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Das B, Islam MA, Tamim U, Ahmed FT, Hossen MB. Heavy metal analysis of water and sediments of the Kaptai Lake in Bangladesh: Contamination and concomitant health risk assessment. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 210:111358. [PMID: 38776733 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, concentrations of 9 heavy metals (Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) in water and sediments of the Kaptai Lake were determined by neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry techniques to study their distribution and contamination in the lake. Average concentrations of Cr and Co in sediments, and Fe and Pb in water were higher than those of some international guideline values. Different environmental pollution indexes (individual and synergistic) suggested that the sediments of Kaptai Lake are minorly enriched by As and Zn, and have low severity of contamination at most of the sampling sites. For residential receptors exposed to the heavy metals in lake water, both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic hazards were assessed which indicated that there is no carcinogenic risk for As while Cr shows a slightly carcinogenic risk. Moreover, estimated potential ecological risks and different SQGs suggested low ecotoxicological risks in the sediments of Kaptai Lake. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed the correlation among the studied heavy metals and indicated that the origin of most of the metals is mainly lithogenic and a small number of metals (Cu and Pb) from anthropogenic sources. The results of this study will be helpful in developing a pollution control strategy for the lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplob Das
- Department of Physics, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chittagong, 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Amirul Islam
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh.
| | - Umma Tamim
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Farah Tasneem Ahmed
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Belal Hossen
- Department of Physics, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chittagong, 4349, Bangladesh
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Islam ARMT, Varol M, Habib MA, Khan R. Risk assessment and source apportionment for metals in sediments of Kaptai Lake in Bangladesh using individual and synergistic indices and a receptor model. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 190:114845. [PMID: 36965264 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal enrichment in lake sediments originating from multiple sources can threaten both the aquatic ecosystem and human health. Therefore, assessment of the eco-environmental risks and potential sources of metals in the sediments is essential for effective lake management. Here, we analyzed the sediment metal contents of Kaptai Lake, the largest lake in Bangladesh for the first time with this study. The results indicated that only Cr and Ni contents among the metals studied exceeded the probable effect concentrations (PEC) at 25.42 % and 55.93 % of the sampling stations, respectively. All metals at most sampling stations showed low contamination and low ecological risk based on the individual indices (geoaccumulation index, contamination factor, ecological risk factor, enrichment factor and modified hazard quotient). There was no significant risk from the combined metals in the sediments of the lake according to the synergistic indices (toxic risk index, Nemerow risk index, ecological risk index, Nemerow pollution index and pollution load index). Organic matter and silt were significant sediment parameters that favored the accumulation of Cr, Fe, Cu, Pb and Mn. In the absolute principle component scores-multiple linear regression model (APCS-MLR), five potential sources of metals were identified in the sediments: Zn, Mn, Co and Cd mainly from natural sources and to a lesser extent from agricultural and aquacultural activities, Ni, Cr and Fe from parent materials, Pb and Cu mainly from natural sources and to a lesser extent from vehicle emissions, Hg and U from lithogenic sources, and As from natural sources. This study will improve our knowledge of the sedimentary metal contents of Kaptai Lake and provide helpful information for developing effective lake management and pollution control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh; Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Memet Varol
- Malatya Turgut Özal University, Doğanşehir V.K. Vocational School, Department of Aquaculture, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Md Ahosan Habib
- Geological Survey of Bangladesgh, Government of the People Republic of Bangladesh, 153, Pioneer Road, Segunbaghicha, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rahat Khan
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
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Assessment of traces metals in sediment from Ebolowa Municipal Lake basin (central-africa): potential risk and provenance. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10186. [PMID: 36042742 PMCID: PMC9420374 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on assessing contamination levels of heavy metal elements (Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Mo, Cd, and Pb) in surface sediments for the Ebolowa Municipal Lake (EML) basin in Southern Cameroon and identifying possible pollution sources. Twenty-one samples from the EML and its tributaries (Mfoumou and Bengo'o) were subjected to geochemical analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results obtained from these analyses allowed us to calculate the Contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), Potential Ecological Risk Factor (Er), Pollution Load Index (PLI), and Potentiel Ecological Risk Index (RI). Multivariate statistics completed these analyses. The concentrations in mg/kg are as follows: Cr (96.46) > Zn (55.94) > Cu(34.01) > Ni(30.77) > Co(16.14) > Pb(10.58) > Mo (0.61) > Cd (0.14). However, these concentrations are higher in the sites subjected to the most anthropogenic pressure (EML and Mfoumou). The pollution indexes are between: 0.29 ≤ CF ≤ 2.76, -28.10 ≤ Igeo≤0.13, 0.14 ≤ EF ≤ 2.19. PLI values ˂ 1 in all sites. Er has high values for Cd (21.43–42.85) and low values for the other elements. RI ˂ 100 values for all elements and on all sites. Pearson's correlation matrix and the Hierarchical Classification Ascending (HCA) illustrate two sources of inputs. The spatial distribution of TME seems to be impacted by autochthonous inputs of domestic effluents and parameters such as particle size and organic matter content. The pollution index values illustrate low to moderate contamination and pollution in Cr, Ni, Co, Cd, and Cu. The Er values illustrate a moderate ecological risk for Cd. The RI values indicate a low ecological risk for all sites. High values are mainly associated with poor domestic waste management, non-compliant automotive buildings and agricultural activities.
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Sink and Source Functions for Metal(loid)s in Sediments and Soils of Two Water Reservoirs of the Ore Mountains, Saxony, Germany. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Since reservoirs can act as sinks for potential contaminants, such as metal(loid)s, sediment management is a challenge for reservoir operators. To exemplify the variability of concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn), the sediments of two differently constituted reservoirs located in the Ore Mountains (Saxony, Germany) were comparatively investigated. In the sediments of the Einsiedel Reservoir, which has a catchment area dominated by forestry, the median values showed an enrichment of Cd (6.7 mg/kg), Co (31.4 mg/kg), Hg (0.57 mg/kg), Ni (39.0 mg/kg) and Zn (283 mg/kg), mainly due to an elevated geogenic background and a preferential input of these elements from the soils of the catchment area. Sediments of the Berthelsdorf Smelter Pond, which has a predominantly agricultural catchment, had relatively high median concentrations of As (62.9 mg/kg), Cd (10.3 mg/kg), Cr (43.1 mg/kg), Cu (50.2 mg/kg), Hg (0.51 mg/kg), Pb (204 mg/kg), V (57.0 mg/kg) and Zn (626 mg/kg), which was due to an elevated geogenic background and heavy anthropogenic metal(loid) inputs over the past. Statistical analyses indicated that site-specific differences (e.g., in the content of organic matter or in the physicochemical properties of sediments) may influence the sink and source functions of the reservoirs for metal(loid)s. In this context, a strong influence of the specific catchment characteristics on the sediment composition of the reservoirs was concluded. Based on the German Federal Soil Protection Ordinance, the status quo of the metal(loid) contamination of the two reservoirs was evaluated and recommendations for further management and investigations were derived.
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Varol M, Ustaoğlu F, Tokatlı C. Ecological risks and controlling factors of trace elements in sediments of dam lakes in the Black Sea Region (Turkey). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112478. [PMID: 34863685 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of trace elements (TEs) in sediments of dam lakes is crucial for maintaining ecosystem health. Therefore, it is very important to determine their concentrations, pollution status, sources, controlling factors and ecological risks in these ecosystems. Here, for the first time, we analyzed 14 TEs (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, Hg and Pb) and sediment properties (organic matter (OM) and pH) in sediments from four dam lakes (Erfelek, Derbent, Suat Uğurlu and Saraydüzü) in the Black Sea Region of Turkey, which are used for different purposes and located on the different rivers or streams with different pollution levels. The results indicated that Al, V, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Pb and Sb concentrations were lower in the Erfelek Dam Lake which has been used for drinking water supply, indicating that it is more protected than other dam lakes. However, Al, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu and Sb concentrations were higher in the Suat Uğurlu Dam Lake on the Yeşilırmak River which is moderately polluted. According to sediment contamination indices, there was low contamination in the sediments of all dam lakes. Similarly, the assessment of ecological risk posed by TEs indicated low eclogical risk in the dam lakes. Sediment OM and pH were found to be important control factors affecting the distribution of TEs in the dam lakes sediments. Correlation and factor analyses suggested that all TEs in the sediments of dam lakes mainly originated from geogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Memet Varol
- Malatya Turgut Özal University, Doğanşehir Vahap Küçük Vocational School, Department of Aquaculture, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Fikret Ustaoğlu
- Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Giresun University, Güre, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Cem Tokatlı
- Trakya University, Laboratory Technology Department, İpsala, Edirne, Turkey
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Catchment Soil Properties Affect Metal(loid) Enrichment in Reservoir Sediments of German Low Mountain Regions. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sediment management is a fundamental part of reservoir operation, but it is often complicated by metal(loid) enrichment in sediments. Knowledge concerning the sources of potential contaminants is therefore of important significance. To address this issue, the concentrations and the mobile fractions of metal(loid)s were determined in the sediments and the respective catchment areas of six reservoirs. The results indicate that reservoirs generally have a high potential for contaminated sediment accumulation due to preferential deposition of fine particles. The median values of the element-specific enrichment factor (EF) demonstrates slight enrichments of arsenic (EF: 3.4), chromium (EF: 2.8), and vanadium (EF: 2.9) for reservoir sediments. The enrichments of cadmium (EF: 8.2), manganese (EF: 3.9), nickel (EF: 4.8), and zinc (EF: 5.0) are significantly higher. This is enabled by a diffuse element release from the soils into the impounded streams, which is particularly favored by soil acidity. Leaching from the catchment soils partially enriches elements in stream sediments before their fine-grained portions in particular are deposited as reservoir sediment. We assume that this effect is of high relevance especially for reservoirs impounding small streams with forested catchments and weakly acid buffering parent material of soil formation.
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Venelinov T, Mihaylova V, Peycheva R, Todorov M, Yotova G, Todorov B, Lyubomirova V, Tsakovski S. Sediment Assessment of the Pchelina Reservoir, Bulgaria. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247517. [PMID: 34946602 PMCID: PMC8704462 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporal dynamics of anthropogenic impacts on the Pchelina Reservoir is assessed based on chemical element analysis of three sediment cores at a depth of about 100-130 cm below the surface water. The 137Cs activity is measured to identify the layers corresponding to the 1986 Chernobyl accident. The obtained dating of sediment cores gives an average sedimentation rate of 0.44 cm/year in the Pchelina Reservoir. The elements' depth profiles (Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Sn, Sb, Pb, Co, Cd, Ce, Tl, Bi, Gd, La, Th and Unat) outline the Struma River as the main anthropogenic source for Pchelina Reservoir sediments. The principal component analysis reveals two groups of chemical elements connected with the anthropogenic impacts. The first group of chemical elements (Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Sn, Sb and Co) has increasing time trends in the Struma sediment core and no trend or decreasing ones at the Pchelina sampling core. The behavior of these elements is determined by the change of the profile of the industry in the Pernik town during the 1990s. The second group of elements (Zn, Pb, Cd, Bi and Unat) has increasing time trends in Struma and Pchelina sediment cores. The increased concentrations of these elements during the whole investigated period have led to moderate enrichments for Pb and Unat, and significant enrichments for Zn and Cd at the Pchelina sampling site. The moderately contaminated, according to the geoaccumulation indexes, Pchelina Reservoir surface sediment samples have low ecotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Venelinov
- Chair of Water Supply, Sewerage, Water and Wastewater Treatment, Faculty of Hydraulic Engineering, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, 1 Hr. Smirnenski Blvd., 1046 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Veronika Mihaylova
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1 J. Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.M.); (G.Y.); (B.T.); (V.L.)
| | | | - Miroslav Todorov
- Chair of Hydrotechnics, Faculty of Transportation Engineering, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, 1 Hr. Smirnenski Blvd., 1046 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Galina Yotova
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1 J. Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.M.); (G.Y.); (B.T.); (V.L.)
| | - Boyan Todorov
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1 J. Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.M.); (G.Y.); (B.T.); (V.L.)
| | - Valentina Lyubomirova
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1 J. Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.M.); (G.Y.); (B.T.); (V.L.)
| | - Stefan Tsakovski
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1 J. Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.M.); (G.Y.); (B.T.); (V.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-2-8161426
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Guo S, Zhang Y, Xiao J, Zhang Q, Ling J, Chang B, Zhao G. Assessment of heavy metal content, distribution, and sources in Nansi Lake sediments, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:30929-30942. [PMID: 33594554 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Much attention has been paid to the heavy metal contamination of lake sediments in rapidly developing regions. In this study, heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Co, Ni, Mn, Pb, As, Cu, and Zn) concentrations in sediment surface samples and cores from the Nansi Lake were investigated to ascertain the potential sources and environmental risks of heavy metals. The average concentration of heavy metals was 0.16-16.04 times background concentrations. The enrichment factor, Tomlinson pollution load index, geo accumulation index, positive definite matrix factor analysis (PMF), and potential ecological risk index were used to assess heavy metal concentrations and explore the evolution of heavy metal sources, and result indicated that Cd reached moderate pollution levels, which is the most polluted heavy metal in the history and present, while the remaining heavy metals are at low or no pollution levels. The contribution of Cd to RI exceeded 76%, which is the decisive factor in the ecological risk of Nansi Lake. The result of ecological risk showed that the risk level for most of Nansi Lake is medium, and some areas of Zhaoyang Lake and Weishan Lake reach high levels. The PMF results showed that there are four main factors influencing heavy metal concentrations in Nansi Lake sediments, including industrial sources, fertilizers, and herbicides used in agricultural production, traffic-related emissions, and mineral mining. Among these factors, industrial and mineral mining sources were found to be the most important, and the highest contribution rate occurred in the -10cm (1960s). Although the contribution of fertilizers and herbicides is lower than that of other sources, increasing trend should be a warning sign that Cd has reached a high ecological risk level in Nansi Lake sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Guo
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yizhang Zhang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Tianjin Binhai), Tianjin, China.
| | - Jieying Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiuying Zhang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Junhong Ling
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Baojian Chang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Tianjin Binhai), Tianjin, China
| | - Guanglei Zhao
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Tianjin Binhai), Tianjin, China
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Niu Y, Chen F, Li Y, Ren B. Trends and Sources of Heavy Metal Pollution in Global River and Lake Sediments from 1970 to 2018. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 257:1-35. [PMID: 33866419 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a global problem although its sources and trends differ by region and time. To data, no published research has reported heavy metal pollution in global rivers and lakes. This study reviewed past sampling data across six continents from 1970 to 2018 and analyzed the trends and sources of 10 heavy metal species in sediments from 289 rivers and 133 lakes. Collectively, river sediments showed increasing trends in Cd, Cr, Ni, Mn, and Co and decreasing trends in Hg, indicating that rivers acted as a sink for the former and a source for the latter. Lake sediments showed increasing trends in Pb, Hg, Cr, and Mn, and decreasing trends in Cd, Zn, and As, indicating that lakes acted as a sink for the former and a source for the latter. Due to difference in natural backgrounds and development stage in continents, mean metal concentrations were generally higher in Europe and North America than in Africa, Asia, and South America. Principal component analysis showed that main metal source was mining and manufacturing from the 1970s to 1990s and domestic waste discharge from the 2000s to 2010s. Metal sources in sediments differed greatly by continent, with rock weathering dominant in Africa, mining and manufacturing dominant in North America, and domestic waste discharge dominant in Asia and Europe. Global trends in sediment metal loads and pollution-control measures suggest that the implementation of rigorous standards on metal emissions, limitations on metal concentrations in manufactured products, and the pretreatment of metal-contaminated waste have been effective at controlling heavy metal pollution in rivers and lakes. Thus, these efforts should be extended globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Niu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Falin Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Youzhi Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
| | - Bo Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Varol M. Environmental, ecological and health risks of trace metals in sediments of a large reservoir on the Euphrates River (Turkey). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109664. [PMID: 32454309 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The contents of trace metals (Cd, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn and Fe) in sediment samples from eleven sampling sites in The Keban Dam Reservoir, which is Turkey's second biggest reservoir, were examined to evaluate spatial distribution, possible sources, contamination status and environmental, ecological and health risks of these metals. The results indicated that enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index and contamination factor values were higher at sampling sites receiving industrial and domestic wastewater discharges. Only Cr and Ni concentrations exceeded their corresponding probable effect concentrations in 47.7% and 93.2% of the samples. Ecological risk factor and ecological risk index values at all sites were <40 and <150, respectively, indicating low ecological risk in the reservoir. Cluster, correlation and factor analyses suggested that Cr and Ni originated from mixed sources of lithogenic and anthropogenic origins, while other metals mainly originated from natural sources. For children and adults, hazard quotient value of each metal from ingestion and dermal contact pathways did not exceed 1. Carcinogenic risk (CR) values of arsenic from these two exposure pathways and total CR value were within the range of acceptable risks. Thus, in terms of recreational uses, the reservoir is considered to be safe for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Memet Varol
- Malatya Turgut Özal University, Faculty of Fisheries, Malatya, Turkey.
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Leiser R, Wu GM, Neu TR, Wendt-Potthoff K. Biofouling, metal sorption and aggregation are related to sinking of microplastics in a stratified reservoir. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 176:115748. [PMID: 32247995 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic particles entering aquatic systems are rapidly colonized by microbial biofilms. The presence of microbial biomass may cause sinking of particles and as a consequence prevent their transport to the oceans. We studied microbial colonization of different polymer particles exposed in the epi-, meta- and hypolimnion of a freshwater reservoir during late summer for 47 days. Parameters measured included biofilm formation, metal sorption and sinking velocities. Microbial biofilms contained bacteria, cyanobacteria and algae as well as inorganic particles such as iron oxides. Regardless of biofilm thickness and biovolumes of different biofilm constituents, single polyethylene (PE) particles stayed buoyant, whereas the sinking velocity of single polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles did not change significantly compared to initial values. During exposition, a mixing event occurred, by which anoxic, iron-rich water from the hypolimnion was mixed with water from upper layers. This induced aggregation and sinking of hypolimnetic PE particles together with organic matter, cyanobacteria colonies and iron minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Leiser
- Department of Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Brückstraße 3a, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Gi-Mick Wu
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas R Neu
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Brückstraße 3a, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Wendt-Potthoff
- Department of Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Brückstraße 3a, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany
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12
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Varol M, Canpolat Ö, Eriş KK, Çağlar M. Trace metals in core sediments from a deep lake in eastern Turkey: Vertical concentration profiles, eco-environmental risks and possible sources. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 189:110060. [PMID: 31821939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The contents of 12 trace metals (Hg, As, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Al and Fe) in two sediment cores (Hz11-P02 and Hz11-P09) from the Lake Hazar, one of the deepest natural lakes in Turkey, were examined to evaluate vertical concentration profiles, possible sources, pollution status and eco-environmental risks of these metals. The highest concentrations of Cd and As were detected in the upper part (0-10 cm depths) of core Hz11-P02, while Hg concentration was at a maximum in the upper part of core Hz11-P09. The concentrations of other metals except Cr were the highest in the bottom layer (depths below 100 cm) of both cores. Among trace metals (TMs), Cr, Ni, Al and Mn in core Hz11-P02 and Mn in core Hz11-P09 showed statistically significant correlations with core depth (p < 0.01). The mean concentrations of Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, Al and Fe in core Hz11-P02 were significantly higher than those in core Hz11-P09 (p < 0.01). Also, the mean enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index and contamination factor values of As, Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb and Hg were higher in core Hz11-P02. The ecological risk index (RI) values for core Hz11-P02 were between 150 and 300 in 40.3% of the samples, indicating "moderate ecological risk", whereas the RI values for core Hz11-P09 were <150 in 100% of the samples, indicating "low ecological risk". Factor, cluster and correlation analyses, and contamination indices indicated that As and Hg in core Hz11-P02 predominantly originated from anthropogenic sources, while 12 trace metals in core Hz11-P09 derived from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Memet Varol
- Malatya Turgut Özal University, Faculty of Fisheries, Malatya, Turkey.
| | | | - Kürşad Kadir Eriş
- İTÜ EMCOL and Geological Engineering Department, Faculty of Mining, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Çağlar
- Fırat University, Faculty of Fisheries, Elazığ, Turkey
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Hahn J, Opp C, Ganzenmüller R, Ewert A, Schneider B, Zitzer N, Laufenberg G. Catchment soils as a factor of trace metal accumulation in sediments of the reservoir Klingenberg (eastern Ore Mountains, Germany). J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 86:1-14. [PMID: 31787174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The release and accumulation dynamics of trace metals in soils and aquatic sediments were exemplarily investigated in the catchment area of the Reservoir Klingenberg (Germany). Catchment soils were examined for mobilizable and total concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chrome (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) and compared with trace metal quantities accumulated in riverbed and reservoir sediments. The comparison of all samples showed relatively small variations of Cr (7.96-46.0 mg/kg), Fe (7.79-40.4 g/kg), and Ni (6.06-56.5 mg/kg), while stronger differences were found for As (11.2-164 mg/kg), Cd (0.14-30.5 mg/kg), Mn (0.08-1.84 g/kg), Pb (20.7-183 mg/kg), and Zn (69.1-916 mg/kg). The catchment soils were slightly enriched by Cd, Pb, and Zn. Especially Cd and Zn were characterized by large mobilizable proportions. The mean trace metal concentrations in riverbed sediments were higher than in catchment soils, while reservoir sediments accumulated the highest amounts of the analyzed elements. The enrichment of trace metals in reservoir sediments was generally determined by the sedimentation of fine particles, while the distribution of As, Fe, and Mn was additionally impacted by redox conditions. For Cd and Zn, which in comparison were most enriched in riverbed and reservoir sediments, a significant release from soils by leaching processes was observed. The accumulation of As and Pb in reservoir sediments was influenced to a greater extent by soil erosion and by anthropogenic or chalcogen sources in the catchment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hahn
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Working Group for Hydro- and Soil Geography, Deutschhausstr. 10, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Opp
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Working Group for Hydro- and Soil Geography, Deutschhausstr. 10, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Raphael Ganzenmüller
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Working Group for Hydro- and Soil Geography, Deutschhausstr. 10, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anntke Ewert
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Working Group for Hydro- and Soil Geography, Deutschhausstr. 10, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Schneider
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Geography, Physical Geography, Johannisallee 19a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nina Zitzer
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Mass Spectrometry, Marbacher Weg 6-10, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Laufenberg
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Mass Spectrometry, Marbacher Weg 6-10, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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Li R, Tang C, Li X, Jiang T, Shi Y, Cao Y. Reconstructing the historical pollution levels and ecological risks over the past sixty years in sediments of the Beijiang River, South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:448-460. [PMID: 30179810 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Three sediment cores were collected from the Beijiang River to investigate the effects of human activities on the geochemical fractions of trace metals (Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Fe) and to reconstruct the ecological risks for the period 1951-2015. Cd had the highest concentration in exchangeable and carbonate fractions and was probably contributed by smelting wastewater. High Cu, Zn and Pb contents were observed in the iron oxide fraction (mean values of 32.2%, 38.2% and 43.9%, respectively), reflecting the influence of mining activities. Flood events led to coarser sediment grain sizes and higher trace metal residual fractions at upstream sites (S1 and S2). Similar to the mining history of the basin, the excess metal fluxes of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Fe in the 210Pb-dating core (S3) increased slowly from 1951 to 1987, increased rapidly from 1988 to 1998 and decreased gradually after 1999 because of government intervention. However, the excess Cd flux decreased continuously from 1951 to 1961, increased from 1961 to 2005, and declined by approximately 78.2% from 2005 to 2014. The excess Ni and Cr fluxes increased noticeably after 1996 because of the increasing sedimentation rate after the construction of the Feilai Gorge Dam. The enrichment factor (EF) and ratio of secondary and primary phases (RSP) indicated that sediments (S3) were moderately to strongly polluted by Cu, Zn and Pb from 1961 to 2007 and extremely polluted by Cd from 1951 to 2011. Human activities increased the bioavailable metal concentrations and resulted in a high risk of toxicity to benthic organisms, especially during intense mining activity (1990s) and Cd pollution incidents (2005). Cd and Pb were primarily responsible for the sediment toxicity in the Beijiang River. The integrated pollution and risk assessment methods provided a clearer understanding of the aquatic environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135 Xingangxi Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Changyuan Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135 Xingangxi Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China.
| | - Xing Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135 Xingangxi Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135 Xingangxi Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China.
| | - Yanping Shi
- School of Economics and Statistics, Guangzhou University, No. 230 Waihuanxi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yingjie Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135 Xingangxi Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China.
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Hahn J, Opp C, Evgrafova A, Groll M, Zitzer N, Laufenberg G. Impacts of dam draining on the mobility of heavy metals and arsenic in water and basin bottom sediments of three studied dams in Germany. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:1072-1081. [PMID: 30021272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The draining of a dam is a relatively rare event, however, it can have severe consequences for a watercourse connected to that reservoir. In order to understand the effects of the draining on the mobility of pollutants stored in the bottom sediments, the concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic were measured in pore water, river water, and sediments sampled from three emptied reservoirs in Germany. Two of these sites were analyzed immediately after the draining, while the third reservoir was studied one and a half years after the complete discharge of the stored water. Heavy metal and arsenic concentrations within the sediments varied among the studied dams as a result of different geological characteristics and the degree of anthropogenic impacts. Based on the analysis of pore water samples, the concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic were not significantly altered shortly after the draining. However, increased concentrations of As, Fe, Cd, Ni, and Zn were measured in pore water samples after a longer duration of sediment exposure, which altered the redox conditions and sediment properties. The changes in Cu, Cr, Mn, and Pb concentrations in pore water samples were less pronounced. As a result of the pore water drainage increased dissolved heavy metal concentrations were found in the discharge water immediately after draining. At the third site, which had been emptied for one and a half years, only for Mn, a concentration increase was detected in the reservoir discharge water, which emphasizes the strong temporal dynamic of the mobilization of the analyzed elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hahn
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Faculty of Geography, Working Group for Hydro- and Soil Geography, Deutschhausstr. 10, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Opp
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Faculty of Geography, Working Group for Hydro- and Soil Geography, Deutschhausstr. 10, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Alevtina Evgrafova
- University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, Geography Department, Universitätsstr. 1, 56070 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Michael Groll
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Faculty of Geography, Working Group for Hydro- and Soil Geography, Deutschhausstr. 10, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Nina Zitzer
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mass Spectrometry, Marbacher Weg 6-10, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Gabriela Laufenberg
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mass Spectrometry, Marbacher Weg 6-10, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
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Sedláček J, Bábek O, Nováková T. Sedimentary record and anthropogenic pollution of a complex, multiple source fed dam reservoirs: An example from the Nové Mlýny reservoir, Czech Republic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:1456-1471. [PMID: 27577173 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
While numerous studies of dam reservoirs contamination are reported world-wide, we present a missing link in the study of reservoirs sourced from multiple river catchments. In such reservoirs, different point sources of contaminants and variable composition of their sedimentary matrices add to extremely complex geochemical patterns. We studied a unique, step-wise filled Nové Mlýny dam reservoir, Czech Republic, which consists of three interconnected sub-basins. Their source areas are located in units with contrasting geology and different levels and sources of contamination. The aim of this study is to provide an insight into the provenance of the sediment, including lithogenic elements and anthropogenic pollutants, to investigate the sediment dispersal across the reservoir, and to assess the heavy metal pollution in each basin. The study is based on multi-proxy stratigraphic analysis and geochemistry of sediment cores. There is a considerable gradient in the sediment grain size, brightness, MS and geochemistry, which reflects changing hydrodynamic energy conditions and primary pelagic production of CaCO3. The thickness of sediments generally decreases from proximal to distal parts, but underwater currents can accumulate higher amounts of sediments in distal parts near the thalweg line. Average sedimentation rates vary over a wide range from 0.58cm/yr to 2.33cm/yr. In addition, the petrophysical patterns, concentrations of lithogenic elements and their ratios made it possible to identify two main provenance areas, the Dyje River catchment (upper basin) and the Svratka and Jihlava River catchments (middle and lower basin). Enrichment factors (EF) were used for distinguishing the anthropogenic element contribution from the local background levels. We found moderate Zn and Cu pollution (EF ~2 to 5) in the upper basin and Zn, Cu and Pb (EF ~2 to 4.5) in the middle basin with the peak contamination in the late 1980s, indicating that the two basins have different contamination histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sedláček
- Department of Geology, Palacký University of Olomouc, Tř. 17 listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Bábek
- Department of Geology, Palacký University of Olomouc, Tř. 17 listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Geological Sciences, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Nováková
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Husinec-Řež 1001, 250 68, Řež, Czech Republic
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Frémion F, Bordas F, Mourier B, Lenain JF, Kestens T, Courtin-Nomade A. Influence of dams on sediment continuity: A study case of a natural metallic contamination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 547:282-294. [PMID: 26789366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sediments play an important role on the quality of aquatic ecosystems, notably in the reservoir areas where they can either be a sink or a source of contaminants, depending on the management and hydrological conditions. The physicochemical properties of 25 surface sediments samples of a reservoir catchment (Vaussaire, Cantal, France) were studied. Results show a strong influence of dam presence, notably on the grain size and organic matter (OM) contents. The concentrations of trace metals and metalloids (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) were also measured and compared with worldwide reservoir concentrations and international sediment quality guideline levels in order to assess the intensity of the metallic contamination. Cr and Ni are the trace elements presenting the significantly highest values at the catchment scale. Enrichment Factors (EF), calculated using both local and national backgrounds, show that metals have mainly a natural origin, explaining especially the Cr and Ni values, linked with the composition of parental rocks. Unexpectedly, all the observed metal concentrations are lower in the reservoir than upstream and downstream, which might be related to the high fresh OM inputs in the reservoir, diluting the global metallic contamination. Multivariate statistical analyses, carried out in order to identify the relationship between the studied metals and sediment characteristics, tend to support this hypothesis, confirming the unusually low influence of such poorly-degraded OM on trace element accumulation in the reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Frémion
- Groupement de Recherche Eau Sol Environnement, Université de Limoges, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - François Bordas
- Groupement de Recherche Eau Sol Environnement, Université de Limoges, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Brice Mourier
- Groupement de Recherche Eau Sol Environnement, Université de Limoges, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Lenain
- Groupement de Recherche Eau Sol Environnement, Université de Limoges, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Tim Kestens
- EDF-DPIH, Unité de Production Centre, 19 bis avenue de la Révolution, BP 406, 87012 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Alexandra Courtin-Nomade
- Groupement de Recherche Eau Sol Environnement, Université de Limoges, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France.
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Wang S, Wang Y, Zhang R, Wang W, Xu D, Guo J, Li P, Yu K. Historical levels of heavy metals reconstructed from sedimentary record in the Hejiang River, located in a typical mining region of Southern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 532:645-654. [PMID: 26119379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Historical levels of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, As, Fe, Al and Mn were found in C1 and C2 sediment cores from the Hejiang River, which is located in a typical mining region of Southern China, the levels date back approximately 57 and 83 years. Temporal variations in the core C1 around the mining peaked in the 1960s, after which they exhibited a decreasing trend, which reflects successful government management. Historical events such as the Pacific War and China's first 5-year economic plan were recorded in core C2, which was collected from the downstream portion of the Hejiang River. Enrichment factors (EF), geo-accumulation (Igeo), and excess flux indicate that severe contamination occurred during the period between 1956 and 1985 due to the release of high amounts of mining waste from human activities around the core C1 region. The highest EF value was displayed by As (67); this was followed by Pb (64), Cd (39), and Zn (35). In contrast, the core C2 sediments exhibited minor pollution because of dilution from tributaries (the Fu River and the Daning River) that do not flow through the mined area and because C2 was farther from the source of the metals. The results of the risk assessment codes (RAC) for both cores indicate that Cd posed a high risk to the local environment. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis (CA) revealed that accumulation of heavy metals was mainly due to mining pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Weitao Wang
- School of Environment, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Daoquan Xu
- School of Environment, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Environment, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Pingyang Li
- School of Environment, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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Resongles E, Casiot C, Freydier R, Dezileau L, Viers J, Elbaz-Poulichet F. Persisting impact of historical mining activity to metal (Pb, Zn, Cd, Tl, Hg) and metalloid (As, Sb) enrichment in sediments of the Gardon River, Southern France. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 481:509-21. [PMID: 24631614 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed past and present influence of ancient mining activity on metal(loid) enrichment in sediments of a former mining watershed (Gardon River, SE France), that is now industrialized and urbanized. A sedimentary archive and current sediments were characterized combining geochemical analyses, zinc isotopic analyses and sequential extractions. The archive was used to establish local geochemical background and recorded (i) increasing enrichment factors (EFs) for Pb, Zn, Cd, Tl, Hg, As and Sb throughout the industrial era, (ii) a contamination peak in 1976 attributed to a tailings dam failure, and (iii) current levels in 2002 and 2011 similar to those of 1969, except for Sb and Hg, reflecting a persisting contamination pattern. Inter-element relationships and spatial distribution of EF values of current sediments throughout the watershed suggested that both ancient and current contamination had a common origin for Pb, Zn, Cd, Tl and As related to the exploitation of Pb/Zn mineralization while old Sb mines and coal extraction area were the main sources for Sb and Hg respectively. This prevailing mining origin was reflected for Zn by a relatively uniform isotopic composition at δ(66)Zn=0.23 ± 0.03‰, although slight decrease from 0.23‰ to 0.18‰ was recorded from upstream to downstream sites along the river course in relation with the contribution of the lighter δ(66)Zn signature (~0.08‰) of acid mine drainage impacted tributaries. Results from sequential extractions revealed that the potential mobility of the studied metal(loid)s varied in the order Sb<Tl≈As<Zn<Pb<Cd, with an increase of the mobile pool for Cd, Pb, Zn and to a lesser extent for As and Tl associated to increased enrichment. Altogether, these results tend to demonstrate that ancient mining activity still contributes to metal enrichment in the sediments of the Gardon River and that some of these metals may be mobilized toward the water compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Resongles
- HydroSciences UMR 5569, CNRS, Universités Montpellier I & II, IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC MSE, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Corinne Casiot
- HydroSciences UMR 5569, CNRS, Universités Montpellier I & II, IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC MSE, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Rémi Freydier
- HydroSciences UMR 5569, CNRS, Universités Montpellier I & II, IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC MSE, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Laurent Dezileau
- Géosciences UMR 5243, CNRS, Universités Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 60, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jérôme Viers
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse UMR 5563, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, IRD, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Elbaz-Poulichet
- HydroSciences UMR 5569, CNRS, Universités Montpellier I & II, IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC MSE, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Forensic Assessment of Metal Contaminated Rivers in the 21st Century Using Geochemical and Isotopic Tracers. MINERALS 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/min3020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Vanhoudt N, Vandenhove H, Real A, Bradshaw C, Stark K. A review of multiple stressor studies that include ionising radiation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 168:177-192. [PMID: 22634132 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies were reviewed that investigated the combined effects of ionising radiation and other stressors on non-human biota. The aim was to determine the state of research in this area of science, and determine if a review of the literature might permit a gross generalization as to whether the combined effects of multi-stressors and radiation are fundamentally additive, synergistic or antagonistic. A multiple stressor database was established for different organism groups. Information was collected on species, stressors applied and effects evaluated. Studies were mostly laboratory based and investigated two-component mixtures. Interactions declared positive occurred in 58% of the studies, while 26% found negative interactions. Interactions were dependent on dose/concentration, on organism's life stage and exposure time and differed among endpoints. Except for one study, none of the studies predicted combined effects following Concentration Addition or Independent Action, and hence, no justified conclusions can be made about synergism or antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Vanhoudt
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK·CEN), Biosphere Impact Studies, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
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Lanceleur L, Schäfer J, Chiffoleau JF, Blanc G, Auger D, Renault S, Baudrimont M, Audry S. Long-term records of cadmium and silver contamination in sediments and oysters from the Gironde fluvial-estuarine continuum - evidence of changing silver sources. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 85:1299-305. [PMID: 21868056 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Gironde fluvial estuarine system is impacted by historic metal pollution (e.g. Cd, Zn, Hg) and oysters (Crassostrea gigas) from the estuary mouth have shown extremely high Cd concentrations for decades. Based on recent work (Chiffoleau et al., 2005) revealing anomalously high Ag concentrations (up to 65 mg kg(-1); dry weight) in Gironde oysters, we compared long-term (~1955-2001) records of Ag and Cd concentrations in reservoir sediment with the respective concentrations in oysters collected between 1979 and 2010 to identify the origin and historical trend of the recently discovered Ag anomaly. Sediment cores from two reservoirs upstream and downstream from the main metal pollution source provided information on (i) geochemical background (upstream; Ag: ~0.3 mg kg(-1); Cd: ~0.8 mg kg(-1)) and (ii) historical trends in Ag and Cd pollution. The results showed parallel concentration-depth profiles of Ag and Cd supporting a common source and transport. Decreasing concentrations since 1986 (Cd: from 300 to 11 mg kg(-1); Ag: from 6.7 to 0.43 mg kg(-1)) reflected the termination of Zn ore treatment in the Decazeville basin followed by remediation actions. Accordingly, Cd concentrations in oysters decreased after 1988 (from 109 to 26 mg kg(-1), dry weight (dw)), while Ag bioaccumulation increased from 38 up to 116 mg kg(-1), dw after 1993. Based on the Cd/Ag ratio (Cd/Ag~2) in oysters sampled before the termination of zinc ore treatment (1981-1985) and assuming that nearly all Cd in oysters originated from the metal point source, we estimated the respective contribution of Ag from this source to Ag concentrations in oysters. The evolution over the past 30 years clearly suggested that the recent, unexplained Ag concentrations in oysters are due to increasing contributions (>70% after 1999) by other sources, such as photography, electronics and emerging Ag applications/materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Lanceleur
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Av. des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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Dang TH, Coynel A, Orange D, Blanc G, Etcheber H, Le LA. Long-term monitoring (1960-2008) of the river-sediment transport in the Red River Watershed (Vietnam): temporal variability and dam-reservoir impact. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:4654-64. [PMID: 20673966 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The Red River (China/Vietnam, A=155,000 km(2)) is a typical humid tropics river originating from the mountainous area of Yunnan Province in China. Based on information on daily discharge (Q) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration between 1960-2008 for the SonTay gauging station (outlet of the River and entry to the Delta) provided by the National Institute IMHE-MONRE, the mean annual SPM flux was estimated at 90 Mt/yr, corresponding to a sediment yield of 600 t/km(2)/yr. The temporal variability of annual SPM fluxes (ranging from 24 to 200 Mt/yr) is strongly related to the interannual hydrological conditions. However, some years of high water flow were not associated with high sediment fluxes, especially after 1989 when the HoaBinh dam came into operation. Therefore, the median discharge pre- (3389 m(3)/s) and post 1989 (3495 m(3)/s) are similar indicating there was little or no change between both periods. Sediment rating curves (power law-type; SPM=aQ(b)) were fitted for both periods (1960-1989; 1990-2008). The analysis of the pre- and post-1989 sediment rating parameters (a, b) suggests a downshift of b-parameter values after 1989, attributed to a decrease of the sediment supply due to the commissioning of the HoaBinh dam. A single sediment rating curve derived from 1960-1989 data was used to simulate the annual variability of former sediment delivery, generating excellent cumulative flux estimates (error ~1%). In contrast, applying the same rating curve to the 1990-2008 data resulted in systematic and substantial (up to 109%) overestimation. This suggests that the HoaBinh dam reduces annual SPM delivery to the delta by half, implying important metal/metalloid storage behind the HoaBinh dam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ha Dang
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence, France
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Gramowska H, Krzyzaniak I, Baralkiewicz D, Goldyn R. Environmental applications of ICP-MS for simultaneous determination of trace elements and statistical data analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 160:479-90. [PMID: 19190993 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0712-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Water samples collected from two lakes separated from each other by the cascade of four small lowland reservoirs were subjected to analyses in order to compare contamination levels in these ecosystems. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine eight elements: Al, As, Cd, Cr, Li, Mn, Sb, and Zn. Statistical methods were applied in order to assess the degree of self-purification of water, during its flow from Swarzedzkie Lake to Malta Lake. Obtained distinctly, lower concentrations of all studied elements in Malta Lake than in Swarzedzkie Lake indicated the role of self-purification processes, which occurred in the distance between these lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanka Gramowska
- Department of Trace Elements Analysis by Spectroscopy Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780, Poznań, Poland
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The junction of Fensch and Moselle rivers, France; mineralogy and composition of river materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00254-006-0621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Heavy metals in sediments as evidence for recent pollution and quasi-estuarine processes: an example from Lake Druzno, Poland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00254-006-0616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Koutsospyros A, Braida W, Christodoulatos C, Dermatas D, Strigul N. A review of tungsten: from environmental obscurity to scrutiny. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2006; 136:1-19. [PMID: 16343746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery, tungsten, a transition element of Group VIb of the Periodic Table of Elements, and its compounds have been considered environmentally benign. Its presence in biological and drinking water samples in Fallon, Nevada, an acute lymphocytic leukemia cluster struck community has alarmed public health, environmental and regulatory agencies. Tungsten, a metal of extraordinary properties that make it hardly substitutable, is considered an essential commodity with a wide variety of uses stretching from household necessities to highly specialized applications. This work is undertaken in order to explore aspects of environmental behavior of tungsten and its compounds. Occurrence data in terrestrial, atmospheric, aquatic and biotic systems are presented. Various aspects of environmental chemistry, fate transport across environmental interfaces and toxicology are discussed with the objective of identifying knowledge gaps and outlining directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Koutsospyros
- Department of Mechanical, Civil, and Environmental Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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Karlsson S, Grahn E, Düker A, Bäckström M. Historical pollution of seldom monitored trace elements in Sweden—Part A: Sediment properties and chronological indicators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 8:721-31. [PMID: 16826285 DOI: 10.1039/b601944g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sediment cores from four small oligotrophic boreal lakes, with minor acidification, in remote regions of central Sweden were used for historical interpretation of their metal content, with focus on Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn in Lake Stensjön, which has the longest sediment record (at least two centuries according to (210)Pb dating). Comparison is made with the other three lakes. Major and trace elements in lake water, porewater and the acid-leached (HNO(3)) solid sediment phase was analysed with ICP-MS. In addition, general lake water chemistry, TOC and principal anions were measured in the aqueous phases. Redistribution processes were interpreted from geochemical modelling. The solid/solution distribution of pe/pH sensitive elements, indicates a minor diagenetic redistribution and the concentration profiles are therefore suitable for chronological evaluation. The ratios of Al, Ti, Sc and V, indicated a qualitative shift of sedimenting material a century ago, which did not have any impact on the retention of trace elements. Lead had a concentration profile, supported by the (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratio, where it was possible to distinguish preindustrial conditions, early industrialisation in Europe, industrialisation in Sweden, and the use of leaded petrol after the Second World War. Cadmium showed a similar concentration pattern. The zinc profile resembled that of cadmium, but with less enrichment. Local lithogenic sources are believed to be quantitatively important. The solid/solution distribution (K(d)) was independent of depth for all four elements. The sediment concentrations of copper and zinc are not related to early industrialisation but its concentration has doubled since the Second World War.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karlsson
- Department of Natural Sciences, Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, Orebro University, SE-701 82, Orebro, Sweden.
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Audry S, Schäfer J, Blanc G, Jouanneau JM. Fifty-year sedimentary record of heavy metal pollution (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb) in the Lot River reservoirs (France). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2004; 132:413-26. [PMID: 15325457 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2004] [Accepted: 05/21/2004] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The Lot-Garonne fluvial system is known for its historic heavy metal pollution resulting from mining and smelting activities since the late 19th century. Here, we report 137Cs activities and heavy metal (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb and V) concentration-depth profiles from sediment cores retrieved in 2001 from three reservoirs in the Lot River. High mean sedimentation rates of 2.4-2.8 cm a(-1) are indicated by 137Cs dating. The reservoir sediments have recorded the heavy metal deposition and thus allow establishing a connection between the temporal evolution of the heavy metal pollution and historical changes in smelting and waste-treatment proceedings. Based on heavy metal concentrations in sediments upstream of the anthropogenic inputs and bottom-sediments of the furthest downstream core (interpreted as old soil or riverbed), concentrations of approximately 17, approximately 82, approximately 0.33 and approximately 28 mg kg(-1) for Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb, respectively, are proposed as natural background values for the Lot fluvial system. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo [Müller, G., 1979. Schwermetalle in den Sedimenten des Rheins-Veränderungen seit. Umschav 79, 133-149.]) revealed that the Lot River sediments must be considered as "severely polluted" in Cd and Zn. Moreover, despite remediation efforts undertaken in the former smelting site, the Lot River is still "severely" (Igeo approximately 4) and "moderately to severely" (Igeo>2) impacted by Cd and Zn inputs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Audry
- Traceurs Géochimiques et Minéralogiques team, Université Bordeaux 1, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Avenue des facultés, 33405 Talence cedex, France.
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Arnason JG, Fletcher BA. A 40+ year record of Cd, Hg, Pb, and U deposition in sediments of Patroon Reservoir, Albany County, NY, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2003; 123:383-91. [PMID: 12667766 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(03)00015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sediments of the Patroon Creek watershed (33 km(2)) are known to contain significant concentrations of heavy metals derived from two industrial sites within the watershed. Mercury Refining, Inc (Mereco) has stored and recycled Hg from 1955 to the present day, and National Lead Industries (NLI) manufactured aircraft components containing Cd, Pb, and U from 1958 to 1984. Here we present the first record of heavy metal deposition as preserved in a 3-m long sediment core collected in 1999 from Patroon Reservoir, a small water body (1.3 ha) downstream of the industrial sites. Bulk sediment samples were collected from the core at 0.05-m intervals and analyzed for total Cd, Pb, and U by ICP-MS and total Hg by CVAAS. Total Hg increases from less than 1 mg kg(-1) (dw) below 1.68 m, to a maximum of 6.2 mg kg(-1) at 0.80 m, and then declines to the sediment-water interface. Total Cd, Pb, and U concentrations increase abruptly above 1.68 m to maximum values of 25, 320, and 3600 mg kg(-1) (dw), respectively, and then decline gradually upwards. By correlating metal profiles with industrial history, we conclude that the 1.68 m horizon was deposited no earlier than 1958, the beginning of aircraft component manufacturing at NLI. The average, apparent sedimentation rate within the reservoir has a minimum value of approximately 0.04 m year(-1) for the 41-year period from 1958 to 1999. In the interval 0--1.68 m, average concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, and U are 1.69, 1.50, 461, and 13 mg kg(-1), respectively. These levels are comparable with other lake, reservoir and stream sediments that have been moderately to severely impacted by industrial pollution and are above levels expected to be detrimental to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Arnason
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, The University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
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