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Barrett L, Coopman K. Cell microencapsulation techniques for cancer modelling and drug discovery. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 52:345-354. [PMID: 38829715 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2024.2359996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation into spherical microparticles is a promising bioengineering tool in many fields, including 3D cancer modelling and pre-clinical drug discovery. Cancer microencapsulation models can more accurately reflect the complex solid tumour microenvironment than 2D cell culture and therefore would improve drug discovery efforts. However, these microcapsules, typically in the range of 1 - 5000 µm in diameter, must be carefully designed and amenable to high-throughput production. This review therefore aims to outline important considerations in the design of cancer cell microencapsulation models for drug discovery applications and examine current techniques to produce these. Extrusion (dripping) droplet generation and emulsion-based techniques are highlighted and their suitability to high-throughput drug screening in terms of tumour physiology and ease of scale up is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Barrett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Aeronautical, Automotive, Chemical and Materials Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Karen Coopman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Aeronautical, Automotive, Chemical and Materials Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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2
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Cell delivery devices for cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2023; 353:875-888. [PMID: 36442617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) that leverages allogeneic or autologous immune cells holds vast promise in targeted cancer therapy. Despite the tremendous success of ACT in treating hematopoietic malignancies, its efficacy is limited in eradicating solid tumors via intravenous infusion of immune cells. With the extending technology of cancer immunotherapy, novel delivery strategies have been explored to improve the therapeutic potency of adoptively transferred cells for solid tumor treatment by innovating the administration route, maintaining the cell viability, and normalizing the tumor microenvironment. In this review, a variety of devices for cell delivery are summarized. Perspectives and challenges of cell delivery devices for cancer immunotherapy are also discussed.
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Som A, Rosenboom JG, Chandler A, Sheth RA, Wehrenberg-Klee E. Image-guided intratumoral immunotherapy: Developing a clinically practical technology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114505. [PMID: 36007674 PMCID: PMC10456124 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the contemporary oncology landscape, with durable responses possible across a range of cancer types. However, the majority of cancer patients do not respond to immunotherapy due to numerous immunosuppressive barriers. Efforts to overcome these barriers and increase systemic immunotherapy efficacy have sparked interest in the local intratumoral delivery of immune stimulants to activate the local immune response and subsequently drive systemic tumor immunity. While clinical evaluation of many therapeutic candidates is ongoing, development is hindered by a lack of imaging confirmation of local delivery, insufficient intratumoral drug distribution, and a need for repeated injections. The use of polymeric drug delivery systems, which have been widely used as platforms for both image guidance and controlled drug release, holds promise for delivery of intratumoral immunoadjuvants and the development of an in situ cancer vaccine for patients with metastatic cancer. In this review, we explore the current state of the field for intratumoral delivery and methods for optimizing controlled drug release, as well as practical considerations for drug delivery design to be optimized for clinical image guided delivery particularly by CT and ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Som
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Jan-Georg Rosenboom
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States; Department of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States
| | - Alana Chandler
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States; Department of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States
| | - Rahul A Sheth
- Department of Interventional Radiology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, United States
| | - Eric Wehrenberg-Klee
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States.
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Ashimova A, Myngbay A, Yegorov S, Negmetzhanov B, Kadyrova I, Yershova A, Kart U, Miller MS, Hortelano G. Sustained Delivery of a Monoclonal Antibody against SARS-CoV-2 by Microencapsulated Cells: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2042. [PMID: 36297477 PMCID: PMC9607555 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy is a promising antiviral intervention for Coronovirus disease (COVID-19) with a potential for both treatment and prophylaxis. However, a major barrier to implementing mAb therapies in clinical practice is the intricate nature of mAb preparation and delivery. Therefore, here, in a pre-clinical model, we explored the possibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mAb delivery using a mAb-expressing encapsulated cell system. METHODS Murine G-8 myoblasts were transfected with plasmids coding for the heavy and light chains of CR3022, a well-characterized SARS-CoV-2 mAb that targets the Spike receptor binding domain (RBD), and then encapsulated into alginate microcapsules. The microcapsules were then intraperitoneally implanted into immunocompetent (C57/BL6J) mice and changes in circulating CR3022 titres were assessed. The in vitro and ex vivo characterization of the mAb was performed using western blotting, RBD ELISA, and microscopy. RESULTS Transfected G-8 myoblasts expressed intact CR3022 IgG at levels comparable to transfected HEK-293 cells. Cell encapsulation yielded microcapsules harbouring approximately 1000 cells/capsule and sustainably secreting CR3022 mAb. Subsequent peritoneal G-8 microcapsule implantation into mice resulted in a gradual increase of CR3022 concentration in blood, which by day 7 peaked at 1923 [1656-2190] ng/mL and then gradually decreased ~4-fold by day 40 post-implantation. Concurrently, we detected an increase in mouse anti-CR3022 IgG titers, while microcapsules recovered by day 40 post-implantation showed a reduced per-microcapsule mAb production. SUMMARY We demonstrate here that cell microencapsulation is a viable approach to systemic delivery of intact SARS-CoV-2 mAb, with potential therapeutic applications that warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assem Ashimova
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- Centre for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Askhat Myngbay
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Sergey Yegorov
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Baurzhan Negmetzhanov
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- Centre for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Irina Kadyrova
- Research Centre, Karaganda Medical University, 40 Gogol St, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan
| | - Angelina Yershova
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Shiller-University Jena, Fürstengraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulpan Kart
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Matthew S. Miller
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Gonzalo Hortelano
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
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Adeyemi SA, Choonara YE. Current advances in cell therapeutics: A biomacromolecules application perspective. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:521-538. [PMID: 35395914 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2064844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many chronic diseases have evolved and to circumvent the limitations of using conventional drug therapies, smart cell encapsulating delivery systems have been explored to customize the treatment with alignment to disease longevity. Cell therapeutics has advanced in tandem with improvements in biomaterials that can suitably deliver therapeutic cells to achieve targeted therapy. Among the promising biomacromolecules for cell delivery are those that share bio-relevant architecture with the extracellular matrix and display extraordinary compatibility in the presence of therapeutic cells. Interestingly, many biomacromolecules that fulfil these tenets occur naturally and can form hydrogels. AREAS COVERED This review provides a concise incursion into the paradigm shift to cell therapeutics using biomacromolecules. Advances in the design and use of biomacromolecules to assemble smart therapeutic cell carriers is discussed in light of their pivotal role in enhancing cell encapsulation and delivery. In addition, the principles that govern the application of cell therapeutics in diabetes, neuronal disorders, cancers and cardiovascular disease are outlined. EXPERT OPINION Cell therapeutics promises to revolutionize the treatment of various secretory cell dysfunctions. Current and future advances in designing functional biomacromolecules will be critical to ensure that optimal delivery of therapeutic cells is achieved with desired biosafety and potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson A Adeyemi
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
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Facklam AL, Volpatti LR, Anderson DG. Biomaterials for Personalized Cell Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902005. [PMID: 31495970 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy has already had an important impact on healthcare and provided new treatments for previously intractable diseases. Notable examples include mesenchymal stem cells for tissue regeneration, islet transplantation for diabetes treatment, and T cell delivery for cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials have the potential to extend the therapeutic impact of cell therapies by serving as carriers that provide 3D organization and support cell viability and function. With the growing emphasis on personalized medicine, cell therapies hold great potential for their ability to sense and respond to the biology of an individual patient. These therapies can be further personalized through the use of patient-specific cells or with precision biomaterials to guide cellular activity in response to the needs of each patient. Here, the role of biomaterials for applications in tissue regeneration, therapeutic protein delivery, and cancer immunotherapy is reviewed, with a focus on progress in engineering material properties and functionalities for personalized cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Facklam
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lisa R Volpatti
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Ashimova A, Yegorov S, Negmetzhanov B, Hortelano G. Cell Encapsulation Within Alginate Microcapsules: Immunological Challenges and Outlook. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:380. [PMID: 31850335 PMCID: PMC6901392 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell encapsulation is a bioengineering technology that provides live allogeneic or xenogeneic cells packaged in a semipermeable immune-isolating membrane for therapeutic applications. The concept of cell encapsulation was first proposed almost nine decades ago, however, and despite its potential, the technology has yet to deliver its promise. The few clinical trials based on cell encapsulation have not led to any licensed therapies. Progress in the field has been slow, in part due to the complexity of the technology, but also because of the difficulties encountered when trying to prevent the immune responses generated by the various microcapsule components, namely the polymer, the encapsulated cells, the therapeutic transgenes and the DNA vectors used to genetically engineer encapsulated cells. While the immune responses induced by polymers such as alginate can be minimized using highly purified materials, the need to cope with the immunogenicity of encapsulated cells is increasingly seen as key in preventing the immune rejection of microcapsules. The encapsulated cells are recognized by the host immune cells through a bidirectional exchange of immune mediators, which induce both the adaptive and innate immune responses against the engrafted capsules. The potential strategies to cope with the immunogenicity of encapsulated cells include the selective diffusion restriction of immune mediators through capsule pores and more recently inclusion in microcapsules of immune modulators such as CXCL12. Combining these strategies with the use of well-characterized cell lines harboring the immunomodulatory properties of stem cells should encourage the incorporation of cell encapsulation technology in state-of-the-art drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assem Ashimova
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Sergey Yegorov
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- Department of Pedagogical Mathematics and Natural Science, Faculty of Education and Humanities, Suleyman Demirel University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Baurzhan Negmetzhanov
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- National Laboratory Astana, Center for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Gonzalo Hortelano
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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Montanucci P, Cari L, Basta G, Pescara T, Riccardi C, Nocentini G, Calafiore R. Engineered Alginate Microcapsules for Molecular Therapy Through Biologic Secreting Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 25:296-304. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Montanucci
- Laboratory for Endocrine Cell Transplants and Biohybrid Organs, Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Cari
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basta
- Laboratory for Endocrine Cell Transplants and Biohybrid Organs, Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Teresa Pescara
- Laboratory for Endocrine Cell Transplants and Biohybrid Organs, Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nocentini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calafiore
- Laboratory for Endocrine Cell Transplants and Biohybrid Organs, Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Huang P, Wang X, Liang X, Yang J, Zhang C, Kong D, Wang W. Nano-, micro-, and macroscale drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy. Acta Biomater 2019; 85:1-26. [PMID: 30579043 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is moving to the frontier of cancer treatment. Drug delivery systems (DDSs) have greatly advanced the development of cancer immunotherapeutic regimen and combination treatment. DDSs can spatiotemporally present tumor antigens, drugs, immunostimulatory molecules, or adjuvants, thus enabling the modulation of immune cells including dendritic cells (DCs) or T-cells directly in vivo and thereby provoking robust antitumor immune responses. Cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint blockade, and adoptive cell transfer have shown promising therapeutic efficiency in clinic, and the incorporation of DDSs may further increase antitumor efficiency while decreasing adverse side effects. This review focuses on the use of nano-, micro-, and macroscale DDSs for co-delivery of different immunostimulatory factors to reprogram the immune system to combat cancer. Regarding to nanoparticle-based DDSs, we emphasize the nanoparticle-based tumor immune environment modulation or as an addition to gene therapy, photodynamic therapy, or photothermal therapy. For microparticle or capsule-based DDSs, an overview of the carrier type, fabrication approach, and co-delivery of tumor vaccines and adjuvants is introduced. Finally, macroscale DDSs including hydrogels and scaffolds are also included and their role in personalized vaccine delivery and adoptive cell transfer therapy are described. Perspective and clinical translation of DDS-based cancer immunotherapy is also discussed. We believe that DDSs hold great potential in advancing the fundamental research and clinical translation of cancer immunotherapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Immunotherapy is moving to the frontier of cancer treatment. Drug delivery systems (DDSs) have greatly advanced the development of cancer immunotherapeutic regimen and combination treatment. In this comprehensive review, we focus on the use of nano-, micro-, and macroscale DDSs for the co-delivery of different immunostimulatory factors to reprogram the immune system to combat cancer. We also propose the perspective on the development of next-generation DDS-based cancer immunotherapy. This review indicates that DDSs can augment the antitumor T-cell immunity and hold great potential in advancing the fundamental research and clinical translation of cancer immunotherapy by simultaneously delivering dual or multiple immunostimulatory drugs.
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Gonzalez-Pujana A, Orive G, Pedraz JL, Santos-Vizcaino E, Hernandez RM. Alginate Microcapsules for Drug Delivery. SPRINGER SERIES IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6910-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Gonzalez-Pujana A, Santos E, Orive G, Pedraz JL, Hernandez RM. Cell microencapsulation technology: Current vision of its therapeutic potential through the administration routes. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Saenz del Burgo L, Ciriza J, Hernández RM, Orive G, Pedraz JL. Microencapsulated Cells for Cancer Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1479:261-272. [PMID: 27738943 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6364-5_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The microencapsulation of different types of cells that are able to produce therapeutic factors is being investigated for the treatment of several human diseases. Most efforts are focused on chronic and degenerative diseases as this strategy could become an alternative to some commonly used parenteral treatments that need to be repeatedly administered. But, this approach has also been investigated in the field of oncology with the aim of providing immunomodulatory antibodies that are able to enhance the patient's inherent immune response against the tumor. These kind of treatments would provide the patient with the therapeutic drug produced in situ, de novo, and in a sustained way, making the therapy more comfortable.Although different devices are nowadays available to produce cell-enclosing alginate-microcapsules, here, we describe the most important steps and advices in order to fabricate alginate-poly-L-lysine-alginate microcapsules containing hybridoma cells for cancer management using an electrostatic bead generator, and how to evaluate the viability of those cells over the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Saenz del Burgo
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - J Ciriza
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - R M Hernández
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - G Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - J L Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
- Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of the different purposes for which the cell microencapsulation technology can be used. These include immunoisolation of non-autologous cells used for cell therapy; immobilization of cells for localized (targeted) delivery of therapeutic products to ablate, repair, or regenerate tissue; simultaneous delivery of multiple therapeutic agents in cell therapy; spatial compartmentalization of cells in complex tissue engineering; expansion of cells in culture; and production of different probiotics and metabolites for industrial applications. For each of these applications, specific examples are provided to illustrate how the microencapsulation technology can be utilized to achieve the purpose. However, successful use of the cell microencapsulation technology for whatever purpose will ultimately depend upon careful consideration for the choice of the encapsulating polymers, the method of fabrication (cross-linking) of the microbeads, which affects the permselectivity, the biocompatibility and the mechanical strength of the microbeads as well as environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, osmotic pressure, and storage solutions.The various applications discussed in this chapter are illustrated in the different chapters of this book and where appropriate relevant images of the microencapsulation products are provided. It is hoped that this outline of the different applications of cell microencapsulation would provide a good platform for tissue engineers, scientists, and clinicians to design novel tissue constructs and products for therapeutic and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel C Opara
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. .,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences (SBES), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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14
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing islet cells of the pancreas. Although islet transplantation has proved to be successful for some patients with type 1 diabetes, its widespread use is limited by islet donor shortage and the requirement for lifelong immunosuppression. An encapsulation strategy that can prevent the rejection of xenogeneic islets or of stem cell-derived allogeneic islets can potentially eliminate both of these barriers. Although encapsulation technology has met several challenges, the convergence of expertise in materials, nanotechnology, stem cell biology and immunology is allowing us to get closer to the goal of encapsulated islet cell therapy for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejal Desai
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Byers Hall Rm 203C, MC 2520, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, California 94158-2330, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- University of Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2099, USA
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Mahou R, Passemard S, Carvello M, Petrelli A, Noverraz F, Gerber-Lemaire S, Wandrey C. Contribution of polymeric materials to progress in xenotransplantation of microencapsulated cells: a review. Xenotransplantation 2016; 23:179-201. [PMID: 27250036 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell microencapsulation and subsequent transplantation of the microencapsulated cells require multidisciplinary approaches. Physical, chemical, biological, engineering, and medical expertise has to be combined. Several natural and synthetic polymeric materials and different technologies have been reported for the preparation of hydrogels, which are suitable to protect cells by microencapsulation. However, owing to the frequent lack of adequate characterization of the hydrogels and their components as well as incomplete description of the technology, many results of in vitro and in vivo studies appear contradictory or cannot reliably be reproduced. This review addresses the state of the art in cell microencapsulation with special focus on microencapsulated cells intended for xenotransplantation cell therapies. The choice of materials, the design and fabrication of the microspheres, as well as the conditions to be met during the cell microencapsulation process, are summarized and discussed prior to presenting research results of in vitro and in vivo studies. Overall, this review will serve to sensitize medically educated specialists for materials and technological aspects of cell microencapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redouan Mahou
- Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Solène Passemard
- Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Carvello
- Department of Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - François Noverraz
- Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Gerber-Lemaire
- Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Wandrey
- Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Takacova M, Hlouskova G, Zatovicova M, Benej M, Sedlakova O, Kopacek J, Pastorek J, Lacik I, Pastorekova S. Encapsulation of anti-carbonic anhydrase IX antibody in hydrogel microspheres for tumor targeting. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:110-118. [PMID: 27140748 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1177523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Encapsulation is a well-established method of biomaterial protection, controlled release, and efficient delivery. Here we evaluated encapsulation of monoclonal antibody M75 directed to tumor biomarker carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) into alginate microbeads (SA-beads) or microcapsules made of sodium alginate, cellulose sulfate, and poly(methylene-co-guanidine) (PMCG). M75 antibody release was quantified using ELISA and its binding properties were assessed by immunodetection methods. SA-beads showed rapid M75 antibody release in the first hour, followed by steady release during the whole experiment of 7 days. In contrast, the M75 release from PMCG capsules was gradual, reaching the maximum concentration on the 7th day. The release was more efficient at pH 6.8 compared to pH 7.4. The released antibody could recognize CA IX, and target the CA IX-positive cells in 3D spheroids. In conclusion, SA-beads and PMCG microcapsules can be considered as promising antibody reservoirs for targeting of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Takacova
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia.,b Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute , Brno , Czech Republic , and
| | - Gabriela Hlouskova
- c Department for Biomaterials Research , Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Miriam Zatovicova
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Martin Benej
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Olga Sedlakova
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kopacek
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Jaromir Pastorek
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Igor Lacik
- c Department for Biomaterials Research , Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Silvia Pastorekova
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia.,b Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute , Brno , Czech Republic , and
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17
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Saenz del Burgo L, Compte M, Aceves M, Hernández RM, Sanz L, Álvarez-Vallina L, Pedraz JL. Microencapsulation of therapeutic bispecific antibodies producing cells: immunotherapeutic organoids for cancer management. J Drug Target 2014; 23:170-9. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.971327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Xie W, Li D, Zhang J, Li Z, Acheampong DO, He Y, Wang Y, Chen Z, Wang M. Generation and characterization of a novel human IgG1 antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:877-88. [PMID: 24893856 PMCID: PMC11028991 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
VEGF and its receptors, especially VEGFR2 (KDR), are known to play a critical role in angiogenesis under both physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer and angiogenic retinopathies. This study was aimed at developing a fully human IgG1 antibody (mAb-04) constructed from a phage-derived scFv, targeting the VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway. Firstly, an innovative transfection system, containing two recombinant expression vectors (pMH3 and pCApuro), were introduced into CHO-s cells and clones with higher yield selected accordingly. After an optimal fermentation condition was determined, fed-batch fermentation was performed in 5-L bioreactor with a final yield up to 60 mg/L. Further, cell proliferation, wound healing, transwell invasion, tube formation and chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assays showed significant anti-angiogenic activity of mAb-04 in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the results of Western blotting indicated the ability of mAb-04 to inhibit VEGF-induced VEGFR2 signaling pathway. Finally, ADCC assay demonstrated that mAb-04 is capable of mediating tumor cell killing in presence of effector cells. This study has therefore proved that the full-length antibody targeting human VEGFR2 has potential clinical applications in the treatment of cancer and other diseases where pathological angiogenesis is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 154#, Tong Jia Xiang 24, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Daojuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 154#, Tong Jia Xiang 24, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 154#, Tong Jia Xiang 24, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhike Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 154#, Tong Jia Xiang 24, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Desmond Omane Acheampong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 154#, Tong Jia Xiang 24, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 154#, Tong Jia Xiang 24, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Youfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 154#, Tong Jia Xiang 24, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 154#, Tong Jia Xiang 24, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 154#, Tong Jia Xiang 24, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
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19
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Abstract
The therapeutic potential of host-specific and tumour-specific immune responses is well recognized and, after many years, active immunotherapies directed at inducing or augmenting these responses are entering clinical practice. Antitumour immunization is a complex, multi-component task, and the optimal combinations of antigens, adjuvants, delivery vehicles and routes of administration are not yet identified. Active immunotherapy must also address the immunosuppressive and tolerogenic mechanisms deployed by tumours. This Review provides an overview of new results from clinical studies of therapeutic cancer vaccines directed against tumour-associated antigens and discusses their implications for the use of active immunotherapy.
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20
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Fu HX, Li H, Wu LL, Zhao YZ, Xu YY, Zhu YL, Xue SL, Wang DW, Liu CY, Yang SL, Li XK. Preparation and microscopy examination of alginate-poly-l-lysine-alginate microcapsules. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 40:1523-9. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.836212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Arifin DR, Kedziorek DA, Fu Y, Chan KWY, McMahon MT, Weiss CR, Kraitchman DL, Bulte JWM. Microencapsulated cell tracking. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:850-859. [PMID: 23225358 PMCID: PMC3655121 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microencapsulation of therapeutic cells has been widely pursued to achieve cellular immunoprotection following transplantation. Initial clinical studies have shown the potential of microencapsulation using semi-permeable alginate layers, but much needs to be learned about the optimal delivery route, in vivo pattern of engraftment, and microcapsule stability over time. In parallel with noninvasive imaging techniques for 'naked' (i.e. unencapsulated) cell tracking, microcapsules have now been endowed with contrast agents that can be visualized by (1) H MRI, (19) F MRI, X-ray/computed tomography and ultrasound imaging. By placing the contrast agent formulation in the extracellular space of the hydrogel, large amounts of contrast agents can be incorporated with negligible toxicity. This has led to a new generation of imaging biomaterials that can render cells visible with multiple imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian R. Arifin
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dorota A. Kedziorek
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yingli Fu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kannie W. Y. Chan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael T. McMahon
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clifford R. Weiss
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dara L. Kraitchman
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeff W. M. Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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22
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Acarregui A, Pedraz JL, Blanco FJ, Hernández RM, Orive G. Hydrogel-Based Scaffolds for Enclosing Encapsulated Therapeutic Cells. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:322-30. [DOI: 10.1021/bm301690a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Argia Acarregui
- NanoBioCel Group,
Laboratory
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava,
01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, 01006, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group,
Laboratory
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava,
01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, 01006, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Blanco
- CIBER-BBN-Bioscaff Cartílago, INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña,
15006, Spain
| | - Rosa María Hernández
- NanoBioCel Group,
Laboratory
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava,
01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, 01006, Spain
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group,
Laboratory
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava,
01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, 01006, Spain
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23
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Abstract
The synergy of some promising advances in the fields of cell therapy and biomaterials together with improvements in the fabrication of more refined and tailored microcapsules for drug delivery have triggered the progress of cell encapsulation technology. Cell microencapsulation involves immobilizing the transplanted cells within a biocompatible scaffold surrounded by a membrane in attempt to isolate the cells from the host immune attack and enhance or prolong their function in vivo. This technology represents one strategy which aims to overcome the present difficulties related to local and systemic controlled release of drugs and growth factors as well as to organ graft rejection and thus the requirements for use of immunomodulatory protocols or immunosuppressive drugs. This chapter gives an overview of the current situation of cell encapsulation technology as a controlled drug delivery system, and the essential requirements of the technology, some of the therapeutic applications, the challenges, and the future directions under investigation are highlighted.
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25
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Liver gene transfer of interkeukin-15 constructs that become part of circulating high density lipoproteins for immunotherapy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52370. [PMID: 23285013 PMCID: PMC3528770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) is a major component of high density lipoproteins (HDL) that transport cholesterol in circulation. We have constructed an expression plasmid encoding a chimeric molecule encompassing interleukin-15 (IL-15) and Apo A-I (pApo-hIL15) that was tested by hydrodynamic injections into mice and was co-administered with a plasmid encoding the sushi domain of IL-15Rα (pSushi) in order to enhance IL-15 trans-presentation and thereby bioactivity. The pharmacokinetics of the Apo A-I chimeric protein were much longer than non-stabilized IL-15 and its bioactivity was enhanced in combination with IL-15Rα Sushi. Importantly, the APO-IL-15 fusion protein was incorporated in part into circulating HDL. Liver gene transfer of these constructs increased NK and memory-phenotype CD8 lymphocyte numbers in peripheral blood, spleen and liver as a result of proliferation documented by CFSE dilution and BrdU incorporation. Moreover, the gene transfer procedure partly rescued the NK and memory T-cell deficiency observed in IL-15Rα−/− mice. pApo-hIL15+ pSushi gene transfer to the liver showed a modest therapeutic activity against subcutaneously transplanted MC38 colon carcinoma tumors, that was more evident when tumors were set up as liver metastases. The improved pharmacokinetic profile and the strong biological activity of APO-IL-15 fusion protein holds promise for further development in combination with other immunotherapies.
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26
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Gomez-Mauricio RG, Acarregui A, Sánchez-Margallo FM, Crisóstomo V, Gallo I, Hernández RM, Pedraz JL, Orive G, Martín-Cancho MF. A preliminary approach to the repair of myocardial infarction using adipose tissue-derived stem cells encapsulated in magnetic resonance-labelled alginate microspheres in a porcine model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 84:29-39. [PMID: 23266493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) have properties of self-renewal, pluripotency and high proliferative capability that make them useful for the treatment of cardiac ventricular function following ischaemic injury. However, their therapeutic use is limited due to the low retention of the cells at the targeted site. To address this issue, we developed semipermeable membrane microcapsules labelled with Endorem (magnetocapsules) that provide mechanical and immunological immune protection to the cells while maintaining internal cell microenvironment. In addition, the particles allow tracking the presence and migration of injected cells in vivo by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Results indicate that after 21 days in culture, the cells encapsulated in the magnetocapsules showed similar viabilities than cells encapsulated in conventional microcapsules. MRI confirmed a gradual loss of the intensity of the iron oxide label in the non-encapsulated Endorem labelled cells, while magnetocapsules were detected throughout the study period, suggesting that cell retention in the myocardium is improved when cells are enclosed within the magnetocapsules. To further evaluate treatment's effect on global cardiac function, MRI determination of infarct size and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was performed. In vivo results showed no statistically significant differences in heart rate and cardiac output between treatment groups. In conclusion, cells enclosed within magnetocapsules have shown suitable viability and have been detected in vivo throughout the study period. Further studies will evaluate whether increasing cell loading with the particles may help to improve the therapeutic results.
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27
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Acarregui A, Murua A, Pedraz JL, Orive G, Hernández RM. A Perspective on Bioactive Cell Microencapsulation. BioDrugs 2012; 26:283-301. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03261887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Wieland M, Fussenegger M. Reprogrammed cell delivery for personalized medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1477-87. [PMID: 22721864 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In most approaches, personalized medicine requires time- and cost-intensive characterization of an individual's genetic background in order to achieve the best-adapted therapy. For this purpose, cell-based drug delivery offers a promising alternative. In particular, synthetic biology has introduced the vision of cells being programmable therapeutic production facilities that can be introduced into patients. This review highlights the progress made in synthetic biology-based cell engineering toward advanced drug delivery entities. Starting from basic one-input responsive transcriptional or post-transcriptional gene control systems, the field has reached a level on which cells can be engineered to detect cancer cells, to obtain control over T-cell proliferation, and to restore blood glucose homeostasis upon blue light illumination. Furthermore, a cellular implant was developed that detects blood urate level disorders and acts accordingly to restore homeostasis while another cellular implant was engineered as an artificial insemination device that releases bull sperm into bovine ovarian only during ovulation time by recording endogenous luteinizing hormone levels. Soon, the field will reach a stage at which cells can be reprogrammed to detect multiple metabolic parameters and self-sufficiently treat any disorder connected to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wieland
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Bioengineering (D-BSSE), Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Ausländer S, Wieland M, Fussenegger M. Smart medication through combination of synthetic biology and cell microencapsulation. Metab Eng 2012; 14:252-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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30
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Goh CH, Heng PWS, Chan LW. Alginates as a useful natural polymer for microencapsulation and therapeutic applications. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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31
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug targeting to sites of tissue injury, tumor or infection with limited toxicity is the goal for successful pharmaceutics. Immunocytes (including mononuclear phagocytes (dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages), neutrophils and lymphocytes) are highly mobile; they can migrate across impermeable barriers and release their drug cargo at sites of infection or tissue injury. Thus, immune cells can be exploited as Trojan horses for drug delivery. AREAS COVERED This paper reviews how immunocytes laden with drugs can cross the blood-brain or blood-tumor barriers to facilitate treatments for infectious diseases, injury, cancer, or inflammatory diseases. The promises and perils of cell-mediated drug delivery are reviewed, with examples of how immunocytes can be harnessed to improve therapeutic end points. EXPERT OPINION Using cells as delivery vehicles enables targeted drug transport and prolonged circulation times, along with reductions in cell and tissue toxicities. Such systems for drug carriage and targeted release represent a new disease-combating strategy being applied to a spectrum of human disorders. The design of nanocarriers for cell-mediated drug delivery may differ from those used for conventional drug delivery systems; nevertheless, engaging different defense mechanisms in drug delivery may open new perspectives for the active delivery of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Batrakova
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA.
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