH, Lin CC, Liu YY, Huang CM, Yeh YL, Chen TC. Activity concentrations and bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of natural radionuclides ( 40 K, 226Ra, and 232Th) from cultivated substrates to mushrooms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:82512-82523. [PMID: 35752669 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examined 42 mushroom samples and corresponding cultivated substrates. The radionuclide activity concentrations and bioconcentration factor (BCF) from substrate-to-mushroom were determined. The substrate activity concentrations were 59.1-727.5, 4.5-37.6, and 4.0-53.0 Bq/kg dw (dry weight) for 40 K, 226Ra, and 232Th, respectively. The average 40 K concentrations were 1546.5, 1115.7, and 749.3 Bq/kg dw; the BCFs were 2.49, 3.56, and 5.58 for A. bisporus, F. velutipes, and L. edodes, respectively. The 40 K concentrations were insignificantly correlated with each species' corresponding substrate concentration. The 40 K BCFs had a significantly negative correlation with the substrate concentration for each species. Each mushroom species' 40 K concentration was almost stable, suggesting that 40 K has a regulated homeostasis for a given species. The average 226Ra concentrations were 5.5, 5.4, and 3.4 Bq/kg dw; the BCFs were 0.58, 0.17, and 0.50 for L. edodes, A. bisporus, and F. velutipes, respectively. The average 232Th concentrations were 4.7, 4.7, and 3.0 Bq/kg dw; the BCFs were 0.50, 0.11, and 0.53 for L. edodes, A. bisporus, and F. velutipes, respectively. The 226Ra and 232Th concentrations in mushrooms had a weak to moderate correlation with the cultivated substrate concentrations. The absorption of the 226Ra and 232Th from substrate-to-mushroom was similar to the hypothesis of the linear model that mushroom concentration yields a positive correlation with substrate concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yu Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lung Yeh
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Pingtung University Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chien Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
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Exemplifying the “wild boar paradox”: dynamics of cesium-137 contaminations in wild boars in Germany and Japan. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWild boars (Sus scrofa) are notorious for accumulating high contamination levels of 137Cs in their meat. Publicly available data of 137Cs contamination levels in wild boars from 2011 to 2019 were used to determine some radioecological characteristics in Germany (affected by Chernobyl-fallout, 1986) and Japan (affected Fukushima, 2011). The effective half-life of 137Cs in wild boar meat was much longer in Germany (7.3 y) than in Japan (2.6 y), respectively. Wild boars in Germany thus show much more persistent contamination levels than other game or forest animals. This unusual behavior has been termed “wild boar paradox.” In German wild boars, the data sets reveal a distinct geographical and seasonal dependence with higher activity concentrations in winter than in summer. In Japan, contamination levels only exhibit a distinct decline behavior.
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Strumińska-Parulska D, Falandysz J, Moniakowska A. On the occurrence, origin, and intake of the nuclides, 210Po and 210Pb, in sclerotia of Wolfiporia cocos collected in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27209-27221. [PMID: 34981392 PMCID: PMC8989818 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The dried sclerotium of the fungus Wolfiporia cocos is edible and has medicinal value. This study aimed to understand the accumulation of radioactivity arising from the alpha 210Po, and beta-emitting 210Pb, in the sclerotium's shell and core and assess a potential effective dose for consumers. Sclerotia were collected in the wild and from cultivars in China's Anhui and Yunnan provinces. The mean values of 210Po activity concentration levels were 0.36 Bq kg-1 dry weight in the core and 12.0 Bq kg-1 dw in the shell; 210Pb activities were 0.43 and 9.84 Bq kg-1 dw, respectively. The potential effective radiation doses from core layers (as a major raw material of the sclerotium) ranged from 0.13 to 3.43 µSv kg-1 dw from 210Po decay and from 0.11 to 1.52 µSv kg-1 dw from 210Pb decay. Corresponding values for shell ranged from 0.80 to 42.4 for 210Po and from 0.53 to 13.6 µSv kg-1 dw for 210Pb. In general, the intake of W. cocos sclerotia varies between consumers, but this would not significantly change the effective radiation doses from 210Po and 210Pb isotopes. The consumption thus appears to be safe from a radiological protection point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Strumińska-Parulska
- Toxicology and Radiation Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151, Lódź, Poland.
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China.
| | - Aleksandra Moniakowska
- Toxicology and Radiation Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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Saniewski M, Falandysz J, Zalewska T. 137Cs and 40K activity concentrations in edible wild mushrooms from China regions during the 2014–2016 period. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2022. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2022-1-86-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Contamination by radiocaesium of edible wild mushrooms after major nuclear accidents is a long-lasting process in some regions of the world. Following greater awareness of radioactive pollution in Asia, particularly after the Fukushima accident, this study investigated the radioactivity of 137Cs and 40K contamination in edible wild mushrooms in China.
Study objects and methods. The objects of the research were edible wild mushrooms collected during 2014 to 2016, from the Inner Mongolian and Yunnan regions of China. To obtain an insight into any environmental impacts to distant regions of mainland Asia, the mushrooms were analyzed for 137Cs activity. In parallel, the natural activity of 40K was also determined and used to estimate the content of total K. The topsoil underneath the mushrooms was also investigated from a few sites in Bayanhushu in Inner Mongolia in 2015.
Results and discussion. The results showed that in 4 to 6 mushrooming seasons after the accident, mushrooms from both regions were only slightly contaminated with 137Cs, which implied negligible consequences. The activity concentrations of 137Cs in dried caps and whole mushrooms in 63 of 70 lots from 26 locations were well below 20 Bq kg–1 dry weight. Two species (Lactarius hygrophoroides L. and Lactarius volemus L.), from Jiulongchi in Yuxi prefecture showed higher 137Cs activities, from 130 ± 5 to 210 ± 13 Bq kg–1 dw in the caps. 40K activities of mushrooms were around two- to three-fold higher. A composite sample of topsoil (0–10 cm layer) from the Bayanhushu site (altitude 920 m a.s.l.) in Inner Mongolia showed 137Cs activity concentration at a low level of 6.8 ± 0.7 Bq kg–1 dw, but it was relatively rich in potassium (40K of 595 ± 41 Bq kg–1 and total K of 17000 ± 1000 mg kg–1 dw).
Conclusion. Wild mushrooms from the Yunnan and Inner Mongolia lands only slightly affected with radioactivity from artificial 137Cs. Lack of 134Cs showed negligible impact from Fukushima fallout. Ionizing radiation dose from 137Cs in potential meals was a fraction of 40K radioactivity. The associated dietary exposure to ionizing irradiation from 137Cs and 40K contained in mushrooms from the regions studied was considered negligible and low, respectively. Mushroom species examined in this study are a potentially good source of dietary potassium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Saniewski
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute
| | | | - Tamara Zalewska
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute
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Falandysz J, Meloni D, Fernandes AR, Saniewski M. Effect of drying, blanching, pickling and maceration on the fate of 40K, total K and 137Cs in bolete mushrooms and dietary intake. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:742-754. [PMID: 34338984 PMCID: PMC8724179 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of blanching, blanching and pickling and maceration on the leaching of 137Cs and 40K from the flesh of three edible bolete mushroom species-Boletus edulis, Leccinum scabrum and Leccinum versipelle-were investigated. Significant (p < 0.05) decreases in activity were observed but varied depending on the treatment. Relative to fresh mushrooms, blanching decreased the activity concentration of 137Cs by 15 ± 13%, and of 40K, by 16 ± 7%, but blanching and pickling (vinegar) reduced activity more effectively, by 55 ± 8% and 40 ± 20% respectively. The corresponding losses of 137Cs and 40K through maceration of dried, powdered mushrooms were 38 ± 11% and 35 ± 14% ww, respectively. These results indicate that traditional domestic processing methods may not be as efficient at excluding 137Cs radioactivity as shown in some other studies. The activity concentration of 137Cs in a typically sized (100 g) portion of a processed mushroom (sourced from nearshore regions of the southern Baltic Sea coast near Gdańsk in 2015) meal was projected to be low, i.e. in the range of 0.51 to 12 Bq kg-1 ww. The corresponding effective dose of 137Cs from blanched, blanched and pickled and macerated mushrooms per capita was also assessed to be low, from 0.001 to 0.010 μSv. Nutritionally, the median concentration of potassium (330 mg) in 100 g portions of blanched or pickled mushrooms would account for around 7% of the adequate adult daily intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151, Lódź, Poland.
| | - Daniela Meloni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Alwyn R Fernandes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Michał Saniewski
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute, 42 Waszyngtona Av, 81-342, Gdynia, Poland
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Falandysz J, Saniewski M, Fernandes AR, Meloni D, Cocchi L, Strumińska-Parulska D, Zalewska T. Radiocaesium in Tricholoma spp. from the Northern Hemisphere in 1971-2016. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149829. [PMID: 34464794 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A considerable amount of data has been published on the accumulation of radiocaesium (134Cs and particularly, 137Cs) in wild fungi since the first anthropogenically influenced releases into the environment due to nuclear weapon testing, usage and subsequently from major accidents at nuclear power plants in Chernobyl (1986) and Fukushima (2011). Wild fungi are particularly susceptible to accumulation of radiocaesium and contamination persists for decades after pollution events. Macromycetes (fruiting bodies, popularly called mushrooms) of the edible fungal species are an important part of the human and forest animal food-webs in many global locations. This review discusses published occurrences of 134Cs and 137Cs in twenty four species of Tricholoma mushrooms sourced from the Northern Hemisphere over the last five decades, but also includes some recent data from Italy and Poland. Tricholoma are an ectomycorrhizal species and the interval for contamination to permeate to lower soils layers which host their mycelial networks, results in a delayed manifestation of radioactivity. Available data from Poland, over similar periods, may suggest species selective differences in accumulation, with some fruiting bodies, e.g. T. portentosum, showing lower activity levels relative to others, e.g. T. equestre. Species like T. album, T. sulphurescens and T. terreum also show higher accumulation of radiocaesium, but reported observations are few. The uneven spatial distribution of the data combined with a limited number of observations make it difficult to decipher any temporal contamination patterns from the observations in Polish regions. When data from other European sites is included, a similar variability of 137Cs activity is apparent but the more recent Ukrainian data appears to show relatively lower activities. 40K activity in mushrooms which is associated with essential potassium, remains relatively constant. Further monitoring of 137Cs activity in wild mushrooms would help to consolidate these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151 Lódź, Poland.
| | - Michał Saniewski
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - Maritime Branch, National Research Institute, 42 Waszyngtona Av., 81-342 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Alwyn R Fernandes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Daniela Meloni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Luigi Cocchi
- Gruppo Micologico e Naturalistico R. Franchi, Via D. Piani, 6, I-42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy; Comitato Scientifico Nazionale dell' Associazione Micologica Bresadola, Via A.Volta, 46, I-38100 Trento, Italy
| | - Dagmara Strumińska-Parulska
- Toxicology and Radiation Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tamara Zalewska
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - Maritime Branch, National Research Institute, 42 Waszyngtona Av., 81-342 Gdynia, Poland
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Falandysz J. Nutritional and Other Trace Elements and Their Associations in Raw King Bolete Mushrooms, Boletus edulis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:417. [PMID: 35010677 PMCID: PMC8744723 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and associations of Ag, As, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Cs, Hg, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sr, Tl, U, V, W, and Zn, including data that have not been previously reported on Be, Hf, In, Li, Mo, Nb, Sn, Ta, Th, Ti and Zr, and the sum of (14) rare earth elements (ƩREE), were studied in a spatially diverse collection of the B. edulis caps, stipes, and whole fruiting bodies using a validated procedure with measurement by quadrupole ICP-MS. Toxic Cd and Pb were in B. edulis at concentrations below limits set by the European Union in regulations for raw cultivated mushrooms, while Ag, As, Hg, Sb, Tl, and U, which are not regulated, were at relatively low or typical levels as is usually found in mushrooms from an unpolluted area. The elements Be, Bi, Ga, Ge, Hf, In, Nb, Ta, Th, and W, and also ƩREEs, were found at relatively low concentrations in B. edulis, i.e., with levels from below 0.1 to below 0.01 mg kg-1 dw, and for Ʃ14 REEs, the median was 0.31 mg kg-1 dw. The composite samples of caps showed Ag, Cd, Cu, Cs, Ga, Ge, Hg, Mo, Ni, Rb, Sb, Ti, and Zn at higher concentrations than stipes, while Ba, Co, Hf, Sr, Tl, and Zr were found at higher concentrations in stipes than caps (p < 0.05). Mushrooms were characterized by a low coefficient of variation (CV) of below 20%, between sites for concentrations of As, Cu, Ge, Hg, Ni, V, and Zn, while substantial differences (CV > 100%) were found for Ba, Bi, Co, Hf, Zr, and ƩREEs, and an intermediate variation was found for Sr, W, and U. Principal component analysis performed on mushrooms allowed differentiation with respect to 13 collection sites and separation of a consignment that was specifically contaminated, possibly due to a legacy pollution, with significantly higher levels of Ba, Co, Ga, Li, Nb, Ni, Sr, Th, Ti, Y, Zr, and ƩREEs, and another due to possible recent pollution (Pb-gasoline and also Ni); two due to geological contamination because of the Bi, In, Sc, Sb, Sn, Ta, V and W; and one more, the Sudety Mts. site, which was considered as "geogenic/anthropogenic" due to Ag, As, Be, Cd, Cs, Ni, Pb, Rb, Tl, and U.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151 Łódź, Poland
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Oloś G, Dołhańczuk-Śródka A. Levels of 137Cs in game and soil in Opole Anomaly, Poland in 2012-2020. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112577. [PMID: 34352577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Once deposited, radiocesium remains in the environment for a long time, and constantly enters the food chain. Over time, game species tend to accumulate 137Cs by two orders of magnitude more than farm animals. This occurs especially in places heavily contaminated, thus meat products made out of local game should be treated with caution. One of such areas, known as the Opole Anomaly, is located in South-Western Poland and represents one of most 137Cs contaminated regions across Europe after the Chernobyl accident. The aim of the study was to find out the 137Cs activity in soil and local game, the value of the soil-to-game aggregated transfer factor and to assess the effective dose of the ionising radiation (Eeff) received by consumers of local game meat in years 2012-2019. We examined meat of three common game species: red deer, roe deer and wild boar for 137Cs activity. 137Cs activity in meat samples ranged from 0.14 to 592 Bq kg-1. The aggregated transfer factor (Tag) in game ranged from 0.006 to 0.01 m2 kg-1 f.w. for wild boar, 0.005-0.008 m2 kg-1 f.w. for roe deer, and 0.003-0.004 m2 kg-1 f.w. for red deer. The effective dose received by people who regularly consume local game meat ranged from less than 14.2 µSv y-1 to 134 µSv y-1, depending on the amount of differently contaminated game meat consumed annually. Even those for whom game is the only source of meat, consumption of wild boar along with local mushrooms and bilberries will, since 2012, not exceed the regulation limit of 137Cs at the level of 1 mSv y-1. By the best of our knowledge this is the first study regarding 137Cs activity in game and risk assessment from the most contaminated "post-Chernobyl" area in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Oloś
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Opole University, Kominka Street 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Dołhańczuk-Śródka
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Opole University, Kominka Street 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
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210Po and 210Pb in King Bolete ( Boletus edulis) and Related Mushroom Species: Estimated Effective Radiation Dose and Geospatial Distribution in Central and Eastern Europe. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189573. [PMID: 34574498 PMCID: PMC8468773 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
210Po and 210Pb occur naturally and are the most radiotoxic isotopes of the uranium (U) decay chain. Samples of Boletus edulis and related mushroom species, including B. pinophilus, B. reticulatus, B. luridus and B. impolitus, collected from Poland and Belarus were investigated for the activity concentrations of these isotopes and also for their potential health risk through adult human consumption. The results showed that spatially, the occurrence of 210Po and 210Po was heterogeneous, with activities varying from 0.91 to 4.47 Bq∙kg−1 dry biomass and from 0.82 to 5.82 Bq∙kg−1 db, respectively. Caps and stipes of the fruiting bodies showed similar levels of contamination. Consumption of boletes foraged in Poland could result in exposure to a combined radiation dose of 10 µSv∙kg−1 db from both isotopes. This dose is not significant compared to the total annual effective radiation dose of 210Po and 210Pb (54–471 µSv∙kg−1) from all sources, suggesting that these mushrooms are comparatively safe for human consumption.
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Beta-emitting radionuclides in wild mushrooms and potential radiotoxicity for their consumers. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Li J, Wu H, Wang L, Huang Y, Wang L. Key taste components in two wild edible Boletus mushrooms using widely targeted metabolomics. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Falandysz J, Wang Y, Saniewski M. 137Cs and 40K activities and total K distribution in the sclerotia of the Wolfiporia cocos fungus from China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2021; 231:106549. [PMID: 33592538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentration of 137Cs and 40K and total K content in the sclerotia of the Chinese medicinal fungus Wolfiporia cocos collected mainly from Yunnan province of China during the period 2013-2015 were investigated. W. cocos in Yunnan is collected from the wild and is cultivated in field conditions and the wood substrate used is derived from the local pine (Pinus yunnanensis Franch.) logs from neighborhood forests. The outer part of sclerotia was found to be richer than the inner one in both 137Cs and 40K with median values of 7.3 and 3.2 Bq kg-1 dry weight (dw) for 137Cs, 220 and 140 Bq kg-1 dw for 40K. The median K concentrations were 6800 mg kg-1 dw in the outer and 3700 mg kg-1 dw in the inter parts. No statistically significant correlation was found for activity concentrations between the inner and outer parts, both for 137Cs and 40K (p > 0.05). Using the median activities of 137Cs, the nominal values of effective dose (mSv) for exposed adults annually consuming 50 g of sclerotia, were estimated at 0.0035 mSv and 0.084 mSv (outer part), and 0.0020 mSv and 0.040 mSv (inner part) per capita, respectively. Sclerotia of W. cocos seemed to be a relatively good source of K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland; Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, 130015, Cartagena, Colombia; Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China.
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Michał Saniewski
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - Maritime Branch, National Research Institute, 42 Waszyngtona Av., 81-342, Gdynia, Poland
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Falandysz J, Saba M, Strumińska-Parulska D. 137Caesium, 40K and total K in Boletus edulis at different maturity stages: Effect of braising and estimated radiation dose intake. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:129336. [PMID: 33359994 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We studied activity concentrations of artificial 137Cs and natural 40K and concentration of total potassium (K) in Boletus edulis at different maturity stages (button, young - white, large - white and large - yellow), and the effect of braising and human dietary intake. Mushrooms were collected from the northern region of Poland in 2019. The 137Cs activity concentration was significantly higher in raw and braised button stage samples and decreased as the fruitbody matured, but conversely, 40K was lower in the raw button stage than in older fruitbodies. 137Cs activity concentrations in raw, button stage B. edulis were 36 ± 1 Bq kg-1 ww (360 ± 1 Bq kg-1 dw), increasing to 70 ± 2 Bq kg-1 ww (290 ± 7 Bq kg-1 dw) when braised. This activity was around fourteen-fold higher (p < 0.0001) than at higher maturity stages which showed 2.5 ± 0.7 Bq kg-1 ww (25 ± 7 Bq kg-1 dw) in raw and 4.9 ± 0.7 Bq kg-1 ww (19 ± 4 Bq kg-1 dw) in braised fruitbodies. In comparison to raw B. edulis, braising enriched the activity concentrations of 137Cs at 110 ± 69% and 40K at 80 ± 56% on a whole (wet) weight basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Martyna Saba
- University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dagmara Strumińska-Parulska
- University of Gdańsk, Toxicology and Radiation Protection Laboratory, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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Falandysz J, Zalewska T, Saniewski M, Fernandes AR. An evaluation of the occurrence and trends in 137Cs and 40K radioactivity in King Bolete Boletus edulis mushrooms in Poland during 1995-2019. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-12433-8. [PMID: 33625702 PMCID: PMC8241671 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
B. edulis, collected from 33 forested or woodland sites across Poland over 25 years since 1995, were analysed for radiocaesium. The results (137Cs activity range: 25 to 10,000 Bq kg-1 dry weight) provide a good indication of artificial radioactivity in this food material. The relatively higher levels detected in the earlier years, mostly in easterly location, is consistent with depositions from the projected Chernobyl incident (1986) fallout plumes. Nevertheless, the 137Cs concentrations during 1995-2010 were, on average, higher than those reported by other studies for Polish B. edulis over the period 1986-1994. The data concurs with the general hypothesis and observations that deposited 137Cs permeates slowly over time to deeper soil horizons which host the mycelial networks. This delay in availability shows that (apart from hotspots) higher contamination of fruiting bodies occurred around 10 to 20 years after the incident. Local consumers and recreational mushroomers were undoubtedly exposed, although reported 137Cs concentrations suggest that serious breaches of regulated levels were uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Tamara Zalewska
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - Maritime Branch, National Research Institute, 42 Waszyngtona Av, 81-342, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Michał Saniewski
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - Maritime Branch, National Research Institute, 42 Waszyngtona Av, 81-342, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Alwyn R Fernandes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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Falandysz J, Zhang J, Saniewski M. 137Cs, 40K, and K in raw and stir-fried mushrooms from the Boletaceae family from the Midu region in Yunnan, Southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:32509-32517. [PMID: 32506414 PMCID: PMC7417414 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09393-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The parallel batches of the same species and geographical origin mushrooms both raw and stir-fried were investigated to get an insight into the content and intake of 137Cs, 40K, and K from mushroom meals. The Boletaceae family species (Baorangia bicolor, Boletus bainiugan, Butyriboletus roseoflavus, Retiboletus griseus, Rugiboletus extremiorientalis, and Sutorius magnificus) were collected from the Midu County (Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture) in 2018. The activity concentrations of 137Cs in the caps of dried raw mushrooms were in the range 14 ± 1 Bq kg-1 dry biomass (db) (R. griseus) to 34 ± 2 Bq kg-1 db (R. extremiorientalis), and in stems from 16 ± 1 Bq kg-1 db (B. bicolor and B. bainiugan) to 23 ± 1 Bq kg-1 db (R. extremiorientalis). The mean activity concentration in the whole fruiting bodies in all six species was 18 ± 4 Bq kg-1 db. The activity concentrations of 137Cs were roughly the same in both dehydrated materials, stir-fried, and raw mushrooms, while the contents of 40K and stable K were around 2- to 3-fold smaller in stir-fried than raw product. The raw and stir-fried mushrooms on a whole (wet) weight basis showed activity concentrations of 137Cs in the range from 1.2 to 3.2 Bq kg-1 ww (mean 1.9 ± 0.6 Bq kg-1 ww) and 6.0 to 9.4 Bq kg-1 ww (mean 7.0 ± 1.2 Bq kg-1 ww), respectively. Evidently, when expressed on a whole (wet) weight basis, the cooked mushrooms showed on average around 3.5-fold greater activity concentration of 137Cs when compared with raw mushrooms. The 137Cs, 40K, and total K enrichment in stir-frying (in a whole (wet) weight basis for the meal), confronted with the results for dehydrated raw and fried mushrooms, show the direct correlation with loss of mass (largely moisture) during the cooking procedure but not much of 137Cs and 40K. Edible wild mushrooms from Yunnan were little contaminated with radiocaesium. As assessed, the mean radioactivity dose from natural 40K in around 9.3-fold exceeded the dose obtained for artificial 137Cs from stir-fried mushroom meals, which both were very low doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China.
| | - Ji Zhang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Michał Saniewski
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - Maritime Branch, National Research Institute, 42 Waszyngtona Av., 81-342, Gdynia, Poland
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Falandysz J, Wang Y, Saniewski M, Fernandes AR. 137Caesium, 40Potassium and potassium in raw and deep-oil stir-fried mushroom meals from Yunnan in China. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Falandysz J, Zhang J, Saniewski M, Wang Y. Artificial ( 137Cs) and natural ( 40K) radioactivity and total potassium in medicinal fungi from Yunnan in China. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2020; 56:324-333. [PMID: 32192356 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2020.1741574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Evaluated has been radioactive contamination with 137Cs in parallel to occurrence of 40K and total K in 31 species of medicinal mushrooms from Yunnan, China. We chose species that were not previously studied. The activity concentrations of 137Cs in the medicinal fungi in this study were low. The maximum values were 54 ± 4 Bq kg-1 dry biomass (db) in caps and 48 ± 5 Bq kg-1 db in stipes of saprotrophic fungus Gerronema xanthophyllum from the family of Tricholomataceae. Mushrooms with relatively higher activity concentrations of 40K were among the non-polypore species but certain species from the genus Ganoderma such as G. applanatum, G. capense, G. philippii and G. sinense showed 40K in the higher range of 900 ± 240 to 1400 ± 340 Bq kg-1 db. The concentrations of total K in the fungal materials in this study were in the range from 2.9 ± 6.5 g kg-1 db in Fomes rufolaccatus to 110 ± 6 g kg-1 db in G. xanthophyllum. The species studied, which represented both some popular wood-decaying polypore fungi but also terrestrial forms from the herbal medicine of China, can be considered as little contaminated with 137Cs and potentially good source of leachable K in extract and decoction or as a powdered form in capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Michał Saniewski
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - Maritime Branch, National Research Institute, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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Khan IU, Sun W, Lewis E. Review of low-level background radioactivity studies conducted from 2000 to date in people Republic of China. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2020.1744330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Ullah Khan
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry Education of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Weimin Sun
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry Education of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Elfed Lewis
- Optical Fibre Sensors Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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22
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Falandysz J, Zalewska T, Fernandes AR. 137Cs and 40K in Cortinarius caperatus mushrooms (1996-2016) in Poland - Bioconcentration and estimated intake: 137Cs in Cortinarius spp. from the Northern Hemisphere from 1974 to 2016. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113208. [PMID: 31654855 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cortinarius caperatus grows in the northern regions of Europe, North America and Asia and is widely collected by mushroom foragers across Europe. This study shows that in the last three decades since the Chernobyl nuclear accident, C. caperatus collected across much of Northern Poland exhibited high activity concentrations of radiocaesium (137Cs) - a long-lived radionuclide. The mushroom appears to efficiently bioconcentrate 137Cs from contaminated soil substrata followed by sequestration into its morphological parts such as the cap and stipe which are used as food. The gradual leaching of 137Cs into the lower strata of surface soils in exposed areas are likely to facilitate higher bioavailability to the mycelia of this species which penetrate to relatively greater depths and may account for the continuing high activity levels noticed in Polish samples (e.g. activity within caps in some locations was still at 11,000 Bq kg-1 dw in 2008 relative to a peak of 18,000 in 2002). The associated dietary intake levels of 137Cs have often exceeded the tolerance limits set by the European Union (370 and 600 Bq kg-1 ww for children and adults respectively) during the years 1996-2010. Human dietary exposure to 137Cs is influenced by the method of food preparation and may be mitigated by blanching followed by disposal of the water, rather than direct consumption after stir-frying or stewing. It may be prudent to provide precautionary advice and monitor activity levels, as this mushroom continues to be foraged by casual as well as experienced mushroom hunters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland; Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, 130015, Cartagena, Colombia; Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China.
| | - Tamara Zalewska
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, Maritime Branch, National Research Institute, 42 Waszyngtona Av., 81-342, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Alwyn R Fernandes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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Kavčič A, Mikuš K, Debeljak M, Teun van Elteren J, Arčon I, Kodre A, Kump P, Karydas AG, Migliori A, Czyzycki M, Vogel-Mikuš K. Localization, ligand environment, bioavailability and toxicity of mercury in Boletus spp. and Scutiger pes-caprae mushrooms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 184:109623. [PMID: 31518823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study provides information on mercury (Hg) localization, speciation and ligand environment in edible mushrooms: Boletus edulis, B. aereus and Scutiger pes-caprae collected at non-polluted and Hg polluted sites, by LA-ICP-MS, SR-μ-XRF and Hg L3-edge XANES and EXAFS. Mushrooms (especially young ones) collected at Hg polluted sites can contain more than 100 μg Hg g-1 of dry mass. Imaging of the element distribution shows that Hg accumulates mainly in the spore-forming part (hymenium) of the cap. Removal of hymenium before consumption can eliminate more than 50% of accumulated Hg. Mercury is mainly coordinated to di-thiols (43-82%), followed by di-selenols (13-35%) and tetra-thiols (12-20%). Mercury bioavailability, as determined by feeding the mushrooms to Spanish slugs (known metal bioindicators owing to accumulation of metals in their digestive gland), ranged from 4% (S. pes-caprae) to 30% (B. aereus), and decreased with increasing selenium (Se) levels in the mushrooms. Elevated Hg levels in mushrooms fed to the slugs induced toxic effects, but these effects were counteracted with increasing Se concentrations in the mushrooms, pointing to a protective role of Se against Hg toxicity through HgSe complexation. Nevertheless, consumption of the studied mushroom species from Hg polluted sites should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kavčič
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Mikuš
- Biotechnical Educational Centre Ljubljana, Cesta V Mestni Log 47, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marta Debeljak
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Iztok Arčon
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Alojz Kodre
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty for Mathematics and Physics, Jadranska 19, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Kump
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreas Germanos Karydas
- Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Patr. Grigoriou E' & 27 Neapoleos St, 153 41, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Alessandro Migliori
- Nuclear Science and Instrumentation Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Laboratories, A-2444, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Mateusz Czyzycki
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany; AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Physicochemical and in vitro cytotoxic properties of chitosan from mushroom species (Boletus bovinus and Laccaria laccata). Carbohydr Polym 2019; 221:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Falandysz J, Saniewski M, Zalewska T, Zhang J. Radiocaesium pollution of fly agaric Amanita muscaria in fruiting bodies decreases with developmental stage. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2019; 55:317-324. [PMID: 31037972 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2019.1609961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Michał Saniewski
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – Maritime Branch, National Research Institute, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Tamara Zalewska
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – Maritime Branch, National Research Institute, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
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Vukojević V, Đurđić S, Mutić J. Accumulation of U, Th, Pb, V, Rb, and Ag in wild mushrooms Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer from Goč, Serbia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:13147-13158. [PMID: 30895552 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the content of U, Th, Pb, V, Rb, and Ag in 19 soil samples from unpolluted Goč Mountain area (Serbia) was determined. The same elements were determined in 19 Macrolepiota procera samples, separately for caps and stipes. Soil samples were subjected to the BCR sequential extraction procedure. Element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Obtained soil values for U were in the range from 0.30 to 0.86 mg/kg and for Th from 1.7 to 13.2 mg/kg. These values are the first for background levels at unpolluted Goč area, and they are lower than the corresponding values for European unpolluted soil. The mean values in soil for Pb, V, Rb, and Ag were 27.6, 57.4, 15.8, and 0.76 mg/kg, respectively. PCA was applied to establish criteria for translocation of the analyzed elements between two parts of the mushroom. Efficient translocation for all elements except Ag as the main amount of the elements was found in caps. The mean content in the caps for U and Th was 4.3 and 63 μg/kg, respectively. Bioconcentration factors were much higher than 1 only for Rb and Ag. M. procera only weakly accumulates U and Th from soil in unpolluted areas. These findings indicate limited role of M. procera in the mycoremediation of the mentioned actinides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Vukojević
- Innovation Center of Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slađana Đurđić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Jelena Mutić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
- Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea.
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Opoka W, Kała K, Krężałek R, Sułkowska-Ziaja K, Maślanka A, Muszyńska B. TLC–Densitometry analysis of indole compounds in mycelial culture of Imleria badia and Agaricus bisporus enriched with precursors — serine or anthranilic acid. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2018. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2017.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Włodzimierz Opoka
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kała
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Remigiusz Krężałek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Maślanka
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bożena Muszyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Türkekul İ, Yeşilkanat CM, Ciriş A, Kölemen U, Çevik U. Interpolated mapping and investigation of environmental radioactivity levels in soils and mushrooms in the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2018; 54:262-273. [PMID: 29169290 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2017.1402768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentration of natural (238U, 232Th, and 40K) and artificial (137Cs) radionuclides was determined in 50 samples (obtained from the same station) from various species of mushrooms and soil collected from the Middle Black Sea Region (Turkey). The activities of 238U, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs were found as 84 ± 16, 45 ± 14, 570 ± 28, and 64 ± 6 Bq kg-1 (dry weight), respectively, in the mushroom samples and as 51 ± 6, 41 ± 6, 201 ± 11, and 44 ± 4 Bq kg-1, respectively, in the soil samples for the entire area of study. The results of all radionuclide activity measurements, except those of 238U and 232Th in the mushroom samples, are consistent with previous studies. In the soil samples, the mean values of 238U and 232Th are above the world mean, and the activity mean of 40K is below the world mean. Finally, the activity estimation was made with both the soil and mushroom samples for unmeasured points within the study area by using the ordinary kriging method. Radiological distribution maps were generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim Türkekul
- a Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology , Gaziosmanpaşa University , Tokat , Turkey
| | | | - Ali Ciriş
- c Faculty of Science, Department of Physics , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - Uğur Kölemen
- d Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics , Gaziosmanpaşa University , Tokat , Turkey
- e Faculty of Arts and Sciences , Giresun University , Giresun , Turkey
| | - Uğur Çevik
- c Faculty of Science, Department of Physics , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
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Orita M, Kimura Y, Taira Y, Fukuda T, Takahashi J, Gutevych O, Chornyi S, Kudo T, Yamashita S, Takamura N. Activities concentration of radiocesium in wild mushroom collected in Ukraine 30 years after the Chernobyl power plant accident. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4222. [PMID: 29312835 PMCID: PMC5757420 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are recognized as one of the main contributors to internal radiation exposure from the activity concentration of radiocesium released by the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (CNNP). We evaluated the activity concentrations of the artificial radionuclides (radiocesium) in wild mushrooms collected in 2015 from Korosten and Lugine, Zhitomir region, Ukraine, located 120 km away from the CNPP. Cesium-137 was detected in 110 of 127 mushroom samples (86.6%). Based on the average mushroom consumption (5 kg per year), we calculated committed effective doses ranging from 0.001–0.12 mSv. Cesium-137 remains in the wild mushrooms even 30 years after the accident, but the committed effective doses are limited by the amount of contaminated mushrooms consumed. However, evaluation of internal radiation exposure and assessment of environmental radioactivity in the surrounding area affected by the nuclear accident are still necessary in order to relieve anxiety about internal radiation exposure, as long as the possibility of consumption of contaminated mushrooms remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Orita
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuko Kimura
- Department of Health and Welfare, Kawauchi Municipal Government, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taira
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshiki Fukuda
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jumpei Takahashi
- Center for International Collaborative Research, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Serghii Chornyi
- Zhitomir Inter-Area Medical Diagnostic Center, Korosten, Ukraine
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Department of Radioisotope Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shunichi Yamashita
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Noboru Takamura
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Falandysz J, Saniewski M, Zhang J, Zalewska T, Liu HG, Kluza K. Artificial 137Cs and natural 40K in mushrooms from the subalpine region of the Minya Konka summit and Yunnan Province in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:615-627. [PMID: 29052148 PMCID: PMC5756559 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A study on 137Cs pollution and activity concentrations of 40K in mushrooms of the genera Cortinarius, Leccinum, Russula, Tricholoma, Tylopilus, and Xerocomus from two neighboring regions in southwest China in 2010-2013 revealed different patterns of pollution with 137Cs, which seemed to be highly dependent on climate conditions. Tricholoma matsutake was collected in Yunnan before and after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident and showed similar contamination with 137Cs. Mushrooms from the elevation of 2800-3480 m above sea level on the east slope of Minya Konka and forest topsoil showed higher contamination with 137Cs than mushrooms from the highlands of Yunnan. In detail, the activity concentration of 137Cs in caps of mushrooms from Minya Konka were in the range 62 ± 6-280 ± 150 Bq kg-1 dry biomass and from Yunnan at < 4.4-83 ± 3 Bq kg-1 dry biomass. The climate in the region of the Minya Konka is much colder than in Yunnan, which seems to favor deposition of 137Cs at higher altitudes from global atmospheric circulation. The activity concentration of 40K in mushrooms and soils highly exceeded that of 137Cs. The assessed annual effective doses for 137Cs in 1 kg of consumed mushrooms of the genera Leccinum and Xerocomus in Yunnan were low, i.e., in the range < 0.0043-0.049 ± 0.004 μSv, while those for 40K were 0.26 ± 0.02-0.81 ± 0.09 μSv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Michał Saniewski
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management-Maritime Branch, National Research Institute, 42 Waszyngtona Av, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Tamara Zalewska
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management-Maritime Branch, National Research Institute, 42 Waszyngtona Av, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Hong-Gao Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Karolina Kluza
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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Prand-Stritzko B, Steinhauser G. Characteristics of radiocesium contaminations in mushrooms after the Fukushima nuclear accident: evaluation of the food monitoring data from March 2011 to March 2016. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:2409-2416. [PMID: 29124643 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The monitoring inspection of food after the Fukushima nuclear accident (2011) was essential for ensuring food safety in Japan and reducing the adverse health effects due to incorporation of inacceptable amounts of radionuclides, in particular radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs). In this study, the mushroom fraction of the governmental data set of the first 5 years after the accident has been analyzed for contamination levels in mushrooms, in particular time trends and radioecological characteristics as well as associated health risks. The analyses show that mycorrhiza mushrooms are much more sensitive for radionuclide uptake than saprobiontic mushrooms (the latter of which include the very popular shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes)). The maximum value reached 31,000 Bq/kg in a sample of apricot milkcaps in 2012. Analysis of the origin of the samples revealed that the origin (in terms of prefecture) of the mushrooms was a less determining factor for the contamination level than the type of mushrooms, as most exceedances in 2012 and thereafter were found outside Fukushima Prefecture. Several dose models were applied to the data to evaluate both worst case and realistic effective committed dose scenarios. The doses were generally rather low due to low consumption rates in the Japanese food basket. In any case, the analysis proved that the food monitoring campaign was highly effective in cutting doses to the public by more than a factor of 10 compared with a hypothetical scenario in which no monitoring had been conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Prand-Stritzko
- Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419, Hannover, Germany
- Höhere technische Bundeslehranstalt Karlstein, 3822, Karlstein an der Thaya, Austria
| | - Georg Steinhauser
- Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
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Cocchi L, Kluza K, Zalewska T, Apanel A, Falandysz J. Radioactive caesium ( 134Cs and 137Cs) in mushrooms of the genus Boletus from the Reggio Emilia in Italy and Pomerania in Poland. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2017; 53:620-627. [PMID: 28612628 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2017.1337761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Activity concentrations of 134Cs and 137Cs were determined in mushrooms of the Boletus species B. aereus, B. reticulatus, B. appendiculatus, B. calopus, B. edulis, B. erythropus, B. fechtneri, B. pinophilus, B. pseudoregius, B. rhodopurpureus, B. rhodoxanthus collected in the Reggio Emilia, Italy, in 1993 and 1994 and in B. edulis collected in Pomerania in northern Poland in the period from 1995-2015. Boletus edulis from the Reggio Emilia showed presence of 137Cs at 330 ± 220 Bq kg-1 dry biomass in 1993 and at 370 ± 180 Bq kg-1 dry biomass in 1994. In B. edulis sampled in the Reggio Emilia in 1993 and 1994, the pre-Chernobyl 137Cs from global fallout amounted to 39-46 % of the total activity concentrations of isotope 137Cs. B. edulis from Pomerania contained 137Cs in caps at 270 ± 15 Bq kg-1 dry biomass in 1995, and in whole fruiting bodies it was found to be 470 ± 9 Bq kg-1 dry biomass in 2015. The activity concentrations of 137Cs determined in fruiting bodies of B. edulis from Pomerania fluctuated but persisted over the period from 1995 to 2015, while the maximum activity concentrations were well below the tolerance limit of 600 Bq kg-1 fresh product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Cocchi
- a Gruppo Micologico e Naturalistico R. Franchi , Reggio Emilia , Italia
- b Comitato Scientifico Nazionale dell' Associazione Micologica Bresadola , Trento , Italia
| | - Karolina Kluza
- c Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology , University of Gdańsk , Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Tamara Zalewska
- d Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute, Maritime Branch , Gdynia , Poland
| | - Anna Apanel
- d Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute, Maritime Branch , Gdynia , Poland
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- c Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology , University of Gdańsk , Gdańsk , Poland
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Falandysz J, Zhang J, Wiejak A, Barałkiewicz D, Hanć A. Metallic elements and metalloids in Boletus luridus, B. magnificus and B. tomentipes mushrooms from polymetallic soils from SW China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:497-502. [PMID: 28463816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Yunnan Province in China is known for its high biodiversity of mushrooms and a diverse geochemistry of soil bedrock and polymetallic soils, but our knowledge of mineral compositions of mushrooms from Yunnan is scarce. The metallic trace elements, Ag, Ba, Co, Cd, Cs, Cu, Cr, Hg, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, V, Tl, U and Zn, and the metalloids, As and Sb, have been investigated using validated methods with a dynamic reactive cell by mass spectroscopy - inductive coupled plasma and cold vapour - atomic absorption spectroscopy on three popular species of Boletus mushrooms from Southwestern China. The trace mineral profiles in caps and stipes of B. luridus (24 individuals), B. magnificus (29 individuals) and B. tomentipes (38 individuals) have been evaluated. The interspecific differences in the content of several trace elements could be attributed to known differences in the geochemistry of soils in Yunnan, but for copper a difference was observed within species. The mean values of concentrations in composite samples of caps for B. luridus, B. magnificus and B. tomentipes from three to four locations were at the ranges (mgkg-1 dry biomass): Ag (1.3-3.7), As (0.79-53), Ba (4.0-12), Co (0.68-1.2), Cd (0.79-2.2), Cs (0.67-55), Cu (37-77), Cr (5.0-7.6), Hg (2.1-5.4), Li (0.15-0.61), Mn (13-28), Ni (0.86-4.6), Pb (0.59-1.8), Rb (90-120), Sb (0.014-0.088), Sr (0.63-1.6), V (1.4-2.2), Tl (0.017-0.054), U (0.029-0.065) and Zn (130-180). Caps of Boletus mushrooms were richer in Ag, Cu, Hg and Zn than stipes, while other elements were distributed roughly equally between both morphological parts. B. luridus, B. magnificus and B. tomentipes grew in certain sites in Yunnan contained Ag, As, Ba, Cr, Hg, Ni, Sr or V at elevated concentration. A specific geochemistry of the soils type (latosols, lateritic red earths, and red and yellow earths in the Circum-Pacific Mercuriferous Belt of Southwestern China) can explain occurrence of some minerals at greater or elevated amount in mushrooms in Yunnan, while number of available research and data on mineral composition of mushrooms due to geochemical anomalies of soil parent material is so far little.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., PL 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 650200 Kunming, China; Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, 650200 Kunming, China
| | - Anna Wiejak
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., PL 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Danuta Barałkiewicz
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, PL 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, PL 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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Savino F, Pugliese M, Quarto M, Adamo P, Loffredo F, De Cicco F, Roca V. Thirty years after Chernobyl: Long-term determination of 137Cs effective half-life in the lichen Stereocaulon vesuvianum. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 172:201-206. [PMID: 28390309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been widely shown that nuclear fallout includes substances, which accumulate in organisms such as crustaceans, fish, mushrooms and lichens, helping to evaluate the activity concentration of contaminants accumulated on a long time. In this context, radiocaesium deposited in soil following the Chernobyl accident on 26 April 1986 is known to have remained persistently available for plant uptake in many areas of Europe. Studies on the lichen Stereocaulon vesuvianum show the plant's high capacity to retain radionuclides from the substrate and the air. After the Chernobyl accident, starting from September 1986, at the Radioactivity Laboratory (LaRa) of the University of Naples Federico II, four monitoring campaigns to evaluate the activity concentration of four isotopes of the two elements caesium and ruthenium (134Cs, 137Cs, 103Ru and 106Ru) were carried out until 1999. This study allowed the effective half-life of 134Cs and 137Cs to be estimated. Twenty-eight years after the accident, in December 2014, a further sampling was carried out; only 137Cs was revealed beyond the detection limits, measuring activity concentrations ranging from 20 to 40 Bq/kg, while the other radionuclides were no longer observed due to their shorter half-life. The last sampling allowed more precise determination of the effective half-life of 137Cs (6.2 ± 0.1 year), due to the larger dataset on a large time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Savino
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy.
| | - M Pugliese
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sez. Napoli, Italy
| | - M Quarto
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sez. Napoli, Italy
| | - P Adamo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - F Loffredo
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - F De Cicco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sez. Napoli, Italy
| | - V Roca
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sez. Napoli, Italy
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Mędyk M, Chudzińska M, Barałkiewicz D, Falandysz J. Specific accumulation of cadmium and other trace elements in Sarcodon imbricatus using ICP-MS with a chemometric approach. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:361-366. [PMID: 28277082 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1283145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungi can effectively accumulate various metallic elements, metalloids and non-metals in fruiting bodies. This study provides information on the accumulation of Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, Cr, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, V, Tl, U and Zn in the edible mushroom Sarcodon imbricatus (L.) P. Karst. using the technique of inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry with a dynamic reaction cell mode. Mushrooms were foraged from four regions in Poland. Baseline concentrations of minerals, expressed in mg kg-1 dry biomass (db), were in the composite samples of caps in the range: for Ag (0.27-0.29), As (1.0-1.9), Ba (0.31-0.45), Cd (4.5-6.3), Co (0.23-1.9), Cu (28-35), Cr (0.19-0.29), Cs (20-38), Li (0.013-0.020), Mn (5.9-8.8), Ni (0.81-1.4), Pb (0.94-1.6), Rb (490-700), Sr (0.14-0.19), Tl (0.058-0.11), U (0.002-0.002), V (0.044-0.054) and Zn (140-160). Concentration levels of Ag, As, Cd, Cs, Pb and Zn were higher in caps than in stipes of S. imbricatus, whereas for other elements the distribution between caps and stipes was nearly equal or for some differed depending on the location. Certainly, the content of toxic Cd in S. imbricatus was elevated (0.45-0.63 mg kg-1 in fresh caps) and therefore eating this mushroom could increase exposure to Cd. In addition, the content of toxic As in S. imbricatus was elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mędyk
- a Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , University of Gdańsk , Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Maria Chudzińska
- b Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method , Adam Mickiewicz University , Poznań , Poland
- c Rozany Strumien Base Station of Integrated Monitoring of Natural Environment , Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Danuta Barałkiewicz
- b Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method , Adam Mickiewicz University , Poznań , Poland
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- a Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , University of Gdańsk , Gdańsk , Poland
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Čadová M, Havránková R, Havránek J, Zölzer F. Radioactivity in mushrooms from selected locations in the Bohemian Forest, Czech Republic. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2017; 56:167-175. [PMID: 28258385 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-017-0684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
137Cs is one of the most important radionuclides released in the course of atmospheric nuclear weapon tests and during accidents in nuclear power plants such as that in Chernobyl, Ukraine, or Fukushima, Japan. The aim of this study was to compare 137Cs and 40K concentrations in particular species of mushrooms from selected locations in the Bohemian Forest (Czech: Šumava), Czech Republic, where a considerable contamination from the Chernobyl accident had been measured in 1986. Samples were collected between June and October 2014. Activities of 137Cs and 40K per dry mass were measured by means of a semiconductor gamma spectrometer. The 137Cs values measured range from below detection limit to 4300 ± 20 Bq kg-1, in the case of 40K from 910 ± 80 to 4300 ± 230 Bq kg-1. Differences were found between individual locations, due to uneven precipitation in the course of the movement of the radioactive cloud after the Chernobyl accident. There are, however, also differences between individual species of mushrooms from identical locations, which inter alia result from different characteristics of the soil and depths of mycelia. The values measured are compared with established limits and exposures from other radiation sources present in the environment. In general, it can be stated that the values measured are relatively low and the effects on the health of the population are negligible compared to other sources of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Čadová
- Institute of Radiology, Toxicology and Civil Protection, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, J. Boreckého 1167/27, 370 11, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Havránková
- Institute of Radiology, Toxicology and Civil Protection, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, J. Boreckého 1167/27, 370 11, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Havránek
- Institute of Radiology, Toxicology and Civil Protection, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, J. Boreckého 1167/27, 370 11, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Friedo Zölzer
- Institute of Radiology, Toxicology and Civil Protection, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, J. Boreckého 1167/27, 370 11, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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Treu R, Falandysz J. Mycoremediation of hydrocarbons with basidiomycetes-a review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:148-155. [PMID: 28121269 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1261536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The literature on hydrocarbon remediation with basidiomycetes was reviewed. Two ecological groups are considered for bioremediation, the saprotrophic basidiomycetes (white-rot and brown-rot fungi) and the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes. A remarkable capacity of basidiomycetes for in vitro degradation of simple and recalcitrant hydrocarbons, such as PAH, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), halogenated HC, aromatic HC and phenols, explosives and dyes was reported for many species. However, there is a need for more studies on the practical feasibility of field applications with basidiomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Treu
- a Faculty of Science and Technology , Athabasca University , Athabasca , Canada
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- b Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Gdańsk University , Gdańsk , Poland
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Sun J, Zhang J, Wang Y. Multivariate characterization of elements accumulated in Wolfiporia extensa mushroom from Yunnan province of China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:206-213. [PMID: 28121272 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1261552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dried sclerotia of Wolfiporia extensa have been used as medicine in Asia from Eastern Han Dynasty, and also used as traditional snack called "fulingjiabing" in Beijing, China. In this paper, 18 macro and trace elements (Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, V, and Zn) in both flesh and peel of Wolfiporia extensa from seven sites of Yunnan province in China were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The average recovery rates of certified reference materials for GBW10015 (spinach leaves) ranged from 90.5 to 113%, for GBW10028 (citrus leaves) from 92.8 to 106%, and for GBW07603 (bush branch and leaves) from 83.3 to 114.6%. Generally speaking, the concentration of all elements determined was at common level. The results of this survey indicate that mineral compositions in peel were higher than in flesh. In peel, the contents of investigated trace metals in mushroom samples were found to be in the range of 1,660-13,400 µg·g-1 dry matter (dm) for Fe and 29.6-710 µg·g-1 dm for Mn. The mean contents of Cr, Cu, Rb, V, and Zn in peel were between 10 and 20 µg·g-1 dm, followed by As, Co, Li, Ni, Pb, Se, and Sr with mean contents between 1 and 10 µg·g-1 dm, while Ag, Cd, and Cs had mean contents of <1 µg·g-1 dm. In flesh, the concentration of Fe was in the range of 54-900 µg·g-1 dm, and it was 1.5-49 µg·g-1 dm for Mn, followed by Ba, Cu, Rb, and Zn in the range of 1 to 10 µg·g-1 dm, while for Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Li, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, and V it was <1 µg·g-1 dm. The concentration of toxic elements, such as As, Cd, and Pb, in both flesh and peel was below the permissible limits of World Health Organization. However, As and Pb contents in peel were higher than the limits permitted in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The results of principal component analysis showed that the flesh of Wolfiporia extensa from all the seven sites of the Yunnan province tend to cluster together, most probably because the origin of mineral elements in both flesh and peel is wood substrate (old and dead pine trees).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- a Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Kunming , China
- b College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Kunming , China
| | - Ji Zhang
- b College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Kunming , China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- b College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Kunming , China
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Falandysz J, Zhang J, Zalewska T. Radioactive artificial 137Cs and natural 40K activity in 21 edible mushrooms of the genus Boletus species from SW China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8189-8199. [PMID: 28150146 PMCID: PMC5384947 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This study, for the first time, presents the results of activity concentration determinations for 137Cs and 40K in a high number (21 species, 87 composite samples, and 807 fruiting bodies) of mushrooms of the genus Boletus from across Yunnan in 2011-2014 and Sichuan (Boletus tomentipes) using high-resolution high-purity germanium detector. Activity concentrations of 137Cs demonstrated some variability and range from <4.4 to 83 ± 3 Bq kg-1 dry biomass in caps and from <3.8 to 37 ± 3 Bq kg-1 dry biomass in stipes, and of 40K, respectively, from 420 ± 41 to 1300 ± 110 and from 520 ± 61 to 1300 ± 140 Bq kg-1 dry biomass. No significant variations were observed regarding 137Cs and 40K activity concentrations among the same Boletus species from different sampling sites. No activity concentrations from 134Cs were detected in any mushrooms. Internal dose rates estimated were from intake of 1 kg of mushrooms per annum for 137Cs range for species and regions from around <0.0031 to 0.047 ± 0.003 μSv, while those for 40K were from around 0.22 ± 0.04 to 1.2 ± 0.1 μSv. The overall intake of 137Cs was low since low contamination was found in Boletus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str, 80-803, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Tamara Zalewska
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, National Research Institute, Maritime Branch, Waszyngtona 42, 81-342, Gdynia, Poland
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Zalewska T, Cocchi L, Falandysz J. Radiocaesium in Cortinarius spp. mushrooms in the regions of the Reggio Emilia in Italy and Pomerania in Poland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:23169-23174. [PMID: 27600726 PMCID: PMC5101288 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Activity concentrations of 134Cs and 137Cs have been determined in 23 species of mushrooms of the genus Cortinarius (59 individual samples) collected from the Reggio Emilia in Italy 1992-1999 and in 4 species (16 composite samples and 413 individuals) from the Pomerania region in Poland from 1996 to 2015. Across all the Cortinarius species from the Reggio Emilia, the activity concentrations were relatively high in Cortinarius alboviolaceus, Cortinarius duracinus, Cortinarius orellanus, Cortinarius rapaceus, and Cortinarius subannulatus, in which 137Cs was at 10,000 ~ 100,000 Bq kg-1 dry biomass (db) in 1994. Smaller activity concentrations were found in Cortinarius bivelus, Cortinarius bulliardii, Cortinarius cotoneus, Cortinarius largus, Cortinarius lividoviolaceus, Cortinarius purpureus, Cortinarius rufo-olivaceus, Cortinarius torvus, and Cortinarius venetus with levels at 1000 ~ 6000 Bq kg-1 db from 1992 to 1994, and further in Cortinarius anserinus, Cortinarius auroturbinatus, C. largus, Cortinarius praestans, Cortinarius purpurascens, Cortinarius scaurus, Cortinarius sebaceous, Cortinarius talus, and Cortinarius variecolor with activity concentrations at 100 ~ 600 Bq kg-1 db in 1994. All the data were calculated for dehydrated fungal material corrected back to the exact date samples of collection. The greatest activity concentrations of 137Cs both in Italy (1992-1999) and Poland (1996-2010) were found in the popular Cortinarius caperatus, confirming its very high capacity of radiocaesium accumulation. Besides 137Cs, the isotope 134Cs was detected in some species from the Reggio Emilia. An average calculated ratio of activities of 134Cs to 137Cs referenced to 1986 was equal to 0.38 in mushrooms from the Reggio Emilia, and this value slightly differ from that specific for Chernobyl fallout, which was 0.54. It was calculated that 137Cs originating from Chernobyl accident constituted about 68 % of the total activity concentration of the isotope in Reggio Emilia in 1986, while as much as 32 % of 137Cs in mushrooms were from the global fallout from nuclear bomb testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zalewska
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management-National Research Institute, Maritime Branch, Waszyngtona 42, 81-342, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Luigi Cocchi
- Gruppo Micologico e Naturalistico R, FranchiVia D, Piani, 6, I-42100, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Comitato Scientifico Nazionale dell' Associazione Micologica Bresadola, Via A, Volta, 46, I-38100, Trento, Italy
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Witta Stwosza Street, PL 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Steinhauser G, Steinhauser V. A Simple and Rapid Method for Reducing Radiocesium Concentrations in Wild Mushrooms ( Cantharellus and Boletus ) in the Course of Cooking. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1995-1999. [PMID: 28221918 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Many species of mushrooms are known accumulators of radioactive cesium (137Cs and 134Cs). Even years and decades after major nuclear accidents, especially those at Chernobyl and Fukushima, mushrooms exhibit high concentrations of these radionuclides. We investigated a simple method for reducing the activity of radiocesium in wild mushrooms (chanterelles, Cantharellus cibarius ; and boleti, Boletus edulis ) during cooking. The juice generated while cooking mushrooms contains a relatively high fraction of the total cesium. The amount of juice can be increased by washing the mushrooms with water prior to cooking. By removing the juice, up to 29% of the radiocesium can be easily removed from chanterelles. Because boleti have a lower affinity for cesium, activity levels were lower in boleti than in chanterelles. The fraction of radiocesium in the juice was lower in boleti than in chanterelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Steinhauser
- Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Veronika Steinhauser
- Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
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Falandysz J, Zalewska T, Apanel A, Drewnowska M, Kluza K. Evaluation of the activity concentrations of (137) Cs and (40)K in some Chanterelle mushrooms from Poland and China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:20039-20048. [PMID: 27438876 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentrations of (137)Cs and (40)K in mushrooms of the genus Cantharellus (Cantharellus cibarius, Cantharellus tubaeformis, and Cantharellus minor) collected across Poland from 1997 to 2013 and in Yunnan province of China in 2013 were determined using gamma spectrometry with an HPGe detector, respectively. Activity concentrations of (137)Cs in C. cibarius from the places in Poland varied from 64 ± 3 to 1600 ± 47 Bq kg(-1) db in 1997-2004 and 4.2 ± 1.2 to 1400 ± 15 Bq kg(-1) db in 2006-2013. In the Chinese Cantharellus mushrooms, the activity level of (137)Cs was very low, i.e., at a range <1.2 to 1.2 ± 0.6 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass. The natural radionuclide (40)K was at similar activity level in C. cibarius collected across Poland and in China, and fluctuations in levels of (40)K over the years and locations in Poland were small. In C. cibarius from diverse sites in Poland, content of (137)Cs highly fluctuated in 1998-2013 but no clear downward trend was visible (Fig. 1). Published activity levels of (137)Cs in fruitbodies of Cantharellus such Cantharellus californicus, Cantharellus cascadensis, C. cibarius, Cantharellus cinnabarius, Cantharellus formosus, Cantharellus iuteocomus, Cantharellus lutescens, Cantharellus minor, Cantharellus pallens [current name C. cibarius], Cantharellus subalbidus, Cantharellus subpruinosus, and C. tubaeformis collected worldwide were compared. In the Polish cuisine, mushrooms of the genus Cantharellus are blanched before frying or pickling, and this kind of treatment, and additionally also pickling, both very efficiently remove alkali elements (and radioactivity from (134/137)Cs) from flesh of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Tamara Zalewska
- Institute Meteorology and Water Management-Maritime Branch, National Research Institute, 42 Waszyngtona Av., 81-342, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Anna Apanel
- Institute Meteorology and Water Management-Maritime Branch, National Research Institute, 42 Waszyngtona Av., 81-342, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Drewnowska
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karolina Kluza
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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Saba M, Falandysz J, Nnorom IC. Mercury bioaccumulation by Suillus bovinus mushroom and probable dietary intake with the mushroom meal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:14549-59. [PMID: 27068912 PMCID: PMC4943988 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the results of the study of the efficiency of accumulation and distribution of mercury (Hg) in the fruiting bodies of fungus Suillus bovinus and the probable dietary intake of Hg and the potential health risk. Fungal fruiting bodies and soil materials were collected from 13 background areas in the northern part of Poland between 1993 and 2013. Mercury in the caps of fruiting bodies varied from 0.10 ± 0.06 to 0.79 ± 0.40 mg kg(-1) dry biomass and in the stipes from 0.083 ± 0.028 to 0.51 ± 0.22 mg kg(-1) dry biomass. The mean values of cap to stipe Hg content quotient varied from 1.3 ± 0.2 to 2.6 ± 0.6. The Hg content in the upper 0-10 cm layer of soil substrate varied from 0.015 ± 0.004 to 0.031 ± 0.019 mg kg(-1) dry biomass. S. bovinus could be considered as an efficient accumulator of Hg, at least from low level polluted soils, and the values of Hg bioconcentration factor (BCF) varied from 6.4 ± 2.2 to 45 ± 20 for caps and from 3.8 ± 1.4 to 29 ± 11 for stipes. A conventional meal (300 g) portion of S. bovinus foraged from background areas provides Hg dose far below the provisionally tolerable weekly intake or recommended reference dose set for this element by authorities. An examination of published data on Hg in fruiting bodies of fungi genus Suillus showed low contamination of specimens foraged from background areas. Also reviewed are published data on Hg in fungi genus Suillus collected worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Saba
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Innocent C Nnorom
- Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria.
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Saniewski M, Zalewska T, Krasińska G, Szylke N, Wang Y, Falandysz J. (90)Sr in King Bolete Boletus edulis and certain other mushrooms consumed in Europe and China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 543:287-294. [PMID: 26590866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The (90)Sr activity concentrations released from a radioactive fallout have been determined in a range of samples of mushrooms collected in Poland, Belarus, China, and Sweden in 1996-2013. Measurement of (90)Sr in pooled samples of mushrooms was carried out with radiochemical procedure aimed to pre-isolate the analyte from the fungal materials before it was determined using the Low-Level Beta Counter. Interestingly, the Purple Bolete Imperator rhodopurpureus collected from Yunnan in south-western China in 2012 showed (90)Sr activity concentration at around 10 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass, which was greater when compared to other mushrooms in this study. The King Bolete Boletus edulis from China showed the (90)Sr activity in caps at around 1.5 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass (whole fruiting bodies) in 2012 and for specimens from Poland activity was well lower than 1.0 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass in 1998-2010. A sample of Sarcodonimbricatus collected in 1998 from the north-eastern region of Poland impacted by Chernobyl fallout showed (90)Sr in caps at around 5 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass. Concentration of (90)Sr in Bay Bolete Royoporus (Xerocomus or Boletus) badius from affected region of Gomel in Belarus was in 2010 at 2.1 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass. In several other species from Poland (90)Sr was at <0.5 to around 1.0 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass. Activity concentrations of (90)Sr in popular B. edulis and some other mushrooms collected from wild in Poland were very low (<1 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass), and values noted showed on persistence of this type of radioactivity in mushrooms over time passing from nuclear weapons tests and the Chernobyl nuclear power plant catastrophe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Saniewski
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, National Research Institute, Maritime Branch, 42 Waszyngtona Av., PL 81-342 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Tamara Zalewska
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, National Research Institute, Maritime Branch, 42 Waszyngtona Av., PL 81-342 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Grażyna Krasińska
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., PL 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Szylke
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., PL 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Panlong District, 650200 Kunming, China
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., PL 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Krasińska G, Falandysz J. Mercury in Orange Birch Bolete Leccinum versipelle and soil substratum: bioconcentration by mushroom and probable dietary intake by consumers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:860-9. [PMID: 26347421 PMCID: PMC4712221 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the contamination, accumulation, and distribution of mercury in fruiting bodies by Leccinum versipelle fungus collected from distant sites across Poland. Mercury was determined using validated method by cold-vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy after direct sample matrix combustion. A large set of data gained using 371 fruiting bodies and 204 soil samples revealed the susceptibility of L. versipelle to Hg contamination and permitted the estimation of probable intake of Hg contaminant by consumers foraging for this species. The range of median values of Hg determined in caps of L. versipelle was from 0.20 to 2.0 mg kg(-1) dry biomass, and the median for 19 localities was 0.65 mg kg(-1) dry biomass. The values of the Hg bioconcentration factor (BCF) determined for L. versipelle correlated negatively with Hg contents. Mercury in topsoil beneath L. versipelle ranged from 0.019 to 0.041 mg kg(-1) dry matter for less-contaminated locations (BCF of 17 to 65 for caps) and from 0.076 to 0.39 mg kg(-1) dry matter for more contaminated locations (BCF of 1.9 to 22). Fruiting bodies of L. versipelle collected in some regions of Poland if consumed in amount of 300 g in one meal in a week could provide Hg doses above the provisionally tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) value of 0.004 mg Hg kg(-1) body mass, while regular consumptions for most of the locations were below the limit even with more frequent consumption. Also summarized are available data on Hg for three species of fungi of genus Leccinum foraged in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Krasińska
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Falandysz J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Krasińska G, Kojta A, Saba M, Shen T, Li T, Liu H. Evaluation of the mercury contamination in mushrooms of genus Leccinum from two different regions of the world: Accumulation, distribution and probable dietary intake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 537:470-8. [PMID: 26322595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on investigation of the accumulation and distribution of mercury (Hg) in mushrooms of the genus Leccinum that emerged on soils of totally different geochemical bedrock composition. Hg in 6 species from geographically diverse regions of the mercuriferous belt areas in Yunnan of SW China, and 8 species from the non-mercuriferous regions of Poland in Europe was measured. Also assessed was the probable dietary intake of Hg from consumption of Leccinum spp., which are traditional organic food items in SW China and Poland. The results showed that L. chromapes, L. extremiorientale, L. griseum and L. rugosicepes are good accumulators of Hg and the sequestered Hg in caps were up to 4.8, 3.5, 3.6 and 4.7 mg Hg kg(-1) dry matter respectively. Leccinum mushrooms from Poland also efficiently accumulated Hg with their average Hg content being an order of magnitude lower due to low concentrations of Hg in forest topsoil of Poland compared to the elevated contents in Yunnan. Consumption of Leccinum mushrooms with elevated Hg contents in Yunnan at rates of up to 300 g fresh product per week during the foraging season would not result in Hg intake that exceeds the provisional weekly tolerance limit of 0.004 mg kg(-1) body mass, assuming no Hg ingestion from other foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Gdańsk University, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 650200 Kunming, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 650200 Kunming, China
| | - Grażyna Krasińska
- Gdańsk University, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Kojta
- Gdańsk University, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Martyna Saba
- Gdańsk University, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tao Shen
- College of Resources and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, 653100 Yuxi, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, 653100 Yuxi, Yunnan, China
| | - Honggao Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
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