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Marshall AJ, Gaubert A, Kapoor A, Tan A, McIntosh E, Jang JY, Yew B, Ho JK, Blanken AE, Dutt S, Sible IJ, Li Y, Rodgers K, Nation DA. Blood-Derived Progenitor Cells Are Depleted in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment: A Role for Vascular Resilience? J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:1041-1050. [PMID: 37154177 PMCID: PMC10258882 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depletion of blood-derived progenitor cells, including so called "early endothelial progenitor cells", has been observed in individuals with early stage Alzheimer's disease relative to matched older control subjects. These findings could implicate the loss of angiogenic support from hematopoietic progenitors or endothelial progenitors in cognitive dysfunction. OBJECTIVE To investigate links between progenitor cell proliferation and mild levels of cognitive dysfunction. METHODS We conducted in vitro studies of blood-derived progenitor cells using blood samples from sixty-five older adults who were free of stroke or dementia. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from venous blood samples were cultured in CFU-Hill media and the number of colony forming units were counted after 5 days in vitro. Neuropsychological testing was administered to all participants. RESULTS Fewer colony forming units were observed in samples from older adults with a Clinical Dementia Rating global score of 0.5 versus 0. Older adults whose samples developed fewer colony forming units exhibited worse performance on neuropsychological measures of memory, executive functioning, and language ability. CONCLUSION These data suggest blood progenitors may represent a vascular resilience marker related to cognitive dysfunction in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa J. Marshall
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aimee Gaubert
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Arunima Kapoor
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alick Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elissa McIntosh
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jung Yun Jang
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Belinda Yew
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean K. Ho
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anna E. Blanken
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shubir Dutt
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Isabel J. Sible
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yanrong Li
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen Rodgers
- Center for Innovations in Brain Science, Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel A. Nation
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Ha XQ, Song YJ, Zhao HB, Ta WW, Gao HW, Feng QS, Dong JZ, Deng ZY, Fan HY, Peng JH, Yang ZH, Zhao Y. Endothelial progenitor cells in peripheral blood may serve as a biological marker to predict severe acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:2592-2600. [PMID: 28465644 PMCID: PMC5394523 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i14.2592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the significance of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in predicting severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).
METHODS We recruited 71 patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) and excluded 11 of them; finally, cases of mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) (n = 30) and SAP (n = 30), and healthy volunteers (n = 20) were internalized to investigate levels of EPCs, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), fibrinogen (FIB) and white blood cells (WBC) in peripheral blood.
RESULTS The levels of TNF-α, WBC, FIB and CRP were higher both in SAP and MAP cases than in healthy volunteers (P < 0.05, all). Interestingly, the level of EPCs was higher in SAP than MAP (1.63% ± 1.47% vs 6.61% ± 4.28%, P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the MAP cases and healthy volunteers (1.63% ± 1.47% vs 0.55% ± 0.54%, P > 0.05). Receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) showed that EPCs, TNF-α, CRP and FIB were significantly associated with SAP, especially EPCs and CRP were optimal predictive markers of SAP. When the cut-off point for EPCs and CRP were 2.26% and 5.94 mg/dL, the sensitivities were 90.0% and 73.3%, and the specificities were 83.3% and 96.7%. Although, CRP had the highest specificity, and EPCs had the highest sensitivity and highest area under the curve value (0.93).
CONCLUSION Data suggest that EPCs may be a new biological marker in predicting SAP.
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Zhao J, Mitrofan CG, Appleby SL, Morrell NW, Lever AML. Disrupted Endothelial Cell Layer and Exposed Extracellular Matrix Proteins Promote Capture of Late Outgrowth Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1406304. [PMID: 27413378 PMCID: PMC4927957 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1406304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (LO-EPC) possess a high proliferative potential, differentiate into vascular endothelial cells (EC), and form networks, suggesting they play a role in vascular repair. However, due to their scarcity in the circulation there is a requirement for ex vivo expansion before they could provide a practical cell therapy and it is currently unclear if they would home and engraft to an injury site. Using an in vitro flow system we studied LO-EPC under simulated injury conditions including EC activation, ischaemia, disrupted EC integrity, and exposed basement membrane. Perfused LO-EPC adhered to discontinuous EC paracellularly at junctional regions between adjacent cells under shear stress 0.7 dyn/cm(2). The interaction was not adhesion molecule-dependent and not enhanced by EC activation. LO-EPC expressed high levels of the VE-Cadherin which may explain these findings. Ischaemia reperfusion injury decreased the interaction with LO-EPC due to cell retraction. LO-EPC interacted with exposed extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, fibronectin and vitronectin. The interaction was mediated by integrins α5β3, αvβ1, and αvβ3. This study has demonstrated that an injured local environment presents sufficient adhesive signals to capture flow perfused LO-EPC in vitro and that LO-EPC have properties consistent with their potential role in vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Sarah L. Appleby
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicholas W. Morrell
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Andrew M. L. Lever
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Vinci MC, Piacentini L, Chiesa M, Saporiti F, Colombo GI, Pesce M. Inflammatory environment and oxidized LDL convert circulating human proangiogenic cells into functional antigen-presenting cells. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:409-21. [PMID: 25990243 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0814-412rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of human circulating PACs has been described extensively. However, little focus has been placed on understanding how these cells differ in their functions in the presence of microenvironments mimicking vascular inflammation. We hypothesized that exposure to proinflammatory cytokines or the oxLDL, an autoantigen abundant in advanced atherosclerotic plaques, converts PACs into immune-modulating/proinflammatory cells. Hence, we examined the effect of oxLDL and inflammatory stimuli on their phenotype by use of a functional genomics model based on secretome and whole genome transcriptome profiling. PACs obtained from culturing a PBMC fraction in angiogenic medium were primed with DC differentiation cytokines and then exposed to proinflammatory cytokines or oxLDL. Under these conditions, PACs converted into APCs, expressed maturation markers CD80 and CD83, and showed an increased up-regulation of CD86. APCcy and APCox induced a robust T cell BrdU incorporation. Despite a similar ability to induce lymphocyte proliferation, APCcy and APCox differed for the secretory pathway and mRNA expression. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes identified 4 gene "clusters," showing reciprocal modulation in APCcy vs. APCox, justifying, according to functional genomics analyses, a different putative function of the cells in antigen processing. Together, these data show that treatment with inflammatory cytokines or oxLDL converts human PAC phenotypes and functions into that of APCs with similar lymphocyte-activating ability but distinct maturation degree and paracrine functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Vinci
- *Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare and Unità di Immunologia e Genomica Funzionale, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Piacentini
- *Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare and Unità di Immunologia e Genomica Funzionale, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Chiesa
- *Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare and Unità di Immunologia e Genomica Funzionale, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Saporiti
- *Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare and Unità di Immunologia e Genomica Funzionale, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gualtiero I Colombo
- *Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare and Unità di Immunologia e Genomica Funzionale, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- *Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare and Unità di Immunologia e Genomica Funzionale, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
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Fernandez CE, Obi-onuoha IC, Wallace CS, Satterwhite LL, Truskey GA, Reichert WM. Late-outgrowth endothelial progenitors from patients with coronary artery disease: endothelialization of confluent stromal cell layers. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:893-900. [PMID: 24140604 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) are the primary candidates to receive small-diameter tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBVs). Peripheral blood derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from CAD patients (CAD EPCs) represent a minimally invasive source of autologous cells for TEBV endothelialization. We have previously shown that human CAD EPCs are highly proliferative and express many of the hallmarks of mature and healthy endothelial cells; however, their behavior on stromal cells that comprise the media of TEBVs has not yet been evaluated. Primary CAD EPCs or control human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were seeded over confluent, quiescent layers of human smooth muscle cells (SMCs) using a direct co-culture model. The percent coverage, adhesion strength, alignment under flow and generation of flow-induced nitric oxide of the seeded CAD EPCs were compared to that of HAECs. The integrin-binding profile of CAD EPCs was also evaluated over a layer of confluent, quiescent SMCs. Direct comparison of our CAD EPC results to analogous co-culture studies with cord blood EPCs show that both types of blood-derived EPCs are viable options for endothelialization of TEBVs.
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Fadini GP. A reappraisal of the role of circulating (progenitor) cells in the pathobiology of diabetic complications. Diabetologia 2014; 57:4-15. [PMID: 24173366 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the development of diabetic complications has been attributed to the biochemical pathways driving hyperglycaemic cell damage, while reparatory mechanisms have been long overlooked. A more comprehensive view of the balance between damage and repair suggests that an impaired regenerative capacity of bone marrow (BM)-derived cells strongly contributes to defective re-endothelisation and neoangiogenesis in diabetes. Although recent technological advances have redefined the biology and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), interest in BM-derived vasculotropic cells in the setting of diabetes and its complications remains high. Several circulating cell types of haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic origin are affected by diabetes and are potentially involved in the pathobiology of chronic complications. In addition to classical EPCs, these include circulating (pro-)angiogenic cells, polarised monocytes/macrophages (M1 and M2), myeloid calcifying cells and smooth muscle progenitor cells, having disparate roles in vascular biology. In parallel with the study of elusive progenitor cell phenotypes, it has been recognised that diabetes induces a profound remodelling of the BM stem cell niche. The alteration of circulating (progenitor) cells in the BM is now believed to be the link among distant end-organ complications. The field is rapidly evolving and interest is shifting from specific cell populations to the complex network of interactions that orchestrate trafficking of circulating vasculotropic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35100, Padova, Italy,
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Berger S, Aronson D, Lavie P, Lavie L. Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Sleep-disordered Breathing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187:90-8. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201206-1144oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Berger S, Dyugovskaya L, Polyakov A, Lavie L. Short-term fibronectin treatment induces endothelial-like and angiogenic properties in monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells: Involvement of intracellular VEGF and MAPK regulation. Eur J Cell Biol 2012; 91:640-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Zhao J, Bolton EM, Ormiston ML, Bradley JA, Morrell NW, Lever AM. Late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells engineered for improved survival and maintenance of function in transplant-related injury. Transpl Int 2011; 25:229-41. [PMID: 22117534 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2011.01387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a major cause of organ transplant failure that responds poorly to treatment. Endothelial activation, dysfunction and apoptosis contribute to CAV, whereas strategies for protecting endothelium and maximizing endothelial repair may diminish it. Late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (LO-EPC) can home to areas of injury and integrate into damaged vessels, implying a role in vascular repair; however, in an allograft, LO-EPC would be exposed to the hazardous microenvironment associated with transplant-related ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) injury and persistent inflammation. We evaluated the in vitro effect of I/R injury and the proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α on LO-EPC phenotype and function. We show that LO-EPC are intrinsically more tolerant than mature EC to I/R injury induced apoptosis, maintaining their proliferative, migratory and network formation capacity. Under inflammatory conditions, LO-EPC were activated and released higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, upregulated adhesion molecule expression, and were more susceptible to apoptosis. Lentiviral vector-mediated overexpression of the protective gene A20 in LO-EPC maintained their angiogenic phenotype and function, and protected them against TNF-α-mediated apoptosis, reducing ICAM-1 expression and inflammatory cytokine secretion. Administration of ex vivo modified LO-EPC overexpressing A20 might effect vascular repair of damaged allografts and protect from CAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Guo NG, Shao ZY, Lv F. Distribution of exogenous endothelial progenitor cells in a rat model of hepatoma and their impact on liver cancer formation. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:1666-1673. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i16.1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the formation of liver cancer and to explore the possibility of using EPCs as a delivery vehicle for the treatment of liver cancer.
METHODS: Isolated and cultured EPCs were labeled with DAPI in vitro. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control group, model group, and EPC group. The model group and EPC group were intraperitoneally injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to induce liver cancer, while the control group was injected with saline. Rats of the EPC group were further divided into three subgroups and intravenously injected with 1 mL of low (1 × 105/150 μL), medium (2 × 105/150 μL), and high (4 × 105/150 μL) concentrations of EPCs-DAPI suspension, respectively, while the control group and model group were injected with equal volume of saline. At weeks 4, 6 and 8, rats were killed to take liver tissue samples to detect the expression of EPCs markers CD34, CD133, and KDR, and serum samples to measure the levels of ALT, AST, and AFP. EPCs-DAPI-positive area (PA) was quantified using the Imagepro plus image analysis software.
RESULTS: Positive expression of cell surface markers CD34, CD133, and KDR could be detected on cultured cells after 7 days of culture. Serum ALT, AST, and AFP differed significantly between the low-concentration EPC group and model group at week 4, between the medium-concentration EPC group and model group at week 6, and between the high-concentration EPC group and model group at week 8 (all P < 0.01). Positive DAPI was detected in all the EPC groups, and the positive rate of DAPI was dependent on the concentration of injected EPCs and injection duration. PA was significantly different among rats injected with different concentrations of EPCs at all time points (all P < 0.05), but showed no significant differences among rats injected with the same concentration of EPCs at different time points (all P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: EPCs affect liver function in the rat model of liver cancer in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. EPCs in the liver can promote the formation of liver cancer. EPCs have a tropism to liver cancer in vivo.
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Preconditioned Endothelial Progenitor Cells Reduce Formation of Melanoma Metastases through SPARC-Driven Cell–Cell Interactions and Endocytosis. Cancer Res 2011; 71:4748-57. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ormiston ML, Deng Y, Stewart DJ, Courtman DW. Innate Immunity in the Therapeutic Actions of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2010; 43:546-54. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0152oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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13
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Yamada J, Tsuno NH, Kitayama J, Tsuchiya T, Yoneyama S, Asakage M, Okaji Y, Shuno Y, Nishikawa T, Tanaka J, Takahashi K, Nagawa H. Anti-Angiogenic Property of Zoledronic Acid by Inhibition of Endothelial Progenitor Cell Differentiation. J Surg Res 2009; 151:115-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Nishikawa T, Tsuno NH, Tsuchiya T, Yoneyama S, Yamada J, Shuno Y, Okaji Y, Tanaka J, Kitayama J, Takahashi K, Nagawa H. Sulforaphane Stimulates Activation of Proapoptotic Protein Bax Leading to Apoptosis of Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Ann Surg Oncol 2008; 16:534-43. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-008-0215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Revised: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Pan J, Jin P, Yan J, Kabelitz D. Anti-angiogenic active immunotherapy: a new approach to cancer treatment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008; 57:1105-14. [PMID: 18214475 PMCID: PMC11030112 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis plays an important role in tumor growth, aggression and metastasis. Many molecules have been demonstrated as positive regulators of angiogenesis, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and others. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research on anti-angiogenic strategies for tumor therapies. In this review, anti-angiogenic active immunotherapies for tumors based on vaccination with xenogeneic homologous molecules and non-xenogeneic homologous molecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Pan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Young PP, Vaughan DE, Hatzopoulos AK. Biologic properties of endothelial progenitor cells and their potential for cell therapy. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2007; 49:421-9. [PMID: 17498522 PMCID: PMC1978244 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2007.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that portions of ischemic and tumor neovasculature are derived by neovasculogenesis, whereby bone marrow (BM)-derived circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) home to sites of regenerative or malignant growth and contribute to blood vessel formation. Recent data from animal models suggest that a variety of cell types, including unfractionated BM mononuclear cells and those obtained by ex vivo expansion of human peripheral blood or enriched progenitors, can function as EPCs to promote tissue vasculogenesis, regeneration, and repair when introduced in vivo. The promising preclinical results have led to several human clinical trials using BM as a potential source of EPCs in cardiac repair as well as ongoing basic research on using EPCs in tissue engineering or as cell therapy to target tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pampee P Young
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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