1
|
Guo Y, Sun Y, Li Z, Zuo C, Liu X, Chen Y, Xun Z, Liu J, Mei Y, Min JJ, Wen M, Zheng JH, Tan W. S100a8/a9 regulated by LPS/TLR4 axis plays an important role in Salmonella-based tumor therapy and host defense. Int J Cancer 2024. [PMID: 39129048 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.35128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria are ideal anticancer agents and carriers due to their unique capabilities that are convenient in genetic manipulation, tumor-specific targeting, and deep-tissue penetration. However, the specific molecular mechanisms of bacteria-mediated cancer therapy (BMCT) have not been clarified. In this study, we found that TLR4 signaling pathway is critical for Salmonella-mediated tumor targeting, tumor suppression, and liver and spleen protection. TLR4 knockout in mice decreased the levels of cytokines and chemokines, such as S100a8, S100a9, TNF-α, and IL-1β, in tumor microenvironments (TMEs) after Salmonella treatment, which inhibited tumor cell death and nutrient release, led to reduced bacterial contents in tumors and attenuated antitumor efficacy in a negative feedback manner. Importantly, we found that S100a8 and S100a9 played a leading role in Salmonella-mediated cancer therapy (SMCT). The antitumor efficacy was abrogated and liver damage was prominent when blocked with a specific inhibitor. These findings elucidated the mechanism of Salmonella-mediated tumor targeting, suppression, and host antibacterial defense, providing insights into clinical cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Guo
- The Affiliated Xiangtan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- The Affiliated Xiangtan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongying Li
- The Affiliated Xiangtan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Chaohui Zuo
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- The Affiliated Xiangtan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Chen
- The Affiliated Xiangtan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Xun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- The Affiliated Xiangtan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Mei
- The Affiliated Xiangtan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Hai Zheng
- The Affiliated Xiangtan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenzhi Tan
- The Affiliated Xiangtan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang C, Feng Q, Shi S, Qin Y, Lu H, Zhang P, Liu J, Chen B. The Rational Engineered Bacteria Based Biohybrid Living System for Tumor Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401538. [PMID: 39051784 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Living therapy based on bacterial cells has gained increasing attention for their applications in tumor treatments. Bacterial cells can naturally target to tumor sites and active the innate immunological responses. The intrinsic advantages of bacteria attribute to the development of biohybrid living carriers for targeting delivery toward hypoxic environments. The rationally engineered bacterial cells integrate various functions to enhance the tumor therapy and reduce toxic side effects. In this review, the antitumor effects of bacteria and their application are discussed as living therapeutic agents across multiple antitumor platforms. The various kinds of bacteria used for cancer therapy are first introduced and demonstrated the mechanism of antitumor effects as well as the immunological effects. Additionally, this study focused on the genetically modified bacteria for the production of antitumor agents as living delivery system to treat cancer. The combination of living bacterial cells with functional nanomaterials is then discussed in the cancer treatments. In brief, the rational design of living therapy based on bacterial cells highlighted a rapid development in tumor therapy and pointed out the potentials in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Qiliner Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Si Shi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Yuxuan Qin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Hongli Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Baizhu Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pérez Jorge G, Gontijo M, Silva MFE, Goes ICRDS, Jaimes-Florez YP, Coser LDO, Rocha FJS, Giorgio S, Brocchi M. Attenuated mutants of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium mediate melanoma regression via an immune response. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10081. [PMID: 38974834 PMCID: PMC11224151 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The lack of effective treatment options for an increasing number of cancer cases highlights the need for new anticancer therapeutic strategies. Immunotherapy mediated by Salmonella enterica Typhimurium is a promising anticancer treatment. Candidate strains for anticancer therapy must be attenuated while retaining their antitumor activity. Here, we investigated the attenuation and antitumor efficacy of two S. enterica Typhimurium mutants, ΔtolRA and ΔihfABpmi, in a murine melanoma model. Results showed high attenuation of ΔtolRA in the Galleria mellonella model, and invasion and survival in tumor cells. However, it showed weak antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Contrastingly, lower attenuation of the attenuated ΔihfABpmi strain resulted in regression of tumor mass in all mice, approximately 6 days after the first treatment. The therapeutic response induced by ΔihfABpmi was accompanied with macrophage accumulation of antitumor phenotype (M1) and significant increase in the mRNAs of proinflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS) and an apoptosis inducer (Bax). Our findings indicate that the attenuated ΔihfABpmi exerts its antitumor activity by inducing macrophage infiltration or reprogramming the immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment to an activated state, suggesting that attenuated S. enterica Typhimurium strains based on nucleoid-associated protein genes deletion could be immunotherapeutic against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genesy Pérez Jorge
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Immunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Research Group: Statistics and Mathematical Modeling Applied to Educational Quality, University of Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia
| | - Marco Gontijo
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Immunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Marina Flóro e Silva
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Immunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Yessica Paola Jaimes-Florez
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Immunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- GIMBIO Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona, Colombia
| | - Lilian de Oliveira Coser
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Laboratório de Regeneração Nervosa, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisca Janaína Soares Rocha
- Área Acadêmica de Medicina Tropical, Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Selma Giorgio
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Brocchi
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Immunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sutar AA, Dashpute RS, Shinde YD, Mukherjee S, Chowdhury C. A Systemic Review on Fitness and Survival of Salmonella in Dynamic Environment and Conceivable Ways of Its Mitigation. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:267-286. [PMID: 39011015 PMCID: PMC11246371 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastroenteritis caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella still prevails resulting in several recent outbreaks affecting many people worldwide. The presence of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella is exemplified by several characteristic symptoms and their severity relies on prominent risk factors. The persistence of this pathogen can be attributed to its broad host range, complex pathogenicity and virulence and adeptness in survival under challenging conditions inside the host. Moreover, a peculiar aid of the ever-changing climatic conditions grants this organism with remarkable potential to survive within the environment. Abusive use of antibiotics for the treatment of gastroenteritis has led to the emergence of multiple drug resistance, making the infections difficult to treat. This review emphasizes the importance of early detection of Salmonella, along with strategies for accomplishing it, as well as exploring alternative treatment approaches. The exceptional characteristics exhibited by Salmonella, like strategies of infection, persistence, and survival parallelly with multiple drug resistance, make this pathogen a prominent concern to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajit A Sutar
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, MH 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Rohit S Dashpute
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, MH 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Yashodhara D Shinde
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, MH 411008 India
| | - Srestha Mukherjee
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, MH 411008 India
| | - Chiranjit Chowdhury
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, MH 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang L, Yu L. The role of the microscopic world: Exploring the role and potential of intratumoral microbiota in cancer immunotherapy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38078. [PMID: 38758914 PMCID: PMC11098217 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, coexist in the human body, forming a symbiotic microbiota that plays a vital role in human health and disease. Intratumoral microbial components have been discovered in various tumor tissues and are closely linked to the occurrence, progression, and treatment results of cancer. The intratumoral microbiota can enhance antitumor immunity through mechanisms such as activating the stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathway, stimulating T and NK cells, promoting the formation of TLS, and facilitating antigen presentation. Conversely, the intratumoral microbiota might suppress antitumor immune responses by increasing reactive oxygen species levels, creating an anti-inflammatory environment, inducing T cell inactivation, and enhancing immune suppression, thereby promoting cancer progression. The impact of intratumoral microbiota on antitumor immunity varies based on microbial composition, interactions with cancer cells, and the cancer's current state. A deep understanding of the complex interactions between intratumoral microbiota and antitumor immunity holds the potential to bring new therapeutic strategies and targets to cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang City, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen H, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Hu L, Yang K. Engineered bacteria in tumor immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 589:216817. [PMID: 38492769 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
As the limitations of cancer immunotherapy become increasingly apparent, there is considerable anticipation regarding the utilization of biological tools to enhance treatment efficacy, particularly bacteria and their derivatives. Leveraging advances in genetic and synthetic biology technologies, engineered bacteria now play important roles far beyond those of conventional immunoregulatory agents, and they could function as tumor-targeting vehicles and in situ pharmaceutical factories. In recent years, these engineered bacteria play a role in almost every aspect of immunotherapy. It is nothing short of impressive to keep seeing different strain of bacteria modified in diverse ways for unique immunological enhancement. In this review, we have scrutinized the intricate interplay between the immune system and these engineered bacteria. These interactions generate strategies that can directly or indirectly optimize immunotherapy and even modulate the effects of combination therapies. Collectively, these engineered bacteria present a promising novel therapeutic strategy that promises to change the current landscape of immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yinrui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chonghai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Howell LM, Manole S, Reitter AR, Forbes NS. Controlled production of lipopolysaccharides increases immune activation in Salmonella treatments of cancer. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14461. [PMID: 38758181 PMCID: PMC11100551 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies have revolutionized cancer treatment. These treatments rely on immune cell activation in tumours, which limits the number of patients that respond. Inflammatory molecules, like lipopolysaccharides (LPS), can activate innate immune cells, which convert tumour microenvironments from cold to hot, and increase therapeutic efficacy. However, systemic delivery of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can induce cytokine storm. In this work, we developed immune-controlling Salmonella (ICS) that only produce LPS in tumours after colonization and systemic clearance. We tuned the expression of msbB, which controls production of immunogenic LPS, by optimizing its ribosomal binding sites and protein degradation tags. This genetic system induced a controllable inflammatory response and increased dendritic cell cross-presentation in vitro. The strong off state did not induce TNFα production and prevented adverse events when injected into mice. The accumulation of ICS in tumours after intravenous injection focused immune responses specifically to tumours. Tumour-specific expression of msbB increased infiltration of immune cells, activated monocytes and neutrophils, increased tumour levels of IL-6, and activated CD8 T cells in draining lymph nodes. These immune responses reduced tumour growth and increased mouse survival. By increasing the efficacy of bacterial anti-cancer therapy, localized production of LPS could provide increased options to patients with immune-resistant cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars M. Howell
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Simin Manole
- Molecular and Cellular Biology ProgramUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alec R. Reitter
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Neil S. Forbes
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology ProgramUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sikora A, Sullivan KM, Dineen S, Raoof M, Karolak A. Emerging therapeutic approaches for peritoneal metastases from gastrointestinal cancers. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200767. [PMID: 38596287 PMCID: PMC10873742 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Peritoneal metastases from gastrointestinal malignancies present difficult management decisions, with options consisting primarily of systemic chemotherapy or major surgery with or without hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Current research is investigating expanding therapeutic modalities, and the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the existing and emerging therapies for the peritoneal metastases from gastrointestinal cancers, primarily through the recent literature (2015 and newer). These include the current data with systemic therapy and cytoreduction with hyperthermic intraperitoneal or pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy, as well as novel promising modalities under investigation, including dominating oncolytic viral therapy and adoptive cellular, biologic, and bacteria therapy, or nanotechnology. The novel diverse strategies, although preliminary and preclinical in murine models, individually and collectively contribute to the treatment of peritoneal metastases, offering hope for improved outcomes and quality of life. We foresee that these evolving treatment approaches will facilitate the transfer of knowledge and data among studies and advance discovery of new drugs and optimized treatments for patients with peritoneal metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Sikora
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kevin M. Sullivan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sean Dineen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mustafa Raoof
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Aleksandra Karolak
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Machine Learning, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Masad RJ, Idriss I, Mohamed YA, Al-Sbiei A, Bashir G, Al-Marzooq F, Altahrawi A, Fernandez-Cabezudo MJ, Al-Ramadi BK. Oral administration of Manuka honey induces IFNγ-dependent resistance to tumor growth that correlates with beneficial modulation of gut microbiota composition. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354297. [PMID: 38444857 PMCID: PMC10912506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the potential of Manuka honey (MH) as an immunomodulatory agent in colorectal cancer (CRC) and dissect the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. Methods MH was administered orally over a 4 week-period. The effect of MH treatment on microbiota composition was studied using 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal pellets collected before and after treatment. Pretreated mice were implanted with CRC cells and followed for tumor growth. Tumors and lymphoid organs were analyzed by flow cytometry (FACS), immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Efficacy of MH was also assessed in a therapeutic setting, with oral treatment initiated after tumor implantation. We utilized IFNγ-deficient mice to determine the importance of interferon signaling in MH-induced immunomodulation. Results Pretreatment with MH enhanced anti-tumor responses leading to suppression of tumor growth. Evidence for enhanced tumor immunogenicity included upregulated MHC class-II on intratumoral macrophages, enhanced MHC class-I expression on tumor cells and increased infiltration of effector T cells into the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, oral MH was also effective in retarding tumor growth when given therapeutically. Transcriptomic analysis of tumor tissue highlighted changes in the expression of various chemokines and inflammatory cytokines that drive the observed changes in tumor immunogenicity. The immunomodulatory capacity of MH was abrogated in IFNγ-deficient mice. Finally, bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that oral MH treatment induced unique changes in gut microbiota that may well underlie the IFN-dependent enhancement in tumor immunogenicity. Conclusion Our findings highlight the immunostimulatory properties of MH and demonstrate its potential utilization in cancer prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razan J. Masad
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ienas Idriss
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yassir A. Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashraf Al-Sbiei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghada Bashir
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Al-Marzooq
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abeer Altahrawi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria J. Fernandez-Cabezudo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basel K. Al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mowday AM, van de Laak JM, Fu Z, Henare KL, Dubois L, Lambin P, Theys J, Patterson AV. Tumor-targeting bacteria as immune stimulants - the future of cancer immunotherapy? Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38346140 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2311653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies have been widely hailed as a breakthrough for cancer treatment in the last decade, epitomized by the unprecedented results observed with checkpoint blockade. Even so, only a minority of patients currently achieve durable remissions. In general, responsive patients appear to have either a high number of tumor neoantigens, a preexisting immune cell infiltrate in the tumor microenvironment, or an 'immune-active' transcriptional profile, determined in part by the presence of a type I interferon gene signature. These observations suggest that the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy can be enhanced through strategies that release tumor neoantigens and/or produce a pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment. In principle, exogenous tumor-targeting bacteria offer a unique solution for improving responsiveness to immunotherapy. This review discusses how tumor-selective bacterial infection can modulate the immunological microenvironment of the tumor and the potential for combination with cancer immunotherapy strategies to further increase therapeutic efficacy. In addition, we provide a perspective on the clinical translation of replicating bacterial therapies, with a focus on the challenges that must be resolved to ensure a successful outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Mowday
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jella M van de Laak
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-Research School of Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Zhe Fu
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Kimiora L Henare
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ludwig Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-Research School of Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Lambin
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-Research School of Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Theys
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-Research School of Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Adam V Patterson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pérez Jorge G, Gontijo MTP, Brocchi M. Salmonella enterica and outer membrane vesicles are current and future options for cancer treatment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1293351. [PMID: 38116133 PMCID: PMC10728604 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1293351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional cancer therapies have many limitations. In the last decade, it has been suggested that bacteria-mediated immunotherapy may circumvent the restrictions of traditional treatments. For example, Salmonella enterica is the most promising bacteria for treating cancer due to its intrinsic abilities, such as killing tumor cells, targeting, penetrating, and proliferating into the tumor. S. enterica has been genetically modified to ensure safety and increase its intrinsic antitumor efficacy. This bacterium has been used as a vector for delivering anticancer agents and as a combination therapy with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or photothermic. Recent studies have reported the antitumor efficacy of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from S. enterica. OMVs are considered safer than attenuated bacteria and can stimulate the immune system as they comprise most of the immunogens found on the surface of their parent bacteria. Furthermore, OMVs can also be used as nanocarriers for antitumor agents. This review describes the advances in S. enterica as immunotherapy against cancer and the mechanisms by which Salmonella fights cancer. We also highlight the use of OMVs as immunotherapy and nanocarriers of anticancer agents. OMVs derived from S. enterica are innovative and promising strategies requiring further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genesy Pérez Jorge
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Laboratório de Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio Pardini Gontijo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Marcelo Brocchi
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Laboratório de Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Z, Hong L, Ling Z. Potential role of intratumor bacteria outside the gastrointestinal tract: More than passengers. Cancer Med 2023; 12:16756-16773. [PMID: 37377377 PMCID: PMC10501248 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor-associated bacteria and gut microbiota have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential role in cancer development and therapeutic response. This review aims to discuss the contributions of intratumor bacteria outside the gastrointestinal tract, in addition to exploring the mechanisms, functions, and implications of these bacteria in cancer therapy. METHODS We reviewed current literature on intratumor bacteria and their impact on tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, drug resistance, and anti-tumor immune modulation. Additionally, we examined techniques used to detect intratumor bacteria, precautions necessary when handling low microbial biomass tumor samples, and the recent progress in bacterial manipulation for tumor treatment. RESULTS Research indicates that each type of cancer uniquely interacts with its microbiome, and bacteria can be detected even in non-gastrointestinal tumors with low bacterial abundance. Intracellular bacteria have the potential to regulate tumor cells' biological behavior and contribute to critical aspects of tumor development. Furthermore, bacterial-based anti-tumor therapies have shown promising results in cancer treatment. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the complex interactions between intratumor bacteria and tumor cells could lead to the development of more precise cancer treatment strategies. Further research into non-gastrointestinal tumor-associated bacteria is needed to identify new therapeutic approaches and expand our knowledge of the microbiota's role in cancer biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Liu
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Lian‐Lian Hong
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Ling
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Song P, Han X, Li X, Cong Y, Wu Y, Yan J, Wang Y, Wang X, Mu Z, Wang L, Li X, Zhang H. Bacteria engineered with intracellular and extracellular nanomaterials for hierarchical modulation of antitumor immune responses. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:2927-2935. [PMID: 37158992 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00249g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) by hyperthermia can initiate adaptive immune responses, emerging as an attractive strategy for tumor immunotherapy. However, ICD can induce proinflammatory factor interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production, leading to indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) activation and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which dramatically reduces the ICD-triggered immunotherapeutic efficacy. Herein, we developed a bacteria-nanomaterial hybrid system (CuSVNP20009NB) to systematically modulate the tumor immune microenvironment and improve tumor immunotherapy. Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium (VNP20009) that can chemotactically migrate to the hypoxic area of the tumor and repolarize tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) was employed to intracellularly biosynthesize copper sulfide nanomaterials (CuS NMs) and extracellularly hitchhike NLG919-embedded and glutathione (GSH)-responsive albumin nanoparticles (NB NPs), forming CuSVNP20009NB. After intravenous injection into B16F1 tumor-bearing mice, CuSVNP20009NB could accumulate in tumor tissues and repolarize TAMs from the immunosuppressive M2 to immunostimulatory M1 phenotype and release NLG919 from extracellular NB NPs to inhibit IDO-1 activity. Under further near infrared laser irradiation, intracellular CuS NMs of CuSVNP20009NB could photothermally induce ICD including calreticulin (CRT) expression and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) release, promoting intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Finally, CuSVNP20009NB with excellent biocompatibility could systematically augment immune responses and significantly inhibit tumor growth, holding great promise for tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Song
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoqing Han
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China.
| | - Xiumin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yalin Cong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Wu
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Jiao Yan
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China.
| | - Yanjing Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xingbo Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengzhi Mu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Liming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Roe JM, Seely K, Bussard CJ, Eischen Martin E, Mouw EG, Bayles KW, Hollingsworth MA, Brooks AE, Dailey KM. Hacking the Immune Response to Solid Tumors: Harnessing the Anti-Cancer Capacities of Oncolytic Bacteria. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2004. [PMID: 37514190 PMCID: PMC10384176 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15072004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic bacteria are a classification of bacteria with a natural ability to specifically target solid tumors and, in the process, stimulate a potent immune response. Currently, these include species of Klebsiella, Listeria, Mycobacteria, Streptococcus/Serratia (Coley's Toxin), Proteus, Salmonella, and Clostridium. Advancements in techniques and methodology, including genetic engineering, create opportunities to "hijack" typical host-pathogen interactions and subsequently harness oncolytic capacities. Engineering, sometimes termed "domestication", of oncolytic bacterial species is especially beneficial when solid tumors are inaccessible or metastasize early in development. This review examines reported oncolytic bacteria-host immune interactions and details the known mechanisms of these interactions to the protein level. A synopsis of the presented membrane surface molecules that elicit particularly promising oncolytic capacities is paired with the stimulated localized and systemic immunogenic effects. In addition, oncolytic bacterial progression toward clinical translation through engineering efforts are discussed, with thorough attention given to strains that have accomplished Phase III clinical trial initiation. In addition to therapeutic mitigation after the tumor has formed, some bacterial species, referred to as "prophylactic", may even be able to prevent or "derail" tumor formation through anti-inflammatory capabilities. These promising species and their particularly favorable characteristics are summarized as well. A complete understanding of the bacteria-host interaction will likely be necessary to assess anti-cancer capacities and unlock the full cancer therapeutic potential of oncolytic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Roe
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
| | - Kevin Seely
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
| | - Caleb J Bussard
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO 80130, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth G Mouw
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
| | - Kenneth W Bayles
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Amanda E Brooks
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO 80130, USA
- Office of Research & Scholarly Activity, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Dailey
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
<italic>Salmonella typhimurium</italic> may support cancer treatment: a review. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:331-342. [PMID: 36786073 PMCID: PMC10160236 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
<p indent="0mm">Antitumour treatments are evolving, including bacteria-mediated cancer therapy which is concurrently an ancient and cutting-edge approach. <italic>Salmonella typhimurium</italic> is a widely studied bacterial species that colonizes tumor tissues, showing oncolytic and immune system-regulating properties. It can be used as a delivery vector for genes and drugs, supporting conventional treatments that lack tumor-targeting abilities. This article summarizes recent evidence on the anticancer mechanisms of <italic>S</italic>. <italic>typhimurium</italic> alone and in combination with other anticancer treatments, suggesting that it may be a suitable approach to disease management. </p>.
Collapse
|
16
|
Intratumoral microbiota: roles in cancer initiation, development and therapeutic efficacy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:35. [PMID: 36646684 PMCID: PMC9842669 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other eukaryotes, play critical roles in human health. An altered microbiome can be associated with complex diseases. Intratumoral microbial components are found in multiple tumor tissues and are closely correlated with cancer initiation and development and therapy efficacy. The intratumoral microbiota may contribute to promotion of the initiation and progression of cancers by DNA mutations, activating carcinogenic pathways, promoting chronic inflammation, complement system, and initiating metastasis. Moreover, the intratumoral microbiota may not only enhance antitumor immunity via mechanisms including STING signaling activation, T and NK cell activation, TLS production, and intratumoral microbiota-derived antigen presenting, but also decrease antitumor immune responses and promote cancer progression through pathways including upregulation of ROS, promoting an anti-inflammatory environment, T cell inactivation, and immunosuppression. The effect of intratumoral microbiota on antitumor immunity is dependent on microbiota composition, crosstalk between microbiota and the cancer, and status of cancers. The intratumoral microbiota may regulate cancer cell physiology and the immune response by different signaling pathways, including ROS, β-catenin, TLR, ERK, NF-κB, and STING, among others. These viewpoints may help identify the microbiota as diagnosis or prognosis evaluation of cancers, and as new therapeutic strategy and potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
17
|
Al-Saafeen BH, Al-Sbiei A, Bashir G, Mohamed YA, Masad RJ, Fernandez-Cabezudo MJ, al-Ramadi BK. Attenuated Salmonella potentiate PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy in a preclinical model of colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1017780. [PMID: 36605208 PMCID: PMC9807881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1017780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat cancer resulted in unprecedented and durable clinical benefits. However, the response rate among patients remains rather modest. Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated the efficacy of using attenuated bacteria as immunomodulatory anti-cancer agents. The current study investigated the potential of utilizing a low dose of attenuated Salmonella typhimurium to enhance the efficacy of PD-L1 blockade in a relatively immunogenic model of colon cancer. The response of MC38 tumors to treatment with αPD-L1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was variable, with only 30% of the mice being responsive. Combined treatment with αPD-L1 mAb and Salmonella resulted in 75% inhibition of tumor growth in 100% of animals. Mechanistically, the enhanced response correlated with a decrease in the percentage of tumor-associated granulocytic cells, upregulation in MHC class II expression by intratumoral monocytes and an increase in tumor infiltration by effector T cells. Collectively, these alterations resulted in improved anti-tumor effector responses and increased apoptosis within the tumor. Thus, our study demonstrates that a novel combination treatment utilizing attenuated Salmonella and αPD-L1 mAb could improve the outcome of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Besan H. Al-Saafeen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashraf Al-Sbiei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghada Bashir
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yassir A. Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Razan J. Masad
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria J. Fernandez-Cabezudo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basel K. al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates,*Correspondence: Basel K. al-Ramadi,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Guo Y, Song M, Liu X, Chen Y, Xun Z, Sun Y, Tan W, He J, Zheng JH. Photodynamic therapy-improved oncolytic bacterial immunotherapy with FAP-encoding S. typhimurium. J Control Release 2022; 351:860-871. [PMID: 36181917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered bacterial cancer therapy presents several advantages over conventional therapies. However, the anticancer effects of bacterium-based therapies remain insufficient, and serious side effects may be incurred with the increase in therapeutic dosages. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) suppresses tumor growth by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) through specific laser-activated photosensitizers (PSs). Tumor-specific PS delivery and activatable ROS generation are two critical aspects for PDT advancement. Here, we propose PDT-enhanced oncolytic bacterial immunotherapy (OBI) by using genetically engineered avirulent Salmonella expressing a fluorogen-activating protein (FAP). Upon binding to a fluorogen, FAP could be activated and generate fluorescence and ROS. The instant activation of persistent fluorescence was detected in tumors through bacterium-based imaging. In a colon cancer model, PDT-OBI showed an enhanced tumor inhibition effect and prolonged animal survival. Mechanically, PDT generated ROS, resulting in the killing of cancer cells and over-accumulated bacteria. The pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns released from the destroyed bacteria and cancer cells recruited and activated immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells), which released additional proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β); reduced anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10); and further enhanced immune cell infiltration in a positive-feedback manner, thus reducing bacterium-induced side effects and improving anticancer activities. This synergistic therapy has promising potential for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Guo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Mingxia Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhen Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wenzhi Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jianjun He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Jin Hai Zheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Becerra-Báez EI, Meza-Toledo SE, Muñoz-López P, Flores-Martínez LF, Fraga-Pérez K, Magaño-Bocanegra KJ, Juárez-Hernández U, Mateos-Chávez AA, Luria-Pérez R. Recombinant Attenuated Salmonella enterica as a Delivery System of Heterologous Molecules in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174224. [PMID: 36077761 PMCID: PMC9454573 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is among the main causes of death of millions of individuals worldwide. Although survival has improved with conventional treatments, the appearance of resistant cancer cells leads to patient relapses. It is, therefore, necessary to find new antitumor therapies that can completely eradicate transformed cells. Bacteria-based tumor therapy represents a promising alternative treatment, particularly the use of live-attenuated Salmonella enterica, with its potential use as a delivery system of antitumor heterologous molecules such as tumor-associated antigens, cytotoxic molecules, immunomodulatory molecules, pro-apoptotic proteins, nucleic acids, and nanoparticles. In this review, we present the state of the art of current preclinical and clinical research on the use of Salmonella enterica as a potential therapeutic ally in the war against cancer. Abstract Over a century ago, bacterial extracts were found to be useful in cancer therapy, but this treatment modality was obviated for decades. Currently, in spite of the development and advances in chemotherapies and radiotherapy, failure of these conventional treatments still represents a major issue in the complete eradication of tumor cells and has led to renewed approaches with bacteria-based tumor therapy as an alternative treatment. In this context, live-attenuated bacteria, particularly Salmonella enterica, have demonstrated tumor selectivity, intrinsic oncolytic activity, and the ability to induce innate or specific antitumor immune responses. Moreover, Salmonella enterica also has strong potential as a delivery system of tumor-associated antigens, cytotoxic molecules, immunomodulatory molecules, pro-apoptotic proteins, and nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells, in a process known as bactofection and antitumor nanoparticles. In this review, we present the state of the art of current preclinical and clinical research on the use of Salmonella enterica as a potential therapeutic ally in the war against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elayne Irene Becerra-Báez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Sergio Enrique Meza-Toledo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Paola Muñoz-López
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Luis Fernando Flores-Martínez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Karla Fraga-Pérez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Kevin Jorge Magaño-Bocanegra
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Uriel Juárez-Hernández
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Armando Alfredo Mateos-Chávez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Rosendo Luria-Pérez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-52289917 (ext. 4401)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Woong Yoo S, Young Kwon S, Kang SR, Min JJ. Molecular imaging approaches to facilitate bacteria-mediated cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114366. [PMID: 35654213 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria-mediated cancer therapy is a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer that has unique properties, including broad tumor-targeting ability, various administration routes, the flexibility of delivery, and facilitating the host's immune responses. The molecular imaging of bacteria-mediated cancer therapy allows the therapeutically injected bacteria to be visualized and confirms the accurate delivery of the therapeutic bacteria to the target lesion. Several hurdles make bacteria-specific imaging challenging, including the need to discriminate therapeutic bacterial infection from inflammation or other pathologic lesions. To realize the full potential of bacteria-specific imaging, it is necessary to develop bacteria-specific targets that can be associated with an imaging assay. This review describes the current status of bacterial imaging techniques together with the advantages and disadvantages of several imaging modalities. Also, we describe potential targets for bacterial-specific imaging and related applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Woong Yoo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Seong Young Kwon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeonnam, Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Sae-Ryung Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeonnam, Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeonnam, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bao Y, Cheng Y, Liu W, Luo W, Zhou P, Qian D. Bacteria−Based Synergistic Therapy in the Backdrop of Synthetic Biology. Front Oncol 2022; 12:845346. [PMID: 35444948 PMCID: PMC9013830 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.845346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the synergistic effect of traditional therapies combined with tumor targeting or immunotherapy can significantly reduce mortality, cancer remains the leading cause of disease related death to date. Limited clinical response rate, drug resistance and off-target effects, to a large extent, impede the ceilings of clinical efficiency. To get out from the dilemmas mentioned, bacterial therapy with a history of more than 150 years regained great concern in recent years. The rise of biological engineering and chemical modification strategies are able to optimize tumor bacterial therapy in highest measure, and meanwhile avoid its inherent drawbacks toward clinical application such as bacteriotoxic effects, weak controllability, and low security. Here, we give an overview of recent studies with regard to bacteria-mediated therapies combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. And more than that, we review the bacterial detoxification and targeting strategies via biological reprogramming or chemical modification, their applications, and clinical transformation prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dong Qian
- *Correspondence: Dong Qian, ; Peijie Zhou,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mónaco A, Plata MC, Chilibroste S, Vola M, Chabalgoity JA, Moreno M. Salmonella-induced immune response reduces recurrence and tumor dissemination in preclinical melanoma model. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 3:159-166. [PMID: 36032415 PMCID: PMC9403904 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Mónaco
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María C. Plata
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sofía Chilibroste
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Magdalena Vola
- Cátedra de Dermatología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jose A. Chabalgoity
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Moreno
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Influence of gut and intratumoral microbiota on the immune microenvironment and anti-cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105966. [PMID: 34728366 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microbiota has been implicated in the regulation of tumor progression and therapeutic efficacy. However, the effect of microbiota on disease progression is context dependent, differing according to tumor types, therapeutic regimens, and composition of the microbiota, calling for a deeper understanding of host-microbiome interactions. Previous studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota influences disease progression by regulating local and systemic immunity. Notably, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technology, intratumoral microbiota has also been found and constitutes an important component of the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge about the identification of intra-tumor microbiota and discuss the role of gut and intratumoral microbiota in solid tumors in the angle of immune microenvironment interaction. Furthermore, we discuss how these findings may benefit current anti-cancer approaches. Key problems to be solved in ongoing and future research are highlighted.
Collapse
|
24
|
Highlights of Immunomodulation in Salmonella-Based Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111566. [PMID: 34829795 PMCID: PMC8615479 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria-mediated cancer therapy (BMCT) is an emerging tool that may advance potential approaches in cancer immunotherapy, whereby tumors are eradicated by the hosts’ immune system upon recruitment and activation by bacteria such as Salmonella. This paper provides an emphasis on the immunomodulatory effects that encompasses both the innate and adaptive immune responses inherently triggered by Salmonella. Furthermore, modifications of Salmonella-based treatment in the attempt to improve tumor-specific immune responses including cytokine therapy, gene therapy, and DNA vaccine delivery are likewise discussed. The majority of the findings described herein incorporate cell-based experiments and murine model studies, and only a few accounts describe clinical trials. Salmonella-based cancer therapy is still under development; nonetheless, the pre-clinical research and early-phase clinical trials that have been completed so far have shown promising and convincing results. Certainly, the continuous development of, and innovation on, Salmonella-based therapy could pave the way for its eventual emergence as one of the mainstream therapeutic interventions addressing various types of cancer.
Collapse
|
25
|
Mackie GM, Copland A, Takahashi M, Nakanishi Y, Everard I, Kato T, Oda H, Kanaya T, Ohno H, Maslowski KM. Bacterial cancer therapy in autochthonous colorectal cancer affects tumor growth and metabolic landscape. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e139900. [PMID: 34710062 PMCID: PMC8675204 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cancer therapy (BCT) shows great promise for treatment of solid tumors, yet basic mechanisms of bacterial-induced tumor suppression remain undefined. Attenuated strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) have commonly been used in mouse models of BCT in xenograft and orthotopic transplant cancer models. We aimed to better understand the tumor epithelium-targeted mechanisms of BCT by using autochthonous mouse models of intestinal cancer and tumor organoid cultures to assess the effectiveness and consequences of oral treatment with aromatase A-deficient STm (STmΔaroA). STmΔaroA delivered by oral gavage significantly reduced tumor burden and tumor load in both a colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) model and in a spontaneous Apcmin/+ intestinal cancer model. STmΔaroA colonization of tumors caused alterations in transcription of mRNAs associated with tumor stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cell cycle. Metabolomic analysis of tumors demonstrated alteration in the metabolic environment of STmΔaroA-treated tumors, suggesting that STmΔaroA imposes metabolic competition on the tumor. Use of tumor organoid cultures in vitro recapitulated effects seen on tumor stemness, mesenchymal markers, and altered metabolome. Furthermore, live STmΔaroA was required, demonstrating active mechanisms including metabolite usage. We have demonstrated that oral BCT is efficacious in autochthonous intestinal cancer models, that BCT imposes metabolic competition, and that BCT has direct effects on the tumor epithelium affecting tumor stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian M. Mackie
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Copland
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Masumi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Institute for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakanishi
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Institute for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Intestinal Microbiota Project, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Isabel Everard
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tamotsu Kato
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Institute for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Intestinal Microbiota Project, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Oda
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Takashi Kanaya
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Institute for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Institute for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Intestinal Microbiota Project, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kendle M. Maslowski
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Institute for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Al-Saafeen BH, Fernandez-Cabezudo MJ, al-Ramadi BK. Integration of Salmonella into Combination Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133228. [PMID: 34203478 PMCID: PMC8269432 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite significant advances in the development of new treatments, cancer continues to be a major public health concern due to the high mortality associated with the disease. The introduction of immunotherapy as a new modality for cancer treatment has led to unprecedented clinical responses, even in terminal cancer patients. However, for reasons that remain largely unknown, the percentage of patients who respond to this treatment remains rather modest. In the present article, we highlight the potential of using attenuated Salmonella strains in cancer treatment, particularly as a means to enhance therapeutic efficacy of other cancer treatments, including immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The challenges associated with the clinical application of Salmonella in cancer therapy are discussed. An increased understanding of the potential of Salmonella bacteria in combination cancer therapy may usher in a major breakthrough in its clinical application, resulting in more favorable and durable outcomes. Abstract Current modalities of cancer treatment have limitations related to poor target selectivity, resistance to treatment, and low response rates in patients. Accumulating evidence over the past few decades has demonstrated the capacity of several strains of bacteria to exert anti-tumor activities. Salmonella is the most extensively studied entity in bacterial-mediated cancer therapy, and has a good potential to induce direct tumor cell killing and manipulate the immune components of the tumor microenvironment in favor of tumor inhibition. In addition, Salmonella possesses some advantages over other approaches of cancer therapy, including high tumor specificity, deep tissue penetration, and engineering plasticity. These aspects underscore the potential of utilizing Salmonella in combination with other cancer therapeutics to improve treatment effectiveness. Herein, we describe the advantages that make Salmonella a good candidate for combination cancer therapy and summarize the findings of representative studies that aimed to investigate the therapeutic outcome of combination therapies involving Salmonella. We also highlight issues associated with their application in clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Besan H. Al-Saafeen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Maria J. Fernandez-Cabezudo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Basel K. al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates;
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Salmonella Impacts Tumor-Induced Macrophage Polarization, and Inhibits SNAI1-Mediated Metastasis in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122894. [PMID: 34207850 PMCID: PMC8230152 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting metastasis is a vital strategy to improve the clinical outcome of cancer patients, specifically in cases with high-grade malignancies. Here, we employed a Salmonella-based treatment to address metastasis. The potential of Salmonella as an anticancer agent has been extensively studied; however, the mechanism through which it affects metastasis remains unclear. This study found that the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer SNAI1 was markedly reduced in Salmonella-treated melanoma cells, as revealed by immunoblotting. Furthermore, wound healing and transwell assays showed a reduced in vitro cell migration following Salmonella treatment. Transfection experiments confirmed that Salmonella acted against metastasis by suppressing protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, which in turn inhibited SNAI1 expression. Since it is known that metastasis is also influenced by inflammation, we partly characterized the immune infiltrates in melanoma as affected by Salmonella treatment. We found through tumor-macrophage co-culture that Salmonella treatment increased high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) secretion in tumors to coax the polarization of macrophages in favor of an M1-like phenotype, as shown by increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and Interleukin 1 Beta (IL-1β) secretion. Data from our animal study corroborated the in vitro findings, wherein the Salmonella-treated group obtained the lowest lung metastases, longer survival, and increased iNOS-expressing immune infiltrates.
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang D, Wei X, Kalvakolanu DV, Guo B, Zhang L. Perspectives on Oncolytic Salmonella in Cancer Immunotherapy-A Promising Strategy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:615930. [PMID: 33717106 PMCID: PMC7949470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.615930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first reported spontaneous regression of tumors in patients with streptococcus infection, cancer biological therapy was born and it evolved into today's immunotherapy over the last century. Although the original strategy was unable to impart maximal therapeutic benefit at the beginning, it laid the foundations for the development of immune checkpoint blockade and CAR-T which are currently used for cancer treatment in the clinics. However, clinical applications have shown that current cancer immunotherapy can cause a series of adverse reactions and are captious for patients with preexisting autoimmune disorders. Salmonellae was first reported to exert antitumor effect in 1935. Until now, numerous studies have proved its potency as an antitumor agent in the near future. In this review, we summarize the currently available data on the antitumor effects of Salmonella, and discussed a possibility of integrating Salmonella into cancer immunotherapy to overcome current obstacles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodong Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dhan V. Kalvakolanu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Baofeng Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kappes L, Amer RL, Sommerlatte S, Bashir G, Plattfaut C, Gieseler F, Gemoll T, Busch H, Altahrawi A, Al-Sbiei A, Haneefa SM, Arafat K, Schimke LF, Khawanky NE, Schulze-Forster K, Heidecke H, Kerstein-Staehle A, Marschner G, Pitann S, Ochs HD, Mueller A, Attoub S, Fernandez-Cabezudo MJ, Riemekasten G, Al-Ramadi BK, Cabral-Marques O. Ambrisentan, an endothelin receptor type A-selective antagonist, inhibits cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15931. [PMID: 32985601 PMCID: PMC7522204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies reported a central role of the endothelin type A receptor (ETAR) in tumor progression leading to the formation of metastasis. Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects of the FDA-approved ETAR antagonist, Ambrisentan, which is currently used to treat patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. In vitro, Ambrisentan inhibited both spontaneous and induced migration/invasion capacity of different tumor cells (COLO-357 metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, OvCar3 ovarian carcinoma, MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma, and HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia). Whole transcriptome analysis using RNAseq indicated Ambrisentan's inhibitory effects on the whole transcriptome of resting and PAR2-activated COLO-357 cells, which tended to normalize to an unstimulated profile. Finally, in a pre-clinical murine model of metastatic breast cancer, treatment with Ambrisentan was effective in decreasing metastasis into the lungs and liver. Importantly, this was associated with a significant enhancement in animal survival. Taken together, our work suggests a new therapeutic application for Ambrisentan in the treatment of cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Kappes
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ruba L Amer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sabine Sommerlatte
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ghada Bashir
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Corinna Plattfaut
- Section Experimental Oncology, University Hospital and Medical School (UKSH), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Frank Gieseler
- Section Experimental Oncology, University Hospital and Medical School (UKSH), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Timo Gemoll
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Lübeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology (LIED) and Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Abeer Altahrawi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashraf Al-Sbiei
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shoja M Haneefa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kholoud Arafat
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lena F Schimke
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nadia El Khawanky
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kai Schulze-Forster
- CellTrend GmbH, Luckenwalde, Brandenburg, Germany
- Department of Urology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Anja Kerstein-Staehle
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gabriele Marschner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Silke Pitann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hans D Ochs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Antje Mueller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Samir Attoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria J Fernandez-Cabezudo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Basel K Al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Lineu Prestes Avenue, 1730, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nadella V, Garg M, Kapoor S, Barwal TS, Jain A, Prakash H. Emerging neo adjuvants for harnessing therapeutic potential of M1 tumor associated macrophages (TAM) against solid tumors: Enusage of plasticity. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1029. [PMID: 32953829 PMCID: PMC7475467 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of most tumors. They are characterized by a high degree of functional plasticity which enable these cells to both promote and eliminate established tumors. Under the influence of immunosuppressive TME, tumor infiltrating iNOS+ and CD11b+ M-1 effector macrophages get polarized towards tumor associated macrophages (TAM) which are tropic to variety of tumors. Increased infiltration and density of TAM is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in the plethora of tumors due to their angiogenetic and tissue re-modelling nature. Importantly, TAMs are also responsible for developing endothelium anergy, a major physical barrier for majority of cancer directed immune/chemotherapies. Therefore, functional retuning/re-educating TAM to M-1 phenotypic macrophages is paramount for effective immunotherapy against established tumors. In this review, we discuss and provide comprehensive update on TAM-targeted approaches for enhancing immunity against various solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Nadella
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, India
| | - Sonia Kapoor
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, India
| | | | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bhatinda, India
| | - Hridayesh Prakash
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bacteria and cancer: Different sides of the same coin. Life Sci 2020; 246:117398. [PMID: 32032647 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Conventional cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy due to the complexity of cancer have been unsuccessful in the complete eradication of tumor cells. Thus, there is a need for new therapeutic strategies toward cancer. Recently, the therapeutic role of bacteria in different fields of medicine and pharmaceutical research has attracted attention in recent decades. Although several bacteria are notorious as cancer-causing agents, recent research revealed intriguing results suggesting the bacterial potential in cancer therapy. Thus, bacterial cancer therapy is an alternative anticancer approach that has promising results on tumor cells in-vivo. Moreover, with the aid of genetic engineering, some natural or genetically modified bacterial strains can directly target hypoxic regions of tumors and secrete therapeutic molecules leading to cancer cell death. Additionally, stimulation of immune cells by bacteria, bacterial cancer DNA vaccine and antitumor bacterial metabolites are other therapeutic applications of bacteria in cancer therapy. The present study is a comprehensive review of different aspects of bacterial cancer therapy alone and in combination with conventional methods, for improving cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
32
|
Guo Y, Chen Y, Liu X, Min JJ, Tan W, Zheng JH. Targeted cancer immunotherapy with genetically engineered oncolytic Salmonella typhimurium. Cancer Lett 2020; 469:102-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
33
|
Broadway KM, Scharf BE. Salmonella Typhimurium as an Anticancer Therapy: Recent Advances and Perspectives. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-019-00132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
34
|
Fernández-Cabezudo MJ, George JA, Bashir G, Mohamed YA, Al-Mansori A, Qureshi MM, Lorke DE, Petroianu G, Al-Ramadi BK. Involvement of Acetylcholine Receptors in Cholinergic Pathway-Mediated Protection Against Autoimmune Diabetes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1038. [PMID: 31156627 PMCID: PMC6529936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I diabetes (T1D) is a T cell-driven autoimmune disease that results in the killing of pancreatic β-cells and, consequently, loss of insulin production. Using the multiple low-dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) model of experimental autoimmune diabetes, we previously reported that pretreatment with a specific acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI), paraoxon, prevented the development of hyperglycemia in C57BL/6 mice. This correlated with an inhibition of T cell infiltration into the pancreatic islets and a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway utilizes nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs and mAChRs, respectively) expressed on a variety of cell types. In this study, we carried out a comparative analysis of the effect of specific antagonists of nAChRs or mAChRs on the development of autoimmune diabetes. Co-administration of mecamylamine, a non-selective antagonist of nAChRs maintained the protective effect of AChEI on the development of hyperglycemia. In contrast, co-administration of atropine, a non-selective antagonist of mAChRs, mitigated AChEI-mediated protection. Mice pretreated with mecamylamine had an improved response in glucose tolerance test (GTT) than mice pretreated with atropine. These differential effects of nAChR and mAChR antagonists correlated with the extent of islet cell infiltration and with the structure and functionality of the β-cells. Taken together, our data suggest that mAChRs are essential for the protective effect of cholinergic stimulation in autoimmune diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Fernández-Cabezudo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Junu A George
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghada Bashir
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yassir A Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alreem Al-Mansori
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed M Qureshi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dietrich E Lorke
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Georg Petroianu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Basel K Al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pangilinan CR, Lee CH. Salmonella-Based Targeted Cancer Therapy: Updates on A Promising and Innovative Tumor Immunotherapeutic Strategy. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7020036. [PMID: 31052558 PMCID: PMC6630963 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently, cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, primarily due to tumor heterogeneity associated with high-grade malignancy. Tumor heterogeneity poses a tremendous challenge, especially with the emergence of resistance not only to chemo- and radiation- therapies, but also to immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies. The use of Salmonella, as a highly selective and penetrative antitumor agent, has shown convincing results, thus meriting further investigation. In this review, the mechanisms used by Salmonella in combating cancer are carefully explained. In essence, Salmonella overcomes the suppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment and coaxes the activation of tumor-specific immune cells to induce cell death by apoptosis and autophagy. Furthermore, Salmonella treatment suppresses tumor aggressive behavior via inhibition of angiogenesis and delay of metastatic activity. Thus, harnessing the natural potential of Salmonella in eliminating tumors will provide an avenue for the development of a promising micro-based therapeutic agent that could be further enhanced to address a wide range of tumor types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Che-Hsin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liang K, Liu Q, Li P, Luo H, Wang H, Kong Q. Genetically engineered Salmonella Typhimurium: Recent advances in cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2019; 448:168-181. [PMID: 30753837 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria have been investigated as anti-tumor therapeutic agents for more than a century, since Coley first observed successful curing of a patient with inoperable cancer by injection of streptococcal organisms. Previous studies have demonstrated that some obligate or facultative anaerobes can selectively accumulate and proliferate within tumors and suppress their growth. Developments in molecular biology as well as the complete genome sequencing of many bacterial species have increased the applicability of bacterial organisms for cancer treatment. In particular, the facultative anaerobe Salmonella Typhimurium has been widely studied and genetically engineered to improve its tumor-targeting ability as well as to reduce bacterial virulence. Moreover, the effectiveness of engineered attenuated S. Typhimurium strains employed as live delivery vectors of various anti-tumor therapeutic agents or combined with other therapies has been evaluated in a large number of animal experiments. The well-known S. Typhimurium mutant VNP20009 and its derivative strain TAPET-CD have even been applied in human clinical trials. However, Salmonella-mediated cancer therapies have not achieved the expected success, except in animal experiments. Many problems remain to be solved to exploit more promising strategies for combatting cancer with Salmonella bacteria. Here, we summarize the promising studies regarding cancer therapy mediated by Salmonella bacteria and highlight the main mechanisms of Salmonella anti-tumor activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Pei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongyan Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Haoju Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qingke Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gwee CP, Khoo CH, Yeap SK, Tan GC, Cheah YK. Targeted inactivation of Salmonella Agona metabolic genes by group II introns and in vivo assessment of pathogenicity and anti-tumour activity in mouse model. PeerJ 2019; 7:e5989. [PMID: 30671294 PMCID: PMC6339473 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fight against cancer has been a never-ending battle. Limitations of conventional therapies include lack of selectivity, poor penetration and highly toxic to the host. Using genetically modified bacteria as a tumour therapy agent has gained the interest of scientist from the past few decades. Low virulence and highly tolerability of Salmonella spp. in animals and humans make it as the most studied pathogen with regards to anti-tumour therapy. The present study aims to construct a genetically modified S. Agona auxotroph as an anti-tumour agent. LeuB and ArgD metabolic genes in ΔSopBΔSopD double knockout S. Agona were successfully knocked out using a Targetron gene knockout system. The knockout was confirmed by colony PCR and the strains were characterized in vitro and in vivo. The knockout of metabolic genes causes significant growth defect in M9 minimal media. Quadruple knockout ΔSopBΔSopDΔLeuBΔArgD (BDLA) exhibited lowest virulence among all of the strains in all parameters including bacterial load, immunity profile and histopathology studies. In vivo anti-tumour study on colorectal tumour bearing-BALB/c mice revealed that all strains of S. Agona were able to suppress the growth of the large solid tumour as compared with negative control and ΔLeuBΔArgD (LA) and BDLA auxotroph showed better efficacy. Interestingly, higher level of tumour growth suppression was noticed in large tumour. However, multiple administration of bacteria dosage did not increase the tumour suppression efficacy. In this study, the virulence of BDLA knockout strain was slightly reduced and tumour growth suppression efficacy was successfully enhanced, which provide a valuable starting point for the development of S. Agona as anti-tumour agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin Piaw Gwee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chai Hoon Khoo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Geok Chin Tan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Kqueen Cheah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy have once again raised the hope that a cure might be within reach for many cancer types. Yet, most late-stage cancers are either insensitive to the therapies to begin with or develop resistance later. Therapy with live tumour-targeting bacteria provides a unique option to meet these challenges. Compared with most other therapeutics, the effectiveness of tumour-targeting bacteria is not directly affected by the 'genetic makeup' of a tumour. Bacteria initiate their direct antitumour effects from deep within the tumour, followed by innate and adaptive antitumour immune responses. As microscopic 'robotic factories', bacterial vectors can be reprogrammed following simple genetic rules or sophisticated synthetic bioengineering principles to produce and deliver anticancer agents on the basis of clinical needs. Therapeutic approaches using live tumour-targeting bacteria can either be applied as a monotherapy or complement other anticancer therapies to achieve better clinical outcomes. In this Review, we summarize the potential benefits and challenges of this approach. We discuss how live bacteria selectively induce tumour regression and provide examples to illustrate different ways to engineer bacteria for improved safety and efficacy. Finally, we share our experience and insights on oncology clinical trials with tumour-targeting bacteria, including a discussion of the regulatory issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Zhou
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Claudia Gravekamp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David Bermudes
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Ke Liu
- Oncology Branch, Division of Clinical Evaluation, Pharmacology and Toxicology; Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cancer Immunotherapy: Priming the Host Immune Response with Live Attenuated Salmonella enterica. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:2984247. [PMID: 30302344 PMCID: PMC6158935 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2984247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has undergone great advances because of our understanding of the immune response and the mechanisms through which tumor cells evade it. A century after the first immunotherapy attempt based on bacterial products described by William Coley, the use of live attenuated bacterial vectors has become a promising alternative in the fight against cancer. This review describes the role of live attenuated Salmonella enterica as an oncolytic and immunotherapeutic agent, due to its high affinity for tumor tissue and its ability to activate innate and adaptive antitumor immune response. Furthermore, its potential use as delivery system of tumor antigens and immunomodulatory molecules that induce tumor regression is also reviewed.
Collapse
|
40
|
Issac JM, Mohamed YA, Bashir GH, Al-Sbiei A, Conca W, Khan TA, Iqbal A, Riemekasten G, Bieber K, Ludwig RJ, Cabral-Marques O, Fernandez-Cabezudo MJ, Al-Ramadi BK. Induction of Hypergammaglobulinemia and Autoantibodies by Salmonella Infection in MyD88-Deficient Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1384. [PMID: 29973931 PMCID: PMC6019449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates a link between persistent infections and the development of autoimmune diseases. For instance, the inability to control Salmonella infection due to defective toll-like receptor (TLR)/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) signaling has linked the development of persistent infections to a breakdown in B cell tolerance. However, the extent of immune dysregulation in the absence of TLR-MyD88 signaling remains poorly characterized. Here, we show that MyD88−/− mice are unable to eliminate attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, even when challenged with a low-dose inoculum (200 CFUs/mouse), developing a persistent and progressive infection when compared to wild-type (MyD88+/+) animals. The splenic niche of MyD88−/− mice revealed increased counts of activated, Sca-1-positive, myeloid subpopulations highly expressing BAFF during persistent Salmonella infection. Likewise, the T cell compartment of Salmonella-infected MyD88−/− mice showed increased levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing Sca-1 and CD25 and producing elevated amounts of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-21 in response to CD3/CD28 stimulation. This was associated with increased Tfh cell differentiation and the presence of CD4+ T cells co-expressing IFN-γ/IL-4 and IFN-γ/IL-10. Noteworthy, infected MyD88−/− mice had enhanced serum titers of both anti-Salmonella antibodies as well as autoantibodies directed against double-stranded DNA, thyroglobulin, and IgG rheumatoid factor, positive nuclear staining with HEp-2 cells, and immune complex deposition in the kidneys of MyD88−/− mice infected with live but not heat-killed Salmonella. Infection with other microorganisms (Acinetobacter baumanii, Streptococcus agalactiae, or Escherichia coli) was unable to trigger the autoimmune phenomenon. Our findings suggest that dysregulation of the immune response in the absence of MyD88 is pathogen-dependent and highlight potentially important genotype–environmental factor correlations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jincy M Issac
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yassir A Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghada Hassan Bashir
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashraf Al-Sbiei
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Walter Conca
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taj A Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Katja Bieber
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Maria J Fernandez-Cabezudo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basel K Al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Endostatin gene therapy delivered by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium in murine tumor models. Cancer Gene Ther 2018; 25:167-183. [DOI: 10.1038/s41417-018-0021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
42
|
Kaimala S, Al-Sbiei A, Cabral-Marques O, Fernandez-Cabezudo MJ, Al-Ramadi BK. Attenuated Bacteria as Immunotherapeutic Tools for Cancer Treatment. Front Oncol 2018; 8:136. [PMID: 29765907 PMCID: PMC5938341 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of attenuated bacteria as cancer therapeutic tools has garnered increasing scientific interest over the past 10 years. This is largely due to the development of bacterial strains that maintain good anti-tumor efficacy, but with reduced potential to cause toxicities to the host. Because of its ability to replicate in viable as well as necrotic tissue, cancer therapy using attenuated strains of facultative anaerobic bacteria, such as Salmonella, has several advantages over standard treatment modalities, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Despite some findings suggesting that it may operate through a direct cytotoxic effect against cancer cells, there is accumulating evidence demonstrating that bacterial therapy acts by modulating cells of the immune system to counter the growth of the tumor. Herein, we review the experimental evidence underlying the success of bacterial immunotherapy against cancer and highlight the cellular and molecular alterations in the peripheral immune system and within the tumor microenvironment that have been reported following different forms of bacterial therapy. Our improved understanding of these mechanisms should greatly aid in the translational application of bacterial therapy to cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suneesh Kaimala
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashraf Al-Sbiei
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria J Fernandez-Cabezudo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basel K Al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kocijancic D, Leschner S, Felgner S, Komoll RM, Frahm M, Pawar V, Weiss S. Therapeutic benefit of Salmonella attributed to LPS and TNF-α is exhaustible and dictated by tumor susceptibility. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36492-36508. [PMID: 28445131 PMCID: PMC5482671 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of bacteria-mediated tumor therapy (BMTT) is highlighted by more than a century of investigation. Attenuated Salmonella has prevailed as promising therapeutic agents. For BMTT - categorized as an immune therapy - the exact contribution of particular immune reactions to the therapeutic effect remains ambiguous. In addition, one could argue for or against the requirement of bacterial viability and tumor targeting. Herein we evaluate the isolated therapeutic efficacy of purified LPS and TNF-α, which together account for a dominant immunogenic pathway of gram negative bacteria like Salmonella. We show that therapeutic efficacy against CT26 tumors does not require bacterial viability. Analogous to viable Salmonella SL7207, tumor regression by a specific CD8+ T cell response can be induced by purified LPS or recombinant TNF-α (rTNF-α). Conversely, therapeutic effects against RenCa tumors were abrogated upon bacterial avitalization and limited using isolated adjuvants. This argues for an alternative mechanistic explanation for SL7207 against RenCa that depends on viability and persistence. Unable to boost bacterial therapies by co-injection of rTNF-α suggested therapeutic effects along this axis are exhausted by the intrinsic adjuvanticity of bacteria alone. However, the importance of TNF-α for BMTT was highlighted by its support of tumor invasion and colonization in concert with lower infective doses of Salmonella. In consideration, bacterial therapeutic effectiveness along the axis of LPS and TNF-α appears limited, and does not offer the necessary plasticity for different tumors. This emphasizes a need for recombinant strengthening and vehicular exploitation to accommodate potency, plasticity and distinctiveness in BMTT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dino Kocijancic
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sara Leschner
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Felgner
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ronja-Melinda Komoll
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Frahm
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Vinay Pawar
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Al-Barazie RM, Bashir GH, Qureshi MM, Mohamed YA, Al-Sbiei A, Tariq S, Lammers WJ, Al-Ramadi BK, Fernandez-Cabezudo MJ. Cholinergic Activation Enhances Resistance to Oral Salmonella Infection by Modulating Innate Immune Defense Mechanisms at the Intestinal Barrier. Front Immunol 2018; 9:551. [PMID: 29616040 PMCID: PMC5867304 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a crucial defense mechanism that protects the body from the devastating effects of invading pathogens. However, an unrestrained inflammatory reaction may result in systemic manifestations with dire consequences to the host. The extent of activation of the inflammatory response is tightly regulated through immunological and neural pathways. Previously, we demonstrated that cholinergic stimulation confers enhanced protection in experimental animals orally infected with virulent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which this enhanced protection takes place. Cholinergic stimulation was induced by a 3-week pretreatment with paraoxon, a highly specific acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. This treatment enhanced host survival following oral-route infection and this correlated with significantly reduced bacterial load in systemic target organs. Enhanced protection was not due to increased gut motility or rapid bacterial clearance from the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, protection against bacterial infection was not evident when the animals were infected systemically, suggesting that acetylcholine-mediated protective effect was mostly confined to the gut mucosal tissue. In vivo imaging demonstrated a more localized infection and delay in bacterial dissemination into systemic organs in mice pretreated with paraoxon. Morphological analysis of the small intestine (ileum) showed that AChE inhibition induced the degranulation of goblet cells and Paneth cells, two specialized secretory cells involved in innate immunity. Our findings demonstrate a crucial pathway between neural and immune systems that acts at the mucosal interface to protect the host against oral pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ray M Al-Barazie
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghada Hassan Bashir
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed M Qureshi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yassir A Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashraf Al-Sbiei
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Tariq
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wim J Lammers
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basel K Al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria J Fernandez-Cabezudo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
The genes slyA, STM3120 and htrA are required for the anticancer ability of VNP20009. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81187-81196. [PMID: 27835896 PMCID: PMC5348385 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
VNP20009 is a very effective anti-cancer agent and can specifically target tumors and inhibit tumor growth. It was assumed that the tumor targeting ability of VNP20009 correlated to its anticancer capacity. However, our observation contradicted to this assumption. Three VNP20009 mutant strains (ΔslyA, ΔSTM3120 and ΔhtrA) with reduced fitness in normal tissues and unchanged fitness in tumors partially or completely lost their anti-cancer capacities. The genes slyA, STM3120 and htrA were required for survival within macrophages and were indispensable for tumor microenvironment remodeling by VNP20009. The infiltration of immune cells occurred less in the tumors of mice infected with the mutant strains. In addition, the mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly decreased in the tumors of mice treated with the mutant strains. Our results indicate that the immune responses elicited by bacteria rather than the bacterial titer in tumors play a “decisive” role in VNP20009-mediated bacterial cancer therapy, which provides a novel perspective for the underlying mechanism of bacterial cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
46
|
Tu DG, Chang WW, Lin ST, Kuo CY, Tsao YT, Lee CH. Salmonella inhibits tumor angiogenesis by downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37513-37523. [PMID: 27175584 PMCID: PMC5122328 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe that is a common cause of host intestinal infections. Salmonella grows under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and it has been proven capable of inhibiting tumor growth. However, the molecular mechanism by which Salmonella inhibits tumor growth is still unclear. Angiogenesis plays an important role in the development and progression of tumors. We investigated the antitumor effect of Salmonella in a syngeneic murine tumor model. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)α plays a significant role in tumor angiogenesis. We examined the molecular mechanism by which Salmonella regulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is an important angiogenic factor. The expression of VEGF in tumor cells was decreased by treatment with Salmonella. The conditioned medium from Salmonella-treated cells inhibited the proliferation of endothelial cells. Salmonella inhibited the expression of HIF-1α as well as downregulated its upstream signal mediator protein kinase B (AKT). Salmonella significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo, and immunohistochemical studies of the tumors revealed decreased intratumoral microvessel density. These results suggest that Salmonella therapy, which exerts anti-angiogenic activities, represents a promising strategy for the treatment of tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dom-Gene Tu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.,College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Song-Tao Lin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Tsao
- Department of Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsin Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Musolino C, Allegra A, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Immature myeloid-derived suppressor cells: A bridge between inflammation and cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2016; 37:671-683. [PMID: 27922687 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is considered to be one of the hallmarks of tumor initiation and progression. Changes occurring in the microenvironment of progressing tumors resemble the process of chronic inflammation, which begins with ischemia followed by interstitial and cellular edema, appearance of immune cells, growth of blood vessels and tissue repair, and development of inflammatory infiltrates. Moreover, long‑term production and accumulation of inflammatory factors lead to local and systemic immunosuppression associated with cancer progression. Of the several mechanisms described to explain this anergy, the accumulation of myeloid cells in the tumor, spleen, and peripheral blood of cancer patients has gained considerable interest. A population of suppressive CD11b+Gr-1+ cells has in fact been designated as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs are a unique category of the myeloid lineage, and they induce the prevention of the development of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in vitro, and the induction of antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell tolerance in vivo. Therapeutic approaches directed toward the manipulation of the MDSC population and their function may improve chemoimmune-enhancing therapy for advanced malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery, Pathological Anatomy and Oncology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery, Pathological Anatomy and Oncology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Govanni Pioggia
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFN CNR, Messina Unit, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital 'G. Martino', Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
George JA, Bashir G, Qureshi MM, Mohamed YA, Azzi J, Al-Ramadi BK, Fernández-Cabezudo MJ. Cholinergic Stimulation Prevents the Development of Autoimmune Diabetes: Evidence for the Modulation of Th17 Effector Cells via an IFNγ-Dependent Mechanism. Front Immunol 2016; 7:419. [PMID: 27790217 PMCID: PMC5061850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I diabetes (T1D) results from T cell-mediated damage of pancreatic β-cells and loss of insulin production. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway represents a physiological link connecting the central nervous and immune systems via vagus nerve, and functions to control the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Using the multiple low-dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) model to induce experimental autoimmune diabetes, we investigated the potential of regulating the development of hyperglycemia through administration of paraoxon, a highly specific acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI). We demonstrate that pretreatment with paraoxon prevented hyperglycemia in STZ-treated C57BL/6 mice. This correlated with a reduction in T cell infiltration into pancreatic islets and preservation of the structure and functionality of β-cells. Gene expression analysis of pancreatic tissue revealed that increased peripheral cholinergic activity prevented STZ-mediated loss of insulin production, this being associated with a reduction in IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 proinflammatory cytokines. Intracellular cytokine analysis in splenic T cells demonstrated that inhibition of AChE led to a shift in STZ-induced immune response from a predominantly disease-causing IL-17-expressing Th17 cells to IFNγ-positive Th1 cells. Consistent with this conclusion, inhibition of AChE failed to prevent STZ-induced hyperglycemia in IFNγ-deficient mice. Our results provide mechanistic evidence for the prevention of murine T1D by inhibition of AChE and suggest a promising strategy for modulating disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junu A George
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University , Al-Ain , UAE
| | - Ghada Bashir
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University , Al-Ain , UAE
| | - Mohammed M Qureshi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University , Al-Ain , UAE
| | - Yassir A Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University , Al-Ain , UAE
| | - Jamil Azzi
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Basel K Al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University , Al-Ain , UAE
| | - Maria J Fernández-Cabezudo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University , Al-Ain , UAE
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Silva-Valenzuela CA, Desai PT, Molina-Quiroz RC, Pezoa D, Zhang Y, Porwollik S, Zhao M, Hoffman RM, Contreras I, Santiviago CA, McClelland M. Solid tumors provide niche-specific conditions that lead to preferential growth of Salmonella. Oncotarget 2016; 7:35169-80. [PMID: 27145267 PMCID: PMC5085218 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic attenuated strains of Salmonella Typhimurium target and eradicate tumors in mouse models. However, the mechanism of S. Typhimurium for tumor targeting is still poorly understood. We performed a high-throughput screening of single-gene deletion mutants of S. Typhimurium in an orthotopic, syngeneic murine mammary model of breast cancer. The mutants under selection in this system were classified into functional categories to identify bacterial processes involved in Salmonella accumulation within tumors. Niche-specific genes involved in preferential tumor colonization were identified and exemplars were confirmed by competitive infection assays. Our results show that the chemotaxis gene cheY and the motility genes motAB confer an advantage for colonization of Salmonella within orthotopic syngeneic breast tumors. In addition, eutC, a gene belonging to the ethanolamine metabolic pathway, also confers an advantage for Salmonella within tumors, perhaps by exploiting either ethanolamine or an alternative nutrient in the inflamed tumor environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A. Silva-Valenzuela
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Current address: Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Prerak T. Desai
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Roberto C. Molina-Quiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Current address: Center for Adaptation Genetics and Drug Resistance, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Pezoa
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Steffen Porwollik
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Inés Contreras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos A. Santiviago
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael McClelland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nguyen VH, Min JJ. Salmonella-Mediated Cancer Therapy: Roles and Potential. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 51:118-126. [PMID: 28559936 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-016-0415-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of bacteria for cancer therapy, which was proposed many years ago, was not recognized as a potential therapeutic strategy until recently. Technological advances and updated knowledge have enabled the genetic engineering of bacteria for their safe and effective application in the treatment of cancer. The efficacy of radiotherapy depends mainly on tissue oxygen levels, and low oxygen concentrations in necrotic and hypoxic regions are a common cause of treatment failure. In addition, the distribution of a drug is important for the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy, and the poor vasculature in tumors impairs drug delivery, limiting the efficacy of a drug, especially in necrotic and hypoxic regions. Bacteria-mediated cancer therapy (BMCT) relies on facultative anaerobes that can survive in well or poorly oxygenated regions, and it therefore improves the therapeutic efficacy drug distribution throughout the tumor mass. Since the mid-1990s, the number of published bacterial therapy papers has increased rapidly, with a doubling time of 2.5 years in which the use of Salmonella increased significantly. BMCT is being reevaluated to overcome some of the drawbacks of conventional therapies. This review focuses on Salmonella-mediated cancer therapy as the most widely used type of BMCT.2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vu Hong Nguyen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 5 Hak1 dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-746 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|