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Zhang T, Qu H, Zheng W, Zhang Y, Li Y, Pan T, Li J, Yang W, Cao X, Jiang Y, Wang J, Zeng Y, Shi C, Huang H, Wang C, Yang G, Zhang J, Wang N. Oral vaccination with a recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum expressing the Eimeria tenella rhoptry neck 2 protein elicits protective immunity in broiler chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:277. [PMID: 38943202 PMCID: PMC11212160 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06355-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chicken coccidiosis is a protozoan disease that leads to considerable economic losses in the poultry industry. Live oocyst vaccination is currently the most effective measure for the prevention of coccidiosis. However, it provides limited protection with several drawbacks, such as poor immunological protection and potential reversion to virulence. Therefore, the development of effective and safe vaccines against chicken coccidiosis is still urgently needed. METHODS In this study, a novel oral vaccine against Eimeria tenella was developed by constructing a recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum (NC8) strain expressing the E. tenella RON2 protein. We administered recombinant L. plantarum orally at 3, 4 and 5 days of age and again at 17, 18 and 19 days of age. Meanwhile, each chick in the commercial vaccine group was immunized with 3 × 102 live oocysts of coccidia. A total of 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella were inoculated in each chicken at 30 days. Then, the immunoprotection effect was evaluated after E. tenella infection. RESULTS The results showed that the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, the proliferative ability of spleen lymphocytes, inflammatory cytokine levels and specific antibody titers of chicks immunized with recombinant L. plantarum were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The relative body weight gains were increased and the number of oocysts per gram (OPG) was decreased after E. tenella challenge. Moreover, the lesion scores and histopathological cecum sections showed that recombinant L. plantarum can significantly relieve pathological damage in the cecum. The ACI was 170.89 in the recombinant L. plantarum group, which was higher than the 150.14 in the commercial vaccine group. CONCLUSIONS These above results indicate that L. plantarum expressing RON2 improved humoral and cellular immunity and enhanced immunoprotection against E. tenella. The protective efficacy was superior to that of vaccination with the commercial live oocyst vaccine. This study suggests that recombinant L. plantarum expressing the RON2 protein provides a promising strategy for vaccine development against coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hangfan Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yanning Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Tianxu Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Junyi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xin Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yanlong Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chunwei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Haibin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guilian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- College of Foreign Languages, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Sarnelli G, Del Re A, Palenca I, Franzin SB, Lu J, Seguella L, Zilli A, Pesce M, Rurgo S, Esposito G, Sanseverino W, Esposito G. Intranasal administration of Escherichia coli Nissle expressing the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces long-term immunization and prevents spike protein-mediated lung injury in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116441. [PMID: 38518597 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
While current anti-Spike protein (SP) vaccines have been pivotal in managing the pandemic, their limitations in delivery, storage, and the inability to provide mucosal immunization (preventing infections) highlight the ongoing necessity for research and innovation. To tackle these constraints, our research group developed a bacterial-based vaccine using a non-pathogenic E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) strain genetically modified to express the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on its surface (EcN-pAIDA1-SP). We intranasally delivered the EcN-pAIDA1-SP in two doses and checked specific IgG/IgA production as well as the key immune mediators involved in the process. Moreover, following the initial and booster vaccine doses, we exposed both immunized and non-immunized mice to intranasal delivery of SARS-CoV-2 SP to assess the effectiveness of EcN-pAIDA1-SP in protecting lung tissue from the inflammation damage. We observed detectable levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG in serum samples and IgA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid two weeks after the initial treatment, with peak concentrations in the respective samples on the 35th day. Moreover, immunoglobulins displayed a progressively enhanced avidity index, suggesting a selective binding to the spike protein. Finally, the pre-immunized group displayed a decrease in proinflammatory markers (TLR4, NLRP3, ILs) following SP challenge, compared to the non-immunized groups, along with better preservation of tissue morphology. Our probiotic-based technology provides an effective immunobiotic tool to protect individuals against disease and control infection spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Gastroenterology, University Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy; Nextbiomics S.R.L. (Società a Responsabilità Limitata), Naples 80100, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Del Re
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Irene Palenca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Silvia Basili Franzin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Jie Lu
- Nextbiomics S.R.L. (Società a Responsabilità Limitata), Naples 80100, Italy; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Aurora Zilli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Marcella Pesce
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Gastroenterology, University Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Sara Rurgo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Gastroenterology, University Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Nextbiomics S.R.L. (Società a Responsabilità Limitata), Naples 80100, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Centro Ingegneria Genetica-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a rl, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Walter Sanseverino
- Nextbiomics S.R.L. (Società a Responsabilità Limitata), Naples 80100, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Nextbiomics S.R.L. (Società a Responsabilità Limitata), Naples 80100, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
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Debnath N, Yadav P, Mehta PK, Gupta P, Kumar D, Kumar A, Gautam V, Yadav AK. Designer probiotics: Opening the new horizon in diagnosis and prevention of human diseases. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:100-117. [PMID: 37881101 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic microorganisms have been used for therapeutic purposes for over a century, and recent advances in biotechnology and genetic engineering have opened up new possibilities for developing therapeutic approaches using indigenous probiotic microorganisms. Diseases are often related to metabolic and immunological factors, which play a critical role in their onset. With the help of advanced genetic tools, probiotics can be modified to produce or secrete important therapeutic peptides directly into mucosal sites, increasing their effectiveness. One potential approach to enhancing human health is through the use of designer probiotics, which possess immunogenic characteristics. These genetically engineered probiotics hold promise in providing novel therapeutic options. In addition to their immunogenic properties, designer probiotics can also be equipped with sensors and genetic circuits, enabling them to detect a range of diseases with remarkable precision. Such capabilities may significantly advance disease diagnosis and management. Furthermore, designer probiotics have the potential to be used in diagnostic applications, offering a less invasive and more cost-effective alternative to conventional diagnostic techniques. This review offers an overview of the different functional aspects of the designer probiotics and their effectiveness on different diseases and also, we have emphasized their limitations and future implications. A comprehensive understanding of these functional attributes may pave the way for new avenues of prevention and the development of effective therapies for a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabendu Debnath
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Praveen K Mehta
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok K Yadav
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India
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4
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Kazemi D, Doosti A, Shakhsi-Niaei M. Immunization of BALB/c mice with BAB1-0278: An initial investigation of a novel potential vaccine for brucellosis based on Lactococcus Lactis vector. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106417. [PMID: 37866552 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The gram-negative intracellular bacterium Brucella abortus causes bovine brucellosis, a zoonotic disease that costs a lot of money. This work developed a vector vaccine against brucellosis utilizing recombinant L. lactis expressing Brucella outer membrane protein BAB1-0278. Gene sequences were obtained from GenBank. The proteins' immunogenicity was tested with Vaxijen. The target vector was converted into L. lactis after enzymatic digestion and PCR validated the BAB1-0278 gene cloning in the pNZ8148 vector. The target protein was extracted using a Ni-NTA column and confirmed using SDS-PAGE and western blot. After vaccination with the target vaccine, the expression of IgG subclasses was evaluated by the ELISA method. Cytokine production was also measured by the qPCR method in the small intestine and spleen. Lymphocyte proliferation and innate immune response (NLR, CRP, and PLR) were also assessed. Finally, after the challenge test, the spleen tissue was examined by H&E staining. BAB1-0278 was chosen because of its antigenicity score of 0.5614. A 237-bp gene fragment was discovered using enzymatic digestion and PCR. The presence of a 13 kDa protein band was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blot. In comparison to the PBS group, mice given the L. lactis-pNZ8148-BAB1-0278-Usp45 vaccine 14 days after priming had substantially greater levels of total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a (P < 0.001). Also, the production of cytokines (IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-4, and IL-10) indicating cellular immunity increased compared to the control group (P < 0.001). The target group had a lower inflammatory response, morphological impairment, alveolar edema, and lymphocyte infiltration. An efficient probiotic-based oral brucellosis vaccination was created. These studies have proven that the recommended immunization gives the best protection, which supports its promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donya Kazemi
- Department of Biology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Abbas Doosti
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Shakhsi-Niaei
- Department of Biology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
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5
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Liu Q, Huo X, Tian Q, Wang P, Zhao F, Yang C, Su J. The oral antigen-adjuvant fusion vaccine P-MCP-FlaC provides effective protective effect against largemouth bass ranavirus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109179. [PMID: 37863125 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV) is highly contagious and lethal to largemouth bass, causing significant economic losses to the aquaculture industry. Oral vaccination is generally considered the most ideal strategy for protecting fish from viral infection. In this study, the fusion protein MCP-FlaC, consisting of the main capsid protein (MCP) as the antigen and flagellin C (FlaC) as the adjuvant, was intracellularly expressed in Pichia pastoris. Subsequently, the recombinant P. pastoris was freeze-dried to prepare the oral vaccine P-MCP-FlaC. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the morphology and structure of the freeze-dried recombinant P. pastoris vaccine remained intact. The experiment fish (n = 100) was divided into five groups (P-MCP-FlaC, P-MCP, P-FlaC, P-pPIC3.5K, control) to evaluate the protective efficacy of the recombinant vaccine. Oral P-MCP-FlaC vaccine effectively up-regulated the serum enzymes activity (total superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, total antioxidant capacity, and complement component 3). The survival rate of P-MCP-FlaC group was significantly higher than that of the other groups. The mRNA expression of crucial immune genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, MHC-II, IFN-γ, Mx, IgM, IgT) was also signally elevated in P-MCP-FlaC group. Vaccine P-MCP-FlaC markedly inhibited the replication of LMBV in the spleen, head kidney, and intestine, while reducing the degree of lesion in the spleen. These results suggest that the oral P-MCP-FlaC vaccine could effectively control LMBV infection, proving an effective strategy for viral diseases prevention in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xingchen Huo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qingqing Tian
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pengxu Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fengxia Zhao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Chan BCL, Li P, Tsang MSM, Sung JCC, Kwong KWY, Zheng T, Hon SSM, Lau CP, Cheng W, Chen F, Lau CBS, Leung PC, Wong CK. Creating a Vaccine-like Supplement against Respiratory Infection Using Recombinant Bacillus subtilis Spores Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with Natural Products. Molecules 2023; 28:4996. [PMID: 37446658 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective method of combating COVID-19 infection, but people with a psychological fear of needles and side effects are hesitant to receive the current vaccination, and alternative delivery methods may help. Bacillus subtilis, a harmless intestinal commensal, has recently earned a strong reputation as a vaccine production host and delivery vector, with advantages such as low cost, safety for human consumption, and straightforward oral administration. In this study, we have succeeded generating "S spores" by engineering B. subtilis with spore coat proteins resembling the spike (S) protein of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. With the addition of two immunostimulating natural products as adjuvants, namely Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge (AM) and Coriolus versicolor (CV), oral administration of S spores could elicit mild immune responses against COVID-19 infection without toxicity. Mucosal IgA against the S protein was enhanced by co-feeding with AM and CV in an S spores-inoculated mouse model. Faster and stronger IgG responses against the S protein were observed when the mice were fed with S spores prior to vaccination with the commercial COVID-19 vaccine CoronaVac. In vitro studies demonstrated that AM, CV, and B. subtilis spores could dose-dependently activate both macrophages and dendritic cells by secreting innate immunity-related IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and some other proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines. In conclusion, the combination of S spores with AM and CV may be helpful in developing a vaccine-like supplement against respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Chung-Lap Chan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peiting Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miranda Sin-Man Tsang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | | | | | - Tao Zheng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sharon Sze-Man Hon
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching-Po Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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7
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MatRahim NA, Jones KM, Keegan BP, Strych U, Zhan B, Lee HY, AbuBakar S. TonB-Dependent Receptor Protein Displayed on Spores of Bacillus subtilis Stimulates Protective Immune Responses against Acinetobacter baumannii. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1106. [PMID: 37376495 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains with limited treatment options has become a significant global health concern. Efforts to develop vaccines against the bacteria have centred on several potential protein targets, including the TonB-dependent receptors (TBDRs). In the present study, TBDRs from A. baumannii were displayed on the surface of Bacillus subtilis spores. The immunogenicity of the recombinant spores was evaluated in orally vaccinated mice. None of the immunized mice demonstrated signs of illness and were observed to be healthy throughout the study. Sera and the intestinal secretions from the recombinant spores-treated mice demonstrated mucosal and humoral antibody responses to the vaccine antigen. In addition, bactericidal activities of the sera against A. baumannii clinical isolates were demonstrated. These observations suggest that the B. subtilis spore-displayed TBDRs should be further explored as much-needed potential oral vaccine candidates against A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor-Aziyah MatRahim
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Virology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Kathryn Marie Jones
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian P Keegan
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ulrich Strych
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bin Zhan
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hai-Yen Lee
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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8
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Sarnelli G, Del Re A, Pesce M, Lu J, Esposito G, Sanseverino W, Corpetti C, Basili Franzin S, Seguella L, Palenca I, Rurgo S, De Palma FDE, Zilli A, Esposito G. Oral Immunization with Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induces Mucosal and Systemic Antibody Responses in Mice. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030569. [PMID: 36979504 PMCID: PMC10046078 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As of October 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose a major public health conundrum, with increased rates of symptomatic infections in vaccinated individuals. An ideal vaccine candidate for the prevention of outbreaks should be rapidly scalable, easy to administer, and able to elicit a potent mucosal immunity. Towards this aim, we proposed an engineered Escherichia coli (E. coli) Nissle 1917 (EcN) strain with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP)-coding plasmid, which was able to expose SP on its cellular surface by a hybridization with the adhesin involved in diffuse adherence 1 (AIDA1). In this study, we presented the effectiveness of a 16-week intragastrically administered, engineered EcN in producing specific systemic and mucosal immunoglobulins against SARS-CoV-2 SP in mice. We observed a time-dependent increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 SP IgG antibodies in the sera at week 4, with a titre that more than doubled by week 12 and a stable circulating titre by week 16 (+309% and +325% vs. control; both p < 0.001). A parallel rise in mucosal IgA antibody titre in stools, measured via intestinal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of the treated mice, reached a plateau by week 12 and until the end of the immunization protocol (+300, +47, and +150%, at week 16; all p < 0.001 vs. controls). If confirmed in animal models of infection, our data indicated that the engineered EcN may be a potential candidate as an oral vaccine against COVID-19. It is safe, inexpensive, and, most importantly, able to stimulate the production of both systemic and mucosal anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Gastroenterology, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Nextbiomics S.R.L. (Società a Responsabilità Limitata), 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Re
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Pesce
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Gastroenterology, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Jie Lu
- Nextbiomics S.R.L. (Società a Responsabilità Limitata), 80100 Naples, Italy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Nextbiomics S.R.L. (Società a Responsabilità Limitata), 80100 Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Centro Ingegneria Genetica-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a rl, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Walter Sanseverino
- Nextbiomics S.R.L. (Società a Responsabilità Limitata), 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Corpetti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Basili Franzin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Palenca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Rurgo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Gastroenterology, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fatima Domenica Elisa De Palma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Centro Ingegneria Genetica-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a rl, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Aurora Zilli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Nextbiomics S.R.L. (Società a Responsabilità Limitata), 80100 Naples, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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9
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Gonçalves G, Santos RA, Coutinho F, Pedrosa N, Curado M, Machado M, Costas B, Bonneville L, Serrano M, Carvalho AP, Díaz-Rosales P, Oliva-Teles A, Couto A, Serra CR. Oral vaccination of fish against vibriosis using spore-display technology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1012301. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral vaccines are highly demanded by the aquaculture sector, to allow mass delivery of antigens without using the expensive and labor-intensive injectable vaccines. These later require individual handling of fish, provoking stress-related mortalities.One possible strategy to create injection-free vaccine delivery vehicles is the use of bacterial spores, extremely resistant structures with wide biotechnological applications, including as probiotics, display systems, or adjuvants. Bacterial spores, in particular those of Bacillus subtilis, have been shown to behave as mucosal vaccine adjuvants in mice models. However, such technology has not been extensively explored against fish bacterial disease.In this study, we used a laboratory strain of B. subtilis, for which a variety of genetic manipulation tools are available, to display at its spores surface either a Vibrio antigenic protein, OmpK, or the green fluorescence protein, GFP. When previously vaccinated by immersion with the OmpK- carrying spores, zebrafish survival upon a bacterial challenge with V. anguillarum and V. parahaemolyticus, increased up to 50 - 90% depending on the pathogen targeted. Further, we were able to detect anti-GFP-antibodies in the serum of European seabass juveniles fed diets containing the GFP-carrying spores and anti-V. anguillarum antibodies in the serum of European seabass juveniles fed the OmpK-carrying spores containing diet. More important, seabass survival was increased from 60 to 86% when previously orally vaccinated with in-feed OmpK- carrying spores. Our results indicate that B. subtilis spores can effectively be used as antigen-carriers for oral vaccine delivery in fish.
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10
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Singh S, Singh M, Gaur S. Probiotics as multifaceted oral vaccines against colon cancer: A review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1002674. [PMID: 36263037 PMCID: PMC9573965 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are known as the live microorganisms that, upon adequate administration, elicit a health beneficial response inside the host. The probiotics are known as immunomodulators and exhibit anti-tumor properties. Advanced research has explored the potential use of probiotics as the oral vaccines without the latent risks of pathogenicity. Probiotic-based oral vaccines are known to induce mucosal immunity that prevents the host from several enteric infections. Probiotic bacteria have the ability to produce metabolites in the form of anti-inflammatory cytokines, which play an important role in the prevention of carcinogenesis and in the activation of the phagocytes that eliminate the preliminary stage cancer cells. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using the oral probiotic vaccines as well as the mechanism of action of probiotics in colon cancer therapy. This review also employs the use of “PROBIO” database for selecting certain probiotics with immunomodulatory properties. Furthermore, the use of several probiotic bacteria as anti-colon cancer adjuvants has also been discussed in detail. Because the current studies and trials are more focused on using the attenuated pathogens instead of using the probiotic-based vaccines, future studies must involve the advanced research in exploiting the potential of several probiotic strains as adjuvants in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhi Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Smriti Gaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
- *Correspondence: Smriti Gaur,
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11
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Docando F, Nuñez-Ortiz N, Gonçalves G, Serra CR, Gomez-Casado E, Martín D, Abós B, Oliva-Teles A, Tafalla C, Díaz-Rosales P. Bacillus subtilis Expressing the Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus VP2 Protein Retains Its Immunostimulatory Properties and Induces a Specific Antibody Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:888311. [PMID: 35720351 PMCID: PMC9198257 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.888311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis has been documented in the past years as an effective probiotic for different aquacultured species, with recognized beneficial effects on water quality, fish growth and immune status. Furthermore, its potential as a vaccine adjuvant has also been explored in different species. In the current work, we have used B. subtilis spores as delivery vehicles for the presentation of the VP2 protein from infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). For this, the VP2 gene was amplified and translationally fused to the crust protein CotY. The successful expression of VP2 on the spores was confirmed by Western blot. We then compared the immunostimulatory potential of this VP2-expressing strain (CRS208) to that of the original B. subtilis strain (168) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) leukocytes obtained from spleen, head kidney and the peritoneal cavity. Our results demonstrated that both strains significantly increased the percentage of IgM+ B cells and the number of IgM-secreting cells in all leukocyte cultures. Both strains also induced the transcription of a wide range of immune genes in these cultures, with small differences between them. Importantly, specific anti-IPNV antibodies were detected in fish intraperitoneally or orally vaccinated with the CRS208 strain. Altogether, our results demonstrate B. subtilis spores expressing foreign viral proteins retain their immunomodulatory potential while inducing a significant antibody response, thus constituting a promising vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Docando
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Agricultural and Food Research and Technology Institute (INIA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Nuñez-Ortiz
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Agricultural and Food Research and Technology Institute (INIA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriela Gonçalves
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia R Serra
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Gomez-Casado
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agricultural and Food Research and Technology Institute (INIA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Martín
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Agricultural and Food Research and Technology Institute (INIA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Abós
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Agricultural and Food Research and Technology Institute (INIA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Agricultural and Food Research and Technology Institute (INIA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Díaz-Rosales
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Agricultural and Food Research and Technology Institute (INIA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Mishra J, Stubbs M, Kuang L, Vara N, Kumar P, Kumar N. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapeutics: A Focus on Probiotic Engineering. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:9621668. [PMID: 35082553 PMCID: PMC8786545 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9621668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of gastrointestinal (GI) tract with dysregulated mucosal immune functions and disturbed commensal ecosystem of the intestinal lumen. IBD is categorized into two major subsets: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Though advent of biologics has shifted the treatment with relatively longer remission compared to small molecule pharmaceuticals, patients still suffer from long-term complications. Since gut-microbiome is now accepted as another human organ holding potential for long-lasting human health, probiotics, and its engineering hold great promises to treat several previously untreatable chronic inflammatory conditions including IBD. Several emerging biological engineering tools have unlimited potential to manipulate probiotic bacterial system. These can produce useful therapeutic biologics with a goal to either ameliorate and/or treat previously untreatable chronic inflammatory conditions. As gut-microbiome is diverse and vary in different ethnic, geographic, and cultural human population, it will be important to develop vision for personalized probiotic treatment and develop the technology thereof to make personalized probiotic options a reality. The aim of this review paper is to present an overview of the current knowledge on both pharmacological and nonpharmacological IBD treatment modalities with a special emphasis on probiotic strains that are developed through the probiotic engineering. These engineered probiotics contain the most anti-inflammatory cytokines found within the human immune response and are currently being used to treat the intestinal inflammation in IBD for the IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshree Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Madyson Stubbs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Longxiang Kuang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Nitza Vara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Priyam Kumar
- Santa Gertrudis Academy High School, Kingsville, Texas, USA
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
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13
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Fantini MCDA, Oliveira CLP, Lopes JLDS, Martins TDS, Akamatsu MA, Trezena AG, Franco MTD, Botosso VF, Sant’Anna OABE, Kardjilov N, Rasmussen MK, Bordallo HN. Using crystallography tools to improve vaccine formulations. IUCRJ 2022; 9:11-20. [PMID: 35059205 PMCID: PMC8733884 DOI: 10.1107/s205225252101071x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This article summarizes developments attained in oral vaccine formulations based on the encapsulation of antigen proteins inside porous silica matrices. These vaccine vehicles show great efficacy in protecting the proteins from the harsh acidic stomach medium, allowing the Peyer's patches in the small intestine to be reached and consequently enhancing immunity. Focusing on the pioneering research conducted at the Butantan Institute in Brazil, the optimization of the antigen encapsulation yield is reported, as well as their distribution inside the meso- and macroporous network of the porous silica. As the development of vaccines requires proper inclusion of antigens in the antibody cells, X-ray crystallography is one of the most commonly used techniques to unveil the structure of antibody-combining sites with protein antigens. Thus structural characterization and modelling of pure antigen structures, showing different dimensions, as well as their complexes, such as silica with encapsulated hepatitis B virus-like particles and diphtheria anatoxin, were performed using small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray phase contrast tomography, and neutron and X-ray imaging. By combining crystallography with dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, a clearer picture of the proposed vaccine complexes is shown. Additionally, the stability of the immunogenic complex at different pH values and temperatures was checked and the efficacy of the proposed oral immunogenic complex was demonstrated. The latter was obtained by comparing the antibodies in mice with variable high and low antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tereza da Silva Martins
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, 2o andar, Diadema, SP 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Milena Apetito Akamatsu
- Bioindustrial Center, Butantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Aryene Góes Trezena
- Immunogenetic Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Milene Tino-De- Franco
- Immunogenetic Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Viviane Fongaro Botosso
- Virology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil
| | | | - Nikolay Kardjilov
- HZB für Materialien und Energie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Heloísa Nunes Bordallo
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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14
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Could Probiotics and Postbiotics Function as "Silver Bullet" in the Post-COVID-19 Era? Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1499-1507. [PMID: 34386940 PMCID: PMC8360758 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We are currently experiencing the realities of the most severe pandemic within living memory, with major impacts on the health and economic well-being of our planet. The scientific community has demonstrated an unprecedented mobilization capability, with the rapid development of vaccines and drugs targeting the protection of human life and palliative measures for infected individuals. However, are we adequately prepared for ongoing defense against COVID-19 and its variants in the post-pandemic world? Moreover, are we equipped to provide a satisfactory quality of life for individuals who are recovering from COVID-19 disease? What are the possibilities for the acceleration of the recovery process? Here, we give special consideration to the potential and already-demonstrated role of probiotics and traditional medical approaches to the management of current and potential future encounters with our major virus adversaries.
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15
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Fei Y, Chen Z, Han S, Zhang S, Zhang T, Lu Y, Berglund B, Xiao H, Li L, Yao M. Role of prebiotics in enhancing the function of next-generation probiotics in gut microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1037-1054. [PMID: 34323634 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1958744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With the development of high-throughput DNA sequencing and molecular analysis technologies, next-generation probiotics (NGPs) are increasingly gaining attention as live bacterial therapeutics for treatment of diseases. However, compared to traditional probiotics, NGPs are much more vulnerable to the harsh conditions in the human gastrointestinal tract, and their functional mechanisms in the gut are more complex. Prebiotics have been confirmed to play a critical role in improving the function and viability of traditional probiotics. Defined as substrates that are selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit, prebiotics are also important for NGPs. This review summarizes potential prebiotics for use with NGPs and clarifies their characteristics and functional mechanisms. Then we particularly focus on illustrating the protective effects of various prebiotics by enhancing the antioxidant capacity and their resistance to digestive fluids. We also elucidate the role of prebiotics in regulating anti-bacterial effects, intestinal barrier maintenance, and cross-feeding mechanisms of NPGs. With the expanding range of candidate NGPs and prebiotic substrates, more studies need to be conducted to comprehensively elucidate the interactions between prebiotics and NGPs outside and inside hosts, in order to boost their nutritional and healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Fei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuobing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyi Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianfang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Björn Berglund
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingfei Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Oh SH, Kim SH, Jeon JH, Kim EB, Lee NK, Beck S, Choi YJ, Kang SK. Cytoplasmic expression of a model antigen with M Cell-Targeting moiety in lactic acid bacteria and implication of the mechanism as a mucosal vaccine via oral route. Vaccine 2021; 39:4072-4081. [PMID: 34127296 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been widely studied as mucosal vaccine delivery carriers against many infectious diseases for heterologous expression of protein antigens. There are three antigen expression strategies for LAB: cytoplasmic expression (CE), cell surface display (SD), and extracellular secretion (ES). Despite the generally higher protein expression level and many observations of antigen-specific immunogenicity in CE, its application as a mucosal vaccine has been overlooked relative to SD and ES because of the antigens enclosed by the LAB cell wall. We hypothesized that the antigens in CE could be released from the LAB into the intestinal lumen before host bacterial access to gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), which could contribute to antigen-specific immune responses after oral administration. To elucidate this hypothesis, three recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) strains were constructed to produce a model antigen, BmpB, with or without an M cell-targeting moiety, and their immunogenicities were analyzed comparatively as oral vaccines in mouse model. The data indicated that the recombinant LPs producing BmpBs with different conformations could induce mucosal immunity differentially. This suggests that the cytoplasmic antigens in LAB could be released into the intestinal lumen, subsequently translocated through M cells, and stimulate the GALT to generate antigen-specific immune responses. Therefore, the CE strategy has great potential, especially in the application of oral LAB vaccines as well as SD and ES strategies. This research provides a better understanding of the mechanism for recombinant oral LAB vaccines and gives insight to the future design of LAB vaccines and oral delivery applications for useful therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Ho Oh
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Jeon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bae Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Kyung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Samuel Beck
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun 25354, Republic of Korea; Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun 25354, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Galen JE, Wahid R, Buskirk AD. Strategies for Enhancement of Live-Attenuated Salmonella-Based Carrier Vaccine Immunogenicity. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:162. [PMID: 33671124 PMCID: PMC7923097 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of live-attenuated bacterial vaccines as carriers for the mucosal delivery of foreign antigens to stimulate the mucosal immune system was first proposed over three decades ago. This novel strategy aimed to induce immunity against at least two distinct pathogens using a single bivalent carrier vaccine. It was first tested using a live-attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain in clinical trials in 1984, with excellent humoral immune responses against the carrier strain but only modest responses elicited against the foreign antigen. Since then, clinical trials with additional Salmonella-based carrier vaccines have been conducted. As with the original trial, only modest foreign antigen-specific immunity was achieved in most cases, despite the incorporation of incremental improvements in antigen expression technologies and carrier design over the years. In this review, we will attempt to deconstruct carrier vaccine immunogenicity in humans by examining the basis of bacterial immunity in the human gastrointestinal tract and how the gut detects and responds to pathogens versus benign commensal organisms. Carrier vaccine design will then be explored to determine the feasibility of retaining as many characteristics of a pathogen as possible to elicit robust carrier and foreign antigen-specific immunity, while avoiding over-stimulation of unacceptably reactogenic inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Galen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Rezwanul Wahid
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Amanda D. Buskirk
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Office of Process and Facilities, Division of Microbiology Assessment II, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA;
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18
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Sahoo A, Mandal AK, Dwivedi K, Kumar V. A cross talk between the immunization and edible vaccine: Current challenges and future prospects. Life Sci 2020; 261:118343. [PMID: 32858038 PMCID: PMC7449231 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is well known that immune system is highly specific to protect the body against various environmental pathogens. The concept of conventional vaccination has overcome the pandemic situation of several infectious diseases outbreak. AREA COVERED The recent idea of immunization through oral route (edible vaccine) is vital alternatives over conventional vaccines. Edible vaccines are composed of antigenic protein introduced into the plant cells which induce these altered plants to produce the encoded protein. Edible vaccine has no way of forming infection and safety is assured as it only composed of antigenic protein and is devoid of pathogenic genes. Edible vaccines have significant role in stimulating mucosal immunity as they come in contact with digestive tract lining. They are safe, cost-effective, easy-to-administer and have reduced manufacturing cost hence have a dramatic impact on health care in developing countries. EXPERT OPINION The edible vaccine might be the solution for the potential hazard associated with the parenteral vaccines. In this review we discuss the detailed study of pros, cons, mechanism of immune stimulation, various outbreaks that might be controlled by edible vaccines with the possible future research and applied application of edible vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Shalom Institute of Health and Allied Sciences, Sam Higgbottom University of Agriculture Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Shalom Institute of Health and Allied Sciences, Sam Higgbottom University of Agriculture Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India
| | - Khusbu Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shambhunath Institute of Pharmacy Jhalwa, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211015, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Shalom Institute of Health and Allied Sciences, Sam Higgbottom University of Agriculture Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India.
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Construction and evaluation of recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum NC8 delivering one single or two copies of G protein fused with a DC-targeting peptide (DCpep) as novel oral rabies vaccine. Vet Microbiol 2020; 251:108906. [PMID: 33160196 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rabies remains an important public health threat in most developing countries. To develop a more effective and safe oral vaccine against rabies, we constructed recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum NC8 carrying one or two copies of the G gene with a dendritic cell-targeting peptide (DCpep) fused at the C-terminal designated NC8-pSIP409-sRVG or NC8-pSIP409-dRVG, respectively. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum against RABV were evaluated by oral administration in a mouse model. The results showed that recombinant NC8-pSIP409-dRVG possessed more G protein, resulting in more functional maturation of DCs. After three cycle of oral immunization, NC8-pSIP409-dRVG induced significantly higher levels of specific IgG antibody and mixed Th1/Th2 with a strong Th1-biasd immune response in mice. Most importantly, although the titers of RABV neutralizing antibody (VNA) were below the threshold of 0.5 IU/mL, the NC8-pSIP409-dRVG could protect 60 % of inoculated mice against lethal RABV challenge. These data reveal that recombinant NC8-pSIP409-dRVG may be a novel and promising oral vaccine candidate to prevent and control of animal rabies.
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20
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Engineering probiotics for therapeutic applications: recent examples and translational outlook. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 65:171-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Mojgani N, Shahali Y, Dadar M. Immune modulatory capacity of probiotic lactic acid bacteria and applications in vaccine development. Benef Microbes 2020; 11:213-226. [PMID: 32216470 DOI: 10.3920/bm2019.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most important prevention tools providing protection against infectious diseases especially in children below the age of five. According to estimates, more than 5 million lives are saved annually by the implementation of six standard vaccines, including diphtheria, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenza type b, polio, tetanus and yellow fever. Despite these efforts, we are faced with challenges in developing countries where increasing population and increasing disease burden and difficulties in vaccine coverage and delivery cause significant morbidity and mortality. Additionally, the high cost of these vaccines is also one of the causes for inappropriate and inadequate vaccinations in these regions. Thus, developing cost-effective vaccine strategies that could provide a stronger immune response with reduced vaccination schedules and maximum coverage is of critical importance. In last decade, different approaches have been investigated; among which live bacterial vaccines have been the focus of attention. In this regard, probiotic lactic acid bacteria have been extensively studied as safe and effective vaccine candidates. These microorganisms represent the largest group of probiotic bacteria in the intestine and are generally recognised as safe (GRAS) bacteria. They have also attracted attention due to their immunomodulatory actions and their effective role as novel vaccine adjuvants. A significant property of these bacteria is their ability to mimic natural infections, while intrinsically possessing mucosal adjuvant properties. Additionally, as live bacterial vaccines are administered orally or nasally, they have higher acceptance and better safety, but also avoid the risk of contamination due to needles and syringes. In this review, we emphasise the role of probiotic Lactobacillus strains as putative oral vaccine carriers and novel vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mojgani
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 31975/148, Karaj, Iran
| | - Y Shahali
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 31975/148, Karaj, Iran
| | - M Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 31975/148, Karaj, Iran
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Ou B, Jiang B, Jin D, Yang Y, Zhang M, Zhang D, Zhao H, Xu M, Song H, Wu W, Chen M, Lu T, Huang J, Seo H, Garcia C, Zheng W, Guo W, Lu Y, Jiang Y, Yang S, Kaushik RS, Li X, Zhang W, Zhu G. Engineered Recombinant Escherichia coli Probiotic Strains Integrated with F4 and F18 Fimbriae Cluster Genes in the Chromosome and Their Assessment of Immunogenic Efficacy in Vivo. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:412-426. [PMID: 31944664 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
F4 (K88) and F18 fimbriaed enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are the predominant causes of porcine postweaning diarrhea (PWD), and vaccines are considered the most effective preventive approach against PWD. Since heterologous DNA integrated into bacterial chromosomes could be effectively expressed with stable inheritance, we chose probiotic EcNc (E. coli Nissle 1917 prototype cured of cryptic plasmids) as a delivery vector to express the heterologous F4 or both F4 and F18 fimbriae and sequentially assessed their immune efficacy of anti-F4 and F18 fimbriae in both murine and piglet models. Employing the CRISPR-cas9 technology, yjcS, pcadA, lacZ, yieN/trkD, maeB, and nth/tppB sites in the chromosome of an EcNc strain were targeted as integration sites to integrate F4 or F18 fimbriae cluster genes under the Ptet promotor to construct two recombinant integration probiotic strains (RIPSs), i.e., nth integration strain (EcNcΔnth/tppB::PtetF4) and multiple integration strain (EcNc::PtetF18x4::PtetF4x2). Expression of F4, both F4 and F18 fimbriae on the surfaces of two RIPSs, was verified with combined methods of agglutination assay, Western blot, and immunofluorescence microscopy. The recombinant strains have improved adherence to porcine intestinal epithelial cell lines. Mice and piglets immunized with the nth integration strain and multiple integration strain through gavage developed anti-F4 and both anti-F4 and anti-F18 IgG immune responses. Moreover, the serum antibodies from the immunized mice and piglets significantly inhibited the adherence of F4+ or both F4+ and F18+ ETEC wild-type strains to porcine intestinal cell lines in vitro, indicating the potential of RIPSs as promising probiotic strains plus vaccine candidates against F4+/F18+ ETEC infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingming Ou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- College of Life Science, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Boyu Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Duo Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Minyu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haizhou Zhao
- College of Life Science, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
| | - Mengxian Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haoliang Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenwen Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ti Lu
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jiachen Huang
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Hyesuk Seo
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, United States
| | - Carolina Garcia
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Wanglong Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Weiyi Guo
- College of Life Science, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
| | - Yinhua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Radhey S. Kaushik
- Biology and Microbiology Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Xinchang Li
- College of Life Science, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, United States
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Vilander AC, Dean GA. Adjuvant Strategies for Lactic Acid Bacterial Mucosal Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040150. [PMID: 31623188 PMCID: PMC6963626 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are Gram-positive, acid-tolerant bacteria that have long been used in food fermentation and are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). LAB are a part of a normal microbiome and act as probiotics, improving the gastrointestinal microbiome and health when consumed. An increasing body of research has shown the importance of the microbiome on both mucosal immune heath and immune response to pathogens and oral vaccines. Currently, there are few approved mucosal vaccines, and most are attenuated viruses or bacteria, which necessitates cold chain, carries the risk of reversion to virulence, and can have limited efficacy in individuals with poor mucosal health. On account of these limitations, new types of mucosal vaccine vectors are necessary. There has been increasing interest and success in developing recombinant LAB as next generation mucosal vaccine vectors due to their natural acid and bile resistance, stability at room temperature, endogenous activation of innate and adaptive immune responses, and the development of molecular techniques that allow for manipulation of their genomes. To enhance the immunogenicity of these LAB vaccines, numerous adjuvant strategies have been successfully employed. Here, we review these adjuvant strategies and their mechanisms of action which include: Toll-like receptor ligands, secretion of bacterial toxins, secretion of cytokines, direct delivery to antigen presenting cells, and enterocyte targeting. The ability to increase the immune response to LAB vaccines gives them the potential to be powerful mucosal vaccine vectors against mucosal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Vilander
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Gregg A Dean
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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