1
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Dinday S, Ghosh S. Recent advances in triterpenoid pathway elucidation and engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108214. [PMID: 37478981 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are among the most assorted class of specialized metabolites found in all the taxa of living organisms. Triterpenoids are the leading active ingredients sourced from plant species and are utilized in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The triterpenoid precursor 2,3-oxidosqualene, which is biosynthesized via the mevalonate (MVA) pathway is structurally diversified by the oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) and other scaffold-decorating enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) and acyltransferases (ATs). A majority of the bioactive triterpenoids are harvested from the native hosts using the traditional methods of extraction and occasionally semi-synthesized. These methods of supply are time-consuming and do not often align with sustainability goals. Recent advancements in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology have shown prospects for the green routes of triterpenoid pathway reconstruction in heterologous hosts such as Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Nicotiana benthamiana, which appear to be quite promising and might lead to the development of alternative source of triterpenoids. The present review describes the biotechnological strategies used to elucidate complex biosynthetic pathways and to understand their regulation and also discusses how the advances in triterpenoid pathway engineering might aid in the scale-up of triterpenoid production in engineered hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Dinday
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India; School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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2
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Qu G, Liu Y, Ma Q, Li J, Du G, Liu L, Lv X. Progress and Prospects of Natural Glycoside Sweetener Biosynthesis: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15926-15941. [PMID: 37856872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
To achieve an adequate sense of sweetness with a healthy low-sugar diet, it is necessary to explore and produce sugar alternatives. Recently, glycoside sweeteners and their biosynthetic approaches have attracted the attention of researchers. In this review, we first outlined the synthetic pathways of glycoside sweeteners, including the key enzymes and rate-limiting steps. Next, we reviewed the progress in engineered microorganisms producing glycoside sweeteners, including de novo synthesis, whole-cell catalysis synthesis, and in vitro synthesis. The applications of metabolic engineering strategies, such as cofactor engineering and enzyme modification, in the optimization of glycoside sweetener biosynthesis were summarized. Finally, the prospects of combining enzyme engineering and machine learning strategies to enhance the production of glycoside sweeteners were discussed. This review provides a perspective on synthesizing glycoside sweeteners in microbial cells, theoretically guiding the bioproduction of glycoside sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Shandong Jincheng Biological Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Qinyuan Ma
- Shandong Jincheng Biological Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food Biotechnology Company, Limited, Yixing 214200, P. R. China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food Biotechnology Company, Limited, Yixing 214200, P. R. China
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3
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Afifah IQ, Wibowo I, Faizal A. A newly identified β-amyrin synthase gene hypothetically involved in oleanane-saponin biosynthesis from Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17707. [PMID: 37449131 PMCID: PMC10336583 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Talinum paniculatum or Javanese ginseng in Indonesia is a plant widely used as a traditional medicine. The genus Talinum produces oleanane-type saponins, such as talinumoside I. The first aim of this study was to isolate the probable gene encoding β-amyrin synthase (bAS), a key enzyme involved in the cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene producing the backbone of the oleanane-type saponin β-amyrin and characterize the gene sequence and the predicted protein sequence using in silico approach. The second aim was to analyze the correlation between the TpbAS gene expression level and saponin production in various plant organs. Thus, TpbAS was isolated using degenerate primers and PCR 5'/3'-Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE), then the gene sequence and the predicted protein were in silico analyzed using various programs. TpbAS expression level was analyzed using reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), and saponin content was measured using a spectrophotometer. The results showed that the full-length TpbAS gene consists of 2298 base pairs encoding for a 765-amino acid protein. From in silico study, the (GA)n sequence was identified in the 5'-untranslated regions and predicted to be a candidate of the gene expression modulator. In addition, functional RNA motifs and sites analysis predicted the presence of exon splicing enhancers and silencers within the coding sequence and miRNA target sites candidate. Amino acid sequence analysis showed DCTAE, QW, and WCYCR motifs that were conserved in all classes of oxidosqualene cyclase enzymes. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that TpbAS is closely related to other plant oxidosqualene cyclase groups. Analysis of TpbAS expression and saponin content indicated that saponin is mainly synthesized and accumulated in the leaves. Taken together, these findings will assist in increasing the saponin content through a metabolic engineering approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ika Qurrotul Afifah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Indra Wibowo
- Physiology, Animal Development, and Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Faizal
- Plant Science and Biotechnology Research Group, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
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4
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Zhu Y, Zhou C, Liu X, Li X, Shi C, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li C. Aided-efflux and high production of β-amyrin realized by β-cyclodextrin in situ synthesized on surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:1147-1158. [PMID: 36593696 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid, β-amyrin has been heterogeneously synthesized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, β-amyrin is intracellularly produced in a lower gram scale using recombinant S. cerevisiae, which limits the industrial applications. Although many strategies have been proven to be effective to improve the production of β-amyrin, the intracellularly accumulation is still a challenge in reaching higher titer and simplifying the extraction process. To solve this problem, the amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) has been previously employed to aid the efflux of β-amyrin out of the cells. Nevertheless, the supplemented β-CD in the medium is not consistent with β-amyrin synthesis and has the disadvantage of rather high cost. Therefore, an aided-efflux system based on in situ synthesis of β-CD was developed in this study to enhance the biosynthesis of β-amyrin and its efflux. The in situ synthesis of β-CD was started from starch by the surface displayed cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) on yeast cells. As a result, the synthesized β-CD could capture 16% of the intracellular β-amyrin and improve the total production by 77%. Furthermore, more strategies including inducing system remodeling, precursor supply enhancement, two-phase fermentation and lipid synthesis regulation were employed. Finally, the production of β-amyrin was increased to 73 mg/L in shake flask, 31 folds higher than the original strain, containing 31 mg/L of extracellular β-amyrin. Overall, this work provides novel strategies for the aided-efflux of natural products with high hydrophobicity in engineered S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Caifang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yapeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Mrudulakumari Vasudevan U, Mai DHA, Krishna S, Lee EY. Methanotrophs as a reservoir for bioactive secondary metabolites: Pitfalls, insights and promises. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 63:108097. [PMID: 36634856 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Methanotrophs are potent natural producers of several bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs) including isoprenoids, polymers, peptides, and vitamins. Cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters identified from these microbes via genome mining hinted at the vast and hidden SM biosynthetic potential of these microbes. Central carbon metabolism in methanotrophs offers rare pathway intermediate pools that could be further diversified using advanced synthetic biology tools to produce valuable SMs; for example, plant polyketides, rare carotenoids, and fatty acid-derived SMs. Recent advances in pathway reconstruction and production of isoprenoids, squalene, ectoine, polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer, cadaverine, indigo, and shinorine serve as proof-of-concept. This review provides theoretical guidance for developing methanotrophs as microbial chassis for high-value SMs. We summarize the distinct secondary metabolic potentials of type I and type II methanotrophs, with specific attention to products relevant to biomedical applications. This review also includes native and non-native SMs from methanotrophs, their therapeutic potential, strategies to induce silent biosynthetic gene clusters, and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushasree Mrudulakumari Vasudevan
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dung Hoang Anh Mai
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Shyam Krishna
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Thuan NH, Tatipamula VB, Trung NT, Van Giang N. Metabolic engineering and optimization of Escherichia coli co-culture for the de novo synthesis of genkwanin. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 50:kuad030. [PMID: 37738435 PMCID: PMC10565888 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Genkwanin has various significant roles in nutrition, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical biology. Previously, this compound was chiefly produced by plant-originated extraction or chemical synthesis. However, due to increasing concern and demand for safe food and environmental issues, the biotechnological production of genkwanin and other bioactive compounds based on safe, cheap, and renewable substrates has gained much interest. This paper described recombinant Escherichia coli-based co-culture engineering that was reconstructed for the de novo production of genkwanin from d-glucose. The artificial genkwanin biosynthetic chain was divided into 2 modules in which the upstream strain contained the genes for synthesizing p-coumaric acid from d-glucose, and the downstream module contained a gene cluster that produced the precursor apigenin and the final product, genkwanin. The Box-Behnken design, a response surface methodology, was used to empirically model the production of genkwanin and optimize its productivity. As a result, the application of the designed co-culture improved the genkwanin production by 48.8 ± 1.3 mg/L or 1.7-fold compared to the monoculture. In addition, the scale-up of genkwanin bioproduction by a bioreactor resulted in 68.5 ± 1.9 mg/L at a 48 hr time point. The combination of metabolic engineering and fermentation technology was therefore a very efficient and applicable approach to enhance the production of other bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huy Thuan
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Thanh Trung
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Giang
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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Oogo Y, Takemura M, Sakamoto A, Misawa N, Shimada H. Orange protein, phytoene synthase regulator, has protein disulfide reductase activity. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2072094. [PMID: 35699140 PMCID: PMC9225386 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2072094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Orange protein (OR) is known to interact with phytoene synthase (PSY) that commits the first step in carotenoid biosynthesis, and functions as a major post-transcriptional regulator on PSY. We here tried to reveal enzymatic characteristics of OR, that is, protein disulfide reductase (PDR) activity of the Arabidopsis thaliana OR protein (AtOR) was analyzed using dieosin glutathione disulfide (Di-E-GSSG) as a substrate. The AtOR part containing only the zinc (Zn)-finger motif was found to show PDR activity, with an apparent Km of 12,632 nM, Kcat of 11.85 min-1, and KcatKm-1 of 15.6 × 103 M-1sec-1. To evaluate the significance of the N-terminal region of AtOR, we examined the kinetic parameters of a fusion protein composed of the N-terminal region and the Zn-finger motif from AtOR. Consequently, the fusion protein had lower values for Km (2,074 nM) and Kcat (3.18 min-1) and higher catalytic efficiency (25.9 × 103 M-1sec-1) than that of only the Zn-finger motif part, suggesting that the N-terminal region of AtOR should be important for substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency of PDR activity. Complementation experiments with E. coli further demonstrated that AtOR containing the N-terminal region and the Zn-finger motif increases phytoene synthase activity of AtPSY especially under reduced circumstances retaining a NADPH- and H+-regeneration system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Oogo
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miho Takemura
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi-shi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Norihiko Misawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi-shi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimada
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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8
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Meena K, Visarada KBRS, Meena D. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench a multifarious crop -fodder to therapeutic potential and biotechnological applications: A future food for the millennium. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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9
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Darwish H, Alharthi S, Mehanna RA, Ibrahim SS, Fawzy MA, Alotaibi SS, Albogami SM, Albogami B, Hassan SHA, Noureldeen A. Evaluation of the Anti-Cancer Potential of Rosa damascena Mill. Callus Extracts against the Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cell Line. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196241. [PMID: 36234779 PMCID: PMC9572977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an aggressive form of chemical drug therapy aiming to destroy cancer cells. Adjuvant therapy may reduce hazards of chemotherapy and help in destroying these cells when obtained from natural products, such as medical plants. In this study, the potential therapeutic effect of Rosa damascena callus crude extract produced in vitamin-enhanced media is investigated on colorectal cancer cell line Caco-2. Two elicitors, i.e., L-ascorbic acid and citric acid at a concentration of 0.5 g/L were added to the callus induction medium. Callus extraction and the GC–MS analysis of methanolic crude extracts were also determined. Cytotoxicity, clonogenicity, proliferation and migration of Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells were investigated using MTT cytotoxicity, colony-forming, Ki-67 flow cytometry proliferation and Migration Scratch assays, respectively. Our results indicated that L-ascorbic acid treatment enhanced callus growth parameters and improved secondary metabolite contents. It showed the least IC50 value of 137 ug/mL compared to 237 ug/mL and 180 ug/mL in the citric acid-treated and control group. We can conclude that R. damascena callus elicited by L-ascorbic acid improved growth and secondary metabolite contents as well as having an efficient antiproliferative, anti-clonogenic and anti-migratory effect on Caco-2 cancer cells, thus, can be used as an adjuvant anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer Darwish
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-55-621-4209
| | - Sarah Alharthi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radwa A. Mehanna
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. 21544, Egypt
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications (CERRMA), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. 21544, Egypt
| | - Samar S. Ibrahim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications (CERRMA), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. 21544, Egypt
| | - Mustafa A. Fawzy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saqer S. Alotaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah M. Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bander Albogami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sedky H. A. Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Ahmed Noureldeen
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Guo H, Wang H, Chen T, Guo L, Blank LM, Ebert BE, Huo YX. Engineering Critical Amino Acid Residues of Lanosterol Synthase to Improve the Production of Triterpenoids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:2685-2696. [PMID: 35921601 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are a subgroup of terpenoids and have wide applications in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. The heterologous production of various triterpenoids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as other microbes, has been successfully implemented as these production hosts not only produce the precursor of triterpenoids 2,3-oxidosqualene by the mevalonate pathway but also allow simple expression of plant membrane-anchored enzymes. Nevertheless, 2,3-oxidosqualene is natively converted to lanosterol catalyzed by the endogenous lanosterol synthase (Erg7p), causing low production of recombinant triterpenoids. While simple deletion of ERG7 was not effective, in this study, the critical amino acid residues of Erg7p were engineered to lower this critical enzyme activity. The engineered S. cerevisiae indeed accumulated 2,3-oxidosqualene up to 180 mg/L. Engineering triterpenoid synthesis into the ERG7-modified strain resulted in 7.3- and 3-fold increases in the titers of dammarane-type and lupane-type triterpenoids, respectively. This study presents an efficient inducer-free strategy for lowering Erg7p activity, thereby providing 2,3-oxidosqualene for the enhanced production of various triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Huiyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology-iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Birgitta E Ebert
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland Cnr College Rd & Cooper Rd, St Luci a, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yi-Xin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
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11
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Otani Y, Maoka T, Kawai-Noma S, Saito K, Umeno D. A novel carotenoid biosynthetic route via oxidosqualene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 599:75-80. [PMID: 35176628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Over 800 known carotenoids are synthesized from phytoene or 4,4'-diapophytoene (dehydrosqualene) characterized by three conjugated double bonds. In this paper, we report that carotenoid desaturase CrtN from Staphylococcus aureus and Methylomonas can accept oxidosqualene, which is the precursor for plant- or animal-type triterpenoids, yielding the yellow carotenoid pigments with 8, 9, or 10 conjugated double bonds. The resulting pathway is the second nonnatural route for carotenoid pigments and the first pathway for carotenoid pigments not biosynthesized via (diapo)phytoene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Otani
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Maoka
- Research Institute for Production Development, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeko Kawai-Noma
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Umeno
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
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12
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Zeng G, Li Z, Zhao Z. Analysis of weighted gene co-expression network of triterpenoid-related transcriptome characteristics from different strains of Wolfiporia cocos. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18207. [PMID: 34521885 PMCID: PMC8440546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97616-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus Wolfiporia cocos has wide-ranging and important medicinal value, and its dried sclerotia are used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Modern studies have shown that triterpenoid, the active ingredient of W. cocos, have a variety of pharmacological effects. The aim of our research was to determine the key genes related to triterpenoid biosynthesis, which may be useful for the genetic modification of cell-engineered bacteria for triterpenoid biosynthesis. In this study, two monospore strains, DZAC-WP-H-29 (high-yielding) and DZAC-WP-L-123 (low-yielding), were selected from the sexually propagated offspring of strain 5.78 of W. cocos, and the mycelia were cultured for 17, 34, and 51 days, respectively. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method was used to analyze transcriptional expressions. The results show that eight core genes (ACAT1-b, hgsA, mvd1, SQLE, erg6, TAT, erg26, and erg11) are associated with the triterpenoid synthesis pathway, and Pm20d2 and norA outside the pathway may be important genes that influence the biosynthesis and accumulation of W. cocos triterpenoid. The biosynthesis of W. cocos triterpenoid is closely related to the expression of sterol metabolic pathway genes. The role of these genes in triterpenoid synthesis complements our knowledge on the biosynthesis and accumulation of W. cocos triterpenoid, and also provides a reference for the target gene modification of engineered bacteria for the fermentation production of triterpenoid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhong Li
- Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Zhi Zhao
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Propagation and Cultivation on Medicinal Plants, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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13
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Evolution-aided engineering of plant specialized metabolism. ABIOTECH 2021; 2:240-263. [PMID: 36303885 PMCID: PMC9590541 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-021-00052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of new traits in living organisms occurs via the processes of mutation, recombination, genetic drift, and selection. These processes that have resulted in the immense biological diversity on our planet are also being employed in metabolic engineering to optimize enzymes and pathways, create new-to-nature reactions, and synthesize complex natural products in heterologous systems. In this review, we discuss two evolution-aided strategies for metabolic engineering-directed evolution, which improves upon existing genetic templates using the evolutionary process, and combinatorial pathway reconstruction, which brings together genes evolved in different organisms into a single heterologous host. We discuss the general principles of these strategies, describe the technologies involved and the molecular traits they influence, provide examples of their use, and discuss the roadblocks that need to be addressed for their wider adoption. A better understanding of these strategies can provide an impetus to research on gene function discovery and biochemical evolution, which is foundational for improved metabolic engineering. These evolution-aided approaches thus have a substantial potential for improving our understanding of plant metabolism in general, for enhancing the production of plant metabolites, and in sustainable agriculture.
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Heterologous biosynthesis as a platform for producing new generation natural products. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 66:123-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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New frontiers: harnessing pivotal advances in microbial engineering for the biosynthesis of plant-derived terpenoids. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 65:88-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Guo H, Wang H, Huo YX. Engineering Critical Enzymes and Pathways for Improved Triterpenoid Biosynthesis in Yeast. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:2214-2227. [PMID: 32786348 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoids represent a diverse group of phytochemicals that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and have many biological activities. The heterologous production of triterpenoids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been successfully implemented by introducing various triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways. By engineering related enzymes as well as through yeast metabolism, the yield of various triterpenoids is significantly improved from the milligram per liter scale to the gram per liter scale. This achievement demonstrates that engineering critical enzymes is considered a potential strategy to overcome the main hurdles of the industrial application of these potent natural products. Here, we review strategies for designing enzymes to improve the yield of triterpenoids in S. cerevisiae in terms of three main aspects: 1, elevating the supply of the precursor 2,3-oxidosqualene; 2, optimizing triterpenoid-involved reactions; and 3, lowering the competition of the native sterol pathway. Then, we provide challenges and prospects for further enhancing triterpenoid production in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Huiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- SIP-UCLA Institute for Technology Advancement, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
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17
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Takemura M, Kubo A, Higuchi Y, Maoka T, Sahara T, Yaoi K, Ohdan K, Umeno D, Misawa N. Pathway engineering for efficient biosynthesis of violaxanthin in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9393-9399. [PMID: 31673744 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10182-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are naturally synthesized in some species of bacteria, archaea, and fungi (including yeasts) as well as all photosynthetic organisms. Escherichia coli has been the most popular bacterial host for the heterologous production of a variety of carotenoids, including even xanthophylls unique to photosynthetic eukaryotes such as lutein, antheraxanthin, and violaxanthin. However, conversion efficiency of these epoxy-xanthophylls (antheraxanthin and violaxanthin) from zeaxanthin remained substantially low. We here examined several factors affecting their productivity in E. coli. Two sorts of plasmids were introduced into the bacterial host, i.e., a plasmid to produce zeaxanthin due to the presence of the Pantoea ananatis crtE, crtB, crtI, crtY, and crtZ genes in addition to the Haematococcus pluvialis IDI gene, and one containing each of zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) genes originated from nine photosynthetic eukaryotes. It was consequently found that paprika (Capsicum annuum) ZEP (CaZEP) showed the highest conversion activity. Next, using the CaZEP gene, we performed optimization experiments in relation to E. coli strains as the production hosts, expression vectors, and ribosome-binding site (RBS) sequences. As a result, the highest productivity of violaxanthin (231 μg/g dry weight) was observed, when the pUC18 vector was used with CaZEP preceded by a RBS sequence of score 5000 in strain JM101(DE3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Takemura
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan.
| | - Akiko Kubo
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, 555-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Higuchi
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Takashi Maoka
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
- Division of Food Function and Chemistry, Research Institute for Production Development, Kyoto, 606-0805, Japan
| | - Takehiko Sahara
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Katsuro Yaoi
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Kohji Ohdan
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, 555-8502, Japan
| | - Daisuke Umeno
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Norihiko Misawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
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Liu H, Fan J, Wang C, Li C, Zhou X. Enhanced β-Amyrin Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Coupling An Optimal Acetyl-CoA Supply Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3723-3732. [PMID: 30808164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
β-Amyrin is a plant-derived triterpenoid skeleton with wide applications in food and medical industry. β-Amyrin biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is derived from the mevalonate pathway with cytosolic acetyl-CoA as a precursor. In this work, endogenous and several heterologous acetyl-CoA synthesis pathways were coupled to β-amyrin production and a combinational acetyl-CoA supply route was demonstrated to be optimal due to more balanced redox cofactors, much lower energy consumption, and glucose utilization as well as significantly enhanced β-amyrin production (a 200% increase compared to the original β-amyrin-producing strain). Further disruption of an acetyl-CoA competing pathway led to a 330% increase in β-amyrin production as compared to the original strain. Finally, the engineered strain harboring the optimal pathway configuration achieved a final β-amyrin production of 279.0 ± 13.0 mg/L in glucose fed-batch fermentation, which is the highest as ever reported. This work provides an efficient platform for triterpenoid biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Liu
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem, Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Jingjing Fan
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem, Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem, Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Chun Li
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem, Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , 300072 , China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem, Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
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19
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Fagundes MB, Falk RB, Facchi MMX, Vendruscolo RG, Maroneze MM, Zepka LQ, Jacob-Lopes E, Wagner R. Insights in cyanobacteria lipidomics: A sterols characterization from Phormidium autumnale biomass in heterotrophic cultivation. Food Res Int 2019; 119:777-784. [PMID: 30884716 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sterol profiles were obtained from cyanobacteria Phormidium autumnale, cultivated in a heterotrophic system using three distinct sources of carbon: glucose, sucrose, and agroindustrial slaughterhouse wastewater. A simultaneous saponification-extraction ultrasound-assisted method was performed to determine sterol and other non-saponified compounds in the dry biomasses. A total of 24 compounds were observed in the biomasses, including hope-22,29-en-3-one, squalene, and 22 other sterols. Using wastewater as a carbon source, the microalgae biomass produced a diversity of sterols such as stigmasterol (455.3 μg g-1) and β-sitosterol (279.0 μg g-1). However, with glucose it is possible to produce ergosterol (1033.3 μg g-1). Squalene was found in all the cultures, with 1440.4 μg g-1, 225.4 μg g-1, and 425.6 μg g-1 for glucose, sucrose, and slaughterhouse wastewater biomasses, respectively. Several intermediate compounds from those sterols were found. These data provide the construction of the sterol metabolism according to the literature for P. autumnale heterotrophically cultured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Bittencourt Fagundes
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul CEP, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Bolzan Falk
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul CEP, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Michelle Maria Xavier Facchi
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul CEP, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel Guidetti Vendruscolo
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul CEP, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Manzoni Maroneze
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul CEP, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Leila Queiroz Zepka
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul CEP, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jacob-Lopes
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul CEP, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Roger Wagner
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul CEP, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil.
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20
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Hage-Hülsmann J, Metzger S, Wewer V, Buechel F, Troost K, Thies S, Loeschcke A, Jaeger KE, Drepper T. Biosynthesis of cycloartenol by expression of plant and bacterial oxidosqualene cyclases in engineered Rhodobacter capsulatus. J Biotechnol 2019; 306S:100014. [PMID: 34112372 DOI: 10.1016/j.btecx.2020.100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic triterpenes are a large group of secondary metabolites produced by plants, fungi and bacteria. They have diverse biological functions, and offer potential health benefits for humans. Although various terpenes from the mono-, sesqui- and diterpene classes are easy to produce in engineered bacteria, heterologous synthesis of cyclic triterpenes is more challenging. We have recently shown that the triterpene cycloartenol can be produced in Rhodobacter capsulatus SB1003 but initial titers were low with 0.34mgL-1. To assess, if this phototrophic α-proteobacterium can be engineered for enhanced triterpene production, we followed two alternative strategies by comparing the performance of the R. capsulatus SB1003 wildtype strain with two recombinant strains carrying either a mevalonate pathway implemented from Paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens or a deletion in the intrinsic carotenoid biosynthesis gene crtE. These strains are thus engineered for an enhanced isoprenoid biosynthesis or a suppressed precursor conversion by the competing carotenoid pathway. Moreover, three different cycloartenol synthase (CAS) genes from Arabidopsis thaliana or the myxobacterial strains Stigmatella aurantiaca Sga15 and DW4/3-1 were tested for heterologous cycloartenol synthesis. We found that the heterologous expression of mevalonate pathway enzymes had little impact on cycloartenol levels irrespective of the chosen CAS. In contrast, the use of the newly constructed carotenoid-deficient crtE deletion strain showed threefold increased cycloartenol product titers. We conclude that R. capsulatus is a promising alternative host for the functional expression of triterpene biosynthetic enzymes from plants and microbes. Apparently, product titers can also be improved by suppression of competing precursor consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hage-Hülsmann
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Düsseldorf, D-40225, Germany.
| | - Sabine Metzger
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Düsseldorf, D-40225, Germany; MS Platform, Department of Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50674, Germany.
| | - Vera Wewer
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Düsseldorf, D-40225, Germany; MS Platform, Department of Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50674, Germany.
| | - Felix Buechel
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Düsseldorf, D-40225, Germany; MS Platform, Department of Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50674, Germany.
| | - Katrin Troost
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany.
| | - Stephan Thies
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany.
| | - Anita Loeschcke
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Düsseldorf, D-40225, Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany.
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Düsseldorf, D-40225, Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany. k.-
| | - Thomas Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Düsseldorf, D-40225, Germany.
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Zhou J, Zhang Y, Hu T, Su P, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Huang L, Gao W. Functional characterization of squalene epoxidase genes in the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:203-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Lu Y, Zhou J, Hu T, Zhang Y, Su P, Wang J, Gao W, Huang L. A multifunctional oxidosqualene cyclase from Tripterygium regelii that produces both α- and β-amyrin. RSC Adv 2018; 8:23516-23521. [PMID: 35540266 PMCID: PMC9081704 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03468k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripterygium regelii is a rich source of triterpenoids, containing many types of triterpenes with high chemical diversity and interesting pharmacological properties. The cDNA of the multifunctional oxidosqualene cyclase (TrOSC, GenBank accession number: MH161182), consisting of a 2289 bp open reading frame and coding for 762 amino acids, was cloned from the stems and roots of Tripterygium regelii. Phylogenetic analysis using OSC genes from other plants suggested that TrOSC might be a mixed-amyrin synthase. The coding sequence was cloned into the expression vector pYES2 and transformed into the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The resulting products were analysed by GC-MS. Surprisingly, although it showed 76% sequence identity to lupeol synthase from Ricinus communis, TrOSC was found to be a multifunctional triterpene synthase producing both α- and β-amyrin, the precursors of ursane and oleanane type triterpenes, respectively. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the transcript of TrOSC accumulated mainly in roots and stems. Taken together, our findings contribute to the knowledge of key genes in the pentacyclic triterpene biosynthesis pathway. A multifunctional oxidosqualene cyclase was cloned from Tripterygium regelii and identified as a mixed-amyrin synthase, which can produce both α- and β-amyrin.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- China
| | - Tianyuan Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs
| | - Ping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs
- National Resource Center for Chinese MateriaMedica
- China Academy of ChineseMedical Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jiadian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs
- National Resource Center for Chinese MateriaMedica
- China Academy of ChineseMedical Sciences
- Beijing
- China
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