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Zong X, Xu Y, Tao J. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the heat shock protein gene superfamily in Hylurgus ligniperda. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101284. [PMID: 38996692 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Hylurgus ligniperda belongs to Hylurgus Latreille, Curculionidae, Coleoptera. It primarily damages the base and roots of the trunk of pine plants. Short-term treatment at 42 °C can damage Hylurgus ligniperda; therefore, temperature is a vital factor limiting its spread. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) can protect, remove, and repair proteins to help H. ligniperda withstand high temperatures. However, information on HSP genes in H. ligniperda remains limited. In the study, we considered H. ligniperda as the focus of research and identified 56 HligHSP genes at the genome-wide level. These genes were mapped to the cytoplasm or nucleus. An identical subfamily exhibited a closely similar distribution of conserved domains. Combined with the transcriptome data collected in previous studies, we screened six candidate genes, namely HligsHSP-3, HligsHSP-4, HligHSP60-16, HligHSP70-3, HligHSP70-4, and HligHSP90-1, which are specifically expressed during different high-temperature treatments. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure the expression of these six HligHSPs in seven temperature treatment conditions. These genes may be involved in the heat resistance mechanism in adults. Our findings provided a foundation for further studying the heat resistance mechanism in H. ligniperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuo Zong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yabei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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2
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Yang CL, Meng JY, Zhou JY, Zhang JS, Zhang CY. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal the molecular mechanism underlying the thermotolerant response of Spodoptera frugiperda. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130578. [PMID: 38432264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a highly destructive invasive pest with remarkable adaptability to extreme climatic conditions, posing a substantial global threat. Although the effects of temperature stress on the biological and ecological properties of S. frugiperda have been elucidated, the molecular mechanisms underlying its responses remain unclear. Herein, we combined transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to explore the key genes and proteins involved in thermotolerance regulation in S. frugiperda larvae at 42 °C. Overall, 1528 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 154 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in S. frugiperda larvae under heat stress, including antioxidant enzymes, heat shock proteins (Hsps), cytochrome P450s, starch and sucrose metabolism genes, and insulin signaling pathway genes, indicating their involvement in heat tolerance regulation. Correlation analysis of DEGs and DEPs revealed that seven and eight had the same and opposite expression profiles, respectively. After nanocarrier-mediated RNA interference knockdown of SfHsp29, SfHsp20.4, SfCAT, and SfGST, the body weight and mortality of S. frugiperda larvae significantly decreased and increased under heat stress, respectively. This indicates that SfHsp29, SfHsp20.4, SfCAT, and SfGST play a crucial role in the thermotolerance of S. frugiperda larvae. These results provide insight into the mechanism of heat tolerance in S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Li Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jian-Yu Meng
- Guizhou Tobacco Science Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, China
| | - Jian-Yun Zhou
- Guiyang Tobacco Company Kaiyang Branch, Guiyang, Guizhou 550300, China
| | - Jin-Shan Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Chang-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
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Guan DL, Chen YZ, Qin YC, Li XD, Deng WA. Chromosomal-Level Reference Genome for the Chinese Endemic Pygmy Grasshopper, Zhengitettix transpicula, Sheds Light on Tetrigidae Evolution and Advancing Conservation Efforts. INSECTS 2024; 15:223. [PMID: 38667352 PMCID: PMC11049975 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The pygmy grasshopper, Zhengitettix transpicula, is a Chinese endemic species with an exceedingly limited distribution and fragile population structure, rendering it vulnerable to extinction. We present a high-continuity, chromosome-scale reference genome assembly to elucidate this species' distinctive biology and inform conservation. Employing an integrated sequencing approach, we achieved a 970.40 Mb assembly with 96.32% coverage across seven pseudo-chromosomes and impressive continuity (N50 > 220 Mb). Genome annotation achieves identification with 99.2% BUSCO completeness, supporting quality. Comparative analyses with 14 genomes from Orthoptera-facilitated phylogenomics and revealed 549 significantly expanded gene families in Z. transpicula associated with metabolism, stress response, and development. However, genomic analysis exposed remarkably low heterozygosity (0.02%), implying a severe genetic bottleneck from small, fragmented populations, characteristic of species vulnerable to extinction from environmental disruptions. Elucidating the genetic basis of population dynamics and specialization provides an imperative guideline for habitat conservation and restoration of this rare organism. Moreover, divergent evolution analysis of the CYP305m2 gene regulating locust aggregation highlighted potential structural and hence functional variations between Acrididae and Tetrigidae. Our chromosomal genomic characterization of Z. transpicula advances Orthopteran resources, establishing a framework for evolutionary developmental explorations and applied conservation genomics, reversing the trajectory of this unique grasshopper lineage towards oblivion.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Long Guan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541006, China; (D.-L.G.); (Y.-C.Q.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China;
| | - Ya-Zhen Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China;
| | - Ying-Can Qin
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541006, China; (D.-L.G.); (Y.-C.Q.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China;
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541006, China; (D.-L.G.); (Y.-C.Q.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China;
| | - Wei-An Deng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541006, China; (D.-L.G.); (Y.-C.Q.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China;
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Llorente L, Aquilino M, Herrero Ó, de la Peña E, Planelló R. Characterization and expression of heat shock and immune genes in natural populations of Prodiamesa olivacea (Diptera) exposed to thermal stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115359. [PMID: 37595349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
This paper characterizes the heat stress response (HSR) and explores the impact of temperatures on the immune response of larvae from two chironomid species, Prodiamesa olivacea and Chironomus riparius. Genes involved in crucial metabolic pathways were de novo identified in P. olivacea: Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsc70, Cdc37, and HSF for the heat stress response (HSR) and TOLL, PGRP, C-type lectin, and JAK/hopscotch for the immune system response (ISR). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to evaluate the expression levels of the selected genes in short-term treatments (up to 120') at high temperatures (35 °C and 39 °C). Exposing P. olivacea to elevated temperatures resulted in HSR induction with increased expression of specific heat shock genes, suggesting the potential of HSPs as early indicators of acute thermal stress. Surprisingly, we found that heat shock represses multiple immune genes, revealing the antagonist relation between the heat shock response and the innate immune response in P. olivacea. Our results also showed species-dependent gene responses, with more significant effects in P. olivacea, for most of the biomarkers studied, demonstrating a higher sensitivity in this species to environmental stress conditions than that of C. riparius. This work shows a multi-species approach that enables a deeper understanding of the effects of heat stress at the molecular level in aquatic dipterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Llorente
- Biology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28232, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Aquilino
- Biology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28232, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain; School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Óscar Herrero
- Biology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28232, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo de la Peña
- Institute for Subtropical and Mediterranean Horticulture (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Finca Experimental La Mayora, Algarrobo-Costa, 29750 Malaga, Spain; Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bio-science Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Rosario Planelló
- Biology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28232, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain.
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Lopes TBF, Aguiar RCM, de Souza RF, Nascimento CC, Dionísio JF, Mantovani MS, Semprebon SC, da Rosa R. Influence of temperature variation on gene expression and cocoon production in Bombyx mori Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 47:101111. [PMID: 37516100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Silkworms (Bombyx mori) are lepidopterans of economic importance for global silk production. However, factors that directly affect the yield and quality of silkworm cocoon production, such as diseases and temperature fluctuations, cause great economic losses. Knowing how they respond to rearing temperature during the most critical stage of their life cycle (i.e., fifth instar) could provide information on their adaptation and improve silk production. In the current work, we analyzed transcriptional data from two groups of B. mori that were reared at 26 °C and 34 °C throughout the fifth instar. The silkworms and cocoons were weighed. In total, 3115 transcripts were differentially expressed (DE; including 1696 down-regulated and 1419 up-regulated) among the 29,157 sequences found by transcriptome assembly. We emphasize the genes associated with immunological response, transcription factors, silk biosynthesis, and heat shock proteins, among the DE transcripts in response to the temperature conditions. Silkworms reared at 34 °C presented a reduced mean body weight (-0.944 g in comparison to the 26 °C group), which had a direct impact on the weight of cocoons formed and the silk conversion rate. These changes were statistically significant when compared to silkworms reared at 26 °C. Mortality rates (6 and 9 %, at 26 °C and 34 °C, respectively) were similar to those obtained in breeding fields. The findings provide information on the biological processes involved in the temperature response mechanism of silkworms, as well as information that may be used in future climatization processes at rearing facilities and in breeding for improved thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayná Bisson Ferraz Lopes
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Entomologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Rachel Colauto Milanezi Aguiar
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Entomologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rogério Fernandes de Souza
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Cristianne Cordeiro Nascimento
- Departamento de Design Gráfico, Centro de Educação, Comunicação e Artes, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline Fernanda Dionísio
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Entomologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mario Sergio Mantovani
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Simone Cristine Semprebon
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Renata da Rosa
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Entomologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Sex dependent transcriptome responses of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. to cold stress. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 45:101053. [PMID: 36527761 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Temperature has fundamental influences on the performance and distribution of insects. While considerable attention has been devoted to extreme conditions, particularly extreme cold conditions, few studies have investigated effects of mild cold conditions on insects. We examined the transcriptomic changes in mid-fourth instar larvae of both sexes reared at 10 °C and 25 °C to investigate sex-dependent responses of Plutella xylostella to mild cold stress. There were 624 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in females, the majority of which (n = 386) were down-regulated. In males 3239 genes were differentially expressed and the majority (n = 2341) were up-regulated. Only 280 DEGs were common to both sexes. In females, there were no DEGs encoding heat shock or cold shock proteins, but six of these DEGs were found in males. These differences suggest that females and males might adopt some different strategies to cope with cold stress and/or that they were affected by rearing under cold conditions to different degrees and in different ways. In addition, DEGs encoding antimicrobial peptides, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, fatty acid-related enzymes, cuticle proteins, myofilament, and hormone-related proteins were found in both sexes under cold stress. The transcriptome study reveals unexpected sex-dependent thermal responses and provides new information of how an insect that does not diapause copes with low temperatures.
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Ferguson LV, Adamo SA. From perplexing to predictive: are we ready to forecast insect disease susceptibility in a warming world? J Exp Biol 2023; 226:288412. [PMID: 36825944 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Insects are critical to our ecosystems, but we do not fully understand their future in our warming world. Rising temperatures are affecting insect physiology in myriad ways, including changes to their immune systems and the ability to fight infection. Whether predicted changes in temperature will contribute to insect mortality or success, and the role of disease in their future survival, remains unclear. Although heat can enhance immunity by activating the integrated defense system (e.g. via the production of protective molecules such as heat-shock proteins) and accelerating enzyme activity, heat can also compromise the immune system through energetic-resource trade-offs and damage. The responses to heat are highly variable among species. The reasons for this variability are poorly known, and we are lagging in our understanding of how and why the immune system responds to changes in temperature. In this Commentary, we highlight the variation in insect immune responses to heat and the likely underlying mechanisms. We suggest that we are currently limited in our ability to predict the effects of rising temperatures on insect immunity and disease susceptibility, largely owing to incomplete information, coupled with a lack of tools for data integration. Moreover, existing data are concentrated on a relatively small number of insect Orders. We provide suggestions for a path towards making more accurate predictions, which will require studies with realistic temperature exposures and housing design, and a greater understanding of both the thermal biology of the immune system and connections between immunity and the physiological responses to heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Ferguson
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Shelley A Adamo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Zhang H, Liu J, Wang H, Fang H, Zhao P, Xia Q, Guo P. Structural insights into the substrate binding of phosphomevalonate kinase from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 150:103849. [PMID: 36209956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphomevalonate kinase (PMK) is an important enzyme involved in the juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis pathway that catalyzes the phosphorylation of mevalonate 5-phosphate into mevalonate 5-diphosphate in the mevalonate pathway. Herein, we report the crystal structure of insect PMK from Bombyx mori (BmPMK) at a resolution of 1.60 Å. The overall structure of BmPMK adopts a compact α/β conformation with two parts: the core and lid regions. The interface between the core and lid regions forms a continuous and negatively charged groove to accommodate the substrates. Using computational simulation combined with site-directed mutagenesis and biochemical analysis, we define the binding mode of BmPMK with the cofactor and the substrate, which provides a structural basis for understanding the catalytic mechanism and the design of inhibitors of PMK. Moreover, BmPMK showed the optimal enzyme activity at pH 8.0, and the optimal temperature was 30 °C, using mevalonate 5-phosphate as the substrate. The expression profiles and kinetic analyses of BmPMK indicated that it plays critical role in the control of JH biosynthesis in silkworms. Collectively, these findings provide a better understanding of the structural and biochemical features of insect PMK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Hanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Huan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Pengchao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Global Profiling of Genes Expressed in the Silk Glands of Philippine-Reared Mulberry Silkworms (Bombyx mori). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13080669. [PMID: 35893024 PMCID: PMC9329738 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
RNA sequencing was used to assemble transcriptome data for Philippine-reared silkworm and compare gene expression profiles of strains reared in high- and low-temperature environments. RNA was isolated from the silk glands of fifth instar larvae and mRNA-enriched libraries were sequenced using Illumina NextSeq 500. Transcriptome reads were assembled using reference-based and de novo assemblers, and assemblies were evaluated using different metrics for transcriptome quality, including the read mapping rate, E90N50, RSEM-eval, and the presence of single-copy orthologs. All transcriptome assemblies were able to reconstruct >40,000 transcripts. Differential expression analysis found 476 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 222 upregulated, 254 downregulated) in strains reared in different temperatures. Among the top DEGs were myrosinase, heat shock proteins, serine protease inhibitors, dehydrogenases, and regulators of the juvenile hormone. Validation of some of the top DEGs using qPCR supported the findings of the in silico analysis. GO term enrichment analysis reveals an overrepresentation of GO terms related to nucleotide metabolism and biosynthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolic processes, regulation of transcription, nucleotide binding, protein binding, metal binding, catalytic activity, oxidoreductase activity, and hydrolase activity. The data provided here will serve as a resource for improving local strains and increasing silk production of Philippine-reared B. mori strains.
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Xu Y, Shi F, Li Y, Zong S, Tao J. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the Hsp gene superfamily in Asian long-horned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 200:583-592. [PMID: 35016971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The environmental adaptability of insects has been a key focus of ecological research. As molecular chaperones, Heat shock proteins (Hsps) play an important role in insect responses to environmental stress. Anoplophora glabripennis is a destructive pest of broad-leaved trees such as poplars. The ability to adapt to low temperature is an important factor for successful colonization of A. glabripennis in new diffusion area. However, the roles of Hsp in the stress responses in A. glabripennis have not been established. In this study, we identified 47 Hsp genes, including 3 Hsp90, 14 Hsp70, 9 Hsp60, and 21 sHsp genes. The Hsp gene family expanded substantially in A. glabripennis. The differences in expression patterns may be related to the type and intensity of stress. Larval overwintering transcriptomes showed that 13 Hsp genes were not induced during overwintering and 21 Hsp genes were involved in the regulation of life activities under non-stress conditions. In a quantitative RT-PCR analysis, AglaHsp90-2 responded more quickly under gradient cooling treatments; AglaHsp90-2 and AglaHsp90-3 were sensitive to treatment at 0 °C for 6 h under instantaneous cooling. Our results provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the molecular mechanism of Hsp genes in A. glabripennis in responsing to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Fengming Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yurong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shixiang Zong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jing Tao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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11
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Jiang L, Xie E, Guo H, Sun Q, Liuli H, Wang Y, Li Q, Xia Q. Heat shock protein 19.9 (Hsp19.9) from Bombyx mori is involved in host protection against viral infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103790. [PMID: 32784012 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adverse environmental conditions cause serious economic losses in sericulture; Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is the primary biotic stress and high temperature is the major abiotic stress in this industry. B. mori heat shock protein 19.9 (Bmhsp19.9) overexpression was previously demonstrated to protect transgenic silkworm H19.9 against extreme temperature. This study analyzed the role of Bmhsp19.9 in H19.9A and H19.9B silkworm lines and BmE cells infected with BmNPV at regular and high temperatures. qPCR results showed that Bmhsp19.9 expression was upregulated in BmE cells and silkworm after BmNPV challenge. Bmhsp19.9 overexpression significantly inhibited BmNPV proliferation in BmE cells. The viral DNA content was significantly decreased in transgenic H19.9 silkworm compared to the control. These results suggested that Bmhsp19.9 was involved in antiviral immunity against BmNPV. Furthermore, Bmhsp19.9 overexpression protected BmE cells against BmNPV under high temperature shock. This indicates that Bmhsp19.9 is a promising candidate for improving silkworm resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, thereby reducing sericulture losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Enyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Haoyu Liuli
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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12
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Jiang L, Wang Y, Guo H, Sun Q, Xie E, Liuli H, Li Q, Xia Q. Toxicological evaluation of transgenic silkworms. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:845-853. [PMID: 33447368 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Safety of transgenic silkworms must be evaluated before their commercial application. We assessed subacute toxicity using a 28-day feeding study in rats. Eighty rats were evenly allocated into four groups, with each group containing 10 male and 10 female rats. Rats of three groups were fed dried transgenic silkworm H19.9A pupae with overexpressed endogenous Bmhsp19.9, transgenic silkworm A4SOR pupae with overexpressed exogenous SOR, or normal silkworm pupae at a dose of 3.0 g/kg/day, respectively. The fourth group served as a normal feeding control. The body weight, feed consumption, hematology response variables, serum biochemical parameters, organ weights, gross necropsy, and histopathologic of animals were evaluated. No mortality, adverse effects, or major differences in the evaluated parameters were observed in the groups fed transgenic pupae in comparison with the control, suggesting that transgenic silkworms are toxicologically equivalent to normal silkworms and are safe for consumption in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Enyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haoyu Liuli
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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13
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Quan PQ, Li MZ, Wang GR, Gu LL, Liu XD. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) to heat acclimation. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:450. [PMID: 32605538 PMCID: PMC7325166 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Güenée is a serious insect pest of rice in Asia. This pest occurs in summer, and it is sensitive to high temperature. However, the larvae exhibit heat acclimation/adaptation. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we established a heat-acclimated strain via multigenerational selection at 39 °C. After heat shock at 41 °C for 1 h, the transcriptomes of the heat-acclimated (S-39) and unacclimated (S-27) larvae were sequenced, using the unacclimated larvae without exposure to 41 °C as the control. Results Five generations of selection at 39 °C led larvae to acclimate to this heat stress. Exposure to 41 °C induced 1160 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the heat-acclimated and unacclimated larvae. Both the heat-acclimated and unacclimated larvae responded to heat stress via upregulating genes related to sensory organ development and structural constituent of eye lens, whereas the unacclimated larvae also upregulated genes related to structural constituent of cuticle. Compared to unacclimated larvae, heat-acclimated larvae downregulated oxidoreductase activity-related genes when encountering heat shock. Both the acclimated and unacclimated larvae adjusted the longevity regulating, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, antigen processing and presentation, MAPK and estrogen signaling pathway to responsed to heat stress. Additionally, the unacclimated larvae also adjusted the spliceosome pathway, whereas the heat-acclimated larvae adjusted the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids pathway when encountering heat stress. Although the heat-acclimated and unacclimated larvae upregulated expression of heat shock protein genes under heat stress including HSP70, HSP27 and CRYAB, their biosynthesis, metabolism and detoxification-related genes expressed differentially. Conclusions The rice leaf folder larvae could acclimate to a high temperature via multigenerational heat selection. The heat-acclimated larvae induced more DEGs to response to heat shock than the unacclimated larvae. The changes in transcript level of genes were related to heat acclimation of larvae, especially these genes in sensory organ development, structural constituent of eye lens, and oxidoreductase activity. The DEGs between heat-acclimated and unacclimated larvae after heat shock were enriched in the biosynthesis and metabolism pathways. These results are helpful to understand the molecular mechanism underlying heat acclimation of insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Qi Quan
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Li
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Gao-Rong Wang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ling-Ling Gu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Liu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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14
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Wang Y, Xie E, Guo H, Sun Q, Xia Q, Jiang L. Overexpression of Bmhsp19.9 protects BmE cells and transgenic silkworm against extreme temperatures. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:1141-1146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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15
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Sun Q, Guo H, Xia Q, Jiang L, Zhao P. Transcriptome analysis of the immune response of silkworm at the early stage of Bombyx mori bidensovirus infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:103601. [PMID: 31899306 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bombyx mori bidensovirus (BmBDV) infects silkworm midgut and causes chronic flacherie disease; however, the interaction between BmBDV and silkworm is unclear. Twenty-four hours after BmBDV infection, the midgut was extracted for RNA-seq to analyze the factors associated with BmBDV-invasion and the early antiviral immune response in silkworms. The total reads from each sample were more than 16100000 and the number of expressed genes exceeded 8200. There were 334 upregulated and 272 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology analysis of DEGs showed that structural constituents of cuticle, antioxidant, and immune system processes were upregulated. Further analysis revealed BmBDV-mediated induction of BmorCPR23 and BmorCPR44, suggesting possible involvement in viral invasion. Antioxidant genes that protect host cells from virus-induced oxidative stress, were significantly upregulated after BmBDV infection. Several genes related to peroxisomes, apoptosis, and autophagy-which may be involved in antiviral immunity-were induced by BmBDV. These results provide insights into the mechanism of BmBDV infection and host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Liang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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16
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Comparative transcriptomic analyses revealed genes and pathways responsive to heat stress in Diaphorina citri. Gene 2020; 727:144246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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17
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Jiang L, Liu W, Guo H, Dang Y, Cheng T, Yang W, Sun Q, Wang B, Wang Y, Xie E, Xia Q. Distinct Functions of Bombyx mori Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 2 in Immune Responses to Bacteria and Viruses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:776. [PMID: 31031766 PMCID: PMC6473039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) is an important pattern recognition receptor in innate immunity that is vital for bacterial recognition and defense in insects. Few studies report the role of PGRP in viral infection. Here we cloned two forms of PGRP from the model lepidopteran Bombyx mori: BmPGRP2-1 is a transmembrane protein, whereas BmPGRP2-2 is an intracellular protein. BmPGRP2-1 bound to diaminopimelic acid (DAP)-type peptidoglycan (PGN) to activate the canonical immune deficiency (Imd) pathway. BmPGRP2-2 knockdown reduced B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) multiplication and mortality in cell lines and in silkworm larvae, while its overexpression increased viral replication. Transcriptome and quantitative PCR (qPCR) results confirmed that BmPGRP2 negatively regulated phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). BmPGRP2-2 expression was induced by BmNPV, and the protein suppressed PTEN-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling to inhibit cell apoptosis, suggesting that BmNPV modulates BmPGRP2-2-PTEN-PI3K/Akt signaling to evade host antiviral defense. These results demonstrate that the two forms of BmPGRP2 have different functions in host responses to bacteria and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jiang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiqiang Liu
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huizhen Guo
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinghui Dang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingcai Cheng
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanying Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Enyu Xie
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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