1
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Salunkhe JD, Pulidindi IN, Patil VS, Patil SV. Neurospora sp. Mediated Synthesis of Naringenin for the Production of Bioactive Nanomaterials. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:510. [PMID: 38790376 PMCID: PMC11117806 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of Neurospora sp., a fungus that commonly thrives on complex agricultural and plant wastes, has proven successful in utilizing citrus peel waste as a source of naringin. A UV-Vis spectrophotometric method proved the biotransformation of naringin, with an absorption maximum (λmax) observed at 310 nm for the biotransformed product, naringenin (NAR). Further verification of the conversion of naringin was provided through thin layer chromatography (TLC). The Neurospora crassa mediated biotransformation of naringin to NAR was utilized for the rapid (within 5 min) synthesis of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoconjugates using sunlight to accelerate the reaction. The synthesized NAR-nano Ag and NAR-nano Au conjugates exhibited monodispersed spherical and spherical as well as polygonal shaped particles, respectively. Both of the nanoconjugates showed average particle sizes of less than 90 nm from TEM analysis. The NAR-Ag and NAR-Au nanoconjugates displayed potential enhancement of the antimicrobial activities, including antibacterial and nematicidal properties over either standalone NAR or Ag or Au NPs. This study reveals the potential of naringinase-producing Neurospora sp. for transforming naringin into NAR. Additionally, the resulting NAR-Ag and NAR-Au nanoconjugates showed promise as sustainable antibiotics and biochemical nematicides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Indra Neel Pulidindi
- Jesus’ Scientific Consultancy for Industrial and Academic Research (JSCIAR), Tharamani 600113, India
| | - Vikas Sambhaji Patil
- University Institute of Chemical Technology (UICT), Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, India;
| | - Satish Vitthal Patil
- School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, India;
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2
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Holzenkamp C, Wennrich JP, Muema JM, Ashrafi S, Maier W, Stadler M, Ebada SS. Laburnicotides A-F: Acyclic N-Acetyl Oligopeptides from the Nematode-Cyst-Associated Fungus Laburnicola nematophila. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21658-21667. [PMID: 38764662 PMCID: PMC11097168 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Nematode-associated fungi revealed the potential to produce a broad spectrum of chemical scaffolds. In this study, a mycelial extract of Laburnicola nematophila, a fungal strain derived from the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi, was chemically explored and afforded six unprecedentedly reported acylic N-acetyl oligopeptides, laburnicotides A-F (1-6). Structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was established based on comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses together with the acquired HR-ESI-MS spectrometric data. The absolute configuration of amino acid residues in 1-6 was established by performing advanced Marfey's derivatization method. All isolated compounds were assessed for their cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antiviral, and nematicidal activities with no potential activity observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Holzenkamp
- Department
of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre
for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, Braunschweig 38124, Germany
- Institute
of Microbiology, Technische Universität
Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße
7, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Jan-Peer Wennrich
- Department
of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre
for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, Braunschweig 38124, Germany
- Institute
of Microbiology, Technische Universität
Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße
7, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Jackson M. Muema
- Compound
Profiling and Screening (COPS), Helmholtz
Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, Braunschweig 38124, Germany
| | - Samad Ashrafi
- Institute
for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)−Federal Research Center
for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11-12, Braunschweig 38104, Germany
- Institute
for Crop and Soil Science, Julius Kühn
Institute (JKI)−Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Bundesallee 58, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Institute
for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)−Federal Research Center
for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11-12, Braunschweig 38104, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department
of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre
for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, Braunschweig 38124, Germany
- Institute
of Microbiology, Technische Universität
Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße
7, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Sherif S. Ebada
- Department
of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre
for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, Braunschweig 38124, Germany
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain
Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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3
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Patidar P, Prasad L, Sagar S, Sirohi A, Saharan MS, Dhillon MK, Singh VK, Bag TK. Chemo-profiling of Purpureocillium lilacinum and Paecilomyces variotii isolates using GC-MS analysis, and evaluation of their metabolites against M. incognita. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297925. [PMID: 38358978 PMCID: PMC10868743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Nematophagous fungi are the best alternatives to chemical nematicides for managing nematodes considering environmental health. In the current study, activity of metabolites from ten isolates of Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom) Luangsa-ard (Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae) and two isolates of Paecilomyces variotii Bainier (Eurotiales: Trichocomaceae), were examined to inhibit the hatching of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) eggs. At 100%, 50%, and 25% concentrations, respectively, the culture filtrate of the isolate P. lilacinum 6887 prevented 97.55%, 90.52%, and 62.97% of egg hatching. Out of all the isolates, Pl 6887, Pl 6553, and Pl 2362 showed the greatest results in the hatching inhibition experiment.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed a variety of nematicidal compounds from different isolates. A total of seven nematicidal compounds, including four very potent nematicidal fatty acids were found in the isolate Pl 6553. Secondary metabolites of the same isolate possess the highest M. incognita juvenile mortality, i.e., 43.33% and 92% after 48 hrs of treatment at 100 and 200 ppm concentrations, respectively. Significant difference was observed in juvenile mortality percentage among the isolate having highest and lowest nematicidal compounds. Nematicidal fatty acids like myristic and lauric acid were found for the first time in P. lilacinum. Multiple vacuole-like droplets were found inside the unhatched eggs inoculated with the culture filtrate of isolate Pl 6887, and also in the juveniles that perished in the ethyl acetate extract of isolate Pl 6553.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Patidar
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Lakshman Prasad
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushma Sagar
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Sirohi
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahender Singh Saharan
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Dhillon
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaibhav Kumar Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Tusar Kanti Bag
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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4
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Pérez-Anzúrez G, Mendoza-de Gives P, Olmedo-Juárez A, López-Arellano ME, Bautista-García GA, Ocampo-Gutiérrez AY, von Son-de Fernex E, Alonso-Díaz MÁ, Delgado-Núñez EJ, Paz-Silva A. First Record of Flavocillium subprimulinum (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) in Mexico: Morphological and Molecular Characterisation, Nematocidal Activity of Its Liquid Culture Filtrates against Haemonchus contortus and Protease Activity. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:56. [PMID: 38248965 PMCID: PMC10817658 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This is the first record of the fungus Flavocillium subprimulinum in Mexico. The isolate was taxonomically characterised and cultured in potato dextrose broth (PDB), Czapek-Dox broth (CzDoxB), and sweet potato dextrose broth (SPDB) to obtain its filtrates (FLCF). The nematocidal activity (NA) of three FLCF concentrations was assessed against Haemonchus contortus L3. Protease activity (PA) was assessed with SDS-PAGE, followed by a zymogram. The NA of the FLCF reached 94.43% in PDB and 95.82% in CzDoxB, respectively, at 100 mg/mL. Lower mortality (64%) was found in SPDB at 100 mg/mL. SDS-PAGE showed bands (in PBS) of ~25, ~40, and ~55 kDa. The zymogram showed protein bands (PBs) with PA in the media, including PBs of ~14, ~40, and ~55 kDa. This study establishes the basis for exploring the potential use of this fungus against H. contortus, which is considered the most pathogenic parasite affecting lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Pérez-Anzúrez
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock-Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, (INIFAP-SADER), Jiutepec 62550, Mexico; (G.P.-A.); (A.O.-J.); (G.A.B.-G.)
- Production Sciences and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Pedro Mendoza-de Gives
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock-Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, (INIFAP-SADER), Jiutepec 62550, Mexico; (G.P.-A.); (A.O.-J.); (G.A.B.-G.)
| | - Agustín Olmedo-Juárez
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock-Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, (INIFAP-SADER), Jiutepec 62550, Mexico; (G.P.-A.); (A.O.-J.); (G.A.B.-G.)
| | - María Eugenia López-Arellano
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock-Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, (INIFAP-SADER), Jiutepec 62550, Mexico; (G.P.-A.); (A.O.-J.); (G.A.B.-G.)
| | - Génesis Andrea Bautista-García
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock-Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, (INIFAP-SADER), Jiutepec 62550, Mexico; (G.P.-A.); (A.O.-J.); (G.A.B.-G.)
| | - Ana Yuridia Ocampo-Gutiérrez
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock-Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, (INIFAP-SADER), Jiutepec 62550, Mexico; (G.P.-A.); (A.O.-J.); (G.A.B.-G.)
| | - Elke von Son-de Fernex
- Tropical Livestock Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Martínez de la Torre 93600, Mexico; (E.v.S.-d.F.); (M.Á.A.-D.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Alonso-Díaz
- Tropical Livestock Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Martínez de la Torre 93600, Mexico; (E.v.S.-d.F.); (M.Á.A.-D.)
| | - Edgar Jesús Delgado-Núñez
- Faculty of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Guerrero, Iguala de la Independencia 40040, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Paz-Silva
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27142 Lugo, Spain;
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5
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Salim AA, Butler MS, Blaskovich MAT, Henderson IR, Capon RJ. Natural products as anthelmintics: safeguarding animal health. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1754-1808. [PMID: 37555325 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Covering literature to December 2022This review provides a comprehensive account of all natural products (500 compounds, including 17 semi-synthetic derivatives) described in the primary literature up to December 2022, reported to be capable of inhibiting the egg hatching, motility, larval development and/or the survival of helminths (i.e., nematodes, flukes and tapeworms). These parasitic worms infect and compromise the health and welfare, productivity and lives of commercial livestock (i.e., sheep, cattle, horses, pigs, poultry and fish), companion animals (i.e., dogs and cats) and other high value, endangered and/or exotic animals. Attention is given to chemical structures, as well as source organisms and anthelmintic properties, including the nature of bioassay target species, in vivo animal hosts, and measures of potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A Salim
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
| | - Mark S Butler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
| | - Robert J Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
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6
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Jaramillo-Tlalapango J, Mendoza-de Gives P, Isabel-Higuera-Piedrahita R, Ocampo-Gutiérrez AY, Eugenia-López-Arellano M, Pérez-Anzúrez G, Olmedo-Juárez A, Hernández-Romano J, Maza-Lopez J, Delgado-Núñez EJ, González-Cortázar M. Study of a Mexican isolate of Arthrobotrys musiformis (Orbiliales): Predatory behavior and nematocidal activity of liquid culture filtrates against Haemonchus contortus (Trichostrongylidae), protein profile and myco-constituent groups. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:1345-1361. [PMID: 37993246 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
A Mexican isolate of the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys musiformis was obtained from a soil sample from the Chapultepec ecological reserve zone, in Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. This isolate demonstrated an important predatory activity (74.9%) against the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus (L3) and its fungal liquid culture filtrates (LCF) grown in two media showed the following highest nematocidal activities (NA): In Czapek-DoxBroth (CzDoxB) 80.66% and potato-dextrose broth (PDB) 49.84%. Additionally, two major compounds derived from carboxylic acids and two derivates from alkane group were identified by GC-MS. These compounds have been associated to many biological activities. On the other hand, the protein profile analysis by SDS-electrophoresis followed by a zymogram revealed a 10 kDa protein with protease activity. This study provides important information for future experiments focused to explore the potential use of this protein as well as the identified bioactive compounds presents in the LCF as potential candidates against sheep haemonchosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Jaramillo-Tlalapango
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Morelos, Jiutepec CP 62550, Mexico; Department of Research, Polytechnic University of Morelos State (UPEMOR), Boulevard Paseo Cuauhnáhuac No. 566, Colonia Lomas del Texcal, 62550 Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Pedro Mendoza-de Gives
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Morelos, Jiutepec CP 62550, Mexico.
| | | | - Ana Yuridia Ocampo-Gutiérrez
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Morelos, Jiutepec CP 62550, Mexico; Faculty of Advanced Studies Cuautitlán, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlán 54714, Mexico.
| | - María Eugenia-López-Arellano
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Morelos, Jiutepec CP 62550, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Pérez-Anzúrez
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Morelos, Jiutepec CP 62550, Mexico
| | - Agustín Olmedo-Juárez
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Morelos, Jiutepec CP 62550, Mexico
| | - Jesús Hernández-Romano
- Department of Research, Polytechnic University of Morelos State (UPEMOR), Boulevard Paseo Cuauhnáhuac No. 566, Colonia Lomas del Texcal, 62550 Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jocelyn Maza-Lopez
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Morelos, Jiutepec CP 62550, Mexico
| | - Edgar Jesús Delgado-Núñez
- Faculty of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Guerrero, Iguala de la Independencia 40040, Mexico
| | - Manasés González-Cortázar
- South Biochemical Research Center, Social Security Mexican Institute (CIBIS-IMSS), Argentina street No. 1, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico
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7
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Mendoza-de Gives P, López-Arellano ME, Olmedo-Juárez A, Higuera-Pierdrahita RI, von Son-de Fernex E. Recent Advances in the Control of Endoparasites in Ruminants from a Sustainable Perspective. Pathogens 2023; 12:1121. [PMID: 37764929 PMCID: PMC10535852 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumer awareness of animal welfare and environmental health has led to a plateau level of global consumption putting serious pressure on the livestock industry [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mendoza-de Gives
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-AGRICULTURA, Jiutepec Municipality 62574, Morelos State, Mexico;
| | - María Eugenia López-Arellano
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-AGRICULTURA, Jiutepec Municipality 62574, Morelos State, Mexico;
| | - Agustín Olmedo-Juárez
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-AGRICULTURA, Jiutepec Municipality 62574, Morelos State, Mexico;
| | - Rosa Isabel Higuera-Pierdrahita
- Faculty of High Studies-Cuautitlán (FES-Cuautitlán), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Cuautitlán Municipality 54714, State of Mexico, Mexico;
| | - Elke von Son-de Fernex
- Teaching, Research and Extension in Tropical Livestock Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Martínez de la Torre Municipality 93600, State of Veracrúz, Mexico;
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8
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Gu T, Lu H, Liu H, Zhang G, Wang Y. Function discovery of a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-like encoding gene in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1210288. [PMID: 37520361 PMCID: PMC10373296 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1210288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the function of a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-like (NRPS-like) encoding gene AOL_s00188g306 (g306) was investigated to reveal the association between NRPS and nematocidal activity in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. Sequence analysis indicated that the encoded product of g306 is an adenylation domain of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases and extended short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase domain-containing proteins, and displays a wide substrate spectrum. The Δg306 mutants were more sensitive to chemical stressors than the wild type. Disruption of g306 impeded the nematocidal efficiency of A. oligospora. Metabolomics analysis showed that secondary metabolite biosynthesis and lipid metabolism were altered in the mutants. The phenotypic changes in the mutants can be attributed to the down-regulation of various metabolites, including fatty acyls, prenol lipids, steroidsand steroid derivative, and amino acid derivatives, identified in the present study. This study investigated the association between the non-ribosomal polypeptide-encoding gene g306 and nematicidal activity in A. oligospora, providing a reference for resolving the predation mechanism of nematode-trapping fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hengqian Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huiwen Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
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9
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Li GH, Zhang KQ. Natural nematicidal metabolites and advances in their biocontrol capacity on plant parasitic nematodes. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:646-675. [PMID: 36597965 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2010 to 2021Natural nematicidal metabolites are important sources of nematode control. This review covers the isolation and structural determination of nematicidal metabolites from 2010 to 2021. We summarise chemical structures, bioactivity, metabolic regulation and biosynthesis of potential nematocides, and structure-activity relationship and application potentiality of natural metabolites in plant parasitic nematodes' biocontrol. In doing so, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential roles that natural metabolites can play in anti-nematode strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
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10
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Chaetomium globosum KPC3: An Antagonistic Fungus Against the Potato Cyst Nematode, Globodera rostochiensis. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:125. [PMID: 36872375 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) is one of the most economically important pests of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), causing significant economic losses worldwide. The identification of biocontrol agents for the sustainable management of G. rostochiensis is crucial. In this study, a potential biocontrol agent, Chaetomium globosum KPC3, was identified based on sequence analysis of the DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) gene, and the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II (RPB2) gene. The pathogenicity test of C. globosum KPC3 against cysts and second-stage juveniles (J2s) revealed that fungus mycelium fully parasitized the cyst after 72 h of incubation. The fungus was also capable of parasitizing the eggs inside the cysts. The culture filtrate of C. globosum KPC3 caused 98.75% mortality in J2s of G. rostochiensis after 72 h of incubation. The pot experiments showed that the combined application of C. globosum KPC3 as a tuber treatment at a rate of 1 lit kg-1 of tubers and a soil application at a rate of 500 ml kg-1 of farm yard manure (FYM) resulted in significantly lesser reproduction of G. rostochiensis compared to the rest of the treatments. Altogether, C. globosum KPC3 has the potential to be used as a biocontrol agent against G. rostochiensis and can be successfully implemented in integrated pest management programs.
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Pushparaj K, Meyyazhagan A, Bhotla HK, Arumugam VA, Pappuswamy M, Vadivalagan C, Hakeem KR, Balasubramanian B, Liu W, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The crux of bioactive metabolites in endophytic and thermophilic fungi and their proximal prospects in biotechnological and industrial domains. Toxicon 2023; 223:107007. [PMID: 36563862 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.107007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are ubiquitous in distribution and are found in grasses to hot springs. Their mode of nutrition provides sustenance for living and propagation. Ironically, varied fungal species have developed customized strategies for protection and survival by producing diverse secondary metabolites. The review aimed to project the contrasting potential features of the endophytic and thermophilic fungi groups. The metabolites and the enzymes of endophytic and thermophilic fungi served as the backbone to thrive and adapt within-host and in extreme conditions like higher pH, heat, and salinity, respectively. Identification, knowledge of their biochemistry and pathway, exploration, production, and utilization of these bioactive molecules in various commercial, industrial, and pharmaceutical domains were briefly discussed. The uniqueness of endophytes includes stress management and improved biomass production of the host, green fuel production, omnipresence, selected triple-symbiosis with the virus, synthesis of polyketides, and other active metabolites are widely used in biomedical applications and agriculture management. This review attempted to limelight the specific applications of thermophilic fungal metabolites and the roles of thermo-stable enzymes in bioprospecting. Moreover, probing the metabolites of thermophiles rendered novel antibiotic compounds, which were proven effective against multi-drug resistant bacteria and harboured the potential to curtail infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Pushparaj
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arun Meyyazhagan
- Department of Life Science, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560076, India
| | - Haripriya Kuchi Bhotla
- Department of Life Science, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560076, India
| | - Vijaya Anand Arumugam
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikantan Pappuswamy
- Department of Life Science, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560076, India
| | | | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Wenchao Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China.
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. WacławDąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka St., 02-532, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
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Bhat AA, Shakeel A, Waqar S, Handoo ZA, Khan AA. Microbes vs. Nematodes: Insights into Biocontrol through Antagonistic Organisms to Control Root-Knot Nematodes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:451. [PMID: 36771535 PMCID: PMC9919851 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are sedentary endoparasites that cause severe economic losses to agricultural crops globally. Due to the regulations of the European Union on the application of nematicides, it is crucial now to discover eco-friendly control strategies for nematode management. Biocontrol is one such safe and reliable method for managing these polyphagous nematodes. Biocontrol agents not only control these parasitic nematodes but also improve plant growth and induce systemic resistance in plants against a variety of biotic stresses. A wide range of organisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoans live in their natural mode as nematode antagonists. Various review articles have discussed the role of biocontrol in nematode management in general, but a specific review on biocontrol of root-knot nematodes is not available in detail. This review, therefore, focuses on the biocontrol of root-knot nematodes by discussing their important known antagonists, modes of action, and interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Ameen Bhat
- Section of Environmental Botany and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Adnan Shakeel
- Section of Environmental Botany and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sonia Waqar
- Section of Environmental Botany and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Zafar Ahmad Handoo
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Abrar Ahmed Khan
- Section of Environmental Botany and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Zhong YJ, Cao F, Hu LS, Xu CX, Zhu YA, Chen X, Mao XM. Complex Interplay and Catalytic Versatility of Tailoring Enzymes for Efficient and Selective Biosynthesis of Fungal Mycotoxins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:311-319. [PMID: 36571252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins have substantial impacts on agricultural production and food preservation. Some have high similarities in bioactivity but subtle differences on structures from various fungal producers. Understanding of their complex cross-biosynthesis will provide new insights into enzyme functions and food safety. Here, based on structurally related mycotoxins, such as aurovertins, asteltoxin, and citreoviridin, we showed that methyltransferase (MT)-catalyzed methylation is required for efficient oxidation and polyketide stability. MTs have broad interactions with polyketide synthases and flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs), while MT AstB is required for FMO AstC functionality in vivo. FMOs have common catalysis on pyrone-polyene intermediates but different catalytic specificity and efficiency on oxidative intermediates for the selective production of more toxic and complex mycotoxins. Thus, the subtle protein interaction and elaborate versatile catalysis of biosynthetic enzymes contribute to the efficient and selective biosynthesis of these structure-related mycotoxins and provide the basis to re-evaluate and control mycotoxins for agricultural and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jun Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Long-Shuang Hu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chu-Xuan Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan-An Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Taizhou Hospital, 150# Ximen Street, Linhai 317099, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuepeng Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xu-Ming Mao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Hangzhou 310058, China
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The Fight against Plant-Parasitic Nematodes: Current Status of Bacterial and Fungal Biocontrol Agents. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101178. [PMID: 36297235 PMCID: PMC9606992 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are among the most notorious and underrated threats to food security and plant health worldwide, compromising crop yields and causing billions of dollars of losses annually. Chemical control strategies rely heavily on synthetic chemical nematicides to reduce PPN population densities, but their use is being progressively restricted due to environmental and human health concerns, so alternative control methods are urgently needed. Here, we review the potential of bacterial and fungal agents to suppress the most important PPNs, namely Aphelenchoides besseyi, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Globodera spp., Heterodera spp., Meloidogyne spp., Nacobbus aberrans, Pratylenchus spp., Radopholus similis, Rotylenchulus reniformis, and Xiphinema index.
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Churikova AK, Nekoval SN. Biological agents and their metabolites to control <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. when growing vegetables (review). SOUTH OF RUSSIA: ECOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-175-186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aim. Analysis of modern studies on the effectiveness of fungi and antagonist bacteria against Meloidogyne root‐knot nematodes on vegetable crops.Materials and Methods. Studies of Russian and foreign scientists on the use of biological agents and their metabolites to control Meloidogyne spp. when growing vegetables have been carefully analysed.Results. The harmfulness of gall nematodes on vegetable crops is described. Studies on the most pathogenic species of Meloidogyne, including those common in Russia, are summarised. Information is given regarding features of the relationship between the host plant and phytoparasites are highlighted. An analysis of the range of chemical and biological nematicides is presented. The problem of the lack of effective environmentally friendly products able to control root‐knot nematodes on vegetables, including the prospect of using biological agents, has been identified. The features of ongoing research on the study of the nematicidal activity of biological agents and their metabolites to control various stages of development of Meloidogyne species have been collected, analysed, systematised and described. The prospect of studying the mechanisms of action of microorganisms against root‐knot nematodes is substantiated in order to create new effective biological nematicides that allow the growth of high‐quality and healthy vegetable products.Conclusion. Gall nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) remain a current pest of soil‐grown vegetables. Scientists are actively working on the study of nematophagous fungi and antagonist bacteria to create environmentally friendly biological nematicides. With proper use, biological agents and their metabolites can help protect plants from phytoparasites at the level of chemical nematicides and have an additional beneficial effect on the growth and development of vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. N. Nekoval
- Federal Research Center of Biological Plant Protection
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Pérez-Anzúrez G, Olmedo-Juárez A, von-Son de Fernex E, Alonso-Díaz MÁ, Delgado-Núñez EJ, López-Arellano ME, González-Cortázar M, Zamilpa A, Ocampo-Gutierrez AY, Paz-Silva A, Mendoza-de Gives P. Arthrobotrys musiformis (Orbiliales) Kills Haemonchus contortus Infective Larvae (Trichostronylidae) through Its Predatory Activity and Its Fungal Culture Filtrates. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101068. [PMID: 36297125 PMCID: PMC9609027 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus (Hc) is a parasite affecting small ruminants worldwide. Arthrobotrys musiformis (Am) is a nematode-trapping fungi that captures, destroys and feeds on nematodes. This study assessed the predatory activity (PA) and nematocidal activity (NA) of liquid culture filtrates (LCF) of Am against Hc infective larvae (L3), and additionally, the mycochemical profile (MP) was performed. Fungal identification was achieved by traditional and molecular procedures. The PA of Am against HcL3 was performed in water agar plates. Means of non-predated larvae were recorded and compared with a control group without fungi. LCF/HcL3 interaction was performed using micro-tittering plates. Two media, Czapek−Dox broth (CDB) and sweet potato dextrose broth (SPDB) and three concentrations, were assessed. Lectures were performed after 48 h interaction. The means of alive and dead larvae were recorded and compared with proper negative controls. The PA assessment revealed 71.54% larval reduction (p < 0.01). The highest NA of LCF was found in CDB: 93.42, 73.02 and 51.61%, at 100, 50 and 25 mg/mL, respectively (p < 0.05). Alkaloids and saponins were identified in both media; meanwhile, coumarins were only identified in CDB. The NA was only found in CDB, but not in SPDB. Coumarins could be responsible for the NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Pérez-Anzúrez
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Morelos, Jiutepec CP 62550, Mexico
- Production Sciences and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacán CP 04510, Mexico
| | - Agustín Olmedo-Juárez
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Morelos, Jiutepec CP 62550, Mexico
| | - Elke von-Son de Fernex
- Tropical Livestock Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Martínez de la Torre CP 93600, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Alonso-Díaz
- Tropical Livestock Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Martínez de la Torre CP 93600, Mexico
| | - Edgar Jesús Delgado-Núñez
- Faculty of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Guerrero, Iguala de la Independencia CP 40040, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia López-Arellano
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Morelos, Jiutepec CP 62550, Mexico
| | - Manasés González-Cortázar
- South Biomedical Research Center, Social Security Mexican Institute (CIBIS-IMSS), Xochitepec CP 62790, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- South Biomedical Research Center, Social Security Mexican Institute (CIBIS-IMSS), Xochitepec CP 62790, Mexico
| | - Ana Yuridia Ocampo-Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Morelos, Jiutepec CP 62550, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Paz-Silva
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27142 Lugo, Spain
| | - Pedro Mendoza-de Gives
- Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Morelos, Jiutepec CP 62550, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-777319-28-50
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Sosa AL, Girardi NS, Rosso LC, Etcheverry MG, Passone MA. In vitro compatibility of Brassicaceae extracts with nematophagous fungi and their effects against Nacobbus celatus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:138. [PMID: 35701691 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nacobbus celatus sp. n. is one of the main root-knot nematodes in the field destined for horticultural production of the central region of Argentine due to its ability to infect several host plants. The lack of new and safe active ingredients against this nematode has restricted control alternatives for growers. Egg-parasitic fungi and biofumigation with brassicaceae have been considered as potential candidates for the development of bionematicides. Nematicidal effects of Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli) and Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage) aqueous extracts (AEs) against second-stage juveniles (J2) of N. celatus were evaluated in vitro. Fisher LSD tests evidenced significant nematicidal (α = 0.05) effects of the two AEs tested, with LD100 of 250 and 500 μL mL-1 for broccoli and cabbage, respectively. Compatibility assays between AEs and five nematophagous fungi were performed on soil extract medium conditioned at 0.99 water activity and incubated at 30, 25 and 20 °C. Purpureocillium lilacinum SR14 was the fungal strain that showed compatibility at levels of spore viability, growth rate and conidia productions at LD50 (125 μL mL-1) and LD25 (60 μL mL-1) of broccoli aqueous extract (BAE) and enhanced the nematophagous effect. Moreover, phytotoxic studies revealed that 125 μL mL-1 of BAE applied at the transplantation time could be safely used without affecting tomato culture. In conclusion, the integrated application of BAE with P. lilacinum SR14, which combines two action mechanisms, represents a promising integrated strategy to management phytoparasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Sosa
- CONICET - Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta Nac. 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto, Argentina.
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N°36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Natalia Soledad Girardi
- CONICET - Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta Nac. 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Laura Cristina Rosso
- CNR - Istituto Per La Protezione Sostenibile Delle Piante, Sede Di Bari, Via G. Amendola, 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Miriam Graciela Etcheverry
- CONICET - Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta Nac. 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra Passone
- CONICET - Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta Nac. 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto, Argentina
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Gives PMD, Rodríguez-Labastida M, Olmedo-Juárez A, Gamboa-Angulo MM, Reyes-Estebanez M. A Nematode Crude Extract Acts as an Elicitor of the Nematocidal Activity of Nematophagous Fungi Liquid Culture Filtrates Against Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae). Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:678-686. [PMID: 35013941 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was designed to investigate if culturing nematophagous fungi (NF) in the presence of a Haemonchus contortus larva crude extract (HcCE) enhances the nematocidal activity of nematophagous fungi liquid culture filtrates (NFCF). MATERIALS AND METHODS Four NF Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. musiformis, Duddingtonia flagrans and Clonostachys rosea were cultured in flasks (n = 5) containing Czapek-Dox broth medium (CDB) in the presence or absence of HcCE. NFCF recovered by filtration of each fungus (200 mg/mL) were assessed on H. contortus infective larvae (L3) using 96-well micro-titer plates (n = 4). Additionally, CDB and water were considered negative controls, while Ivermectin acted as a positive control. After 48 h confrontation, ten 10-μL aliquots of each well were deposited on slides and observed under the microscope (40 ×). Dead and alive larvae in the aliquots were quantified, and a mortality rate (MR) was estimated. RESULTS The MR of the different NFCF was greatly enhanced by the presence of HcCE. The four NF incubated in the absence of HcCE showed low mortality percentages from 8.2 to 25.8%; in contrast, when the assessed NF growth in the presence of HcCE showed a lethal activity ranging from 66.8 to 80.5%. Only C. rosea showed a moderate increase in the presence of the elicitor (42.7%). CONCLUSION This study shows evidence about the HcCE enhances the production of nematocidal activity in NFCF. Future studies should be performed to elucidate the compounds responsible of the nematocidal activity that could have important implications in the control of sheep haemonchosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mendoza-de Gives
- Unidad de Investigación en Helmintología, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Boulevar Paseo Cuauhnahuac No. 8534, Col. Progreso, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Marilem Rodríguez-Labastida
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Agustín Olmedo-Juárez
- Unidad de Investigación en Helmintología, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Boulevar Paseo Cuauhnahuac No. 8534, Col. Progreso, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - María Marcela Gamboa-Angulo
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Manuela Reyes-Estebanez
- Departamento de Microbiología Ambiental y Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Agustín Melgar S/N Entre Calle 20 y Juan de la Barrera, Col. Buenavista, 24039, San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico.
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Al-Ani LKT, Soares FEDF, Sharma A, de los Santos-Villalobos S, Valdivia-Padilla AV, Aguilar-Marcelino L. Strategy of Nematophagous Fungi in Determining the Activity of Plant Parasitic Nematodes and Their Prospective Role in Sustainable Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:863198. [PMID: 37746161 PMCID: PMC10512347 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.863198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we supply a framework for the importance of nematophagous fungi (nematophagous fungi [NF]) and their role in agricultural ecosystems. We characterize the taxonomy, diversity, ecology, and type of NF, depending on their interaction with plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs). We described potential mechanisms of NF in the control of PPNs, the efficiency and methods of utilization, and the use of nematicides in sustainable agriculture. We explain the utilization of NF in nanotechnology as a new approach. NF are significant in the soil for having the effective potential for use in sustainable agriculture. These types of fungi belong to wide taxa groups, such as Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and other groups. Diverse NF are available in different kinds of soil, especially in soils that contain high densities of nematodes. There is a relationship between the environment of nematodes and NF. NF can be divided into two types according to the mechanisms that affect nematodes. These types are divided into direct or indirect effects. The direct effects include the following: ectoparasites, endoparasites, cyst, or egg parasites producing toxins, and attack tools as special devices. However, the indirect effect comprises two groups: paralyzing toxins and the effect on the life cycle of nematodes. We explained the molecular mechanisms for determining the suitable conditions in brief and clarified the potential for increasing the efficacy of NF to highly impact sustainable agriculture in two ways: directly and indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Khalil Tawfeeq Al-Ani
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- School of Biology Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | | | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Queretaro, Mexico
| | | | | | - Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP, Jiutepec, Mexico
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Sharaf MH, Abdelaziz AM, Kalaba MH, Radwan AA, Hashem AH. Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activities and Phytochemical Analysis of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Ocimum Basilicum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022. [PMID: 34661866 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03702-w/figures/6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Fungal endophytes are living inside plants without any harmful effects; the prospecting about them is increased day by day because they can produce bioactive compounds which can be used in different applications. Herein, the current study was aimed to isolate the endophytic fungi from the Ocimum basilicum plant as safe microorganisms and evaluate their biological activities. The results illustrated that three endophytic fungal strains were isolated and identified morphologically and genetically as Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus flavus and deposited in gene bank under accession numbers MZ045561, MZ045562, and MZ045563 respectively. Moreover, cell-free filtrates of endophytic fungal strains were extracted using ethyl acetate, where these crude extracts exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Candida albicans at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL. Furthermore, these endophytic strains exhibited a potential antioxidant activity where IC50 of the crude extract of A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, and A. flavus were (166.3, 68.4, and 347.1 µg/mL) and (151.2, 77.9, and 246.3 µg/mL) using DPPH and ABTS methods, respectively. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate crude extracts of these endophytic fungi did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect against Vero and Wi 38 normal cells. GC-MS analysis of the crude extract of A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, and A. flavus indicated the presence of 22, 22, and 20 active compounds, respectively. The major compounds in the fungal extracts are belonging to fatty acids, fatty acid esters, tetrahydrofurans, and sterols. In conclusion, the isolated endophytic A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, and A. flavus from Ocimum basilicum are promising sources for bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Sharaf
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Amer M Abdelaziz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Kalaba
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Radwan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Amr H Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
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Sharaf MH, Abdelaziz AM, Kalaba MH, Radwan AA, Hashem AH. Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activities and Phytochemical Analysis of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Ocimum Basilicum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:1271-1289. [PMID: 34661866 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fungal endophytes are living inside plants without any harmful effects; the prospecting about them is increased day by day because they can produce bioactive compounds which can be used in different applications. Herein, the current study was aimed to isolate the endophytic fungi from the Ocimum basilicum plant as safe microorganisms and evaluate their biological activities. The results illustrated that three endophytic fungal strains were isolated and identified morphologically and genetically as Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus flavus and deposited in gene bank under accession numbers MZ045561, MZ045562, and MZ045563 respectively. Moreover, cell-free filtrates of endophytic fungal strains were extracted using ethyl acetate, where these crude extracts exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Candida albicans at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL. Furthermore, these endophytic strains exhibited a potential antioxidant activity where IC50 of the crude extract of A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, and A. flavus were (166.3, 68.4, and 347.1 µg/mL) and (151.2, 77.9, and 246.3 µg/mL) using DPPH and ABTS methods, respectively. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate crude extracts of these endophytic fungi did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect against Vero and Wi 38 normal cells. GC-MS analysis of the crude extract of A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, and A. flavus indicated the presence of 22, 22, and 20 active compounds, respectively. The major compounds in the fungal extracts are belonging to fatty acids, fatty acid esters, tetrahydrofurans, and sterols. In conclusion, the isolated endophytic A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, and A. flavus from Ocimum basilicum are promising sources for bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Sharaf
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Amer M Abdelaziz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Kalaba
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Radwan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Amr H Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
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“Spazio Huntington”: Tracing the Early Motor, Cognitive and Behavioral Profiles of Kids with Proven Pediatric Huntington Disease and Expanded Mutations > 80 CAG Repeats. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12010120. [PMID: 35055435 PMCID: PMC8778418 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The “Spazio Huntington—A Place for Children” program was launched in 2019. The aim was to contact at risk kids within Huntington disease (HD) families, to provide counseling to their parents and to start a prospective follow-up of kids suspicious to manifest pediatric HD (PHD). We met 25 at risk kids in two years, four of whom with PHD and highly expanded (HE) mutations beyond 80 CAG repeats. We rated motor, neuropsychological and behavioral changes in all PHD kids by the Unified HD Rating Scale (UHDRS)-total motor score (TMS) and additional measures of (1) cognitive level (Leiter International Performance Scale), (2) adaptive functioning (Adaptive Behavior Assessment Systems), (3) receptive language (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test) and (4) behavioral abnormalities (Child Behavior Check List and Children’s Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale). All PHD kids showed a severe progression of neurological and psychiatric manifestations including motor, cognitive and behavioral changes. The magnetic resonance imaging contributed to confirm the suspicious clinical observation by highlighting very initial striatum abnormalities in PHD. Spazio Huntington is a program to prospectively study PHD, the most atypical face of HD, and may represent the basis to recruit PHD patients in future clinical trials.
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Moo-Koh FA, Cristóbal-Alejo J, Andrés MF, Martín J, Reyes F, Tun-Suárez JM, Gamboa-Angulo M. In Vitro Assessment of Organic and Residual Fractions of Nematicidal Culture Filtrates from Thirteen Tropical Trichoderma Strains and Metabolic Profiles of Most-Active. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8010082. [PMID: 35050022 PMCID: PMC8779102 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The nematicidal properties of Trichoderma species have potential for developing safer biocontrol agents. In the present study, 13 native Trichoderma strains from T. citrinoviride, T. ghanense (2 strains), T. harzianum (4), T. koningiopsis, T. simmonsii, and T. virens (4) with nematicidal activity were selected and cultured in potato dextrose broth to obtain a culture filtrate (CF) for each. Each CF was partitioned with ethyl acetate to obtain organic (EA) and residual filtrate (RF) fractions, which were then tested on second-stage juveniles (J2s) of the nematodes Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita in a microdilution assay. The most lethal strains were T. harzianum Th43-14, T. koningiopsis Th41-11, T. ghanense Th02-04, and T. virens Th32-09, which caused 51–100% mortality (%M) of J2s of both nematodes, mainly due to their RF fractions. Liquid chromatography–diode array detector-electrospray-high resolution mass spectrometry analysis of the most-active fractions revealed sesquiterpene and polyketide-like metabolites produced by the four active strains. These native Trichoderma strains have a high potential to develop safer natural products for the biocontrol of Meloidogyne species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Amalia Moo-Koh
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C. Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Mexico;
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Conkal, Avenida Tecnológico s/n, Conkal 97345, Mexico;
| | - Jairo Cristóbal-Alejo
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Conkal, Avenida Tecnológico s/n, Conkal 97345, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.C.-A.); (M.G.-A.); Tel.: +52-99-9942-8330 (M.G.-A.)
| | - María Fé Andrés
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, Serrano 115-dpdo, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jesús Martín
- Fundación MEDINA, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.M.); (F.R.)
| | | | - Jose María Tun-Suárez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Conkal, Avenida Tecnológico s/n, Conkal 97345, Mexico;
| | - Marcela Gamboa-Angulo
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C. Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.C.-A.); (M.G.-A.); Tel.: +52-99-9942-8330 (M.G.-A.)
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Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals That Rho GTPases Regulate Trap Development and Lifestyle Transition of the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0175921. [PMID: 35019695 PMCID: PMC8754127 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01759-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nematode-trapping (NT) fungi can form unique infection structures (traps) to capture and kill free-living nematodes and, thus, can play a potential role in the biocontrol of nematodes. Arthrobotrys oligospora is a representative species of NT fungi. Here, we performed a time course transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of transcriptomes to understand the global gene expression levels of A. oligospora during trap formation and predation. We identified 5,752 unique differentially expressed genes, among which the rac gene was significantly upregulated. Alternative splicing events occurred in 2,012 genes, including the rac and rho2 gene. Furthermore, we characterized three Rho GTPases (Rho2, Rac, and Cdc42) in A. oligospora using gene disruption and multiphenotypic analysis. Our analyses showed that AoRac and AoCdc42 play an important role in mycelium growth, lipid accumulation, DNA damage, sporulation, trap formation, pathogenicity, and stress response in A. oligospora. AoCdc42 and AoRac specifically interacted with components of the Nox complex, thus regulating the production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, the transcript levels of several genes associated with protein kinase A, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and p21-activated kinase were also altered in the mutants, suggesting that Rho GTPases might function upstream from these kinases. This study highlights the important role of Rho GTPases in A. oligospora and provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms of signaling pathways in the trap morphogenesis and lifestyle transition of NT fungi. IMPORTANCE Nematode-trapping (NT) fungi are widely distributed in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Their broad adaptability and flexible lifestyles make them ideal agents for controlling pathogenic nematodes. Arthrobotrys oligospora is a model species employed for understanding the interaction between fungi and nematodes. Here, we revealed that alternative splicing events play a crucial role in the trap development and lifestyle transition in A. oligospora. Furthermore, Rho GTPases exert differential effects on the growth, development, and pathogenicity of A. oligospora. In particular, AoRac is required for sporulation and trap morphogenesis. In addition, our analysis showed that Rho GTPases regulate the production of reactive oxygen species and function upstream from several kinases. Collectively, these results expand our understanding of gene expression and alternative splicing events in A. oligospora and the important roles of Rho GTPases in NT fungi, thereby providing a foundation for exploring their potential application in the biocontrol of pathogenic nematodes.
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Fungi: Essential Elements in the Ecosystems. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89664-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Antagonistic Fungi Against Plant Pathogens for Sustainable Agriculture. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8877-5_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kassam R, Yadav J, Chawla G, Kundu A, Hada A, Jaiswal N, Bollinedi H, Kamil D, Devi P, Rao U. Identification, Characterization, and Evaluation of Nematophagous Fungal Species of Arthrobotrys and Tolypocladium for the Management of Meloidogyne incognita. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:790223. [PMID: 34956156 PMCID: PMC8702965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.790223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes belonging to the genus Meloidogyne are agriculturally important pests, and biocontrol strategies offer safer alternatives for their management. In the present study, two fungal species from Indian soils were identified as Arthrobotrys thaumasia and Tolypocladium cylindrosporum based on morphological characteristics and further confirmed using molecular markers. In vitro evaluation of A. thaumasia against M. incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans showed 82 and 73% parasitism, respectively, whereas T. cylindrosporum gave 65.2 and 57.7% parasitism, respectively. Similarly, culture filtrates of A. thaumasia caused 57.7 and 53.7% mortality of M. incognita and C. elegans, respectively, whereas T. cylindrosporum caused higher mortality of 87.3 and 64%, respectively. Besides, greenhouse evaluation of both fungi against M. incognita infecting tomato significantly reduced nematode disease burden reflecting parasitic success measured as the total number of galls, egg masses, eggs per egg mass, and derived nematode multiplication factor. Application of A. thaumasia and T. cylindrosporum reduced nematode multiplication factor by 80 and 95%, respectively, compared with control. General metabolite profiling of tested fungi using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry reported for the first time here showed presence of various volatile and non-volatile compounds with nematicidal activity, viz., trimethyl-heptadiene, methyl-hexadecanol, dodecadienal, decane, terpendole E, dodecane, acetamido-6-anthraquinone, and hexadecanol. Also, other compounds such as undecane, dibutyl-disulfide, octadecenal, paganin, talathermophilin, dactylarin, tolypyridone A, tolypyridone B, pyridoxatin, and destruxin were identified, reported in the literature to possess antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal properties. This is the first report of the occurrence of both fungi from India and pioneer demonstration of T. cylindrosporum for root-knot nematode management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Kassam
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Yadav
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Gautam Chawla
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Kundu
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Alkesh Hada
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nisha Jaiswal
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Haritha Bollinedi
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Deeba Kamil
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Prameela Devi
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Rao
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Uma Rao, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-1233-2921
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Mei X, Wang X, Li G. Pathogenicity and Volatile Nematicidal Metabolites from Duddingtonia flagrans against Meloidogyne incognita. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112268. [PMID: 34835396 PMCID: PMC8624258 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes, especially parasitic root-knot nematodes, are one of the most destructive plant pathogens worldwide. The control of plant root-knot nematodes is extremely challenging. Duddingtonia flagrans is a type of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF), which produces three-dimensional adhesive networks to trap nematodes. In this study, the pathogenicity and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the NTF D. flagrans against the plant root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, were investigated. The predatory process of D. flagrans trapping M. incognita was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the VOCs from D. flagrans led to the identification of 52 metabolites, of which 11 main compounds were tested individually for their activity against M. incognita. Three compounds, cyclohexanamine, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexanol, were toxic to M. incognita. Furthermore, these three VOCs inhibited egg hatching of M. incognita. Cyclohexanamine showed the highest nematicidal activity, which can cause 97.93% mortality of M. incognita at 8.71 µM within 12 h. The number of hatched juveniles per egg mass after 3 days was just 8.44 when treated with 26.14 µM cyclohexanamine. This study is the first to demonstrate the nematicidal activity of VOCs produced by D. flagrans against M. incognita, which indicates that D. flagrans has the potential to biocontrol plant root-knot nematodes.
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Luteapyrone, a Novel ƴ-Pyrone Isolated from the Filamentous Fungus Metapochonia lutea. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216589. [PMID: 34770997 PMCID: PMC8588484 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of screening for new bioactive microbial metabolites we found a novel ƴ-pyrone derivative for which we propose the trivial name luteapyrone, in a recently described microscopic filamentous fungus, Metapochonia lutea BiMM-F96/DF4. The compound was isolated from the culture extract of the fungus grown on modified yeast extract sucrose medium by means of flash chromatography followed by preparative HPLC. The chemical structure was elucidated by NMR and LC-MS. The new compound was found to be non-cytotoxic against three mammalian cell lines (HEK 263, KB-3.1 and Caco-2). Similarly, no antimicrobial activity was observed in tested microorganisms (gram positive and negative bacteria, yeast and fungi).
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Yan Y, Xiang B, Xie Q, Lin Y, Shen G, Hao X, Zhu X. A Putative C 2H 2 Transcription Factor CgTF6, Controlled by CgTF1, Negatively Regulates Chaetoglobosin A Biosynthesis in Chaetomium globosum. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:756104. [PMID: 37744158 PMCID: PMC10512409 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.756104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Gα signaling pathway as well as the global regulator LaeA were demonstrated to positively regulate the biosynthesis of chaetoglobosin A (ChA), a promising biotic pesticide produced by Chaetomium globosum. Recently, the regulatory function of Zn2Cys6 binuclear finger transcription factor CgcheR that lies within the ChA biosynthesis gene cluster has been confirmed. However, CgcheR was not merely a pathway specific regulator. In this study, we showed that the homologs gene of CgcheR (designated as Cgtf1) regulate ChA biosynthesis and sporulation in C. globosum NK102. More importantly, RNA-seq profiling demonstrated that 1,388 genes were significant differentially expressed as Cgtf1 deleted. Among them, a putative C2H2 transcription factor, named Cgtf6, showed the highest gene expression variation in zinc-binding proteins encoding genes as Cgtf1 deleted. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that expression of Cgtf6 was significantly reduced in CgTF1 null mutants. Whereas, deletion of Cgtf6 resulted in the transcriptional activation and consequent increase in the expression of ChA biosynthesis gene cluster and ChA production in C. globosum. These data suggested that CgTF6 probably acted as an end product feedback effector, and interacted with CgTF1 to maintain a tolerable concentration of ChA for cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Biyun Xiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaohong Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Xiamen No. 1 High School of Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Yamin Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Senior High School Group, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangya Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoran Hao
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstrating Center, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Flores Francisco BG, Ponce IM, Plascencia Espinosa MÁ, Mendieta Moctezuma A, López Y López VE. Advances in the biological control of phytoparasitic nematodes via the use of nematophagous fungi. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:180. [PMID: 34562178 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural production is one of most important activities for food supply and demand, that provides a source of raw materials, and generates commercial opportunities for other industries around the world. It may be both positively and negatively affected by climatic and biological factors. Negative biological factors are those caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites. Given the serious problems posed by phytoparasitic nematodes for farmers, causing crop losses globally every year, the agrochemical industry has developed compounds with the capacity to inhibit their development; however, they can cause the death of other beneficial organisms and their lixiviation can contaminate the water table. On the other hand, the positive biological factors are found in biotechnology, the scientific discipline that develops products, such as nematophagous fungi (of which Purpureocillium lilacinum and Pochonia chlamydosporia have the greatest potential), for the control of pests and/or diseases. The present review focuses on the importance of nematophagous fungi, particularly sedentary endoparasitic nematodes, their research on the development of biological control agents, the mass production of fungi Purpureocillium lilacinum and Pochonia chlamydosporia, and their limited commercialization due to the lack of rigorous methods that enable the anticipation of complex interactions between plant and phytopathogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Guadalupe Flores Francisco
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Laboratorio de Bioprocesos, Carretera Estatal Sta. Inés Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla, 90700, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Isabel Méndez Ponce
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Laboratorio de Bioprocesos, Carretera Estatal Sta. Inés Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla, 90700, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Plascencia Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Laboratorio de Bioprocesos, Carretera Estatal Sta. Inés Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla, 90700, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Aarón Mendieta Moctezuma
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Laboratorio de Bioprocesos, Carretera Estatal Sta. Inés Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla, 90700, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Víctor Eric López Y López
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Laboratorio de Bioprocesos, Carretera Estatal Sta. Inés Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla, 90700, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
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Bacterial endosymbionts protect beneficial soil fungus from nematode attack. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2110669118. [PMID: 34504005 PMCID: PMC8449335 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110669118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil is a complex and competitive environment, forcing its inhabitants to develop strategies against competitors, predators, and pathogens. Identifying and understanding the molecular mechanisms has translational value for medicine, ecology, and agriculture. In this study, we show that a member of important soil-dwelling fungi (Mortierella) forms a tight alliance with toxin-producing bacteria (Mycoavidus) that live within the fungal hyphae and protect their host from nematode attack. This discovery is relevant since Mortierella species correlate with healthy soils and are used as plant growth–promoting fungi in agriculture. Unraveling an ecological role for fungal endosymbionts in Mortierella, our results contribute to the understanding of a mainspring in fungal–endobacterial symbioses and open the possibility for the development of new biocontrol agents. Fungi of the genus Mortierella occur ubiquitously in soils where they play pivotal roles in carbon cycling, xenobiont degradation, and promoting plant growth. These important fungi are, however, threatened by micropredators such as fungivorous nematodes, and yet little is known about their protective tactics. We report that Mortierella verticillata NRRL 6337 harbors a bacterial endosymbiont that efficiently shields its host from nematode attacks with anthelmintic metabolites. Microscopic investigation and 16S ribosomal DNA analysis revealed that a previously overlooked bacterial symbiont belonging to the genus Mycoavidus dwells in M. verticillata hyphae. Metabolic profiling of the wild-type fungus and a symbiont-free strain obtained by antibiotic treatment as well as genome analyses revealed that highly cytotoxic macrolactones (CJ-12,950 and CJ-13,357, syn. necroxime C and D), initially thought to be metabolites of the soil-inhabiting fungus, are actually biosynthesized by the endosymbiont. According to comparative genomics, the symbiont belongs to a new species (Candidatus Mycoavidus necroximicus) with 12% of its 2.2 Mb genome dedicated to natural product biosynthesis, including the modular polyketide-nonribosomal peptide synthetase for necroxime assembly. Using Caenorhabditis elegans and the fungivorous nematode Aphelenchus avenae as test strains, we show that necroximes exert highly potent anthelmintic activities. Effective host protection was demonstrated in cocultures of nematodes with symbiotic and chemically complemented aposymbiotic fungal strains. Image analysis and mathematical quantification of nematode movement enabled evaluation of the potency. Our work describes a relevant role for endofungal bacteria in protecting fungi against mycophagous nematodes.
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Seong J, Shin J, Kim K, Cho BK. Microbial production of nematicidal agents for controlling plant-parasitic nematodes. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Biocontrol Effects of Paecilomyces variotii against Fungal Plant Diseases. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7060415. [PMID: 34073454 PMCID: PMC8228970 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Paecilomyces is known for its potential application in the control of pests and diseases; however, its use in agriculture is limited to few species. Research interest in new formulations based on microorganisms for the control of pathogens is growing exponentially; therefore, it is necessary to study new isolates, which may help control diseases effectively, and to examine their compatibility with established agricultural control methods. We analysed in vitro and in vivo the antagonistic capacity of Paecilomyces variotii against seven phytopathogens with a high incidence in different crops, and we examined its compatibility with 24 commercial fungicides. P. variotii was applied in the following pathosystems: B. cinereal—melon, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum—pepper, R. solani—tomato, F. solani—zucchini, P. aphanidermatum—melon, M. melonis—melon, and P. xanthii—zucchini. The results showed strong control effects on M. melonis and P. xanthii, reducing the disease severity index by 78% and 76%, respectively. The reduction in disease severity in the other pathosystems ranged from 29% to 44%. However, application of metabolites alone did not cause any significant effect on mycelial growth of phytopathogens, apart from F. solani, in which up to 12% inhibition was observed in vitro when the extract was applied at a concentration of 15% in the medium. P. variotii was compatible with most of the tested fungicides, and of the 24 fungicides tested at the maximum authorised dose, 6 acted as fungicides, 4 as fungistatics, and the remaining showed inhibition rates ranging from 18.2% to 95.8%. These results indicate that P. variotii is a potential biological control agent to be used against several aerial and soil diseases, thus it should be integrated into modern pest management strategies.
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Biological control: a novel strategy for the control of the plant parasitic nematodes. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:885-912. [PMID: 33893903 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes (Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp.) are rounded worms, microscopic, and cause many agricultural economic losses. Their attacks have a direct impact on the productivity of cultivated crops by reducing their fruit quantity. Chemical control is widespread all over the world, but biological control is the most effective way to reduce the number of pests that infect crops, particularly by the use of microorganisms like fungi and bacteria. Biological control is rapidly evolving, and more products are being sold worldwide over time. They can be produced by fungi, bacteria, or actinomycetes that can destruct plant parasite nematodes and feed on them. Nematophagous microorganisms as the natural enemies of nematodes have a promising way of controlling nematodes. Some of them create net-like substances and traps to take the worms from outside and finally kill them. Other parasites serve as internal parasites in order to produce toxins and to produce virulence to kill nematodes. Comprehension of the molecular basis for microbial nematode interactions gives important insights into how successful biological nematode control agents can be created. We discuss recent advances in our understanding of nematodes and nematophagous microorganisms, with an emphasis on molecular mechanisms that infect nematodes with nematophagous microorganisms and on nematode safety from pathogenic attacks. Finally, we addressed numerous key areas for future research and development, including possible approaches to the application of our recent expertise in the development of successful biocontrol strategies.
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Rashidifard M, Ashrafi S, Claassens S, Thünen T, Fourie H. A Pilot Approach Investigating the Potential of Crop Rotation With Sainfoin to Reduce Meloidogyne enterolobii Infection of Maize Under Greenhouse Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:659322. [PMID: 33936147 PMCID: PMC8086598 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.659322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are one of the most important plant-parasitic nematodes of cereal crops in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was designed to evaluate the rotation effects of different cultivars of sainfoin (Esparsette, Perly, Taja and Visnovsky), soybean (DM-5953-RSF) and alfalfa (BAR 7) with maize (P-2432-R), on a Meloidogyne enterolobii population, compared to monoculture maize. The results showed that sainfoin (Perly and Esparsette) and alfalfa had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower numbers of M. enterolobii eggs and second stage juveniles (J2) compared to the monoculture maize in the first experiment. However, in the repeat experiment all treatments had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower numbers of eggs and J2 compared to monoculture maize. Rotation of sainfoin Esparsette/maize resulted in the lowest numbers of eggs and J2 (91 and 202, respectively) in the first and repeat experiments. Rotation of sainfoin Esparsette/maize reduced M. enterolobii population density by 81 and 60% in the first and repeat experiments, respectively, followed by alfalfa (54 and 43%, respectively). Ultimately, substantial variation was evident in terms of the efficacy of different sainfoin cultivars with regards to their effect on nematode reduction when used in rotation with maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Rashidifard
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Samad Ashrafi
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sarina Claassens
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Torsten Thünen
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Crop and Soil Science, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hendrika Fourie
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Soliman MS, El-Deriny MM, Ibrahim DSS, Zakaria H, Ahmed Y. Suppression of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on tomato plants using the nematode trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora Fresenius. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2402-2415. [PMID: 33837626 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aims of the study were to isolate and characterize the nematode trapping fungus, Arthrobotrys oligospora, to investigate the suppressive and predacious activities of the fungus against Meloidogyne incognita and to study the potentiality of A. oligospora in controlling root-knot caused by M. incognita on tomato plants. METHODS AND RESULTS Arthrobotrys oligospora (MRDS 300) was isolated from sandy soil samples collected from Al-Beheira, Egypt. In vitro experiments revealed a high efficiency of the fungus in capturing and suppressing M. incognita second juveniles (J2 ). Microscopic observations showed that the fungus develops adhesive traps consisting of loops of hyphae. Moreover, an in vitro experiment showed that the culture filtrate of A. oligospora had a high toxic effect on the nematode. Pot experiments carried out in two seasons (2018-2019) showed that A. oligospora significantly suppressed root knot on tomato plants caused by M. incognita. The number of females, galls and nematodes in different developing stages were reduced significantly. The treatment with A. oligospora had a prominent effect on enhancing plant growth. CONCLUSION Arthrobotrys oligospora had significant suppressive and predacious effects against root-knot nematode, M. incognita. The fungus developed different forms of trapping devices in addition to secreting toxic metabolites to M. incognita. The fungus had a plant-growth promoting effect. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Arthrobotrys oligospora (MRDS 300) is a potential biological control agent that can be utilized in controlling the root-knot diseases caused by M. incognita.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Soliman
- Plant Quarantine Pathogens Laboratory, Mycology Research & Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - M M El-Deriny
- Nematode Diseases Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - D S S Ibrahim
- Nematode Diseases Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - H Zakaria
- Plant Quarantine Pathogens Laboratory, Mycology Research & Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Y Ahmed
- Plant Quarantine Pathogens Laboratory, Mycology Research & Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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Cruz G, De León L, Bethancourt A, Ríos N, Krause R, Sandoval N. Antagonistic effects of native strains of the soil fungus Paecilomyces against gastrointestinal nematode and protozoan parasites of pigs in Panama. J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:204-210. [PMID: 33746405 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of gastrointestinal parasites naturally infect domestic pigs in Panama which may also occur as zoonotic infections in humans. Anthelmintic drug treatment, including mass drug administration, can lead to drug resistance, reflecting a need for alternatives. The objectives of this exploratory and observational study were: (1) to isolate and cultivate natives species of Paecilomyces from natural soils in Panama, and (2) to evaluate isolated strains for their capacity to parasitize endemic gastrointestinal nematode and protozoan parasites recovered from naturally infected domestic pigs by observing cultures for spore adhesion and hyphae penetration phases. Using microcultivation and inoculation techniques, four strains of Paecilomyces were isolated from three locations in Panama, out of which three successfully adhered to and penetrated free-living stages (eggs, cysts and oocysts) of Balantidium suis, coccidia, Trichuris suis and hookworm. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of a nematophagous fungus such as Paecilomyces successfully infecting this range of gastrointestinal parasites, particularly protozoan parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Génesis Cruz
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Ambiental (LIPAAM), University of Panama, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Lenin De León
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Ambiental (LIPAAM), University of Panama, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Ariadna Bethancourt
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Ambiental (LIPAAM), University of Panama, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Nivia Ríos
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Ambiental (LIPAAM), University of Panama, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | | | - Nidia Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Ambiental (LIPAAM), University of Panama, Panama City, Republic of Panama
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Ocampo-Gutiérrez AY, Hernández-Velázquez VM, Aguilar-Marcelino L, Cardoso-Taketa A, Zamilpa A, López-Arellano ME, González-Cortázar M, Hernández-Romano J, Reyes-Estebanez M, Mendoza-de Gives P. Morphological and molecular characterization, predatory behaviour and effect of organic extracts of four nematophagous fungi from Mexico. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Fungal Communities as Biological Control Agents for Different Phytopathogenic Organisms. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Plant Health and Rhizosphere Microbiome: Effects of the Bionematicide Aphanocladium album in Tomato Plants Infested by Meloidogyne javanica. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121922. [PMID: 33287243 PMCID: PMC7761678 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The artificial introduction in the soil of antagonistic microorganisms can be a successful strategy, alternative to agrochemicals, for the control of the root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and for preserving plant health. On the other hand, plant roots and the associated rhizosphere constitute a complex system in which the contribution of microbial community is fundamental to plant health and development, since microbes may convert organic and inorganic substances into available plant nutrients. In the present study, the potential nematicidal activity of the biopesticide Aphanocladium album (A. album strain MX-95) against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica in infected tomato plants was investigated. Specifically, the effect of the A. album treatment on plant fitness was evaluated observing the plant morphological traits and also considering the nematode propagation parameters, the A. album MX-95 vitality and population density. In addition, the treatment effects on the rhizosphere microbiome were analysed by a metabarcoding procedure. Treatments with A. album isolate MX-95 significantly decreased root gall severity index and soil nematode population. The treatment also resulted in increased rhizosphere microbial populations. A. album MX-95 can be favourably considered as a new bionematicide to control M. javanica infestation.
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Paenibacillus polymyxa NMA1017 as a potential biocontrol agent of Phytophthora tropicalis, causal agent of cacao black pod rot in Chiapas, Mexico. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 114:55-68. [PMID: 33230721 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cacao represents an important source of income for farmers in the south of Mexico. However, phytosanitary problems have disrupted the production over the years. The use of antagonistic microorganisms as biocontrol agents might improve the production of cacao. In this study, Paenibacillus polymyxa NMA1017, isolated from the rhizosphere of Opuntia ficus-indica L., was used as a biocontrol agent for black pod rot of Theobroma cacao L. cultivated in Chiapas, Mexico. The experiments were carried in vitro and in vivo using pear fruit (Pyrous communis) as model and cacao pods in the field, respectively. The effect of NMA1017 on the phytopathogen was observed by electron microscopy and the production of enzymes was tested as a potential mechanism of action. The bacterium inhibited the radial growth of Phytophthora tropicalis PtCa-14 by 85.9 ± 0.12%. The strain NMA1017 affected mycelial development, as observed by the damage to the cell wall of the oomycete. In pear fruit, the biocontrol agent controlled the production of mycelium on the pear fruit surface, indicating an inhibitory effect exerted. Cacao pods infected with P. tropicalis in the field resulted in a reduction in disease incidence from 86 to 33% and in infection from 68 to 6%. Moreover, strain NMA1017 produced hydrolytic enzymes such as cellulases, xylanases, chitinases and proteases. The results obtained highlight P. polymyxa NMA1017 as an organism of interest for the biocontrol of P. tropicalis, as a method to rescue this important crop in Mexico.
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Ferreira SR, Machado ART, Furtado LF, Gomes JHDS, de Almeida RM, de Oliveira Mendes T, Maciel VN, Barbosa FS, Carvalho LM, Bueno LL, Bartholomeu DC, de Araújo JV, Rabelo EML, de Pádua RM, Pimenta LPS, Fujiwara RT. Ketamine can be produced by Pochonia chlamydosporia: an old molecule and a new anthelmintic? Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:527. [PMID: 33081837 PMCID: PMC7574484 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04402-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection by nematodes is a problem for human health, livestock, and agriculture, as it causes deficits in host health, increases production costs, and incurs a reduced food supply. The control of these parasites is usually done using anthelmintics, which, in most cases, have not been fully effective. Therefore, the search for new molecules with anthelmintic potential is necessary. METHODS In the present study, we isolated and characterized molecules from the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia and tested these compounds on three nematodes: Caenorhabditis elegans; Ancylostoma ceylanicum; and Ascaris suum. RESULTS The ethyl acetate extract showed nematicidal activity on the nematode model C. elegans. We identified the major substance present in two sub-fractions of this extract as ketamine. Then, we tested this compound on C. elegans and the parasites A. ceylanicum and A. suum using hamsters and mice as hosts, respectively. We did not find a difference between the animal groups when considering the number of worms recovered from the intestines of animals treated with ketamine (6 mg) and albendazole (P > 0.05). The parasite burden of larvae recovered from the lungs of mice treated with ketamine was similar to those treated with ivermectin. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here demonstrate the nematicidal activity of ketamine in vitro and in vivo, thus confirming the nematicidal potential of the molecule present in the fungus P. chlamydosporia may consist of a new method of controlling parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiao Rodrigo Ferreira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.,Centro de Formação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Praça Joana Angélica, 250, Teixeira de Freitas, BA, 45988-058, Brazil
| | - Alan Rodrigues T Machado
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Unidade João Monlevade, João Monlevade, MG, 35930-314, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Furtado
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.,Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Unidade Passos, Avenida Juca Stockler, Nossa Sra. das Gracas, 1130, Passos, MG, 37900-106, Brazil
| | - Jose Hugo de S Gomes
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Raquel M de Almeida
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thiago de Oliveira Mendes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-000, Brazil
| | - Valentina N Maciel
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fernando Sergio Barbosa
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lorendane M Carvalho
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-000, Brazil
| | - Lilian Lacerda Bueno
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Daniella Castanheira Bartholomeu
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Jackson Victor de Araújo
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-000, Brazil
| | - Elida M L Rabelo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Maia de Pádua
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lucia Pinheiro Santos Pimenta
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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Linking Organic Metabolites as Produced by Purpureocillium Lilacinum 6029 Cultured on Karanja Deoiled Cake Medium for the Sustainable Management of Root-Knot Nematodes. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12198276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes pose a serious threat to agriculture and forest systems, causing significant losses of the crop worldwide. A wide range of chemical nematicides has traditionally been used to manage phyto-nematodes. However, due to their ill effects on the environment, biological control agents (BCAs) like Purpureocillium lilacinum that exhibit antagonistic effects on root-knot nematodes are preferred. The current study focused on identifying nematicidal metabolites produced by the fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum cultivated on akaranja deoiled cake-based liquid medium through bioactivity-guided fractionation against Meloidogyne incognita. Column chromatography of the ethyl acetate extract of fungal filtrate exhibited the most potent fraction (fraction 14–15), giving 94.6% egg mass hatching inhibition on the 5th day and a maximum nematicidal activity of 62% against second-stage juveniles after 48 h at 5000 mg/L. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of this fraction revealed five major compounds, viz., 2-ethyl butyric acid, phenyl ethyl alcohol, benzoic acid, benzene acetic acid, and 3,5-Di-t-butylphenol. These biocompounds have potential biocontrol applications in agriculture, but further in vivo studies are warranted.
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Becker JS, Borneman J, Becker JO. Effect of Heterodera schachtii female age on susceptibility to three fungal hyperparasites in the genus Hyalorbilia. J Nematol 2020; 52:e2020-93. [PMID: 33829185 PMCID: PMC8015330 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2020-093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three closely related nematophagous fungi in the genus Hyalorbilia were compared for their ability to parasitize females and eggs of Heterodera schachtii at different developmental stages. DoUCR50, StM, and ARF were originally isolated from Heterodera schachtii, Meloidogyne incognita, and Heterodera glycines, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis and pairwise sequence analysis showed that DoUCR50 and StM are more closely related to each other than they are to ARF. DoUCR50 parasitism suppressed 100% of the J2 hatch from 3-week-old H. schachtii females and 75% of the hatch from 4-week-old females. Eggs within 5-week-old females were resistant to parasitism, and hatch of J2 was unaffected by exposure to DoUCR50. StM and ARF did not reduce the hatch of J2 from H. schachtii females of any age. Eggs removed from females and spread onto water agar cultures of the fungi were mostly resistant to parasitism. DoUCR50 parasitized only 16% of such eggs from 3-week-old females. Extracellular hydrolytic enzyme production by the three fungal strains grown on PDA or parasitized H. schachtii females was evaluated using API ZYM (bioMérieux) test strips. All three fungi produced extracellular hydrolytic enzymes when grown on PDA or H. schachtii females. Trypsin-like protease activity was uniquely detected in DoUCR50 grown on PDA and H. schachtii females, with the highest activity associated with the fungus grown on parasitized females.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Smith Becker
- Department of Nematology, University of California, 3401 Watkins Drive, Riverside, CA, 92521
| | - J Borneman
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, 3401 Watkins Drive, Riverside, CA, 92521
| | - J O Becker
- Department of Nematology, University of California, 3401 Watkins Drive, Riverside, CA, 92521
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Benttoumi N, Colagiero M, Sellami S, Boureghda H, Keddad A, Ciancio A. Diversity of Nematode Microbial Antagonists from Algeria Shows Occurrence of Nematotoxic Trichoderma spp. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080941. [PMID: 32722274 PMCID: PMC7465808 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fungi and bacteria associated to phytoparasitic nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and Meloidogyne spp. in Algeria were identified and characterized. Trichoderma spp. showed the highest prevalence in the cysts of G. rostochiensis. A number of isolates were identified through PCR amplification and the sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1-2 and Rpb2 gene regions. The most represented species were T. harzianum and T. afroharzianum. The latter and T. hirsutum were reported for the first time in Algeria. Fusarium spp., including F. oxysporum and F. solani, comprised a second group of fungi found in cysts. Taxa associated to females of Meloidogyne spp. included T. harzianum, Fusarium spp. and other hyphomycetes. To assess the efficacy of Trichoderma spp., two assays were carried out in vitro with the culture filtrates of two T. afroharzianum and T. harzianum isolates, to check their toxicity versus the second stage juveniles of M. incognita. After 24–48 h exposure, a mortality significantly higher than the control was observed for both filtrates at 1% dilutions. The TRI genes involved in the production of trichothecenes were also amplified with the PCR from some Trichoderma spp. isolates and sequenced, supporting a putative role in nematode toxicity. Bacteria isolated from the cysts of G. rostochiensis included Brucella,Rhizobium, Stenotrophomonas and Bacillus spp., identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The potential of the microbial isolates identified and their mechanisms of action are discussed, as part of a sustainable nematode management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Benttoumi
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Molecular Biology, Department of Botany, Higher National School of Agronomy (ENSA), El-Harrach 16004, Algeria; (N.B.); (S.S.); (H.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Mariantonietta Colagiero
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Samira Sellami
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Molecular Biology, Department of Botany, Higher National School of Agronomy (ENSA), El-Harrach 16004, Algeria; (N.B.); (S.S.); (H.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Houda Boureghda
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Molecular Biology, Department of Botany, Higher National School of Agronomy (ENSA), El-Harrach 16004, Algeria; (N.B.); (S.S.); (H.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Abdelaziz Keddad
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Molecular Biology, Department of Botany, Higher National School of Agronomy (ENSA), El-Harrach 16004, Algeria; (N.B.); (S.S.); (H.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Aurelio Ciancio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy;
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Baron NC, de Souza Pollo A, Rigobelo EC. Purpureocillium lilacinum and Metarhizium marquandii as plant growth-promoting fungi. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9005. [PMID: 32518715 PMCID: PMC7261125 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Especially on commodities crops like soybean, maize, cotton, coffee and others, high yields are reached mainly by the intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers. The biological management of crops is a relatively recent concept, and its application has increased expectations about a more sustainable agriculture. The use of fungi as plant bioinoculants has proven to be a useful alternative in this process, and research is deepening on genera and species with some already known potential. In this context, the present study focused on the analysis of the plant growth promotion potential of Purpureocillium lilacinum, Purpureocillium lavendulum and Metarhizium marquandii aiming its use as bioinoculants in maize, bean and soybean. Methods Purpureocillium spp. and M. marquandii strains were isolated from soil samples. They were screened for their ability to solubilize phosphorus (P) and produce indoleacetic acid (IAA) and the most promising strains were tested at greenhouse in maize, bean and soybean plants. Growth promotion parameters including plant height, dry mass and contents of P and nitrogen (N) in the plants and in the rhizospheric soil were assessed. Results Thirty strains were recovered and characterized as Purpureocillium lilacinum (25), Purpureocillium lavendulum (4) and Metarhizium marquandii (1). From the trial for P solubilization and IAA production, seven strains were selected and inoculated in maize, bean and soybean plants. These strains were able to modify in a different way the evaluated parameters involving plant growth in each crop, and some strains distinctly increased the availability of P and N, for the last, an uncommon occurrence involving these fungi. Moreover, the expected changes identified at the in vitro analysis were not necessarily found in planta. In addition, this study is the first to evaluate the effect of the isolated inoculation of these fungi on the growth promotion of maize, bean and soybean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Carla Baron
- Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Graduation Program, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza Pollo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Everlon Cid Rigobelo
- Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Graduation Program, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fan Z, Qin Y, Liu S, Xing R, Yu H, Li P. Chitosan Oligosaccharide Fluorinated Derivative Control Root-Knot Nematode ( Meloidogyne incognita) Disease Based on the Multi-Efficacy Strategy. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18050273. [PMID: 32455898 PMCID: PMC7281207 DOI: 10.3390/md18050273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant root-knot nematode disease is a great agricultural problem and commercially available nematicides have the disadvantages of high toxicity and limited usage; thus, it is urgent to develop new nematicides derived from nature substances. In this study, a novel fluorinated derivative was synthesized by modifying chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) using the strategy of multiple functions. The derivatives were characterized by FTIR, NMR, elemental analysis, and TG/DTG. The activity assays show that the derivatives can effectively kill the second instar larvae of Meloidogyne incognita in vitro, among them, chitosan-thiadiazole-trifluorobutene (COSSZFB) perform high eggs hatching inhibitory activity. The derivatives can regulate plant growth (photosynthetic pigment), improve immunity (chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase), and show low cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity. According to the multi-functional activity, the derivatives exhibit a good control effect on plant root-knot nematode disease in vivo. The results demonstrate that the COS derivatives (especially fluorinated derivative) perform multiple activities and show the potential to be further evaluated as nematicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqian Fan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.F.); (S.L.); (R.X.); (H.Y.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yukun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.F.); (S.L.); (R.X.); (H.Y.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Q.); (P.L.); Tel.: +86-0532-8289-8641 (Y.Q.); +86-0532-8289-8707 (P.L.)
| | - Song Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.F.); (S.L.); (R.X.); (H.Y.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.F.); (S.L.); (R.X.); (H.Y.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huahua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.F.); (S.L.); (R.X.); (H.Y.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.F.); (S.L.); (R.X.); (H.Y.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Q.); (P.L.); Tel.: +86-0532-8289-8641 (Y.Q.); +86-0532-8289-8707 (P.L.)
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Maluin FN, Hussein MZ, Yusof NA, Fakurazi S, Idris AS, Hilmi NHZ, Daim LDJ. Phytotoxicity of chitosan-based agronanofungicides in the vegetative growth of oil palm seedling. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231315. [PMID: 32315346 PMCID: PMC7173863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although fungicides could be the best solution in combating fungal infections in crops, however, the phytotoxic level of fungicides to the crops should be tested first to ensure that it is safe for the crops. Moreover, nanocarrier systems of fungicides could play a significant role in the advancement of crop protection. For this reason, chitosan was chosen in the present study as a nanocarrier for fungicides of hexaconazole and/or dazomet in the development of a new generation of agronanofungicides with a high antifungal potent agent and no phytotoxic effect. Hence, the encapsulation of fungicides into the non-toxic biopolymer, chitosan was aims to reduce the phytotoxic level of fungicides. In the present study, the in vivo phytotoxicity of chitosan-fungicides nanoparticles on the physiological and vegetative growth of oil palm seedlings was evaluated in comparison to its pure fungicides as well as the conventional fungicides. The results revealed the formation of chitosan-fungicides nanoparticles could reduce the phytotoxic effect on oil palm seedlings compared to their counterparts, pure fungicides. The chitosan-fungicides nanoparticles were seen to greatly reduce the phytotoxic effect compared to the conventional fungicides with the same active ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhatun Najat Maluin
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zobir Hussein
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Leona Daniela Jeffery Daim
- Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn. Bhd., UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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50
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Moussa AY, Lambert C, Stradal TE, Ashrafi S, Maier W, Stadler M, Helaly SE. New Peptaibiotics and a Cyclodepsipeptide from Ijuhya vitellina: Isolation, Identification, Cytotoxic and Nematicidal Activities. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9030132. [PMID: 32235703 PMCID: PMC7148537 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9030132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal associations with nematodes have attracted scientific attention because of the need to develop new biocontrol agents. In this context, Ijuhya vitellina, an antagonistic fungus previously isolated from the plant parasitic cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi, was selected to carry out an in-depth metabolomic study for its active metabolites. Herein, three new nonapeptide peptaibols with leucinostatin based sequences were isolated and identified by 1, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS-MS. The absolute configuration was assigned based on Marfay’s analysis and Mosher ester formation. The new leucinostatins manifested moderate nematicidal effect against the plant pathogenic nematode Pratylenchus penetrans with LD90 values ranging from 5 to 7 µg/mL. Furthermore, a cyclodepsipeptide, named arthrichitin D, with five amino acid residues attached to a 3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethylhexadeca-4,6-dienoic fatty acid chain was discovered and showed weak nematicidal effect against Caenorhabditis elegans. Chaetoglobosin B and its 19-O-acetyl derivative were also obtained as minor metabolites, and the activity of chaetoglobosin B on the actin cytoskeleton of mammalian cells was assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashaimaa Y. Moussa
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain shams University, Abbassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Christopher Lambert
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (C.L.); (T.E.B.S.)
| | - Theresia E.B. Stradal
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (C.L.); (T.E.B.S.)
| | - Samad Ashrafi
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI)–Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11/12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.A.); (W.M.)
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI)–Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11/12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.A.); (W.M.)
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.E.H.)
| | - Soleiman E. Helaly
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, 81528 Aswan, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.E.H.)
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