1
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Pankow A, Krusche M. [The most frequent febrile syndromes and autoinflammatory diseases in adulthood]. Z Rheumatol 2024; 83:363-375. [PMID: 38802504 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-024-01522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases are characterized by inflammatory manifestations in various organ systems, whereby recurrent febrile episodes, musculoskeletal complaints, gastrointestinal and cutaneous symptoms frequently occur accompanied by serological signs of inflammation. Autoinflammatory diseases include rare monogenic entities and multifactorial or polygenic diseases, which can manifest as a variety of symptoms in the course of time. Examples of monogenic autoinflammatory diseases are familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) and the recently described VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X‑linked, autoinflammatory and somatic) syndrome. For non-monogenically determined autoinflammatory diseases, the most important representatives in adulthood are adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) and the Schnitzler syndrome, in which a polygenic susceptibility and epigenetic factors are more likely to play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Pankow
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und klinische Immunologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
- Ambulanz für seltene entzündliche Systemerkrankungen mit Nierenbeteiligung, Abteilung für Nieren- und Hochdruckerkrankungen, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
| | - Martin Krusche
- Nephrologie, Rheumatologie, Endokrinologie, III. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Martinistr. 52, 20251, Hamburg, Deutschland
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2
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Braud A, Lipsker D. Schnitzler Syndrome: Insights into Its Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Current Management. Biomolecules 2024; 14:646. [PMID: 38927050 PMCID: PMC11202231 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Schnitzler syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by a chronic urticarial rash associated with immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal gammopathy. Schnitzler syndrome shares strong clinicopathologic similarities with monogenic IL-1-mediated autoinflammatory disorders and is now considered an acquired adult-onset autoinflammatory disease. The spectacular effect of interleukin-1 inhibitors demonstrates the key role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of the disease. However, the physiopathology of Schnitzler syndrome remains elusive, and the main question regarding the relationship between autoinflammatory features and monoclonal gammopathy is still unanswered. The purpose of this narrative review is to describe what is currently known about the pathogenesis of this peculiar disease, as well as to address its diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Braud
- Dermatologic Clinic, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France;
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3
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Chu CQ. Schnitzler syndrome-An underdiagnosed adult-onset autoinflammatory disease. Int J Rheum Dis 2024; 27:e14925. [PMID: 37737513 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Qiu Chu
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Rheumatology Section, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
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4
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Migita K, Fujita Y, Asano T, Sato S. The Expanding Spectrum of Autoinflammatory Diseases. Intern Med 2023; 62:43-50. [PMID: 36596474 PMCID: PMC9876706 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.09279-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases are systemic disorders caused by genetic or acquired abnormalities in certain signaling pathways of the innate immune system. Dysregulated activation of the inflammasome, i.e. molecular platforms responsible for the activation of caspase-1 and production of interleukin-1β, causes autoinflammation. Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the most common genetic autoinflammatory disease, is characterized by a periodic fever and serositis. The complex and heterogeneous genetic background of Japanese FMF patients, accompanied by potential overlap with other rheumatic diseases, suggests crosstalk between genetic and environmental factors. Recently, FMF has been recognized as being part of a spectrum of autoinflammatory syndromes named pyrin-associated autoinflammatory diseases. The discovery of a new monogenic autoinflammatory disease, A20 haploinsufficiency, may provide novel insights into early-onset Behçet's-like diseases. In contrast, adult-onset Still's disease and Schnitzler's syndrome are acquired autoinflammatory diseases without a monogenic abnormality. Although the concept of autoinflammatory diseases originally applied to monogenic hereditary recurrent fevers, it has been expanded to include non-genetic complex autoinflammatory diseases. Information concerning monogenic autoinflammatory diseases may prove useful for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying non-genetic autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Migita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuya Fujita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Asano
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shuzo Sato
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
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5
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Marinkovic A, Zypchen LN, Chan J, Chen LY, Parkin S. Monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance: what the rheumatologist needs to know. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2022; 4:e362-e373. [PMID: 38294033 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(21)00348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal proteins can provide important information on the diagnosis of several non-malignant systemic inflammatory disorders. At low concentration, they most commonly represent monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), whereas high concentrations often signify plasma cell myeloma or B-cell lymphoma. However, several rare inflammatory conditions associated with variable concentrations of monoclonal proteins, systemic symptoms, and organ dysfunction also exist. These conditions are termed monoclonal gammopathies of clinical significance (MGCS). Patients with MGCS might present to rheumatologists with undiagnosed systemic inflammatory disorders and the monoclonal protein provides an important, underappreciated clue for diagnosis. In this Review, we provide an approach to distinguishing MGCS from MGUS and lymphoid neoplasms, focusing on four rare MGCS that rheumatologists must recognise: scleromyxedema, Schnitzler's syndrome, idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome (also known as Clarkson's disease), and telangiectasias, elevated erythropoietin and erythrocytosis, monoclonal gammopathy, perinephric fluid collections, and intrapulmonary shunting (known as TEMPI) syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Marinkovic
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Leslie N Zypchen
- Division of Hematology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Chan
- Division of Rheumatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Luke Yc Chen
- Division of Hematology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Health Education Scholarship, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Parkin
- Division of Hematology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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6
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Kecelj Žgank B, Benko M. A patient with urticarial lesions, recurrent fever, and IgM-type monoclonal gammopathy. ACTA DERMATOVENEROLOGICA ALPINA PANNONICA ET ADRIATICA 2022. [DOI: 10.15570/actaapa.2022.s9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Migita K, Fujita Y, Asano T, Sato S. The Expanding Spectrum of Autoinflammatory Diseases. Intern Med 2022:9279-21. [PMID: 35314554 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9279-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases are systemic disorders caused by genetic or acquired abnormalities in certain signaling pathways of the innate immune system. Dysregulated activation of the inflammasome, i.e. molecular platforms responsible for the activation of caspase-1 and production of interleukin-1β, causes autoinflammation. Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the most common genetic autoinflammatory disease, is characterized by a periodic fever and serositis. The complex and heterogeneous genetic background of Japanese FMF patients, accompanied by potential overlap with other rheumatic diseases, suggests crosstalk between genetic and environmental factors. Recently, FMF has been recognized as being part of a spectrum of autoinflammatory syndromes named pyrin-associated autoinflammatory diseases. The discovery of a new monogenic autoinflammatory disease, A20 haploinsufficiency, may provide novel insights into early-onset Behçet's-like diseases. In contrast, adult-onset Still's disease and Schnitzler's syndrome are acquired autoinflammatory diseases without a monogenic abnormality. Although the concept of autoinflammatory diseases originally applied to monogenic hereditary recurrent fevers, it has been expanded to include non-genetic complex autoinflammatory diseases. Information concerning monogenic autoinflammatory diseases may prove useful for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying non-genetic autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Migita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuya Fujita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Asano
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shuzo Sato
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
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8
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Abstract
Schnitzler syndrome is a rare disease of adult-onset with main features including chronic urticarial rash, recurrent fever, arthralgia or arthritis, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and marked systemic inflammation. Schnitzler syndrome is often underdiagnosed. Patients with Schnitzler syndrome may present to dermatologists and allergists for urticaria, hematologists for MGUS, or rheumatologists for arthritis. It is important to recognize Schnitzler syndrome for its remarkable response to interleukin (IL)-1 blockade. Besides, many cases of Schnitzler-like syndromes do not meet the diagnostic criteria of classical Schnitzler syndrome but display excellent response to IL-1 inhibitors. The overly produced IL-1 is the result of a somatic mosaic gain of function mutation of NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain [NOD]-like receptor [NLR] family pyrin domain containing 3) gene in some patients with Schnitzler-like syndromes. Inflammasome activation is evident in patients with classical Schnitzler syndrome although no NLRP3 gene mutation is identified. Collectively, Schnitzler syndrome and Schnitzler-like syndromes represent a spectrum of IL-1 mediated adult-onset autoinflammatory diseases.
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9
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Gusdorf L, Lipsker D. Schnitzler Syndrome: the paradigm of an acquired adult-onset auto-inflammatory disease. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2020; 155:567-573. [PMID: 33295738 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.20.06692-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schnitzler Syndrome is a rare acquired auto-inflammatory syndrome defined by an urticarial eruption and a monoclonal gammopathy, mainly of the IgM kappa isotype. It shares many clinical and biological features with other autoinflammatory disorders such as NLRP3-auto-inflammatory disorders (NLRP3-AID, formerly cryopyrin associated periodic syndromes or CAPS) or adult-onset Still disease (AOSD). Hence, recurrent fever, urticarial rash with a neutrophilic infiltrate on skin biopsy (i.e. neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis or NUD) and a significant elevation of blood inflammation markers are commonly found in Schnitzler Syndrome as well as in NLRP3-AID or AOSD. IL-1ß plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and explains the clinical symptoms of Schnitzler Syndrome. This is emphasized by the spectacular effectiveness of IL-1 blocking therapies, especially anakinra. IL-1 blocking therapies are efficient on the inflammation-linked symptoms but not on the monoclonal component. The evolution is chronic and about 15-20% of patients may develop lymphoproliferative disease, in particular Waldenström disease, a proportion similar to patients with IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and more rarely AA-amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Gusdorf
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, CHU de Reims, Reims, France -
| | - Dan Lipsker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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10
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Darrieutort-Laffite C, Ansquer C, Aubert H, Kraeber-Bodéré F, Masseau A, Agard C, Hamidou M, Bernier C, Berthelot JM, Le Goff B, Barbarot S, Néel A. Rheumatic involvement and bone scan features in Schnitzler syndrome: initial and follow-up data from a single-center cohort of 25 patients. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:272. [PMID: 33208192 PMCID: PMC7677784 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To report on the characteristics and long-term course of rheumatic manifestations in Schnitzler syndrome (SchS). Methods A retrospective cohort study of patients with SchS followed between 2000 and 2020. Inclusion criteria included a diagnosis of SchS (Strasbourg criteria). All available bone scans were reviewed and scored according to the intensity and number of pathological sites. The scintigraphic score was compared with the clinical activity score, CRP level, and treatments. Results Twenty-five patients were included. Median age at diagnosis was 68 years. Eighty patients (72%) had SchS-related rheumatic pain. Most patients had a long-standing isolated rash before constitutional and/or rheumatic symptoms appeared. The monoclonal component level was usually very low (IgMκ in 22/25). Rheumatic pain predominated around the knees. Bone scans revealed abnormal tracer uptake in 15/18 (85%). The scintigraphic score correlated with clinical activity (r = 0.4, p < 0.02) and CRP level (r = 0.47, p < 0.01). The scintigraphic score was lower in patients receiving corticosteroids or IL1Ra (interleukin 1 receptor antagonist) than in untreated patients (median scores:2, 0, and 13, respectively; p < 0.05). Two patients developed Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Of the 22 surviving patients, median age at follow-up was 76 years. IL1Ra was used in 13 patients, with dramatic efficacy on both symptoms and bone scan features. Conclusions Rheumatic manifestations are very prevalent in SchS. However, bone pain can be misleading and contribute to misdiagnosis. Bone scan abnormalities are very prevalent and correlate with disease activity and treatments. IL1-Ra has a dramatic and durable efficacy but may not be required in every patient early on.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hélène Aubert
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Agathe Masseau
- Department of Internal Medicine Interne, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Christian Agard
- Department of Internal Medicine Interne, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mohamed Hamidou
- Department of Internal Medicine Interne, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Jean-Marie Berthelot
- Department of Rheumatology, CHU Nantes, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Benoit Le Goff
- Department of Rheumatology, CHU Nantes, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, 44000, Nantes, France
| | | | - Antoine Néel
- Department of Internal Medicine Interne, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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11
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Bindoli S, Galozzi P, Magnani F, Rubin L, Campi C, Doria A, Cecchin D, Sfriso P. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography With Magnetic Resonance for Diagnosing Adult-Onset Still's Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:544412. [PMID: 33195296 PMCID: PMC7649810 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.544412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the advantages of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography and computed tomography with magnetic resonance (PET/CT-MR) in diagnosing and monitoring patients with adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD). Methods: Participants in this retrospective case-control study underwent whole-body 18F-FDG-PET/CT-MR imaging. All PET scans were qualitatively and semiquantitatively analyzed using standardized uptake values (SUVs) normalized to liver uptake, i.e., we calculated the ratio (SUVr) between the minimum, maximum, and mean SUVs for different organs and tissues and the mean SUV for the liver. Disease activity scores were assessed using Pouchot's criteria. Results: Eighteen patients diagnosed with AOSD and 24 controls (non-AOSD patients diagnosed with solid tumors, excluding lymphomas) were considered. A total of 38 PET/MR and nine PET/CT scans were analyzed. AOSD patients had higher SUVr than controls. All SUVr differed significantly between the patient and control group for bone marrow, and for the spleen, the only difference lacking statistical significance concerned the ratio of the minimum SUV for spleen to the mean SUV for liver. Though limited in number, AOSD responders to therapy showed lower uptakes during the period monitored. No correlations were found between Pouchot's scores and SUVr. Conclusion: Our data revealed higher spleen and bone marrow 18F-FDG uptakes on PET/CT and PET/MR images in AOSD patients than in controls. Together with clinical examinations and laboratory data, PET/CT and PET/MR seemed more reliable than Pouchot's score in assessing disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bindoli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Galozzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Magnani
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Rubin
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Campi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Diego Cecchin
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Sfriso
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
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12
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Aslam F, Wiedmeier JE, DiCaudo DJ. A Man With Recurrent Fever, Episodic Rash, and Pain. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2020; 73:1106-1113. [PMID: 31961498 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Alix L, Néel A, Cador B, Smail A, Serratrice J, Closs-Prophette F, Jego P, Devillers A, Decaux O. Diagnostic value of 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT and bone scan in Schnitzler syndrome. Autoimmunity 2019; 52:264-271. [PMID: 31646899 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2019.1680649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Schnitzler syndrome is an auto-inflammatory disease defined by chronic urticarial eruption and monoclonal gammopathy. 18F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is often performed, but its utility in Schnitzler syndrome has not been specifically investigated. The aim of this study was to determine whether PET/CT is informative in the diagnosis and follow-up of Schnitzler syndrome relative to other imaging techniques, including bone scans.Patients and methods: Patients of this study were selected from the French cohort established by Néel et al. All patients with a diagnosis of Schnitzler syndrome (according to Strasbourg's and Lipsker's criteria) who had at least one PET/CT were included. Data were collected from medical records. PET/CT scans were all reviewed by a nuclear physician blinded to the clinical and imaging data.Results: Ten patients underwent at least one PET/CT scan and all had at least one 99mTechnetium bone scan during their follow-up. The most frequent PET/CT abnormalities were diffuse bone-marrow and/or increased femoral fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, but they did not correlate with disease activity. Conversely, bone-scan abnormalities, including mainly increased radiotracer uptake in long bones, appeared to strongly correlate with Schnitzler syndrome activity.Discussion: PET/CT does not appear to be useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of Schnitzler syndrome. However, bone scans appear to be more sensitive for diagnosis and may correlate with clinical activity. Bone scans may be well positioned to distinguish Schnitzler syndrome relapse from other aetiologies of bone, joint, or muscle pain.Conclusion: Bone scans may be favoured over PET/CT in Schnitzler syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Alix
- Internal Medicine Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - A Néel
- Internal Medicine Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - B Cador
- Internal Medicine Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - A Smail
- Internal Medicine Department, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - J Serratrice
- Internal Medicine Department, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - P Jego
- Internal Medicine Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - A Devillers
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Regional Center for the Fight against Cancer, Rennes, France
| | - O Decaux
- Internal Medicine Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
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14
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Kambe N, Nguyen CTH. CCL
2 serves as a downstream effector of interleukin‐1β and tumour necrosis factor‐α signalling in Schnitzler syndrome. Br J Dermatol 2019; 180:706-707. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Kambe
- Department of Dermatology Kansai Medical University Hirakata Osaka Japan
- Allergy Center Kansai Medical University Hirakata Osaka Japan
| | - C. T. H. Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh Vietnam
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15
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Zhang XR, Jia SX, Fang MY. [Diagnosis and treatment of Schnitzler syndrome]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2018; 39:1052-1056. [PMID: 30612413 PMCID: PMC7348231 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M Y Fang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116000, China
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16
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Krause K, Sabat R, Witte-Händel E, Schulze A, Puhl V, Maurer M, Wolk K. Association of CCL2 with systemic inflammation in Schnitzler syndrome. Br J Dermatol 2018; 180:859-868. [PMID: 30339714 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schnitzler syndrome (SchS) is a rare autoinflammatory disease characterized by urticarial exanthema, bone and joint alterations, fever and monoclonal gammopathy, which manifest mostly in the second half of life. It involves overactivation of the interleukin (IL)-1 system, but the exact pathophysiological pathways remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To identify and characterize the pathogenetic players in SchS. METHODS Blood parameters were quantified in patients with SchS compared with healthy controls and patients with psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CCL2 expression in cultured primary cells was analysed by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and ELISA. RESULTS CCL2, a chemoattractant for monocytic and further mononuclear immune cells, was found to be significantly elevated in patients with SchS. CCL2 levels showed a positive association with global disease activity, especially with bone pain, but not disease duration, gammopathy, neutrophilia or skin disease. In vitro stimulation assays demonstrated a strong CCL2 production capacity of mononuclear immune cells and fibroblasts, but not epithelial or endothelial cells. Among a range of inflammatory mediators, only IL-1β (immune cells, fibroblasts) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α (fibroblasts) were important CCL2 inducers. TNF-α, but not IL-17, strengthened the CCL2-inducing effect of IL-1β in fibroblasts. Accordingly, CCL2 levels positively correlated with both TNF-α and IL-1β serum levels in patients with SchS. Therapeutic IL-1β blockade decreased CCL2 blood levels in these patients as early as 1 week after the initiation of treatment. CONCLUSIONS CCL2 may be an important component of the pathogenetic cascade leading to bone alterations, and a suitable marker of disease activity in patients with SchS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Krause
- Dermatological Allergology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Autoinflammation Reference Centre Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Sabat
- Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology and, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - E Witte-Händel
- Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology and, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Schulze
- Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology and, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - V Puhl
- Dermatological Allergology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Autoinflammation Reference Centre Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Maurer
- Dermatological Allergology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Autoinflammation Reference Centre Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Wolk
- Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology and, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We focus on recent advances in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, as well as on pathogenesis of Schnitzler syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS New diagnostic criteria were established, and their external validity was assessed in a retrospective cohort study. The cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the Schnitzler syndrome, and this explains the spectacular efficiency of IL-1 blocking therapies. The Schnitzler syndrome is now considered as a late-onset acquired autoinflammatory syndrome in which the cytokine IL-1 plays a crucial role. IL-1 blocking therapies are efficient on the inflammation-linked symptoms but not on the monoclonal component. Therefore, they probably don't reduce the risk of the development of lymphoproliferative disorders that remains the main prognostic issue. The link between autoinflammation and the monoclonal component needs to be further elucidated.
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Ricci M, Bettazzi LG, Varenna M, Marchesoni A. Atypical Bone Sclerosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:816. [PMID: 26714027 DOI: 10.1002/art.39556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Ricci
- S. Leopoldo Mandic Hospital, Lecco, Italy
| | | | - M Varenna
- Istituto Ortopedico G. Pini, Milan, Italy
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Gameiro A, Gouveia M, Pereira M, Tellechea O, Gonçalo M. Clinical characterization and long-term follow-up of Schnitzler syndrome. Clin Exp Dermatol 2016; 41:461-7. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Gameiro
- Dermatology Department; Coimbra University Hospital; Coimbra Portugal
| | - M. Gouveia
- Dermatology Department; Coimbra University Hospital; Coimbra Portugal
| | - M. Pereira
- Haematology Department; Coimbra University Hospital; Coimbra Portugal
| | - O. Tellechea
- Dermatology Department; Coimbra University Hospital; Coimbra Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - M. Gonçalo
- Dermatology Department; Coimbra University Hospital; Coimbra Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
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Barbosa NS, Schoch JJ, Ringler MD, Wetter DA. Chronic urticarial eruption associated with monoclonal gammopathy. Am J Hematol 2015; 90:365-6. [PMID: 25329746 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
Schnitzler’s syndrome is an autoinflammatory disorder characterized by the association of a monoclonal IgM (or IgG) gammopathy, a chronic urticarial rash, and signs and symptoms of systemic inflammation, including fever, arthralgias and bone pain. It was first described in 1972. This review summarizes the clinical features, efficacy of therapies, and follow-up data of the 281 cases that have been reported to date. Also, the results of skin histology, bone imaging, laboratory investigations, and studies of the pathogenesis will be discussed, including the pivotal role of interleukin-1 beta in this disorder.
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