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Zhang S, Zhang J, Lin R, Lu C, Fang B, Shi J, Jiang T, Zhou M. Design and construction of light-regulated gene transcription and protein translation systems in yeast p. Pastoris. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00330-8. [PMID: 39117107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION P. pastoris is a common host for effective biosynthesis of heterologous proteins as well as small molecules. Accurate regulation of gene transcription and protein synthesis is necessary to coordinate synthetic gene circuits and optimize cellular energy distribution. Traditional methanol or other inducible promoters, natural or engineered, have defects in either fermentation safety or expression capacity. The utilization of chemical inducers typically adds complexity to the product purification process, but there is no other well-controlled protein synthesis system than promoters yet. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to address the aforementioned challenges by constructing light-regulated gene transcription and protein translation systems with excellent expression capacity and light sensitivity. METHODS Trans-acting factors were designed by linking the N. crassa blue-light sensor WC-1 with the activation domain of endogenous transcription factors. Light inducible or repressive promoters were then constructed through chimeric design of cis-elements (light-responsive elements, LREs) and endogenous promoters. Various configurations of trans-acting factor/LRE pairs, along with different LRE positions and copy numbers were tested for optimal promoter performance. In addition to transcription, a light-repressive translation system was constructed through the "rare codon brake" design. Rare codons were deliberately utilized to serve as brakes during protein synthesis, which were switched on and off through the light-regulated changes in the expression of the corresponding pLRE-tRNA. RESULTS As demonstrated with GFP, the light-inducible promoter 4pLRE-cPAOX1 was 70 % stronger than the constitutive promoter PGAP, with L/D ratio = 77. The light-repressive promoter PGAP-pLRE was strictly suppressed by light, with expression capacity comparable with PGAP in darkness. As for the light-repressive translation system, the "triple brake" design successfully eliminated leakage and achieved light repression on protein synthesis without any impact on mRNA expression. CONCLUSION The newly designed light-regulated transcription and translation systems offer innovative tools that optimize the application of P. pastoris in biotechnology and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiazhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ru Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chaoyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bohao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiacheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tianyi Jiang
- China Innovation Center of Roche, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Macías-de la Rosa A, López-Rosales L, Cerón-García MC, Molina-Miras A, Soriano-Jerez Y, Sánchez-Mirón A, Seoane S, García-Camacho F. Assessment of the marine microalga Chrysochromulina rotalis as bioactive feedstock cultured in an easy-to-deploy light-emitting-diode-based tubular photobioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 389:129818. [PMID: 37793555 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine microalgae have potential to be low-cost raw materials. This depends on the exploitation of different biomass fractions for high-value products, including unique compounds. Chrysochromulina rotalis, an under-explored haptophyte with promising properties, was the focus of this study. For the first time, C. rotalis was successfully cultivated in an 80 L tubular photobioreactor, illuminated by an easy-to-use light-emitting-diode-based system. C. rotalis grew without certain trace elements and showed adaptability to different phosphorus sources, allowing a significant reduction in the N:P ratio without compromising biomass yield and productivity. The design features of the photobioreactor provided a protective environment that ensured consistent biomass production from this shear-sensitive microalgae. Carotenoid analysis showed fucoxanthin and its derivatives as major components, with essential fatty acids making up a significant proportion of the total. The study emphasizes the tubular photobioreactor's role in sustainable biomass production for biorefineries, with C. rotalis as a valuable bioactive feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Macías-de la Rosa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - L López-Rosales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M C Cerón-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A Molina-Miras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Y Soriano-Jerez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Mirón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - S Seoane
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Spain
| | - F García-Camacho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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Hong Y, Yang L, You X, Zhang H, Xin X, Zhang Y, Zhou X. Effects of light quality on microalgae cultivation: bibliometric analysis, mini-review, and regulation approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-31192-2. [PMID: 38015404 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing concern for energy shortages and greenhouse effect has triggered the development of sustainable green technologies. Microalgae have received more attention due to the characteristics of biofuel production and CO2 fixation. From the perspective of autotrophic growth, the optimization of light quality has the potential to promote biomass production and bio-component accumulation in microalgae at low cost. In this study, bibliometric analysis was used to describe the basic features, identify the hotspots, and predict future trends of the research related to the light quality on microalgae cultivation. In addition, a mini-review referring to regulation methods of light quality was provided to optimize the framework of research. Results demonstrated that China has the greatest interest in this area. The destination of most research was to obtain biofuels and high-value-added products. Both blue and red lights were identified as the crucial spectrums for microalgae cultivation. However, sunlight is the most affordable light resource, which could not be fully utilized by microalgae through the photosynthetic process. Hence, some regulation approaches (e.g., dyes, plasmonic scattering, and carbon-based quantum dots) are proposed to increase the proportion of beneficial spectrum for enhancement of photosynthetic efficiency. In summary, this review introduces state-of-the-art research and provides theoretical guidance for light quality optimization in microalgae cultivation to obtain more benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Libin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xiaogang You
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Haigeng Zhang
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaying Xin
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Idowu AT, Amigo-Benavent M, Whelan S, Edwards MD, FitzGerald RJ. Impact of Different Light Conditions on the Nitrogen, Protein, Colour, Total Phenolic Content and Amino Acid Profiles of Cultured Palmaria palmata. Foods 2023; 12:3940. [PMID: 37959059 PMCID: PMC10647453 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of different light conditions during culture on the nitrogen, protein, colour, total phenolic content (TPC) and amino acid profile of Palmaria palmata biomass was investigated. P. palmata was cultured using different light regimes, i.e., white (1 and 2), red, blue and green over 12 days. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in total nitrogen (TN), non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and protein nitrogen (PN) was observed on day 6 while an increase was observed on day 12 in P. palmata samples cultured under blue light. The protein content (nitrogen conversion factor of 4.7) of the initial sample on day 0 was 15.0% (w/w) dw whereas a maximum protein content of 16.7% (w/w) was obtained during exposure to blue light following 12 days culture, corresponding to an 11.2% increase in protein content. Electrophoretic along with amino acid profile and score analyses showed light-related changes in protein composition. The lighting regime used during culture also influenced the colour parameters (lightness L*, redness a*, yellowness b* and colour difference ΔE) of milled algal biomass along with the TPC. Judicious selection of lighting regime during culture may allow the targeted production of sustainable high-quality proteins from P. palmata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Temitope Idowu
- Proteins and Peptides Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (A.T.I.); (M.A.-B.)
- BioMaterial Research Cluster, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Miryam Amigo-Benavent
- Proteins and Peptides Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (A.T.I.); (M.A.-B.)
- BioMaterial Research Cluster, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Susan Whelan
- Irish Seaweed Consultancy Ltd., H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.W.); (M.D.E.)
| | - Maeve D. Edwards
- Irish Seaweed Consultancy Ltd., H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.W.); (M.D.E.)
| | - Richard J. FitzGerald
- Proteins and Peptides Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (A.T.I.); (M.A.-B.)
- BioMaterial Research Cluster, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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Hu Q, Zhong A, Hawes I. Improved illumination homogeneity increased accuracies of derived light utilization efficiency for aquatic photosynthesis-irradiance curve analysis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108027. [PMID: 37729856 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating knowledge of photo-physiological acclimation and adaptation in aquatic phototrophs to altered environmental factors are valuable for managing and conserving aquatic ecosystems. Photosynthesis-irradiance curve (PI curve) analysis is an essential technique to assess the photo-physiological states of and environmental stresses on photosystems. For PI curve analysis, replicates were rarely homogeneously illuminated, which could generate variations potentially obscuring treatment effects or lead to considerable errors. Here we present an incubation apparatus with a novel configuration of illuminating unit that supplied a gradient of irradiances with improved homogeneity. The achieved homogeneity exceeds that of other homogeneous illuminating apparatus reported for photosynthetic research. We used the elaborated apparatus to develop PI curves for S. pectinata photo-acclimated to contrasting light conditions in both greenhouse and field scenarios. Photo-acclimation to lower irradiances enhanced both maximum photosynthetic rates and light utilization efficiencies in general. And improved homogeneity for PI curve analysis most likely reduced variations of derived light utilization efficiency compared to those using conventional incubation apparatus. The elaborated incubation apparatus could provide insights into developments of illumination techniques for photosynthetic studies and has the potential to refine the subtleties of photo-acclimation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Jiujiang, China; Waterways Centre for Freshwater Management, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand.
| | - Aiwen Zhong
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Jiujiang, China
| | - Ian Hawes
- Coastal Marine Field Station, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand; Waterways Centre for Freshwater Management, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
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Combined application of exogenous phytohormones and blue light illumination to the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Zarekarizi A, Hoffmann L, Burritt DJ. The potential of manipulating light in the commercial production of carotenoids from algae. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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Liu F, Gaul L, Shu F, Vitenson D, Wu M. Microscope-based light gradient generation for quantitative growth studies of photosynthetic micro-organisms. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3138-3146. [PMID: 35730387 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00393g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic micro-organisms are equipped with molecular machineries that are designed to transform light into chemical or bioenergy, and help shape and balance the ecosystem of all life forms on earth. Recently, aquatic ecosystems have been disrupted by climate change, which leads to the frequent occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs). HABs endanger drinking water resources and harm the fishing and coastal recreation industries. Despite its urgency, mechanistic understanding of how key biophysical and biochemical parameters impact algal growth is largely unexplored. In this article, we developed a microscope-based light gradient generator for studies of photosynthetic micro-organisms under well-defined light intensity gradients. This technology utilized a commercially available microscope, allowed for controlled light exposure and imaging of cells on the same microscope platform, and can be integrated with any micrometer-scale device. Using this technology, we studied the role of light intensity in the growth of photosynthetic micro-organisms. A parallel study was also carried out using a 96-well plate. Our work revealed that the growth rate of the microalgae/cyanobacteria was significantly regulated by the light intensity and followed Monod or van Oorschot kinetic models. The measured half-saturation constants were compared with those obtained in macro-scale devices, and indicated that shading, light spectrum, and temperature may all play important roles in the light sensitivity of photosynthetic micro-organisms. This work highlighted the importance of analytical tools for quantitative understanding of biophysical parameters in the growth of photosynthetic micro-organisms, and knowledge learned will be critical in the design of future technologies for managing algal blooms or optimizing bioenergy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchen Liu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Larissa Gaul
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Fang Shu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Daniel Vitenson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Bioenergy, Biofuels, Lipids and Pigments—Research Trends in the Use of Microalgae Grown in Photobioreactors. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15155357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This scientometric review and bibliometric analysis aimed to characterize trends in scientific research related to algae, photobioreactors and astaxanthin. Scientific articles published between 1995 and 2020 in the Web of Science and Scopus bibliographic databases were analyzed. The article presents the number of scientific articles in particular years and according to the publication type (e.g., articles, reviews and books). The most productive authors were selected in terms of the number of publications, the number of citations, the impact factor, affiliated research units and individual countries. Based on the number of keyword occurrences and a content analysis of 367 publications, seven leading areas of scientific interest (clusters) were identified: (1) techno-economic profitability of biofuels, bioenergy and pigment production in microalgae biorefineries, (2) the impact of the construction of photobioreactors and process parameters on the efficiency of microalgae cultivation, (3) strategies for increasing the amount of obtained lipids and obtaining biodiesel in Chlorella microalgae cultivation, (4) the production of astaxanthin on an industrial scale using Haematococcus microalgae, (5) the productivity of biomass and the use of alternative carbon sources in microalgae culture, (6) the effect of light and carbon dioxide conversion on biomass yield and (7) heterotrophy. Analysis revealed that topics closely related to bioenergy production and biofuels played a dominant role in scientific research. This publication indicates the directions and topics for future scientific research that should be carried out to successfully implement economically viable technology based on microalgae on an industrial scale.
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Assunção J, Pagels F, Tavares T, Malcata FX, Guedes AC. Light Modulation for Bioactive Pigment Production in Synechocystis salina. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9070331. [PMID: 35877382 PMCID: PMC9312138 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9070331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are microorganisms that are well-adapted to sudden changes in their environment, namely to light conditions. This has allowed them to develop mechanisms for photoprotection, which encompass alteration in pigment composition. Therefore, light modulation appears to be a suitable strategy to enhance the synthesis of specific pigments (e.g., phycocyanin) with commercial interest, in addition to conveying a more fundamental perspective on the mechanisms of acclimatization of cyanobacterium species. In this study, Synechocystis salina was accordingly cultivated in two light phase stages: (i) white LED, and (ii) shift to distinct light treatments, including white, green, and red LEDs. The type of LED lighting was combined with two intensities (50 and 150 µmolphotons·m−2·s−1). The effects on biomass production, photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll a (chl a) content, total carotenoids (and profile thereof), and phycobiliproteins (including phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and phycoerythrin) were assessed. White light (under high intensity) led to higher biomass production, growth, and productivity; this is consistent with higher photosynthetic efficiency. However, chl a underwent a deeper impact under green light (high intensity); total carotenoids were influenced by white light (high intensity); whilst red treatment had a higher effect upon total and individual phycobiliproteins. Enhanced PC productivities were found under modulation with red light (low intensities), and could be achieved 7 days earlier than in white LED (over 22 days); this finding is quite interesting from a sustainability and economic point of view. Light modulation accordingly appears to be a useful tool for supplementary studies pertaining to optimization of pigment production with biotechnological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Assunção
- CIIMAR /CIMAR-LA—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (J.A.); (F.P.); (A.C.G.)
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Fernando Pagels
- CIIMAR /CIMAR-LA—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (J.A.); (F.P.); (A.C.G.)
- FCUP—Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Tavares
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - F. Xavier Malcata
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - A. Catarina Guedes
- CIIMAR /CIMAR-LA—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (J.A.); (F.P.); (A.C.G.)
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Schoeters F, Spit J, Azizah RN, Van Miert S. Pilot-Scale Cultivation of the Snow Alga Chloromonas typhlos in a Photobioreactor. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:896261. [PMID: 35757813 PMCID: PMC9218667 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.896261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most studied and cultivated microalgae have a temperature optimum between 20 and 35°C. This temperature range hampers sustainable microalgae growth in countries with colder periods. To overcome this problem, psychrotolerant microalgae, such as the snow alga Chloromonas typhlos, can be cultivated during these colder periods. However, most of the research work has been carried out in the laboratory. The step between laboratory-scale and large-scale cultivation is difficult, making pilot-scale tests crucial to gather more information. Here, we presented a successful pilot-scale growth test of C. typhlos. Seven batch mode growth periods were compared during two longer growth tests in a photobioreactor of 350 L. We demonstrated the potential of this alga to be cultivated at colder ambient temperatures. The tests were performed during winter and springtime to compare ambient temperature and sunlight influences. The growth and CO2 usage were continuously monitored to calculate the productivity and CO2 fixation efficiency. A maximum dry weight of 1.082 g L-1 was achieved while a maximum growth rate and maximum daily volumetric and areal productivities of 0.105 d-1, 0.110 g L-1 d-1, and 2.746 g m-2 d-1, respectively, were measured. Future tests to optimize the cultivation of C. typhlos and production of astaxanthin, for example, will be crucial to explore the potential of biomass production of C. typhlos on a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris Schoeters
- Radius, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences, Geel, Belgium
| | - Jornt Spit
- Radius, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences, Geel, Belgium
| | - Rahmasari Nur Azizah
- Radius, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences, Geel, Belgium.,I-BioStat, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Sabine Van Miert
- Radius, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences, Geel, Belgium
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Singh V, Mishra V. A review on the current application of light-emitting diodes for microalgae cultivation and its fiscal analysis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022:1-15. [PMID: 35658771 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2057274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are the promising source of products having a low and high economic value that include feedstock and vitamin supplements. Presently, their cultivation is being carried out by using sunlight in the open raceway ponds. However, this process has disadvantages like fluctuations in irradiance of the sunlight due to climatic changes and bad weather. Artificial lights, exploiting light-emitting diodes are beneficial in increasing the volumetric productivity of the microalgal biomass as it provides continuous illumination in the photobioreactors and assist in the external and internal design. However, the application of light-emitting diodes accrues high input costs. Though the cost of light-emitting diodes was estimated long ago, there is no recent economic analysis of the same. This study aims to enlist the applications of light-emitting diodes in microalgal cultivation with reference to internally illuminated photobioreactors coupled with the evaluation of the cost and energy balance of the artificial lights. The calculation shows that the electrical energy cost incurred during the application of light-emitting diodes for microalgae cultivation is approximately USD 15.19 kg-1 DW. The collective fraction of electrical energy transformed into chemical energy (microalgae biomass) is around 6-8%. The cost of the light-emitting diodes can be decreased by the application of an Arduino-based automated control system to control the power supply to LEDs, photovoltaic powered photobioreactors and additional light. These techniques of input cost reduction have also been explored deeply in the present study. As estimated, they can reduce the cost of light-emitting diodes by 50%.HighlightsDiscussion on the current application of light-emitting diodes for microalgae cultivationA broad discussion on internally illuminated photobioreactors and their modificationsMicroalgae cultivation cost exploiting LEDs' is around USD 15.19 kg-1 DWNet conservation of electrical energy during the cultivation process is 6-8%Photovoltaic powered PBRs and Arduino microcontrollers will decrease cultivation cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Singh
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Vishal Mishra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
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Iwasaki K, Szabó M, Tamburic B, Evenhuis C, Zavafer A, Kuzhiumparambil U, Ralph P. Investigating the impact of light quality on macromolecular composition of Chaetoceros muelleri. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:554-564. [PMID: 34635201 DOI: 10.1071/fp21131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) are important to primary productivity of aquatic ecosystems. This algal group is also a valuable source of high value compounds that are utilised as aquaculture feed. The productivity of diatoms is strongly driven by light and CO2 availability, and macro- and micronutrient concentrations. The light dependency of biomass productivity and metabolite composition is well researched in diatoms, but information on the impact of light quality, particularly the productivity return on energy invested when using different monochromatic light sources, remains scarce. In this work, the productivity return on energy invested of improving growth rate, photosynthetic activity, and metabolite productivity of the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri under defined wavelengths (blue, red, and green) as well as while light is analysed. By adjusting the different light qualities to equal photosynthetically utilisable radiation, it was found that the growth rate and photosynthetic oxygen evolution was unchanged under white, blue, and green light, but it was lower under red light. Blue light improved the productivity return on energy invested for biomass, total protein, total lipid, total carbohydrate, and in fatty acids production, which would suggest that blue light should be used for aquaculture feed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Iwasaki
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Milán Szabó
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungary, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bojan Tamburic
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christian Evenhuis
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alonso Zavafer
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Peter Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Paper M, Glemser M, Haack M, Lorenzen J, Mehlmer N, Fuchs T, Schenk G, Garbe D, Weuster-Botz D, Eisenreich W, Lakatos M, Brück TB. Efficient Green Light Acclimation of the Green Algae Picochlorum sp. Triggering Geranylgeranylated Chlorophylls. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:885977. [PMID: 35573232 PMCID: PMC9095919 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.885977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In analogy to higher plants, eukaryotic microalgae are thought to be incapable of utilizing green light for growth, due to the “green gap” in the absorbance profiles of their photosynthetic pigments. This study demonstrates, that the marine chlorophyte Picochlorum sp. is able to grow efficiently under green light emitting diode (LED) illumination. Picochlorum sp. growth and pigment profiles under blue, red, green and white LED illumination (light intensity: 50–200 μmol m−2 s−1) in bottom-lightened shake flask cultures were evaluated. Green light-treated cultures showed a prolonged initial growth lag phase of one to 2 days, which was subsequently compensated to obtain comparable biomass yields to red and white light controls (approx. 0.8 gDW L−1). Interestingly, growth and final biomass yields of the green light-treated sample were higher than under blue light with equivalent illumination energies. Further, pigment analysis indicated, that during green light illumination, Picochlorum sp. formed unknown pigments (X1-X4). Pigment concentrations increased with illumination intensity and were most abundant during the exponential growth phase. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance data indicated, that pigments X1-X2 and X3-X4 are derivatives of chlorophyll b and a, which harbor C=C bonds in the phytol side chain similar to geranylgeranylated chlorophylls. Thus, for the first time, the natural accumulation of large pools (approx. 12 mg gDW−1) of chlorophyll intermediates with incomplete hydrogenation of their phytyl chains is demonstrated for algae under monochromatic green light (Peak λ 510 nm, full width at half maximum 91 nm). The ability to utilize green light offers competitive advantages for enhancing biomass production, particularly under conditions of dense cultures, long light pathways and high light intensity. Green light acclimation for an eukaryotic microalgae in conjunction with the formation of new aberrant geranylgeranylated chlorophylls and high efficiency of growth rates are novel for eukaryotic microalgae. Illumination with green light could enhance productivity in industrial processes and trigger the formation of new metabolites–thus, underlying mechanisms require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Paper
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias Glemser
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- TUM AlgaeTec Center, Ludwig Bölkow Campus, Department of Aerospace and Geodesy, Taufkirchen, Germany
| | - Martina Haack
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Jan Lorenzen
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Norbert Mehlmer
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Tobias Fuchs
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- TUM AlgaeTec Center, Ludwig Bölkow Campus, Department of Aerospace and Geodesy, Taufkirchen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Garbe
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- TUM AlgaeTec Center, Ludwig Bölkow Campus, Department of Aerospace and Geodesy, Taufkirchen, Germany
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- TUM AlgaeTec Center, Ludwig Bölkow Campus, Department of Aerospace and Geodesy, Taufkirchen, Germany
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Chair of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Lakatos
- Integrative Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Pirmasens, Germany
| | - Thomas B. Brück
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- TUM AlgaeTec Center, Ludwig Bölkow Campus, Department of Aerospace and Geodesy, Taufkirchen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Thomas B. Brück,
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Bialevich V, Zachleder V, Bišová K. The Effect of Variable Light Source and Light Intensity on the Growth of Three Algal Species. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081293. [PMID: 35455972 PMCID: PMC9028354 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is the essential energy source for autotrophically growing organisms, including microalgae. Both light intensity and light quality affect cell growth and biomass composition. Here we used three green algae—Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Desmodesmus quadricauda, and Parachlorella kessleri—to study the effects of different light intensities and light spectra on their growth. Cultures were grown at three different light intensities (100, 250, and 500 µmol m−2 s−1) and three different light sources: fluorescent lamps, RGB LEDs, and white LEDs. Cultures of Desmodesmus quadricauda and Parachlorella kessleri were saturated at 250 µmol m−2 s−1, and further increasing the light intensity did not improve their growth. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultures did not reach saturation under the conditions used. All species usually divide into more than two daughter cells by a mechanism called multiple fission. Increasing light intensity resulted in an increase in maximum cell size and division into more daughter cells. In Parachlorella kessleri cells, the concentration of photosynthetic pigments decreased with light intensity. Different light sources had no effect on algal growth or photosynthetic pigments. The results show a species-specific response of algae to light intensity and support the use of any white light source for their cultivation without negative effects on growth.
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Mapstone LJ, Leite MN, Purton S, Crawford IA, Dartnell L. Cyanobacteria and microalgae in supporting human habitation on Mars. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Zhang H, Chen A, Huang L, Zhang C, Gao B. Transcriptomic analysis unravels the modulating mechanisms of the biomass and value-added bioproducts accumulation by light spectrum in Eustigmatos cf. Polyphem (Eustigmatophyceae). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 338:125523. [PMID: 34265594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Light spectrum can influence microalgal growth and metabolites accumulation significantly. However, the related mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here, an oleaginous microalga Eustigmatos cf. polyphem, which also featured with high content of palmitoleic acid (POA) and β-carotene, was cultured with LEDs-based red light (RL) and blue light (BL). The results showed that the biomass, total lipid content and POA content were much higher under RL than these under BL, regardless of nitrogen concentration. However, the β-carotene content under RL was significantly lower than that under BL. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that photosynthesis, central carbon metabolism, fatty acid and glycerolipid biosynthesis were elevated, supporting the fast cell growth and high lipid content with POA under RL. In contrast, upregulation of key enzymes in carotenoids biosynthesis and suppression of β-carotene conversion promoted β-carotene accumulation under BL. These findings provide a feasible strategy for promoting lipids, POA and β-carotene in E. cf. polyphem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Ailing Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Luodong Huang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Baoyan Gao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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18
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Huang S, Li K, Pan Y, Yu Y, Wernberg T, de Bettignies T, Wu J, Zhou C, Huang Z, Xiao X. Artificial light source selection in seaweed production: growth of seaweed and biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments and soluble protein. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11351. [PMID: 34026353 PMCID: PMC8121058 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweed growth is often limited by light. Artificial light supply has been well studied in terrestrial agriculture, however, much less is known about its effect in seaweed aquaculture. In this study, the effects of four artificial light sources (white, red, green, and blue LEDs light) on a brown alga Sargassum fusiforme and a green alga Ulva pertusa were investigated. Seaweed growth, accumulation of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and carotenoid), and soluble protein were evaluated. White LED light was the optimal supplementary light when cultivating Ulva pertusa and Sargassum fusiforme, because it promoted seaweed growth while maintaining protein production. Meanwhile, red LED was unfavored in the cultivation of S. fusiforme, as it affected the seaweed growth and has a lower residual energy ratio underneath the water. LEDs would be a promising supplementary light source for seaweed cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Huang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Li
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaoru Pan
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thibaut de Bettignies
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,UMS 2006 Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat), OFB-CNRS-MNHN, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Jiaping Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaosheng Zhou
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute (Zhejiang Key Lab of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-resource), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhixing Huang
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute (Zhejiang Key Lab of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-resource), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Xiao
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
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19
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Huang Z, Zhong C, Dai J, Li S, Zheng M, He Y, Wang M, Chen B. Simultaneous enhancement on renewable bioactive compounds from Porphyridium cruentum via a novel two-stage cultivation. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Malykhina G, Tarkhov D, Shkodyrev V, Lazovskaya T. Intelligent LED Certification System in Mass Production. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21082891. [PMID: 33924279 PMCID: PMC8074899 DOI: 10.3390/s21082891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
It is impossible to effectively use light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in medicine and telecommunication systems without knowing their main characteristics, the most important of them being efficiency. Reliable measurement of LED efficiency holds particular significance for mass production automation. The method for measuring LED efficiency consists in comparing two cooling curves of the LED crystal obtained after exposure to short current pulses of positive and negative polarities. The measurement results are adversely affected by noise in the electrical measuring circuit. The widely used instrumental noise suppression filters, as well as classical digital infinite impulse response (IIR), finite impulse response (FIR) filters, and adaptive filters fail to yield satisfactory results. Unlike adaptive filters, blind methods do not require a special reference signal, which makes them more promising for removing noise and reconstructing the waveform when measuring the efficiency of LEDs. The article suggests a method for sequential blind signal extraction based on a cascading neural network. Statistical analysis of signal and noise values has revealed that the signal and the noise have different forms of the probability density function (PDF). Therefore, it is preferable to use high-order statistical moments characterizing the shape of the PDF for signal extraction. Generalized statistical moments were used as an objective function for optimization of neural network parameters, namely, generalized skewness and generalized kurtosis. The order of the generalized moments was chosen according to the criterion of the maximum Mahalanobis distance. The proposed method has made it possible to implement a multi-temporal comparison of the crystal cooling curves for measuring LED efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Malykhina
- High School of Cyber-Physical Systems and Control, Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (G.M.); (V.S.)
- Scientific and Technological Centre (STC) “Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Control Systems”, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Tarkhov
- Scientific and Technological Centre (STC) “Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Control Systems”, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Higher Mathematics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Viacheslav Shkodyrev
- High School of Cyber-Physical Systems and Control, Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (G.M.); (V.S.)
- Higher School of Software Engineering, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Lazovskaya
- Scientific and Technological Centre (STC) “Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Control Systems”, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Higher Mathematics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
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21
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Bates H, Zavafer A, Szabó M, Ralph PJ. The Phenobottle, an open-source photobioreactor platform for environmental simulation. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Assunção J, Malcata FX. Enclosed “non-conventional” photobioreactors for microalga production: A review. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Haematococcus pluvialis bioprocess optimization: Effect of light quality, temperature and irradiance on growth, pigment content and photosynthetic response. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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24
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Light-Emitting Diode Power Conversion Capability and CO2 Fixation Rate of Microalgae Biofilm Cultured Under Different Light Spectra. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13071536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae biofilm-based culture has attracted much interest due to its high harvest efficiency and low energy requirements. Using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as light source for microalgae culture has been considered as a promising choice to enhance the economic feasibility of microalgae-based commodities. In this work, the LED power conversion capability and CO2 fixation rate of microalgae biofilms (Chlorella ellipsoidea and Chlorella pyrenoidosa) cultured under different light spectra (white, blue, green and red) were studied. The results indicated that the power-to-biomass conversion capabilities of these two microalgae biofilms cultured under blue and white LEDs were much higher than those under green and red LEDs (C. ellipsoidea: 32%–33% higher, C. pyrenoidosa: 34%–46% higher), and their power-to-lipid conversion capabilities cultured under blue LEDs were 61%–66% higher than those under green LEDs. The CO2 fixation rates of these two biofilms cultured under blue LEDs were 13% and 31% higher, respectively, than those under green LEDs. The results of this study have important implications for selecting the optimal energy-efficient LEDs using in microalgae biofilm-based culture systems.
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Fabris M, Abbriano RM, Pernice M, Sutherland DL, Commault AS, Hall CC, Labeeuw L, McCauley JI, Kuzhiuparambil U, Ray P, Kahlke T, Ralph PJ. Emerging Technologies in Algal Biotechnology: Toward the Establishment of a Sustainable, Algae-Based Bioeconomy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:279. [PMID: 32256509 PMCID: PMC7090149 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mankind has recognized the value of land plants as renewable sources of food, medicine, and materials for millennia. Throughout human history, agricultural methods were continuously modified and improved to meet the changing needs of civilization. Today, our rapidly growing population requires further innovation to address the practical limitations and serious environmental concerns associated with current industrial and agricultural practices. Microalgae are a diverse group of unicellular photosynthetic organisms that are emerging as next-generation resources with the potential to address urgent industrial and agricultural demands. The extensive biological diversity of algae can be leveraged to produce a wealth of valuable bioproducts, either naturally or via genetic manipulation. Microalgae additionally possess a set of intrinsic advantages, such as low production costs, no requirement for arable land, and the capacity to grow rapidly in both large-scale outdoor systems and scalable, fully contained photobioreactors. Here, we review technical advancements, novel fields of application, and products in the field of algal biotechnology to illustrate how algae could present high-tech, low-cost, and environmentally friendly solutions to many current and future needs of our society. We discuss how emerging technologies such as synthetic biology, high-throughput phenomics, and the application of internet of things (IoT) automation to algal manufacturing technology can advance the understanding of algal biology and, ultimately, drive the establishment of an algal-based bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fabris
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Raffaela M. Abbriano
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Mathieu Pernice
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Donna L. Sutherland
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Audrey S. Commault
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher C. Hall
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Leen Labeeuw
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Janice I. McCauley
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Parijat Ray
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Kahlke
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter J. Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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Webb JP, van Keulen M, Wong SKS, Hamley E, Nwoba E, Moheimani NR. Light spectral effect on a consortium of filamentous green algae grown on anaerobic digestate piggery effluent (ADPE). ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Pereira S, Otero A. Effect of light quality on carotenogenic and non-carotenogenic species of the genus Dunaliella under nitrogen deficiency. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Koyande AK, Show PL, Guo R, Tang B, Ogino C, Chang JS. Bio-processing of algal bio-refinery: a review on current advances and future perspectives. Bioengineered 2019; 10:574-592. [PMID: 31668124 PMCID: PMC6844430 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2019.1679697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae biomass contains various useful bio-active components. Microalgae derived biodiesel has been researched for almost two decades. However, sole biodiesel extraction from microalgae is time-consuming and is not economically feasible due to competitive fossil fuel prices. Microalgae also contains proteins and carbohydrates in abundance. Microalgae are likewise utilized to extract high-value products such as pigments, anti-oxidants and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids which are useful in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. These compounds can be extracted simultaneously or sequentially after biodiesel extraction to reduce the total expenditure involved in the process. This approach of bio-refinery is necessary to promote microalgae in the commercial market. Researchers have been keen on utilizing the bio-refinery approach to exploit the valuable components encased by microalgae. Apart from all the beneficial components housed by microalgae, they also help in reducing the anthropogenic CO2 levels of the atmosphere while utilizing saline or wastewater. These benefits enable microalgae as a potential source for bio-refinery approach. Although life-cycle analysis and economic assessment do not favor the use of microalgae biomass feedstock to produce biofuel and co-products with the existing techniques, this review still aims to highlight the beneficial components of microalgae and their importance to humans. In addition, this article also focuses on current and future aspects of improving the feasibility of bio-processing for microalgae bio-refinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurav Krishna Koyande
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau-Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ruixin Guo
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bencan Tang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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29
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Gonçalves VD, Fagundes-Klen MR, Trigueros DEG, Schuelter AR, Kroumov AD, Módenes AN. Combination of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for photostimulation of carotenoids and chlorophylls synthesis in Tetradesmus sp. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Li D, Yuan Y, Cheng D, Zhao Q. Effect of light quality on growth rate, carbohydrate accumulation, fatty acid profile and lutein biosynthesis of Chlorella sp. AE10. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121783. [PMID: 31326682 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are feedstocks for multiple product development based on algal biorefinery concept. The effects of light quality (white, red and blue light emitting diodes) and macro-element starvations on Chlorella sp. AE10 were investigated under 20% CO2 and 850 µmol m-2 d-1. Nitrogen and phosphorus starvations had negative effects on its growth rate. The biomass productivities were decreased from day 1 and the highest one was 1.90 g L-1 d-1 under white light conditions. Phosphorus starvation promoted carbohydrate accumulation under three LED light sources conditions and the highest carbohydrate content was 75.9% using red light. Blue light increased lutein content to 9.58 mg g-1. The content of saturated fatty acids was significantly increased from 37.51% under blue light and full culture medium conditions to 77.44% under blue light and nitrogen starvation conditions. Chlorella sp. AE10 was a good candidate for carbohydrate and lutein productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengjin Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yizhong Yuan
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Dujia Cheng
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Quanyu Zhao
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China; ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
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31
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Pang N, Fu X, Fernandez JSM, Chen S. Multilevel heuristic LED regime for stimulating lipid and bioproducts biosynthesis in Haematococcus pluvialis under mixotrophic conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 288:121525. [PMID: 31174087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced biosynthesis and overproduction of lipid and high-value bioproducts endows microalgae as a promising feedstock for the cost-effective development of advanced bioenergy currently. In this study, multilevel heuristic LED regimes, designed with the coordination of light, nitrogen and carbons in terms of cell physiology and morphology, have been implemented to significantly induce the growth and bioproducts accumulation of Haematococcus pluvialis under mixotrophic conditions. The white-red regime with C5 organic carbon showed a good potential for enhancing microalgal biomass and lipid synthesis, especially for saturated fatty acids. The astaxanthin biosynthesis has been significantly enhanced and the highest content of 3.3% was achieved with gluconate at the white-blue regime. Additionally, white-blue regime enhanced the protein content of H. pluvialis up to 45%, increased by 40% over the white-red culture. The multilevel LED protocol can be developed synergistically with the different adaptation and tolerance of algal cell physiology and morphology for target bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Pang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA
| | - Jose S Martinez Fernandez
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA
| | - Shulin Chen
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA.
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32
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Leonardi RJ, Ibañez MV, Morelli MN, Irazoqui HA, Heinrich JM. Influence of light stratification on the growth of Scenedesmus quadricauda. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Sidari R, Tofalo R. A Comprehensive Overview on Microalgal-Fortified/Based Food and Beverages. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1608557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Sidari
- Department of Agraria, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tofalo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Duarte JH, de Souza CO, Druzian JI, Costa JAV. Light emitting diodes applied in Synechococcus nidulans cultures: Effect on growth, pigments production and lipid profiles. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 280:511-514. [PMID: 30808591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Researches about light emitting diodes (LEDs) as energy source in microalgae cultivations has been growing in recent years due to its spectral quality, durability and reduced energy consumption. In this study, green, red and yellow LEDs were evaluated as energy source in Synechococcus nidulans LEB 115 cultures. Productivities and specific growth rates were up to 2.5 times greater than in cultures using fluorescent light. The different LED colors evaluated did not influence the chlorophyll, carotenoid or lipid productions. Biomass cultivated with LEDs showed high amounts of saturated fatty acids (above 48%), which is desirable for biodiesel production. In addition to the Synechococcus nidulans LEB 115 growth stimulation, the application of green, red and yellow LEDs in the cultivations produces potential biomass for biodiesel synthesis and other industrial interest biomolecules utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hartwig Duarte
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira de Souza
- Laboratory of Fish and Applied Chromatography, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Janice Izabel Druzian
- Laboratory of Fish and Applied Chromatography, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil.
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Schmermund L, Jurkaš V, Özgen FF, Barone GD, Büchsenschütz HC, Winkler CK, Schmidt S, Kourist R, Kroutil W. Photo-Biocatalysis: Biotransformations in the Presence of Light. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Schmermund
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Valentina Jurkaš
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - F. Feyza Özgen
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Giovanni D. Barone
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hanna C. Büchsenschütz
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph K. Winkler
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sandy Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Kourist
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Ma R, Zhao X, Xie Y, Ho SH, Chen J. Enhancing lutein productivity of Chlamydomonas sp. via high-intensity light exposure with corresponding carotenogenic genes expression profiles. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 275:416-420. [PMID: 30626542 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The marine microalga Chlamydomonas sp. JSC4 is a potential lutein source with high light tolerance. In this study, light intensity was manipulated to enhance cell growth and lutein production of this microalga. High lutein productivity (5.08 mg/L/d) was achieved under high light irradiation of 625 μmol/m2/s. Further increase in light intensity to 750 μmol/m2/s enhanced the biomass productivity to 1821.5 mg/L/d, but led to a decrease in lutein content. Under high light conditions, most carotenoids and chlorophyll contents decreased, while zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin contents increased. Inspection of gene expression profile shows that the lut1 and zep genes, responsible for lutein synthesis and flow of zeaxanthin into violaxanthin, respectively, were downregulated, while zeaxanthin biosynthesis gene crtZ was upregulated when the microalga was exposed to a high light intensity. This is consistent with the decrease in lutein content and increase in zeaxanthin content under high light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Ma
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xurui Zhao
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Youping Xie
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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Enzmann F, Stöckl M, Zeng AP, Holtmann D. Same but different-Scale up and numbering up in electrobiotechnology and photobiotechnology. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:121-132. [PMID: 32624994 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Facing energy problems, there is a strong demand for new technologies dealing with the replacement of fossil fuels. The emerging fields of biotechnology, photobiotechnology and electrobiotechnology, offer solutions for the production of fuels, energy, or chemicals using renewable energy sources (light or electrical current e.g. produced by wind or solar power) or organic (waste) substrates. From an engineering point of view both technologies have analogies and some similar challenges, since both light and electron transfer are primarily surface-dependent. In contrast to that, bioproduction processes are typically volume dependent. To allow large scale and industrially relevant applications of photobiotechnology and electrobiotechnology, this opinion first gives an overview over the current scales reached in these areas. We then try to point out the challenges and possible methods for the scale up or numbering up of the reactors used. It is shown that the field of photobiotechnology is by now much more advanced than electrobiotechnology and has achieved industrial applications in some cases. We argue that transferring knowledge from photobiotechnology to electrobiotechnology can speed up the development of the emerging field of electrobiotechnology. We believe that a combination of scale up and numbering up, as it has been shown for several photobiotechnological reactors, may well lead to industrially relevant scales in electrobiotechnological processes allowing an industrial application of the technology in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Enzmann
- Industrial Biotechnology DECHEMA Research Institute Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Markus Stöckl
- Electrochemistry DECHEMA Research Institute Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - An-Ping Zeng
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Technische Universität Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- Industrial Biotechnology DECHEMA Research Institute Frankfurt am Main Germany
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38
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Blue light enhances astaxanthin biosynthesis metabolism and extraction efficiency in Haematococcus pluvialis by inducing haematocyst germination. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Serôdio J, Schmidt W, Frommlet JC, Christa G, Nitschke MR. An LED-based multi-actinic illumination system for the high throughput study of photosynthetic light responses. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5589. [PMID: 30202661 PMCID: PMC6128260 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The responses of photosynthetic organisms to light stress are of interest for both fundamental and applied research. Functional traits related to the photoinhibition, the light-induced loss of photosynthetic efficiency, are particularly interesting as this process is a key limiting factor of photosynthetic productivity in algae and plants. The quantitative characterization of light responses is often time-consuming and calls for cost-effective high throughput approaches that enable the fast screening of multiple samples. Here we present a novel illumination system based on the concept of ‘multi-actinic imaging’ of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence. The system is based on the combination of an array of individually addressable low power RGBW LEDs and custom-designed well plates, allowing for the independent illumination of 64 samples through the digital manipulation of both exposure duration and light intensity. The illumination system is inexpensive and easily fabricated, based on open source electronics, off-the-shelf components, and 3D-printed parts, and is optimized for imaging of chlorophyll fluorescence. The high-throughput potential of the system is illustrated by assessing the functional diversity in light responses of marine macroalgal species, through the fast and simultaneous determination of kinetic parameters characterizing the response to light stress of multiple samples. Although the presented illumination system was primarily designed for the measurement of phenotypic traits related to photosynthetic activity and photoinhibition, it can be potentially used for a number of alternative applications, including the measurement of chloroplast phototaxis and action spectra, or as the basis for microphotobioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Serôdio
- Department of Biology and CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - William Schmidt
- Department of Biology and CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jörg C Frommlet
- Department of Biology and CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gregor Christa
- Department of Biology and CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Matthew R Nitschke
- Department of Biology and CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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40
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Wang S, Verma SK, Hakeem Said I, Thomsen L, Ullrich MS, Kuhnert N. Changes in the fucoxanthin production and protein profiles in Cylindrotheca closterium in response to blue light-emitting diode light. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:110. [PMID: 29986707 PMCID: PMC6036692 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine diatoms have a higher fucoxanthin content in comparison to macroalgae. Fucoxanthin features many potent bioactive properties, particularly anti-obesity properties. Despite the great potential for harvesting larger amounts of fucoxanthin, the impacts of light quality (light source, intensity, and photoperiod) on fucoxanthin production and the essential proteins involved in fucoxanthin biosynthesis in marine diatoms remain unclear. RESULTS In the present study, Cylindrotheca closterium was selected from four different species of diatoms based on its high fucoxanthin content and productivity. Optimal light conditions (light source, intensity, and regime) were determined by a "Design of Experiment" approach (software MODDE Pro 11 was used). The model indicated that an 18/6 light/darkness regime increased fucoxanthin productivity remarkably as opposed to a 12/12 or 24/0 regime. Eventually, blue light-emitting diode light, as an alternative to fluorescent light, at 100 μmol/m2/s and 18/6 light/darkness regime yielded maximum fucoxanthin productivity and minimal energy consumption. The fucoxanthin production of C. closterium under the predicted optimal light conditions was assessed both in bottle and bag photobioreactors (PBRs). The high fucoxanthin content (25.5 mg/g) obtained from bag PBRs demonstrated the feasibility of large-scale production. The proteomes of C. closterium under the most favorable and unfavorable fucoxanthin biosynthesis light/darkness regimes (18/6 and 24/0, respectively) were compared to identify the essential proteins associated with fucoxanthin accumulation by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry. Six proteins that were up-regulated in the 18/6 regime but down-regulated in the 24/0 were identified as important chloroplastic proteins involved in photosynthesis, energy metabolism, and cellular processes. CONCLUSIONS Blue light-emitting diode light at 100 μmol/m2/s and 18/6 light/darkness regime induced maximum fucoxanthin productivity in C. closterium and minimized energy consumption. The high fucoxanthin production in the bag photobioreactor under optimal light conditions demonstrated the possibility of commercialization. Proteomics suggests that fucoxanthin biosynthesis is intimately associated with the photosynthetic efficiency of the diatom, providing another technical and bioengineering outlook on fucoxanthin enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sujit K. Verma
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Inamullah Hakeem Said
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Laurenz Thomsen
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Matthias S. Ullrich
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Nikolai Kuhnert
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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Ma R, Thomas-Hall SR, Chua ET, Eltanahy E, Netzel ME, Netzel G, Lu Y, Schenk PM. LED power efficiency of biomass, fatty acid, and carotenoid production in Nannochloropsis microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 252:118-126. [PMID: 29306714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The microalga Nannochloropsis produces high-value omega-3-rich fatty acids and carotenoids. In this study the effects of light intensity and wavelength on biomass, fatty acid, and carotenoid production with respect to light output efficiency were investigated. Similar biomass and fatty acid yields were obtained at high light intensity (150 μmol m-2 s-1) LEDs on day 7 and low light intensity (50 μmol m-2 s-1) LEDs on day 11 during cultivation, but the power efficiencies of biomass and fatty acid (specifically eicosapentaenoic acid) production were higher for low light intensity. Interestingly, low light intensity enhanced both, carotenoid power efficiency of carotenoid biosynthesis and yield. White LEDs were neither advantageous for biomass and fatty acid yields, nor the power efficiency of biomass, fatty acid, and carotenoid production. Noticeably, red LED resulted in the highest biomass and fatty acid power efficiency, suggesting that LEDs can be fine-tuned to grow Nannochloropsis algae more energy-efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China; Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Skye R Thomas-Hall
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Elvis T Chua
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Eladl Eltanahy
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Michael E Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, PO Box 156, Archerfield, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Gabriele Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, PO Box 156, Archerfield, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Peer M Schenk
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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42
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Ma R, Thomas-Hall SR, Chua ET, Alsenani F, Eltanahy E, Netzel ME, Netzel G, Lu Y, Schenk PM. Gene expression profiling of astaxanthin and fatty acid pathways in Haematococcus pluvialis in response to different LED lighting conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:591-602. [PMID: 29216572 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis is a green microalga of major interest to industry based on its ability to produce large amounts of astaxanthin. Biosynthesis of astaxanthin and its mono- and di-esters was significantly stimulated under 150 μmol m-2 s-1 of white LED (W-150) compared with lower light intensities, but the highest astaxanthin amounts were produced under 70 μmol m-2 s-1 of blue LED (B-70). Transcripts of astaxanthin biosynthesis genes psy, crtO, and bkt2 were upregulated under W-150, while psy, lcy, crtO, and crtR-B were upregulated by B-70. Total fatty acid content and biosynthesis genes fata and all dgat genes were induced under W-150, while C18:3n6 biosynthesis and dgat2a expression were specifically stimulated by B-70 which was correlated to astaxanthin ester biosynthesis. Nitrogen starvation, various LEDs and the identified upregulated genes may provide useful tools for future metabolic engineering to significantly increase free astaxanthin, its esters and fatty acid precursors in H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Skye R Thomas-Hall
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elvis T Chua
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Faisal Alsenani
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Eladl Eltanahy
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Michael E Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, PO Box 156, Archerfield, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Gabriele Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, PO Box 156, Archerfield, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Peer M Schenk
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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43
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Strieth D, Ulber R, Muffler K. Application of phototrophic biofilms: from fundamentals to processes. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 41:295-312. [PMID: 29198024 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnological production of valuables by microorganisms is commonly achieved by cultivating the cells as suspended solids in an appropriate liquid medium. However, the main portion of these organisms features a surface-attached growth in their native habitats. The utilization of such biofilms shows significant challenges, e.g. concerning control of pH, nutrient supply, and heat/mass transfer. But the use of biofilms might also enable novel and innovative production processes addressing robustness and strength of the applied biocatalyst, for example if variable conditions might occur in the process or a feedstock (substrate) is changed in its composition. Besides the robustness of a biofilm, the high density of the immobilized biocatalyst facilitates a simple separation of the catalyst and the extracellular product, whereas intracellular target compounds occur in a concentrated form; thus, expenses for downstream processing can be drastically reduced. While phototrophic organisms feature a fabulous spectrum of metabolites ranging from biofuels to biologically active compounds, the low cell density of phototrophic suspension cultures is still limiting their application for production processes. The review is focusing on pro- and eukaryotic microalgae featuring the production of valuable compounds and highlights requirements for their cultivation as phototrophic biofilms, i.e. setup as well as operation of biofilm reactors, and modeling of phototrophic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Strieth
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - R Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - K Muffler
- Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, Berlinstr. 109, 55411, Bingen, Germany.
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Schulze PS, Guerra R, Pereira H, Schüler LM, Varela JC. Flashing LEDs for Microalgal Production. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:1088-1101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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45
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Stankiewicz A. Penrose triangles of the fossil-to-bio-based transition. Faraday Discuss 2017; 202:521-529. [PMID: 28849836 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transition within the chemical industry from fossil to green feedstocks is a complex process characterized by the generation of commercially viable feedstock-process-product triangles. The research in this area encompasses a great diversity of relevant topics. A number of those topics have been addressed within this volume of Faraday Discussions and are summarized in this paper. They are categorized and discussed along with seven general questions arising from the feedstock-process-product triangles. Opportunities are identified that should make more of these triangles technically and economically feasible. The future role of renewable electricity as the primary energy source for the bio-based industry is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Stankiewicz
- Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands.
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46
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García JL, de Vicente M, Galán B. Microalgae, old sustainable food and fashion nutraceuticals. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:1017-1024. [PMID: 28809450 PMCID: PMC5609256 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have been used for centuries to provide nourishment to humans and animals, only very recently they have become much more widely cultured and harvested at large industrial scale. This paper reviews the potential health benefits and nutrition provided by microalgae whose benefits are contributing to expand their market. We also point out several key challenges that remain to be addressed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L. García
- Department of Environmental BiologyCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) (CSIC)MadridSpain
- Department of Applied BiotechnologyInstitute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio) (Universidad de Valencia‐CSIC)ValenciaSpain
| | - Marta de Vicente
- Department of Environmental BiologyCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Beatriz Galán
- Department of Environmental BiologyCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) (CSIC)MadridSpain
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47
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Mader M, Schwerna P, Buchholz R, van Geldern R, Barth JA. A new approach to quantify system efficiency with dissolved oxygen isotopes during engineered growth of Galdieria sulphuraria. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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Apel A, Pfaffinger C, Basedahl N, Mittwollen N, Göbel J, Sauter J, Brück T, Weuster-Botz D. Open thin-layer cascade reactors for saline microalgae production evaluated in a physically simulated Mediterranean summer climate. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Coward T, Fuentes-Grünewald C, Silkina A, Oatley-Radcliffe DL, Llewellyn G, Lovitt RW. Utilising light-emitting diodes of specific narrow wavelengths for the optimization and co-production of multiple high-value compounds in Porphyridium purpureum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 221:607-615. [PMID: 27693726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of specific narrow light-emitting diode (LED) wavelengths (red, green, blue) and a combination of LED wavelengths (red, green and blue - RGB) on biomass composition produced by Porphyridium purpureum is studied. Phycobiliprotein, fatty acids, exopolysaccharides, pigment content, and the main macromolecules composition were analysed to determine the effect of wavelength on multiple compounds of commercial interest. The results demonstrate that green light plays a significant role in the growth of rhodophyta, due to phycobiliproteins being able to harvest green wavelengths where chlorophyll pigments absorb poorly. However, under multi-chromatic LED wavelengths, P. purpureum biomass accumulated the highest yield of valuable products such as eicosapentaenoic acid (∼2.9% DW), zeaxanthin (∼586μgg-1DW), β-carotene (397μgg-1DW), exopolysaccharides (2.05g/L-1), and phycobiliproteins (∼4.8% DW). This increased accumulation is likely to be the combination of both photo-adaption and photo-protection, under the combined specific wavelengths employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Coward
- Centre for Complex Fluids Processing (CCFP), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Fuentes-Grünewald
- Centre for Complex Fluids Processing (CCFP), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Alla Silkina
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research (CSAR), Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Darren L Oatley-Radcliffe
- Energy Safety Research Institute (ESRI), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom.
| | - Gareth Llewellyn
- EPSRC UK National Mass Spectrometry Facility, Grove Building, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W Lovitt
- Centre for Complex Fluids Processing (CCFP), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
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50
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López-Rosales L, García-Camacho F, Sánchez-Mirón A, Martín Beato E, Chisti Y, Molina Grima E. Pilot-scale bubble column photobioreactor culture of a marine dinoflagellate microalga illuminated with light emission diodes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 216:845-855. [PMID: 27318163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Production of biomass of the shear-sensitive marine algal dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum was successfully scaled-up to 80L using a bubble column photobioreactor. The scale factor exceeded 28,500. Light-emission diodes were used as the light source. The diel irradiance profile mimicked the outdoor profile of natural sunlight. The final cell concentration in the absence of nutrient limitation in the scaled-up photobioreactor was nearly 12×10(5)cellsmL(-1), or the same as in laboratory culture systems. The pH-controlled culture (pH=8.5) was always carbon-sufficient. The culture was mixed pneumatically by using a superficial air velocity of 1.9×10(-3)ms(-1) and the temperature was controlled at 21±1°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- L López-Rosales
- Chemical Engineering Area, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - F García-Camacho
- Chemical Engineering Area, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - A Sánchez-Mirón
- Chemical Engineering Area, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - E Martín Beato
- Chemical Engineering Area, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Yusuf Chisti
- School of Engineering, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - E Molina Grima
- Chemical Engineering Area, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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