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Núñez D, Oyarzún P, González S, Martínez I. Toward biomanufacturing of next-generation bacterial nanocellulose (BNC)-based materials with tailored properties: A review on genetic engineering approaches. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 74:108390. [PMID: 38823654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a biopolymer that is drawing significant attention for a wide range of applications thanks to its unique structure and excellent properties, such as high purity, mechanical strength, high water holding capacity and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, the biomanufacturing of BNC is hindered due to its low yield, the instability of microbial strains and cost limitations that prevent it from being mass-produced on a large scale. Various approaches have been developed to address these problems by genetically modifying strains and to produce BNC-based biomaterials with added value. These works are summarized and discussed in the present article, which include the overexpression and knockout of genes related and not related with the nanocellulose biosynthetic operon, the application of synthetic biology approaches and CRISPR/Cas techniques to modulate BNC biosynthesis. Further discussion is provided on functionalized BNC-based biomaterials with tailored properties that are incorporated in-vivo during its biosynthesis using genetically modified strains either in single or co-culture systems (in-vivo manufacturing). This novel strategy holds potential to open the road toward cost-effective production processes and to find novel applications in a variety of technology and industrial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariela Núñez
- Departamento de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Patricio Oyarzún
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción 4080871, Chile
| | - Sebastián González
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Materiales Avanzados, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Ribera 2850, Concepción, Chile
| | - Irene Martínez
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile; Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile.
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Ryngajłło M, Cielecka I, Daroch M. Complete genome sequence and transcriptome response to vitamin C supplementation of Novacetimonas hansenii SI1 - producer of highly-stretchable cellulose. N Biotechnol 2024; 81:57-68. [PMID: 38531507 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Novacetimonas hansenii SI1, previously known as Komagataeibacter hansenii, produces bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) with unique ability to stretch. The addition of vitamin C in the culture medium increases the porosity of the membranes and their stretchability making them highly moldable. To better understand the genetic background of this strain, we obtained its complete genome sequence using a hybrid sequencing and assembly strategy. We described the functional regions in the genome which are important for the synthesis of BNC and acetan-like II polymer. We next investigated the effect of 1% vitamin C supplementation on the global gene expression profile using RNA sequencing. Our transcriptomic readouts imply that vitamin C functions mainly as a reducing agent. We found that the changes in cellular redox status are balanced by strong repression of the sulfur assimilation pathway. Moreover, in the reduced conditions, glucose oxidation is decreased and alternative pathways for energy generation, such as acetate accumulation, are activated. The presence of vitamin C negatively influences acetan-like II polymer biosynthesis, which may explain the lowered yield and changed mechanical properties of BNC. The results of this study enrich the functional characteristics of the genomes of the efficient producers of the N. hansenii species. Improved understanding of the adaptation to the presence of vitamin C at the molecular level has important guiding significance for influencing the biosynthesis of BNC and its morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Ryngajłło
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, B. Stefanowskiego 2/22, Lodz 90-537, Poland.
| | - Izabela Cielecka
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, B. Stefanowskiego 2/22, Lodz 90-537, Poland
| | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
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Sharma P, Sharma R, Ahuja S, Yadav A, Arora S, Aggarwal NK. Enhancement of bacterial cellulose production by ethanol and lactic acid by using Gluconacetobacter kombuchae. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:700-708. [PMID: 37937534 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2276188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The current study intended to analyze the impact of ethanol and lactic acid on the bacterial cellulose yield as well as physicochemical and mechanical properties, by using Gluconacetobacter kombuchae. The optimization of ethanol and lactic acid concentration has been done by using one-way ANOVA. Both the supplements significantly enhance the yield of bacterial cellulose (BC) as compared to the standard Hestrin-Schramm medium (control). Optimization leads to significant increase in BC yield as compared to the control, i.e., the addition, of optimized concentration of lactic acid (0.6%) increases the yield from (0.78 ± 0.026) g to (4.89 ± 0.020) g dry weight, and optimized concentration of ethanol (1%) increases the yield from (0.73 ± 0.057) g to (3.7 ± 0.01) g dry weight. Various physicochemical and mechanical properties of BC films produced in different media (i.e., HS, HS + Ethanol, and HS + Lactic acid), such as the crystallinity, structure, tensile strength, strain at break, Young's modulus, and water holding capacity, were also examined, by employing various techniques such as SEM, FTIR, XRD, etc. BC produced in medium supplemented with the optimum concentration of both the additives were found to possesses higher porosity. Though, slight decline in crystallinity was observed. But the tensile strength and strain at break, were upgraded 1.5-2.5 times, 2-2.5 times, respectively. This article attempted to present a method for enhancing BC yields and characteristics that may lead to more widespread and cost-effective use of this biopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Ritu Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Simran Ahuja
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Anita Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjiv Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Neeraj K Aggarwal
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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Jansen CA, Zanzarin DM, Março PH, Porto C, do Prado RM, Carvalhaes F, Pilau EJ. Metabolomic kinetics investigation of Camellia sinensis kombucha using mass spectrometry and bioinformatics approaches. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28937. [PMID: 38601539 PMCID: PMC11004822 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Kombucha is created through the fermentation of Camellia sinensis tea leaves, along with sucrose, utilizing a symbiotic consortium of bacteria and yeast cultures. Nonetheless, there exists a dearth of comprehensive information regarding the spectrum of metabolites that constitute this beverage. To explore this intricate system, metabolomics was used to investigate fermentation kinetics of Kombucha. For that, an experimental framework was devised to assess the impact of varying sucrose concentrations and fermentation temperatures over a ten-day period of kombucha fermentation. Following fermentation, samples were analyzed using an LC-QTOF-MS system and a distinctive metabolomic profile was observed. Principal component analysis was used to discriminate between metabolite profiles. Moreover, the identified compounds were subjected to classification using the GNPS platform. The findings underscore notable differences in compound class concentrations attributable to distinct fermentation conditions. Furthermore, distinct metabolic pathways were identified, specially some related to the biotransformation of flavonoids. This comprehensive investigation offers valuable insights into the pivotal role of SCOBY in driving metabolite production and underscores the potential bioactivity harbored within Kombucha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cler Antônia Jansen
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maria Zanzarin
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Março
- Federal University of Technology of the Paraná State (UTFPR), Campo Mourão, PR, Brazil
| | - Carla Porto
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
- MS Bioscience, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rodolpho Martin do Prado
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Eduardo Jorge Pilau
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Qin X, Yuan Y, Fei S, Lin X, Shi S, Wang X, Pang Q, Kang J, Li C, Liu S. Exploring the biotic and abiotic drivers influencing nata de coco production by Komagataeibacter nataicola in pre-fermented coconut water. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 414:110620. [PMID: 38382414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In China and Southeast Asia, pre-fermented coconut water is commonly used for the production of nata de coco, a jelly-like fermented food that consists of bacterial cellulose (BC). The inherent natural fermentation process of coconut water introduces uncontrollable variables, which can lead to unstable yields during BC production. This study involved the collection of spontaneously pre-fermented coconut water over a five-month production cycle. The aim was to evaluate the microbiota and metabolite profile, as well as determine its impact on BC synthesis by Komagataeibacter nataicola. Significant variations in the microbial community structure and metabolite profile of pre-fermented coconut water were observed across different production months, these variations had significant effects on BC synthesis by K. nataicola. A total of 52 different bacterial genera and 32 different fungal genera were identified as potential biotic factors that can influence BC production. Additionally, several abiotic factors, including lactate (VIP = 4.92), mannitol (VIP = 4.22), ethanol (VIP = 2.67), and ascorbate (VIP = 1.61), were found to be potential driving forces affecting BC synthesis by K. nataicola. Upon further analysis, the correlation network indicated that 14 biotic factors had a significant contribution to BC production in three strains of K. nataicola. These factors included 8 bacterial genera, such as Limosilactobacillus and Lactiplantibacillus, and 6 fungal genera, such as Meyerozyma and Ogataea. The abiotic factors lactate, mannitol, and ethanol showed a positive correlation with the BC yield. This study provides significant insights into controlling the fermentation processes of pre-fermented coconut water in industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Qin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yaqian Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuangwen Fei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xue Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Products Processing Technology of Haikou City, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shun Shi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiangrong Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qing Pang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiamu Kang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Products Processing Technology of Haikou City, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Congfa Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Products Processing Technology of Haikou City, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Sixin Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Products Processing Technology of Haikou City, Haikou 570228, China.
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Wu QZ, Lin WQ, Wu JY, Cao LW, Li HH, Gao R, Du WZ, Sheng GP, Chen YG, Li WW. Transcriptomic Insights into Metabolism-Dependent Biosynthesis of Bacterial Nanocellulose. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1801-1809. [PMID: 38416780 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is an attractive green-synthesized biomaterial for biomedical applications and various other applications. However, effective engineering of BNC production has been limited by our poor knowledge of the related metabolic processes. In contrast to the traditional perception that genome critically determines biosynthesis behaviors, here we discover that the glucose metabolism could also drastically affect the BNC synthesis in Gluconacetobacter hansenii. The transcriptomic profiles of two model BNC-producing strains, G. hansenii ATCC 53582 and ATCC 23769, which have highly similar genomes but drastically different BNC yields, were compared. The results show that their BNC synthesis capacities were highly related to metabolic activities such as ATP synthesis, ion transport protein assembly, and carbohydrate metabolic processes, confirming an important role of metabolism-related transcriptomes in governing the BNC yield. Our findings provide insights into the microbial biosynthesis behaviors from a transcriptome perspective, potentially guiding cellular engineering for biomaterial synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Zhong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Sustainable Energy and Environmental Materials Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research of USTC, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jian-Yu Wu
- Sustainable Energy and Environmental Materials Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research of USTC, Suzhou 215123, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li-Wen Cao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hui-Hui Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Sustainable Energy and Environmental Materials Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research of USTC, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Sustainable Energy and Environmental Materials Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research of USTC, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen-Zheng Du
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yin-Guang Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen-Wei Li
- Sustainable Energy and Environmental Materials Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research of USTC, Suzhou 215123, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Montenegro-Silva P, Ellis T, Dourado F, Gama M, Domingues L. Enhanced bacterial cellulose production in Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans: impact of different PQQ-dependent dehydrogenase knockouts and ethanol supplementation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:35. [PMID: 38424558 PMCID: PMC10902950 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biocompatible material with unique mechanical properties, thus holding a significant industrial potential. Despite many acetic acid bacteria (AAB) being BC overproducers, cost-effective production remains a challenge. The role of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent membrane dehydrogenases (mDH) is crucial in the metabolism of AAB since it links substrate incomplete oxidation in the periplasm to energy generation. Specifically, glucose oxidation to gluconic acid substantially lowers environmental pH and hinders BC production. Conversely, ethanol supplementation is known to enhance BC yields in Komagataeibacter spp. by promoting efficient glucose utilization. RESULTS K. sucrofermentans ATCC 700178 was engineered, knocking out the four PQQ-mDHs, to assess their impact on BC production. The strain KS003, lacking PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH), did not produce gluconic acid and exhibited a 5.77-fold increase in BC production with glucose as the sole carbon source, and a 2.26-fold increase under optimal ethanol supplementation conditions. In contrast, the strain KS004, deficient in the PQQ-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (PQQ-ADH), showed no significant change in BC yield in the single carbon source experiment but showed a restrained benefit from ethanol supplementation. CONCLUSIONS The results underscore the critical influence of PQQ-GDH and PQQ-ADH and clarify the effect of ethanol supplementation on BC production in K. sucrofermentans ATCC 700178. This study provides a foundation for further metabolic pathway optimization, emphasizing the importance of diauxic ethanol metabolism for high BC production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Ellis
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fernando Dourado
- CEB-Center of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Miguel Gama
- CEB-Center of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Lucília Domingues
- CEB-Center of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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Li W, Huang X, Liu H, Lian H, Xu B, Zhang W, Sun X, Wang W, Jia S, Zhong C. Improvement in bacterial cellulose production by co-culturing Bacillus cereus and Komagataeibacter xylinus. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 313:120892. [PMID: 37182977 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a bio-produced nanostructure material widely used in biomedical, food, and paper-manufacturing industries. However, low production efficiency and high-cost have limited its industrial applications. This study aimed to examine the level of improvement in BC production by co-culturing Bacillus cereus and Komagataeibacter xylinus. The BC yield in corn stover enzymatic hydrolysate was found to be obviously enhanced from 1.2 to 4.4 g/L after the aforementioned co-culturing. The evidence indicated that acetoin (AC) and 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) produced by B. cereus were the key factors dominating BC increment. The mechanism underlying BC increment was that AC and 2,3-BD increased the specific activity of AC dehydrogenase and the contents of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), thus promoting the growth and energy level of K. xylinus. Meanwhile, the immobilization of BC could also facilitate oxygen acquisition in B. cereus under static conditions. This study was novel in reporting that the co-culture could effectively enhance BC production from the lignocellulosic enzymatic hydrolysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xinxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Hao Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Wenjin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xuewen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Shiru Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457 Tianjin, PR China.
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9
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Wang X, Zhong JJ. Improvement of bacterial cellulose fermentation by metabolic perturbation with mixed carbon sources. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Szymczak I, Pietrzyk-Brzezińska AJ, Duszyński K, Ryngajłło M. Characterization of the Putative Acylated Cellulose Synthase Operon in Komagataeibacter xylinus E25. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147851. [PMID: 35887199 PMCID: PMC9318390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose is a natural polymer with an expanding array of applications. Because of this, the main cellulose producers of the Komagataeibacter genus have been extensively studied with the aim to increase its synthesis or to customize its physicochemical features. Up to now, the genetic studies in Komagataeibacter have focused on the first cellulose synthase operon (bcsI) encoding the main enzyme complex. However, the role of other accessory cellulose operons has been understudied. Here we aimed to fill this gap by performing a detailed analysis of the second cellulose synthase operon (bcsII), which is putatively linked with cellulose acylation. In this study we harnessed the genome sequence, gene expression and protein structure information of K. xylinus E25 and other Komagataeibacter species to discuss the probable features of bcsII and the biochemical function of its main protein products. The results of our study support the previous hypothesis that bcsII is involved in the synthesis of the acylated polymer and expand it by presenting the evidence that it may also function in the regulation of its attachment to the cell surface and to the crystalline cellulose fibers.
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The Roles of the Various Cellulose Biosynthesis Operons in Komagataeibacter hansenii ATCC 23769. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0246021. [PMID: 35319232 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02460-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on earth and offers versatile applicability in biotechnology. Bacterial cellulose, especially, is an attractive material because it represents pure microcrystalline cellulose. The cellulose synthase complex of acetic acid bacteria serves as a model for general studies on (bacterial) cellulose synthesis. The genome of Komagataeibacter hansenii ATCC 23769 encodes three cellulose synthase (CS) operons of different sizes and gene compositions. This implies the question of which role each of the three CS-encoding operons, bcsAB1, bcsAB2, and bcsAB3, plays in overall cellulose synthesis. Therefore, we constructed markerless deletions in K. hansenii ATCC 23769, yielding mutant strains that expressed only one of the three CSs. Apparently, BcsAB1 is the only CS that produces fibers of crystalline cellulose. The markerless deletion of bcsAB1 resulted in a nonfiber phenotype in scanning electron microscopy analysis. Expression of the other CSs resulted in a different, nonfibrous extracellular polymeric substance (nfEPS) structure wrapping the cells, which is proposed to contain acetylated cellulose. Transcription analysis revealed that all CSs were expressed continuously and that bcsAB2 showed a higher transcription level than bcsAB1. Moreover, we were able to link the expression of diguanylate cyclase B (dgcB) to cellulose production. IMPORTANCE Acetic acid bacteria form a massive biofilm called "mother of vinegar," which is built of cellulose fibers. Bacterial cellulose is an appealing biomaterial with manifold applications in biomedicine and biotechnology. Because most cellulose-producing acetic acid bacteria express several cellulose synthase operons, a deeper understanding of their contribution to the synthesis of modified forms of cellulose fibers within a natural biofilm is of special interest. For the first time, we were able to identify the contribution of each of the three cellulose synthases to cellulose formation in Komagataeibacter hansenii ATCC 23769 after a chromosomal clean deletion. Moreover, we were able to depict their roles in spatial composition of the biofilm. These findings might be applicable in the future for naturally modified biomaterials with novel properties.
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12
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Kaczmarek M, Jędrzejczak-Krzepkowska M, Ludwicka K. Comparative Analysis of Bacterial Cellulose Membranes Synthesized by Chosen Komagataeibacter Strains and Their Application Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063391. [PMID: 35328811 PMCID: PMC8950309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents a comparative analysis of bacterial cellulose membranes synthesized by several strains of the Komagataeibacter genus in terms of their specific physical, physico-chemical, and mechanical properties. Herein, the aim was to choose the most suitable microorganisms producing cellulosic materials with the greatest potential for the fabrication of bio-inspired nanocomposites. The selection was based on three main steps, starting from the evaluation of BNC biosynthetic efficiency with and without the addition of ethanol, followed by the assessment of mechanical breaking strength, and the physical parameters (compactness, structural integrity, appearance, and thickness) of the obtained biological materials. Ultimately, based on the performed screening procedure, three efficiently growing strains (K. hansenii H3 (6Et), K. rhaeticus K4 (8Et), and Komagataeibacter sp. isolated from balsamic vinegar (12Et)) were chosen for further modifications, enabling additional cellulose functionalization. Here, supplementation of the growth medium with five representative polymeric compounds (citrus/apple pectin, wheat starch, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol) led to significant changes in BNC properties, especially dye loading abilities, mechanical strength, and water adsorption/retention capacities. The resulting nanocomposites can be potentially useful in various fields of medicine and industry, and in the future, they may become a practical and cost-effective competitor against commercial biomaterials currently available on the market.
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13
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Jankau J, Błażyńska‐Spychalska A, Kubiak K, Jędrzejczak-Krzepkowska M, Pankiewicz T, Ludwicka K, Dettlaff A, Pęksa R. Bacterial Cellulose Properties Fulfilling Requirements for a Biomaterial of Choice in Reconstructive Surgery and Wound Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:805053. [PMID: 35223815 PMCID: PMC8873821 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.805053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although new therapeutic approaches for surgery and wound healing have recently made a great progress, there is still need for application of better and use novel methods to enhance biocompatibility as well as recovery and healing process. Bacterial Cellulose (BC) is natural cellulose in the form of nanostructure which has the advantages of being used in human body. The medical application of BC in reconstructive, cardiac and vascular surgery as well as wound healing is still under development, but without proved success of repetitive results. A review of studies on Bacterial Cellulose (BC) since 2016 was performed, taking into account the latest reports on the clinical use of BC. In addition, data on the physicochemical properties of BC were used. In all the works, satisfactory results of using Bacterial Cellulose were obtained. In all presented studies various BC implants demonstrated their best performance. Additionally, the works show that BC has the capacity to reach physiological as well as mechanical properties of relevance for various tissue replacement and can be produced in surgeons as well as patient specific expectations such as ear frames, vascular tubes or heart valves as well as wound healing dressings. Results of those experiments conform to those of previous reports utilizing ADM (acellular dermal matrix) and demonstrate that the use of BC has no adverse effects such as ulceration or extrusion and possesses expected properties. Based on preliminary animal as well as the few clinical data BC fittings are promising implants for various reconstructive applications since they are biocompatible with properties allowing blood flow, attach easily to wound bed and remain in place until donor site is healed properly. Additionally, this review shows that BC can be fabricated into patient specific shapes and size, with capability to reach mechanical properties of relevance for heart valve, ear, and muscle replacement. Bacterial cellulose appears, as shown in the above review, to be one of the materials that allow extensive application in the reconstruction after soft tissue defects. Review was created to show the needs of surgeons and the possibilities of using BC through the eyes and knowledge of biotechnologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Jankau
- Department of Plastic Surgery Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- *Correspondence: Jerzy Jankau,
| | | | - Katarzyna Kubiak
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology Lodz, University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Teresa Pankiewicz
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology Lodz, University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Karolina Ludwicka
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology Lodz, University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Rafał Pęksa
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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14
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Brandão PR, Crespo MTB, Nascimento FX. Phylogenomic and comparative analyses support the reclassification of several Komagataeibacter species as novel members of the Novacetimonas gen. nov. and bring new insights into the evolution of cellulose synthase genes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [PMID: 35175916 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Komagataeibacter harbours bacteria presenting the ability to produce increased levels of crystalline nanocellulose, as well as strains used in the industrial production of fermented products and beverages. Still, most of the studies of this biotechnologically relevant genus were conducted based on limited phenotypic methodologies and taxonomical classifications. In this work, a detailed analysis of the currently described genus Komagataeibacter was conducted based on phylogenomic analysis, unveiling the phylogenomic relationships within the genus and allowing a detailed phylogenetic analysis of biotechnologically important genes such as those involved in cellulose biosynthesis (bcs genes). Phylogenomic and comparative genomic analysis revealed that several type strains formed an independent genomic group from those of other Komagataeibacter, prompting their reclassification as members of a novel genus, hereby termed Novacetimonas gen. nov. The results support the reclassification of Komagataeibacter hansenii, Komagataeibacter cocois, Komagataeibacter maltaceti and Komagataeibacter pomaceti as novel members of the genus Novacetimonas. The Novacetimonas hansenii species is the proposed representative of the novel genus. Importantly, phylogenetic analysis based on cellulose biosynthesis genes (bcsABCD, bcsAB2XYC2, bcsAB3C3, bcsAB4), showed that the evolutionary history of these genes is closely related to the strain's phylogenomic/taxonomic classification. Hence, the robust taxonomic classification of these bacteria will allow the better characterization and selection of strains for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro R Brandão
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria T B Crespo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Francisco X Nascimento
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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15
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Singhania RR, Patel AK, Tseng YS, Kumar V, Chen CW, Haldar D, Saini JK, Dong CD. Developments in bioprocess for bacterial cellulose production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126343. [PMID: 34780908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) represents a novel bio-origin nonomaterial with its unique properties having diverse applications. Increased market demand and low yield are the major reason for its higher cost. Bacteria belonging to Komagataeibacter sp are the most exploited ones for BC production. Development of a cost-effective bioprocess for higher BC production is desirable. Though static fermentation modes have been majorly employed for BC production using tray fermenters, agitated mode has also been employed successfully with air-lift fermenters as well as stirred tank reactors. Bioprocess advances in recent years has led BC production to an upper level; however, challenges of aeration requirement and labor cost towards the higher end is associated with static cultivation at large scale. We have discussed the bioprocess development for BC production in recent years along with the challenges associated and the path forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Tseng
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Fermentation Technology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Post Bag No. 3, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Dibyajyoti Haldar
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Saini
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
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16
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Cielecka I, Ryngajłło M, Maniukiewicz W, Bielecki S. Highly Stretchable Bacterial Cellulose Produced by Komagataeibacter hansenii SI1. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4455. [PMID: 34961006 PMCID: PMC8707637 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A new strain of bacteria producing cellulose was isolated from Kombucha and identified as Komagataeibacter hansenii, named SI1. In static conditions, the strain synthesises bacterial nanocellulose with an improved ability to stretch. In this study, utilisation of various carbon and nitrogen sources and the impact of initial pH was assessed in terms of bacterial nanocellulose yield and properties. K. hansenii SI1 produces cellulose efficiently in glycerol medium at pH 5.0-6.0 with a yield of 3.20-3.60 g/L. Glucose medium led to the synthesis of membrane characterised by a strain of 77%, which is a higher value than in the case of another Komagataeibacter species. Supplementation of medium with vitamin C results in an enhanced porosity and improves the ability of bacterial nanocellulose to stretch (up to 123%). The properties of modified membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and mechanical tests. The results show that bacterial nanocellulose produced in SH medium and vitamin C-supplemented medium has unique properties (porosity, tensile strength and strain) without changing the chemical composition of cellulose. The method of production BNC with altered properties was the issue of Polish patent application no. P.431265.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Cielecka
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-573 Łódź, Poland; (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Małgorzata Ryngajłło
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-573 Łódź, Poland; (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Waldemar Maniukiewicz
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Stanisław Bielecki
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-573 Łódź, Poland; (M.R.); (S.B.)
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17
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Jacek P, Silva FASD, Dourado F, Bielecki S, Gama M. Optimization and characterization of bacterial nanocellulose produced by Komagataeibacter rhaeticus K3. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2020.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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18
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Wang D, Xu P, Sun J, Yuan J, Zhao J. Effects of ethanol stress on epsilon-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) biosynthesis in Streptomyces albulus X-18. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 153:109907. [PMID: 34670188 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to reveal the effects of ethanol stress on the production of epsilon-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) in Streptomyces albulus X-18. The results showed that biomass and the utilization of glucose were respectively increased by ethanol stress. The ε-PL yield was increased by 41.42 % in the shake flask and 37.02 % in 10 L fermenter with 1% (v/v) ethanol. The morphology of colonies and mycelia showed significant differences. The intracellular reactive oxygen species level was increased by about 100 %. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids in the cell membrane was increased by ethanol stress. Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomic profile showed that 265 identified proteins were differentially expressed. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were mainly involved in biological processes. The up-regulated DEPs were mainly involved in the redox reaction and stress response. The metabolic flux of l-Asp was shifted to l-Lys biosynthesis, and the DAP pathway was strengthened. Protein-protein interaction analysis showed that 30 DEPs interacted with l-Lys biosynthesis. The changes of ten proteins by Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) were consistent with those by iTRAQ. The study provided valuable clues to better understand the mechanism of ε-PL biosynthesis improvement by ethanol stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahong Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, Luoyang, China.
| | - Peng Xu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jianrui Sun
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jiangfeng Yuan
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Food Processing and Safety Education, Luoyang, China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, China
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19
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WANG LITING, HONG HOUSHENG, ZHANG CHENGBO, HUANG ZUNXI, GUO HUIMING. Transcriptome Analysis of Komagataeibacter europaeus CGMCC 20445 Responses to Different Acidity Levels During Acetic Acid Fermentation. Pol J Microbiol 2021; 70:305-313. [PMID: 34584524 PMCID: PMC8459000 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2021-027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the industrial production of high-acidity vinegar, the initial ethanol and acetic acid concentrations are limiting factors that will affect acetic acid fermentation. In this study, Komagataeibacter europaeus CGMCC 20445 was used for acetic acid shake flask fermentation at an initial ethanol concentration of 4.3% (v/v). We conducted transcriptome analysis of K. europaeus CGMCC 20445 samples under different acidity conditions to elucidate the changes in differentially expressed genes throughout the fermentation process. We also analyzed the expression of genes associated with acid-resistance mechanisms. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in ribosomes, citrate cycle, butanoate metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, pentose phosphate, and the fatty acid biosynthetic pathways. In addition, this study found that K. europaeus CGMCC 20445 regulates the gene expression levels of cell envelope proteins and stress-responsive proteins to adapt to the gradual increase in acidity during acetic acid fermentation. This study improved the understanding of the acid resistance mechanism of K. europaeus and provided relevant reference information for the further genetic engineering of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- LITING WANG
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - HOUSHENG HONG
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - CHENGBO ZHANG
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - ZUNXI HUANG
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - HUIMING GUO
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Caro-Astorga J, Walker KT, Herrera N, Lee KY, Ellis T. Bacterial cellulose spheroids as building blocks for 3D and patterned living materials and for regeneration. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5027. [PMID: 34413311 PMCID: PMC8377073 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered living materials (ELMs) based on bacterial cellulose (BC) offer a promising avenue for cheap-to-produce materials that can be programmed with genetically encoded functionalities. Here we explore how ELMs can be fabricated in a modular fashion from millimetre-scale biofilm spheroids grown from shaking cultures of Komagataeibacter rhaeticus. Here we define a reproducible protocol to produce BC spheroids with the high yield bacterial cellulose producer K. rhaeticus and demonstrate for the first time their potential for their use as building blocks to grow ELMs in 3D shapes. Using genetically engineered K. rhaeticus, we produce functionalized BC spheroids and use these to make and grow patterned BC-based ELMs that signal within a material and can sense and report on chemical inputs. We also investigate the use of BC spheroids as a method to regenerate damaged BC materials and as a way to fuse together smaller material sections of cellulose and synthetic materials into a larger piece. This work improves our understanding of BC spheroid formation and showcases their great potential for fabricating, patterning and repairing ELMs based on the promising biomaterial of bacterial cellulose. Bacterial cellulose is a promising cheap-to-produce programmable engineered living material. Here the authors present a method for production of spheroids for use as engineerable building blocks able to sense and respond to chemical inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Caro-Astorga
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth T Walker
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Natalia Herrera
- Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Koon-Yang Lee
- Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Ellis
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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21
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Cielecka I, Ryngajłło M, Maniukiewicz W, Bielecki S. Response surface methodology-based improvement of the yield and differentiation of properties of bacterial cellulose by metabolic enhancers. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:584-593. [PMID: 34324907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the effect of ethanol and lactic acid on the production of bacterial cellulose, and determine the optimal composition of a co-supplemented culture using response surface methodology. Both ethanol and lactic acid, when added separately or jointly, affected the yield and properties of the biomaterial. Optimization resulted in an increase of 470% in the yield, compared to the Schramm-Hestrin medium. Culture growth profiles, substrate consumption and by-products generation, were examined. The growth rate was increased for cultures supplemented with lactic acid and both lactic acid and ethanol, while the production of gluconic acid was diminished for all modified cultures. The properties of BNC, such as the structure, crystallinity, water holding capacity and tensile strength, were also determined. BNC produced in optimal conditions is more porous and characterized by wider fibers. Despite a decrease in crystallinity, by the addition of ethanol, lactic acid and both additives, the ratio of cellulose Iα was almost unchanged. The stress, strain, young modulus and toughness were improved 2.8-4.2 times, 1-1.9 times, 2.4-3.5 times and 2.5-6.8 times, respectively. The new approach to improving BNC yields and properties presented here could contribute to more economical production and wider application of this biopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Cielecka
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Ryngajłło
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Maniukiewicz
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Bielecki
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland.
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22
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Blanco FG, Hernández N, Rivero-Buceta V, Maestro B, Sanz JM, Mato A, Hernández-Arriaga AM, Prieto MA. From Residues to Added-Value Bacterial Biopolymers as Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061492. [PMID: 34200068 PMCID: PMC8228158 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biopolymers are naturally occurring materials comprising a wide range of molecules with diverse chemical structures that can be produced from renewable sources following the principles of the circular economy. Over the last decades, they have gained substantial interest in the biomedical field as drug nanocarriers, implantable material coatings, and tissue-regeneration scaffolds or membranes due to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability into nonhazardous disintegration products, and their mechanical properties, which are similar to those of human tissues. The present review focuses upon three technologically advanced bacterial biopolymers, namely, bacterial cellulose (BC), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and γ-polyglutamic acid (PGA), as models of different carbon-backbone structures (polysaccharides, polyesters, and polyamides) produced by bacteria that are suitable for biomedical applications in nanoscale systems. This selection models evidence of the wide versatility of microorganisms to generate biopolymers by diverse metabolic strategies. We highlight the suitability for applied sustainable bioprocesses for the production of BC, PHA, and PGA based on renewable carbon sources and the singularity of each process driven by bacterial machinery. The inherent properties of each polymer can be fine-tuned by means of chemical and biotechnological approaches, such as metabolic engineering and peptide functionalization, to further expand their structural diversity and their applicability as nanomaterials in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco G. Blanco
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Hernández
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Rivero-Buceta
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Maestro
- Host-Parasite Interplay in Pneumococcal Infection Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Jesús M. Sanz
- Host-Parasite Interplay in Pneumococcal Infection Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Aránzazu Mato
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Hernández-Arriaga
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Auxiliadora Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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23
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Nascimento FX, Torres CA, Freitas F, Reis MA, Crespo MT. Functional and genomic characterization of Komagataeibacter uvaceti FXV3, a multiple stress resistant bacterium producing increased levels of cellulose. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 30:e00606. [PMID: 33747802 PMCID: PMC7970039 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose is one of the most promising biomaterials for the development of a wide array of novel biotechnological solutions. Nevertheless, the commercial production of bacterial cellulose is still a challenge and obtaining novel strains presenting increased cellulose biosynthesis and stress resistance properties is of extreme importance. This work demonstrates the increased stress resistance, cellulose production abilities, and overall genomic properties of Komagataeibacter uvaceti FXV3, a novel cellulose-producing and stress resistant strain isolated from a fermented grape must. K. uvaceti FXV3 was able to grow under several stress conditions, including the presence of high concentrations of ethanol (up to 7.5 % v/v), a trait that is not observed in the model strain K. xylinus CECT 7351T. Moreover, K. uvaceti FXV3 produced increased concentrations of cellulose (4.31 mg/mL, 7 days after inoculation-DAI) when compared to K. xylinus CECT 7351T (1.42 mg/mL, 7 DAI). Moreover, the detailed analysis of strain FXV3 genome revealed the presence of several genes involved in cellulose and acetan biosynthesis, quorum-sensing and quenching mechanisms, carbohydrate, amino acid, alcohol and aldehyde metabolism, as well as several other genes involved in stress resistance. Additionally, comparative genomic analysis revealed the increased prevalence of stress resistance genes in K. uvaceti FXV3 when compared to K. xylinus CECT 7351T. Ultimately, this study reveals the increased biotechnological potential of K. uvaceti FXV3 and brings new insights into the genetics behind Komagataeibacter stress resistance and cellulose production abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco X. Nascimento
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristiana A.V. Torres
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Filomena Freitas
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria A.M. Reis
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria T.B. Crespo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
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Moradi M, Jacek P, Farhangfar A, Guimarães JT, Forough M. The role of genetic manipulation and in situ modifications on production of bacterial nanocellulose: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:635-650. [PMID: 33957199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides are well-known biomaterials because of their availability and low-cost, with applications in diverse fields. Cellulose, a renowned polysaccharide, can be obtained from different sources including plants, algae, and bacteria, but recently much attention has been paid to the microorganisms due to their potential of producing renewable compounds. In this regard, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a novel type of nanocellulose material that is commercially synthesized mainly by Komagataeibacter spp. Characteristics such as purity, porosity, and remarkable mechanical properties made BNC a superior green biopolymer with applications in pharmacology, biomedicine, bioprocessing, and food. Genetic manipulation of BNC-producing strains and in situ modifications of the culturing conditions can lead to BNC with enhanced yield/productivity and properties. This review mainly highlights the role of genetic engineering of Komagataeibacter strains and co-culturing of bacterial strains with additives such as microorganisms and nanomaterials to synthesize BNC with improved functionality and productivity rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Moradi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Paulina Jacek
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology and LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 16, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | | | - Jonas T Guimarães
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Mehrdad Forough
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
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Bacterial Biopolymer: Its Role in Pathogenesis to Effective Biomaterials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081242. [PMID: 33921239 PMCID: PMC8069653 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are considered as the major cell factories, which can effectively convert nitrogen and carbon sources to a wide variety of extracellular and intracellular biopolymers like polyamides, polysaccharides, polyphosphates, polyesters, proteinaceous compounds, and extracellular DNA. Bacterial biopolymers find applications in pathogenicity, and their diverse materialistic and chemical properties make them suitable to be used in medicinal industries. When these biopolymer compounds are obtained from pathogenic bacteria, they serve as important virulence factors, but when they are produced by non-pathogenic bacteria, they act as food components or biomaterials. There have been interdisciplinary studies going on to focus on the molecular mechanism of synthesis of bacterial biopolymers and identification of new targets for antimicrobial drugs, utilizing synthetic biology for designing and production of innovative biomaterials. This review sheds light on the mechanism of synthesis of bacterial biopolymers and its necessary modifications to be used as cell based micro-factories for the production of tailor-made biomaterials for high-end applications and their role in pathogenesis.
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Li Z, Chen SQ, Cao X, Li L, Zhu J, Yu H. Effect of pH Buffer and Carbon Metabolism on the Yield and Mechanical Properties of Bacterial Cellulose Produced by Komagataeibacter hansenii ATCC 53582. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:429-438. [PMID: 33323677 PMCID: PMC9705897 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2010.10054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is widely used in the food industry for products such as nata de coco. The mechanical properties of BC hydrogels, including stiffness and viscoelasticity, are determined by the hydrated fibril network. Generally, Komagataeibacter bacteria produce gluconic acids in a glucose medium, which may affect the pH, structure and mechanical properties of BC. In this work, the effect of pH buffer on the yields of Komagataeibacter hansenii strain ATCC 53582 was studied. The bacterium in a phosphate and phthalate buffer with low ionic strength produced a good BC yield (5.16 and 4.63 g/l respectively), but there was a substantial reduction in pH due to the accumulation of gluconic acid. However, the addition of gluconic acid enhanced the polymer density and mechanical properties of BC hydrogels. The effect was similar to that of the bacteria using glycerol in another carbon metabolism circuit, which provided good pH stability and a higher conversion rate of carbon. This study may broaden the understanding of how carbon sources affect BC biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China,School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China
| | - Si-Qian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China,Institute of Science and Technology Innovation, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China,Institute of Science and Technology Innovation, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China,Institute of Science and Technology Innovation, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China,Institute of Science and Technology Innovation, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China,Corresponding authors J. Zhu Phone: +86-769-22862195 Fax: +86-769-22861680 E-mail:
| | - Hongpeng Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China,H. Yu E-mail:
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Drozd R, Szymańska M, Żywicka A, Kowalska U, Rakoczy R, Kordas M, Konopacki M, Junka AF, Fijałkowski K. Exposure to non-continuous rotating magnetic field induces metabolic strain-specific response of Komagataeibacter xylinus. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Xia K, Han C, Xu J, Liang X. Transcriptome response of Acetobacter pasteurianus Ab3 to high acetic acid stress during vinegar production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10585-10599. [PMID: 33156446 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10995-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acetic acid accumulation is a universal limiting factor to the vinegar manufacture because of the toxic effect of acetic acid on the acid producing strain, such as Acetobacter pasteurianus. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genome-wide transcriptional response of A. pasteurianus Ab3 to high acid stress during vinegar production. By comparing the transcriptional landscape of cells harvested from a long-term cultivation with high acidity (70 ± 3 g/L) to that of low acidity (10 ± 2 g/L), we demonstrated that 1005 genes were differentially expressed. By functional enrichment analysis, we found that the expression of genes related to the two-component systems (TCS) and toxin-antitoxin systems (TAS) was significantly regulated under high acid stress. Cells increased the genome stability to withstand the intracellular toxicity caused by the acetic acid accumulation by repressing the expression of transposases and integrases. Moreover, high acid stress induced the expression of genes involved in the pathways of peptidoglycan, ceramide, and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis as well as the Tol-Pal and TonB-ExbB systems. In addition, we observed that cells increased and diversified the ATP production to resist high acid stress. Transcriptional upregulation in the pathways of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) synthesis and thiamine metabolism suggested that cells may increase the production of prosthetic groups to ensure the enzyme activity upon high acid stress. Collectively, the results of this study increase our current understanding of the acetic acid resistance (AAR) mechanisms in A. pasteurianus and provide opportunities for strain improvement and scaled-up vinegar production.Key Points• TCS and TAS are responsive to the acid stress and constitute the regulating networks.• Adaptive expression changes of cell envelope elements help cell resist acid stress.• Cells promote genome stability and diversify ATP production to withstand acid stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xia
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Chengcheng Han
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xinle Liang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Ludwicka K, Kaczmarek M, Białkowska A. Bacterial Nanocellulose-A Biobased Polymer for Active and Intelligent Food Packaging Applications: Recent Advances and Developments. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2209. [PMID: 32993082 PMCID: PMC7601427 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent findings related to bacterial cellulose application in bio-packaging industry. This constantly growing sector fulfils a major role by the maintenance of product safety and quality, protection against environmental impacts that affect the shelf life. Conventional petroleum-based plastic packaging are still rarely recyclable and have a number of harmful environmental effects. Herein, we discuss the most recent studies on potential good alternative to plastic packaging-bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), known as an ecological, safe, biodegradable, and chemically pure biopolymer. The limitations of this bio-based packaging material, including relatively poor mechanical properties or lack of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, can be successfully overcome by its modification with a wide variety of bioactive and reinforcing compounds. BNC active and intelligent food packaging offer a new and innovative approach to extend the shelf life and maintain, improve, or monitor product quality and safety. Incorporation of different agents BNC matrices allows to obtain e.g., antioxidant-releasing films, moisture absorbers, antimicrobial membranes or pH, freshness and damage indicators, humidity, and other biosensors. However, further development and implementation of this kind of bio-packaging will highly depend on the final performance and cost-effectiveness for the industry and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Ludwicka
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, B. Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (M.K.); (A.B.)
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30
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Towards control of cellulose biosynthesis by Komagataeibacter using systems-level and strain engineering strategies: current progress and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6565-6585. [PMID: 32529377 PMCID: PMC7347698 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The strains of the Komagataeibacter genus have been shown to be the most efficient bacterial nanocellulose producers. Although exploited for many decades, the studies of these species focused mainly on the optimisation of cellulose synthesis process through modification of culturing conditions in the industrially relevant settings. Molecular physiology of Komagataeibacter was poorly understood and only a few studies explored genetic engineering as a strategy for strain improvement. Only since recently the systemic information of the Komagataeibacter species has been accumulating in the form of omics datasets representing sequenced genomes, transcriptomes, proteomes and metabolomes. Genetic analyses of the mutants generated in the untargeted strain modification studies have drawn attention to other important proteins, beyond those of the core catalytic machinery of the cellulose synthase complex. Recently, modern molecular and synthetic biology tools have been developed which showed the potential for improving targeted strain engineering. Taking the advantage of the gathered knowledge should allow for better understanding of the genotype–phenotype relationship which is necessary for robust modelling of metabolism as well as selection and testing of new molecular engineering targets. In this review, we discuss the current progress in the area of Komagataeibacter systems biology and its impact on the research aimed at scaled-up cellulose synthesis as well as BNC functionalisation.Key points • The accumulated omics datasets advanced the systemic understanding of Komagataeibacter physiology at the molecular level. • Untargeted and targeted strain modification approaches have been applied to improve nanocellulose yield and properties. • The development of modern molecular and synthetic biology tools presents a potential for enhancing targeted strain engineering. • The accumulating omic information should improve modelling of Komagataeibacter’s metabolism as well as selection and testing of new molecular engineering targets. |
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BNC Biosynthesis with Increased Productivity in a Newly Designed Surface Air-Flow Bioreactor. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10113850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of bacterial cellulose (BNC) could be widely expanded if the production costs were reduced. This study aims to determine factors simultaneously affecting the yield and tensile strength of BNC in a newly designed surface air-flow bioreactor (SAF). For this purpose, a two-stage study was done. Firstly, the most important factors for high yield were determined based on the Plackett–Burman Design. Secondly, impact of the chosen variables on both responses was assessed in a wide range of factor values. The greatest influence on the yield and mechanical strength was proved for such factors as air-flow ratio, glucose concentration, and culture time. The productivity in a SAF bioreactor with controlled air-flow ratio was enhanced by 65%. In terms of mechanical properties, the stress of BNC membranes varied from 0.8 to 6.39 MPa depending on the culture conditions. The results of the performed tests make a useful basis for future optimizations.
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32
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Raghavendran V, Asare E, Roy I. Bacterial cellulose: Biosynthesis, production, and applications. Adv Microb Physiol 2020; 77:89-138. [PMID: 34756212 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer produced by the acetic acid producing bacterium and has gathered much interest over the last decade for its biomedical and biotechnological applications. Unlike the plant derived cellulose nanofibres, which require pretreatment to deconstruct the recalcitrant lignocellulosic network, BC are 100% pure, and are extruded by cells as nanofibrils. Moreover, these nanofibrils can be converted to macrofibers that possess excellent material properties, surpassing even the strength of steel, and can be used as substitutes for fossil fuel derived synthetic fibers. The focus of the review is to present the fundamental long-term research on the influence of environmental factors on the organism's BC production capabilities, the production methods that are available for scaling up/scaled-up processes, and its use as a bulk commodity or for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayendran Raghavendran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Asare
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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