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Gibson V, Boysen ST, Hobaiter C, Davila-Ross M. Object use in communication of semi-wild chimpanzees. Anim Cogn 2023; 26:1521-1537. [PMID: 37314595 PMCID: PMC10442273 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-023-01792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Object interactions play an important role in human communication but the extent to which nonhuman primates incorporate objects in their social interactions remains unknown. To better understand the evolution of object use, this study explored how objects are used in social interactions in semi-wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). We used an observational approach focusing on naturally occurring object actions where we examined their use and tested whether the production of object actions was influenced by the recipients' visual attention as well as by colony membership. The results show that chimpanzees adjusted both the type of object used, and the modality of object actions to match the visual attention of the recipient, as well as colony differences in the use of targeted object actions. These results provide empirical evidence highlighting that chimpanzees use objects in diverse ways to communicate with conspecifics and that their use may be shaped by social factors, contributing to our understanding of the evolution of human nonverbal communication, language, and tool use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet Gibson
- Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK
| | | | - Catherine Hobaiter
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Marina Davila-Ross
- Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK.
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2
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Seike T. Frequent predation on primates by crowned eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus) in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Primates 2022; 63:327-333. [PMID: 35578142 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-022-00990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The significance of raptor predation has been repeatedly emphasized in studies on arboreal primates; however, there are few studies on the predation of primates by raptors in primate-rich forest environments. Among the raptor species, the crowned eagle in Africa is known to be a primate-predator. In this study, a video camera was set up at the nesting site of a crowned eagle pair in the Mahale Mountains National Park in Tanzania, and the prey species delivered to the nest by the pair were identified by analyzing the video footage. Of the 46 prey deliveries recorded during 4.5 months of recording in the nestling season, primates accounted for 26 cases, of which 16 were red-tailed monkeys, the most abundant primates in the area. No prey was clearly identified as red colobus, despite a seemingly high density of this monkey species. This result suggests that predation by the eagles was biased toward the red-tailed monkey in Mahale, whereas no such bias toward the same monkey species was reported in a previous study conducted in Kibale. Furthermore, among different predator species in Mahale, only the crowned eagle prey primarily on red-tailed monkeys. Although chimpanzees and leopards inhabiting the study area are also significant predators of monkeys, these two species prefer red colobus to red-tailed monkeys. This suggests that these two monkey species living in the same forest have different primary predatory threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Seike
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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3
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Gaunet F, Savalli C, Legou T. An exploratory study on dogs’ vocalizations towards their owner and food in an unsolvable task. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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5
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Rodrigues ED, Santos AJ, Veppo F, Pereira J, Hobaiter C. Connecting primate gesture to the evolutionary roots of language: A systematic review. Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23313. [PMID: 34358359 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Comparative psychology provides important contributions to our understanding of the origins of human language. The presence of common features in human and nonhuman primate communication can be used to suggest the evolutionary trajectories of potential precursors to language. However, to do so effectively, our findings must be comparable across diverse species. This systematic review describes the current landscape of data available from studies of gestural communication in human and nonhuman primates that make an explicit connection to language evolution. We found a similar number of studies on human and nonhuman primates, but that very few studies included data from more than one species. As a result, evolutionary inferences remain restricted to comparison across studies. We identify areas of focus, bias, and apparent gaps within the field. Different domains have been studied in human and nonhuman primates, with relatively few nonhuman primate studies of ontogeny and relatively few human studies of gesture form. Diversity in focus, methods, and socio-ecological context fill important gaps and provide nuanced understanding, but only where the source of any difference between studies is transparent. Many studies provide some definition for their use of gesture; but definitions of gesture, and in particular, criteria for intentional use, are absent in the majority of human studies. We find systematic differences between human and nonhuman primate studies in the research scope, incorporation of other modalities, research setting, and study design. We highlight eight particular areas in a call to action through which we can strengthen our ability to investigate gestural communication's contribution within the evolutionary roots of human language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina D Rodrigues
- William James Center for Research, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António J Santos
- William James Center for Research, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Flávia Veppo
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Pereira
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catherine Hobaiter
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
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6
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Lesser spot-nosed monkeys coordinate alarm call production with associated Campbell’s monkeys. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03053-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Forest monkeys often form semi-permanent mixed-species associations to increase group-size related anti-predator benefits without corresponding increases in resource competition. In this study, we analysed the alarm call system of lesser spot-nosed monkeys, a primate that spends most of its time in mixed-species groups while occupying the lowest and presumably most dangerous part of the forest canopy. In contrast to other primate species, we found no evidence for predator-specific alarm calls. Instead, males gave one general alarm call type (‘kroo’) to three main dangers (i.e., crowned eagles, leopards and falling trees) and a second call type (‘tcha-kow’) as a coordinated response to calls produced in non-predatory contexts (‘boom’) by associated male Campbell’s monkeys. Production of ‘kroo’ calls was also strongly affected by the alarm calling behaviour of male Campbell’s monkeys, suggesting that male lesser spot-nosed monkeys adjust their alarm call production to another species’ vocal behaviour. We discuss different hypotheses for this unusual phenomenon and propose that high predation pressure can lead to reliance on other species vocal behaviour to minimise predation.
Significance statement
Predation can lead to the evolution of acoustically distinct, predator-specific alarm calls. However, there are occasional reports of species lacking such abilities, despite diverse predation pressure, suggesting that evolutionary mechanisms are more complex. We conducted field experiments to systematically describe the alarm calling behaviour of lesser spot-nosed monkeys, an arboreal primate living in the lower forest strata where pressure from different predators is high. We found evidence for two acoustically distinct calls but, contrary to other primates in the same habitat, no evidence for predator-specific alarms. Instead, callers produced one alarm call type (‘kroo’) to all predator classes and another call type (‘tcha-kow’) to non-predatory dangers, but only as a response to a specific vocalisation of Campbell’s monkeys (‘boom’). The production of both calls was affected by the calling behaviour of Campbell’s monkeys, suggesting that lesser spot-nosed monkey vocal behaviour is dependent on the antipredator behaviour of other species. Our study advances the theory of interspecies interactions and evolution of alarm calls.
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Suscke P, Presotto A, Izar P. The role of hunting on Sapajus xanthosternos' landscape of fear in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23243. [PMID: 33755228 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Habitats with spatial variation in food availability, predation risk, and hunting pressure allow us to study how animals resolve the trade-off between food searching and predator avoidance. We investigated the influence of food availability, predation risk, and the perceived predation risk on habitat use by a primate living under high hunting pressure, the yellow-breasted capuchin monkeys, Sapajus xanthosternos, at Una Biological Reserve (ReBio Una). We hypothesized that the hunting pressure occurring in the capuchins' home range would favor predator avoidance to the detriment of searching for food. We characterized a set of covariates related to resource availability (fruit and invertebrate biomasses, feeding on dispersed and clumped food items, sleeping sites), perceived predation risk (alarm calls given to terrestrial and aerial predators, silent group movement, and vigilance behavior), and actual predation risk (evidence of hunting) and estimated their effects on how one group of capuchin monkeys uses its habitat. The group divides its time among three major forest types within their home range: agroforest, mature, and secondary. Our results suggest that the actual and perceived risk of hunting by humans, as well as the perceived predation risk by both terrestrial and aerial predators, were significant determinants of capuchin monkeys' space use. Yellow-breasted capuchin monkeys' space use was negatively related to the risk of hunting by humans (actual evidence and silent behavior), the perceived risk of predation by both aerial and terrestrial predators, and the presence of sleeping sites. Capuchin monkeys' use of space was not related to the biomass of fruits in the habitat, and the biomass of invertebrates had a very low positive effect. We confirmed our prediction that in a habitat with high hunting pressure, the risk of predation, both perceived and actual, had a more significant impact on how yellow-breasted capuchins used space than did food availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Suscke
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Presotto
- Department of Geography and Geosciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrícia Izar
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Adams DB, Kitchen DM. Model vs. playback experiments: The impact of sensory mode on predator‐specific escape responses in saki monkeys. Ethology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dara B. Adams
- Department of Anthropology The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
- Department of Anthropology Humboldt State University Arcata CA USA
| | - Dawn M. Kitchen
- Department of Anthropology The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
- Department of Anthropology The Ohio State University Mansfield OH USA
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9
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Mielke A, Crockford C, Wittig RM. Snake alarm calls as a public good in sooty mangabeys. Anim Behav 2019; 158:201-209. [PMID: 31875856 PMCID: PMC6915763 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Transmitting information about the location of a predator in social animal species can be seen as an investment in a public good, where information is the resource and group members benefit from reduced fatalities of kin and cooperation partners in their community. As few empirical tests of this idea exist in natural settings, we conducted a field experiment using snake models in wild sooty mangabeys, Cercocebus atys atys. We tested sooty mangabey alarm-calling patterns when exposed to viper models, investigating whether individuals called to signal fitness, to warn specific group members, or when information about the threat is not public, as would be predicted by public goods games. Strong interindividual differences in the likelihood of alarm calling existed. We found that overlap between callers was rare. Individuals were more likely to call if fewer individuals were present at the encounter site and if they had not heard other alarm calls before arriving at the site, indicating that alarm calls extended the information about the threat to following group members. This group size effect is in line with predictions of the volunteer's dilemma, a public goods game. We found no indications that individuals called specifically to warn ignorant individuals, kin or cooperation partners. Calling when information about the threat was not public allowed individuals to warn following group members while avoiding redundancy. Public goods games have not been employed widely in studies of the evolution of primate cooperation and animal communication in general but may provide useful models for understanding group level cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mielke
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, U.K
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Leipzig, Germany
- Taï Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
- Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab, Institute for Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, Oxford, U.K
| | - Catherine Crockford
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Leipzig, Germany
- Taï Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Roman M. Wittig
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Leipzig, Germany
- Taï Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
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Wheeler BC, Fahy M, Tiddi B. Experimental evidence for heterospecific alarm signal recognition via associative learning in wild capuchin monkeys. Anim Cogn 2019; 22:687-695. [PMID: 31069567 PMCID: PMC6687673 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-019-01264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many vertebrate taxa respond to heterospecific alarm calls with anti-predator behaviours. While it is unclear how apparent recognition is achieved, learned associations between the occurrence of the call and the presence of a predator are considered the most likely explanation. Conclusive evidence that this behaviour is indeed underpinned by learning, however, is scarce. This study tested whether wild black capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus) learn to associate novel sounds with predators through a two-phase field experiment. During an initial training phase, three study groups were each presented with a playback of one of the three novel sounds together with a simulated felid predator on four occasions over an 8- to 12-week period. This was followed by a test phase, wherein each of the three sounds was played back to individuals in all three groups, allowing each sound to serve as both a test stimulus for individuals trained with that sound, and a control stimulus for individuals trained with another sound. Antipredator responses were significantly stronger in response to test sounds than to controls. Limited observations suggest that antipredator responses persisted for at least 2 years without reinforcement of the predator-sound link. Additionally, responses to noisier sounds were typically stronger than were those to more tonal sounds, although the effect of sound type cannot be disentangled from potential effects of group. This study provides the strongest evidence to date that learning affects the responses of primates to sounds such as heterospecific alarm calls, and supports the contention that signals provide receivers with information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C Wheeler
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK.
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Proyecto Caí, Iguazú National Park, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.
| | - Martin Fahy
- Proyecto Caí, Iguazú National Park, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Barbara Tiddi
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Proyecto Caí, Iguazú National Park, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August University, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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11
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Silvestri A, Morgan K, Ridley AR. The association between evidence of a predator threat and responsiveness to alarm calls in Western Australian magpies ( Cracticus tibicen dorsalis). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7572. [PMID: 31523516 PMCID: PMC6714966 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alarm calls are a widespread form of antipredator defence and being alerted to the presence of predators by the alarm calls of conspecifics is considered one of the benefits of group living. However, while social information can allow an individual to gain additional information, it can also at times be inaccurate or irrelevant. Such variation in the accuracy of social information is predicted to select for receivers to discriminate between sources of social information. In this study, we used playback experiments to determine whether Western Australian magpies (Cracticus tibicen dorsalis) respond to the predator information associated with alarm calls. Magpies were exposed to the alarm calls of two group members that differed in the threat associated with the alarm call: one call was played in the presence of a predator model while the other was not—in order to establish differences in the predator information provided by each caller. We then played back the alarm calls of the same group members in the absence of the predator model to determine whether magpies responded differently to signallers in response to the previous association between the alarm call and a predator threat. We found that receivers showed significantly greater levels of responsiveness to signallers that previously gave alarm calls in the appropriate context. Thus, the accuracy of threat-based information influenced subsequent receiver response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Silvestri
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kate Morgan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Amanda R Ridley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Vaughan ER, Teshera MS, Kusamba C, Edmonston TR, Greenbaum E. A remarkable example of suspected Batesian mimicry of Gaboon Vipers (Reptilia: Viperidae: Bitis gabonica) by Congolese Giant Toads (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Sclerophrys channingi). J NAT HIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1669730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene R. Vaughan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Mark S. Teshera
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Chifundera Kusamba
- Laboratoire d’Herpétologie, Département de Biologie, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles, Lwiro, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Theresa R. Edmonston
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Eli Greenbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
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Adams DB, Kitchen DM. Experimental evidence that titi and saki monkey alarm calls deter an ambush predator. Anim Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Zoratto F, Oddi G, Gori E, Micucci A, De Petrillo F, Paglieri F, Adriani W, Laviola G, Addessi E. Social modulation of risky decision-making in rats (Rattus norvegicus) and tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.). Behav Brain Res 2018; 347:37-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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16
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Barnett AA, de Oliveira T, Soares da Silva RF, de Albuquerque Teixeira S, Tomanek P, Todd LM, Boyle SA. Honest error, precaution or alertness advertisement? Reactions to vertebrate pseudopredators in red-nosed cuxiús (Chiropotes albinasus
),
a high-canopy neotropical primate. Ethology 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian A. Barnett
- Núcleo de Biodiversidade; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA); Manaus AM Brazil
- Amazon Mammals Research Group; INPA; Manaus AM Brazil
- Centre for Research in Evolutionary Anthropology; Roehampton University; London UK
| | - Tadeu de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia; Universidade Estadual do Maranhão; São Luís MA Brazil
| | | | | | - Pavel Tomanek
- Department of Animal Husbandry & Behavior; Czech University of Life Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Lucy M. Todd
- Centre for Research in Evolutionary Anthropology; Roehampton University; London UK
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Berthet M, Neumann C, Mesbahi G, Cäsar C, Zuberbühler K. Contextual encoding in titi monkey alarm call sequences. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-017-2424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Street CNH, Vadillo MA. Commentary: Can Ordinary People Detect Deception after All? Front Psychol 2017; 8:1789. [PMID: 29081758 PMCID: PMC5645821 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chris N. H. Street
- Department of Psychology, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
- International Research Centre for Investigative Psychology, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel A. Vadillo
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Ramsier MA, Vinyard CJ, Dominy NJ. Auditory sensitivity of the tufted capuchin (Sapajus apella), a test of allometric predictions. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 141:4822. [PMID: 28679259 DOI: 10.1121/1.4986940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
New World monkeys are a diverse primate group and a model for understanding hearing in mammals. However, comparable audiograms do not exist for the larger monkeys, making it difficult to test the hypothesized relationship between interaural distance and high-frequency hearing limit (i.e., the allometric model). Here, the auditory brainstem response (ABR) method is used to assess auditory sensitivity in four tufted capuchins (Sapajus apella), a large monkey with a large interaural distance. A primate-typical four-peak pattern in the ABR waveforms was found with peak latencies from ca. 2 to 12 ms after stimulus onset. Response amplitude decreased linearly with decreasing stimulus level (mean r2 = 0.93, standard deviation 0.14). Individual variation in each threshold was moderate (mean ± 7 dB). The 10-dB bandwidth of enhanced sensitivity was 2-16 kHz-a range comparable to smaller monkeys and congruent with the bandwidth of their vocal repertoire. In accord with the general principles of the allometric model, the 60-dB high-frequency limit of S. apella (26 kHz) is lower than those of smaller-headed monkeys; however, it is substantially lower than 44.7 kHz, the value predicted by the allometric model. These findings and other exceptions to the allometric model warrant cautious application and further investigation of other potential selective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Ramsier
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - Christopher J Vinyard
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Dominy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 6047 Silsby Hall, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-3537, USA
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Farrow LF, Doohan SJ, McDonald PG. Alarm calls of a cooperative bird are referential and elicit context-specific antipredator behavior. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Predatory threat of harpy eagles for yellow-breasted capuchin monkeys in the Atlantic Forest. Primates 2016; 58:141-147. [PMID: 27485747 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-016-0557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe seven encounters between different harpy eagle individuals (Harpia harpyja) and a group of yellow-breasted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus xanthosternos) in Una Biological Reserve. These interactions lasted 58 min on average. In each of those encounters, the capuchin monkeys used particular behavioral strategies against the harpy eagle that were not employed in reaction to other aerial predators. We did not observe any successful predation events, but after one of those encounters an infant disappeared from the capuchin group. As a whole, these observations indicate that the presence of harpy eagles in the group's home range increases predation risk for capuchin monkeys. The present report also suggests a reoccupation by H. harpyja of this area, as no previous recent records identify harpy eagle occurrence in Una Biological Reserve.
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ten Brinke L, Vohs KD, Carney DR. Can Ordinary People Detect Deception After All? Trends Cogn Sci 2016; 20:579-588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wilson DA, Tomonaga M, Vick SJ. Eye preferences in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella). Primates 2016; 57:433-40. [PMID: 27083927 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-016-0537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study explored whether capuchin monkey eye preferences differ systematically in response to stimuli of positive and negative valence. The 'valence hypothesis' proposes that the right hemisphere is more dominant for negative emotional processing and the left hemisphere is more dominant for positive emotional processing. Visual information from each eye is thought to be transferred faster to and primarily processed by the contralateral cerebral hemisphere. Therefore, it was predicted capuchin monkeys would show greater left eye use for looking at negative stimuli and greater right eye use for looking at positive stimuli. Eleven captive capuchin monkeys were presented with four images of different emotional valence (an egg and capuchin monkey raised eyebrow face were categorised as positive, and a harpy eagle face and capuchin monkey threat face were categorised as negative) and social relevance (consisting of capuchin monkey faces or not), and eye preferences for viewing the stimuli through a monocular viewing hole were recorded. While strong preferences for using either the left or right eye were found for most individuals, there was no consensus at the population level. Furthermore, the direction of looking, number of looks and duration of looks did not differ significantly with the emotional valence of the stimuli. These results are inconsistent with the main hypotheses about the relationship between eye preferences and processing of emotional stimuli. However, the monkeys did show significantly more arousal behaviours (vocalisation, door-touching, self-scratching and hand-rubbing) when viewing the negatively valenced stimuli than the positively valenced stimuli, indicating that the stimuli were emotionally salient. These findings do not provide evidence for a relationship between eye preferences and functional hemispheric specialisations, as often proposed in humans. Additional comparative studies are required to better understand the phylogeny of lateral biases, particularly in relation to emotional valence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan A Wilson
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan.
| | - Masaki Tomonaga
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan
| | - Sarah-Jane Vick
- Division of Psychology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
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Coye C, Ouattara K, Zuberbühler K, Lemasson A. Suffixation influences receivers' behaviour in non-human primates. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20150265. [PMID: 25925101 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to humans, non-human primates have very little control over their vocal production. Nonetheless, some primates produce various call combinations, which may partially offset their lack of acoustic flexibility. A relevant example is male Campbell's monkeys (Cercopithecus campbelli), which give one call type ('Krak') to leopards, while the suffixed version of the same call stem ('Krak-oo') is given to unspecific danger. To test whether recipients attend to this suffixation pattern, we carried out a playback experiment in which we broadcast naturally and artificially modified suffixed and unsuffixed 'Krak' calls of male Campbell's monkeys to 42 wild groups of Diana monkeys (Cercopithecus diana diana). The two species form mixed-species groups and respond to each other's vocalizations. We analysed the vocal response of male and female Diana monkeys and overall found significantly stronger vocal responses to unsuffixed (leopard) than suffixed (unspecific danger) calls. Although the acoustic structure of the 'Krak' stem of the calls has some additional effects, subject responses were mainly determined by the presence or the absence of the suffix. This study indicates that suffixation is an evolved function in primate communication in contexts where adaptive responses are particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Coye
- Laboratoire EthoS, Université de Rennes 1, U.M.R 6552-C.N.R.S, Station Biologique de Paimpont, 35380, Paimpont, France School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9AJ, UK Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Taï Monkey Project, Adiopodoumé, Abidjan Ivory Coast
| | - Karim Ouattara
- Laboratoire de Zoologie et Biologie Animale, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Abidjan, Ivory Coast Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Taï Monkey Project, Adiopodoumé, Abidjan Ivory Coast
| | - Klaus Zuberbühler
- Institut de Biologie, Université de Neuchâtel, rue Emile Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9AJ, UK Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Taï Monkey Project, Adiopodoumé, Abidjan Ivory Coast
| | - Alban Lemasson
- Laboratoire EthoS, Université de Rennes 1, U.M.R 6552-C.N.R.S, Station Biologique de Paimpont, 35380, Paimpont, France Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Taï Monkey Project, Adiopodoumé, Abidjan Ivory Coast Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
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Kershenbaum A, Blumstein DT, Roch MA, Akçay Ç, Backus G, Bee MA, Bohn K, Cao Y, Carter G, Cäsar C, Coen M, DeRuiter SL, Doyle L, Edelman S, Ferrer-i-Cancho R, Freeberg TM, Garland EC, Gustison M, Harley HE, Huetz C, Hughes M, Bruno JH, Ilany A, Jin DZ, Johnson M, Ju C, Karnowski J, Lohr B, Manser MB, McCowan B, Mercado E, Narins PM, Piel A, Rice M, Salmi R, Sasahara K, Sayigh L, Shiu Y, Taylor C, Vallejo EE, Waller S, Zamora-Gutierrez V. Acoustic sequences in non-human animals: a tutorial review and prospectus. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 91:13-52. [PMID: 25428267 PMCID: PMC4444413 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Animal acoustic communication often takes the form of complex sequences, made up of multiple distinct acoustic units. Apart from the well-known example of birdsong, other animals such as insects, amphibians, and mammals (including bats, rodents, primates, and cetaceans) also generate complex acoustic sequences. Occasionally, such as with birdsong, the adaptive role of these sequences seems clear (e.g. mate attraction and territorial defence). More often however, researchers have only begun to characterise - let alone understand - the significance and meaning of acoustic sequences. Hypotheses abound, but there is little agreement as to how sequences should be defined and analysed. Our review aims to outline suitable methods for testing these hypotheses, and to describe the major limitations to our current and near-future knowledge on questions of acoustic sequences. This review and prospectus is the result of a collaborative effort between 43 scientists from the fields of animal behaviour, ecology and evolution, signal processing, machine learning, quantitative linguistics, and information theory, who gathered for a 2013 workshop entitled, 'Analysing vocal sequences in animals'. Our goal is to present not just a review of the state of the art, but to propose a methodological framework that summarises what we suggest are the best practices for research in this field, across taxa and across disciplines. We also provide a tutorial-style introduction to some of the most promising algorithmic approaches for analysing sequences. We divide our review into three sections: identifying the distinct units of an acoustic sequence, describing the different ways that information can be contained within a sequence, and analysing the structure of that sequence. Each of these sections is further subdivided to address the key questions and approaches in that area. We propose a uniform, systematic, and comprehensive approach to studying sequences, with the goal of clarifying research terms used in different fields, and facilitating collaboration and comparative studies. Allowing greater interdisciplinary collaboration will facilitate the investigation of many important questions in the evolution of communication and sociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Kershenbaum
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, 1122 Volunteer Blvd., Suite 106, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-3410, USA
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Daniel T. Blumstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
| | - Marie A. Roch
- Department of Computer Science, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Çağlar Akçay
- Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Gregory Backus
- Department of Biomathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Mark A. Bee
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 100 Ecology Building, 1987 Upper Buford Cir, Falcon Heights, MN 55108, USA
| | - Kirsten Bohn
- Integrated Science, Florida International University, Modesto Maidique Campus, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC-4, 351, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Gerald Carter
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Cristiane Cäsar
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St Mary’s Quad South Street, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Michael Coen
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, K6/446 Clinical Sciences Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-4675, USA
| | - Stacy L. DeRuiter
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Laurance Doyle
- Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Shimon Edelman
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, 211 Uris Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7601, USA
| | - Ramon Ferrer-i-Cancho
- Department of Computer Science, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, (Catalonia), Calle Jordi Girona, 31, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Todd M. Freeberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Austin Peay Building, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Ellen C. Garland
- National Marine Mammal Laboratory, AFSC/NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, Washington 98115, USA
| | - Morgan Gustison
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Heidi E. Harley
- Division of Social Sciences, New College of Florida, 5800 Bay Shore Rd, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA
| | - Chloé Huetz
- CNPS, CNRS UMR 8195, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Batiments 440-447, Rue Claude Bernard, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Melissa Hughes
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, 66 George St, Charleston, SC 29424, USA
| | - Julia Hyland Bruno
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College and the Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Amiyaal Ilany
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, 1122 Volunteer Blvd., Suite 106, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-3410, USA
| | - Dezhe Z. Jin
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, PA 16802-6300, USA
| | - Michael Johnson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Marquette University, 1515 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Chenghui Ju
- Department of Biology, Queen College, The City Univ. of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, New York 11367, USA
| | - Jeremy Karnowski
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0515, USA
| | - Bernard Lohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Marta B. Manser
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brenda McCowan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1 Peter J Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Eduardo Mercado
- Department of Psychology; Evolution, Ecology, & Behavior, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Park Hall Room 204, Buffalo, NY 14260-4110, USA
| | - Peter M. Narins
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, 612 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7246, USA
| | - Alex Piel
- Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street Cambridge, CB2 3QG, UK
| | - Megan Rice
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, 333 S. Twin Oaks Valley Rd., San Marcos, CA 92096-0001, USA
| | - Roberta Salmi
- Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia at Athens, 355 S Jackson St, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kazutoshi Sasahara
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Laela Sayigh
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 86 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Yu Shiu
- Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Charles Taylor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
| | - Edgar E. Vallejo
- Department of Computer Science, Monterrey Institute of Technology, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur Col. Tecnológico C.P. 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Sara Waller
- Department of Philosophy, Montana State University, 2-155 Wilson Hall, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Veronica Zamora-Gutierrez
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environmental Research, University College London, London WC1H 0AG, UK
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Katsu N, Yamada K, Nakamichi M. Function of grunts, girneys and coo calls of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in relation to call usage, age and dominance relationships. BEHAVIOUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated how the context of the production of vocalizations used in social interactions among Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) affects their outcome. We focused on a variety of soft vocalizations, including three acoustically distinct call types: grunts, girneys, and coo calls. We predicted that call outcomes would be influenced by call combinations and exchanges, and by the relationship between the caller and the recipient. We observed social interactions among female Japanese macaques, and found that individuals were less likely to initiate agonistic behaviour when they emitted calls. Call exchanges and call combinations increased the occurrence of affiliative interactions. The probability of affiliative interaction following a given type of call differed according to the relationship between the caller and the recipient. These findings suggest that recipients interpret these calls within a social context; they also demonstrate the existence of complex communicative abilities that integrate vocalizations and context in these monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Katsu
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yamada
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakamichi
- Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
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30
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Pollet TV, Stulp G, Henzi SP, Barrett L. Taking the aggravation out of data aggregation: A conceptual guide to dealing with statistical issues related to the pooling of individual-level observational data. Am J Primatol 2015; 77:727-40. [PMID: 25810242 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Field data often include multiple observations taken from the same individual. In order to avoid pseudoreplication, it is commonplace to aggregate data, generating a mean score per individual, and then using these aggregated data in subsequent analyses. Aggregation, however, can generate problems of its own. Not only does it lead to a loss of information, it can also leave analyses vulnerable to the "ecological fallacy": the drawing of false inferences about individual behavior on the basis of population level ("ecological") data. It can also result in Simpson's paradox, where relationships seen at the individual level can be completely reversed when analyzed at the aggregate level. These phenomena have been documented widely in the medical and social sciences but tend to go unremarked in primatological studies that rely on observational data from the field. Here, we provide a conceptual guide that explains how and why aggregate data are vulnerable to the ecological fallacy and Simpson's paradox, illustrating these points using data on baboons. We then discuss one particular analytical approach, namely multi-level modeling, that can potentially eliminate these problems. By highlighting the issue of the ecological fallacy, and increasing awareness of how datasets are often organized into a number of different levels, we also highlight the manner in which researchers can more positively exploit the structure of their datasets, without any information loss. These analytical approaches may thus provide greater insight into behavior by permitting more thorough investigation of interactions and cross-level effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V Pollet
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Stulp
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - S Peter Henzi
- Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Canada.,Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit, University of South Africa, South Africa
| | - Louise Barrett
- Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit, University of South Africa, South Africa
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31
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Bastos M, Souto A, Jones G, Eason P, Bione C, Schiel N, Bezerra B. Vocal repertoire of wild blonde capuchins (Sapajus flavius) and contextual use of calls. Am J Primatol 2015; 77:605-17. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Bastos
- Department of Zoology; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Antonio Souto
- Department of Zoology; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Gareth Jones
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Bristol; Bristol United Kingdom
| | - Perri Eason
- Department of Biology; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky USA
| | - Camila Bione
- Department of Zoology; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Department of Biology; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Bruna Bezerra
- Department of Zoology; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Bristol; Bristol United Kingdom
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32
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33
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Ducheminsky N, Henzi SP, Barrett L. Responses of vervet monkeys in large troops to terrestrial and aerial predator alarm calls. Behav Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/aru151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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34
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Wheeler BC, Tiddi B, Heistermann M. Competition-induced stress does not explain deceptive alarm calling in tufted capuchin monkeys. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Frechette JL, Sieving KE, Boinski S. Social and personal information use by squirrel monkeys in assessing predation risk. Am J Primatol 2014; 76:956-66. [PMID: 24809852 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The threat of predation can significantly influence prey behaviors through altered perceptions of risk. Prey risk perception is constantly updated via collection of personal and social information about predators. Better understanding of the links between information availability, its use, and prey species' perception of risk will aid in explaining how animals adapt to predation. The goal of this study was to determine the environmental and social cues-available to prey via personal and social information, respectively-that influence wild squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) reactivity to potential predators, treated here as a proxy for risk perception. We followed squirrel monkey troops for 3 years in Suriname, South America, and accounted for environmental and social variables associated with potential predator encounters. We utilized logistic regression models applied to a robust and long-term data set to reveal relationships among factors affecting squirrel monkey anti-predator responses. Our analyses revealed that height, season, type of predator stimulus, and mixed-species associations with capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) were highly related to intensity of squirrel monkey anti-predator responses. Moreover, our analyses revealed that squirrel monkeys overestimate the immediate threat of predation when individuals have incomplete information regarding the potential predator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson L Frechette
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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36
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Limited geographic variation in the acoustic structure of and responses to adult male alarm barks of African green monkeys. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014; 68:815-825. [PMID: 24771960 PMCID: PMC3986895 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1694-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The global diversity of human languages is a remarkable feature of our species, which requires a capacity for rapid vocal learning. Given that primate alarm calling systems have played an important role in the language origin debate, identifying geographic variation in primate alarm calls and understanding the underlying causal mechanisms are important steps to help uncover evolutionary precursors to language. This study investigates geographic variation in the alarm bark of the widely distributed African green monkey (Chlorocebus). To quantify geographic variation in spectral and temporal call structure, acoustic analysis was used to compare the adult male barks of green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) and two subspecies of vervet (Chlorocebus pygerythrus pygerythrus and Chlorocebus pygerythrus hilgerti). Playback experiments were also carried out to test whether adult male vervets would distinguish between the barks of own-group males, unknown conspecific males and green monkey males. Acoustic analysis showed that, whilst similar in overall structure, the barks of green monkeys could be distinguished from vervet barks with a high degree of accuracy; the barks of vervet subspecies could also be discriminated, although to a lesser degree. Males responded most strongly to unknown conspecific males' barks, and exhibited responses typical of leopard-avoidance and territorial defence. Taken together, these findings indicate that variation in alarm calls can be best explained by phylogenetic distance, and that intra- and inter-species differences are relevant during social interactions. Moreover, barks may function as an alarm and display call, which could explain the observed sexual dimorphism in barks in this genus.
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37
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Bouchet H, Laporte M, Candiotti A, Lemasson A. Flexibilité vocale sous influences sociales chez les primates non-humains. REVUE DE PRIMATOLOGIE 2013. [DOI: 10.4000/primatologie.1794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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38
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Abstract
Most scholars agree that avoiding predators is a central concern of lemurs, monkeys, and apes. However, given uncertainties about the frequency with which primates actually become prey, the selective importance of predation in primate evolution continues to be debated. Some argue that primates are often killed by predators, while others maintain that such events are relatively rare. Some authors have contended that predation's influence on primate sociality has been trivial; others counter that predation need not occur often to be a powerful selective force. Given the challenges of documenting events that can be ephemeral and irregular, we are unlikely ever to amass the volume of systematic, comparative data we have on such topics as feeding, social dynamics, or locomotor behavior. Nevertheless, a steady accumulation of field observations, insight gained from natural experiments, and novel taphonomic analyses have enhanced understanding of how primates interact with several predators, especially raptors, the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Scott McGraw
- Department of Anthropology, 064 Smith Laboratory, The Ohio State University, 174 West 18th Avenue
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Etting SF, Isbell LA, Grote MN. Factors increasing snake detection and perceived threat in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Am J Primatol 2013; 76:135-45. [PMID: 24395649 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The primary predators of primates are all ambush hunters, and yet felids, raptors, and snakes differ in aspects of their ecology that affect the evasive strategies of their primate prey. Felids and raptors can traverse long distances quickly, thus the urgency of threat they present increases as they come closer in proximity to primates. In contrast, snakes do not move rapidly over long distances, and so primates may be reasonably safe even at close distances provided snakes can be detected and monitored. We investigated the ability of captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) to detect snakes at distances ranging from 15 to 1.5 m. We also examined variation in intensity of perceived threat by applying a Hidden Markov Model to infer changes in underlying state from observable behaviors, that is, increased attention and mobbing. We found that the macaques often failed to detect snake models but that closer proximity improved snake detection, which is necessary before threat can be perceived. We also found that having only one individual in fairly close proximity (≤ 7.5 m) was sufficient to alert the rest of the group and so the chances of detection did not increase with increasing group size. Finally, we found that when the snakes were perceived, they did not elicit greater intensity of response with closer proximity. These results provide evidence that the threat from snakes is greatest when they are in proximity to primates but are unseen. When snakes are seen, however, distance appears not to affect primates' perceived risk, in contrast to their perceived risk from raptors and felids.
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40
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Fischer J, Noser R, Hammerschmidt K. Bioacoustic field research: a primer to acoustic analyses and playback experiments with primates. Am J Primatol 2013; 75:643-63. [PMID: 23592340 PMCID: PMC3698702 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic analyses of primate vocalizations as well as playback experiments are staple methods in primatology. Acoustic analyses have been used to investigate the influence of factors such as individuality, context, sex, age, and size on variation in calls. More recent studies have expanded our knowledge on the effects of phylogenetic relatedness and the structure of primate vocal repertoires in general. Complementary playback experiments allow direct testing of hypotheses regarding the attribution of meaning to calls, the cognitive mechanisms underpinning responses, and/or the adaptive value of primate behavior. After briefly touching on the historical background of this field of research, we first provide an introduction to recording primate vocalizations and discuss different approaches to describe primate calls in terms of their temporal and spectral properties. Second, we present a tutorial regarding the preparation, execution, and interpretation of field playback experiments, including a review of studies that have used such approaches to investigate the responses to acoustic variation in calls including the integration of contextual and acoustic information, recognition of kin and social relationships, and social knowledge. Based on the review of the literature and our own experience, we make a number of recommendations regarding the most common problems and pitfalls. The power of acoustic analyses typically hinges on the quality of the recordings and the number of individuals represented in the sample. Playback experiments require profound knowledge of the natural behavior of the animals for solid interpretation; experiments should be conducted sparingly, to avoid habituation of the subjects to the occurrence of the calls; experimenter-blind designs chosen whenever possible; and researchers should brace themselves for long periods of waiting times until the appropriate moments to do the experiment arise. If all these aspects are considered, acoustic analyses and field playback experiments provide unique insights into primate communication and cognition. Am. J. Primatol. 75:643–663, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fischer
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.
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Wheeler BC, Fischer J. Functionally referential signals: a promising paradigm whose time has passed. Evol Anthropol 2013; 21:195-205. [PMID: 23074065 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Finding the evolutionary origins of human language in the communication systems of our closest living relatives has, for the last several decades, been a major goal of many in the field of animal communication generally and primate communication specifically.1-4 The so-called "functionally referential" signals have long been considered promising in this regard, with apparent parallels with the semantic communication that characterizes language. The once-prominent idea that functionally referential signals are word-like, in that they are arbitrary sounds that refer to phenomena external to the caller, has largely been abandoned.5 However, the idea that these signals may offer the strongest link between primate communication and human language remains widespread, primarily due to the fact the behavior of receivers indicates that such signals enable them to make very specific inferences about their physical or social environment. Here we review the concept of functional reference and discuss modern perspectives that indicate that, although the sophistication of receivers provides some continuity between nonhuman primate and human cognition, this continuity is not unique to functionally referential signals. In fact, because functionally referential signals are, by definition, produced only in specific contexts, receivers are less dependent on the integration of contextual cues with signal features to determine an appropriate response. The processing of functionally referential signals is therefore likely to entail simpler cognitive operations than does that of less context-specific signals. While studies of functional reference have been important in highlighting the relatively sophisticated processes that underlie receiver behavior, we believe that the continued focus on context-specific calls detracts from the potentially more complex processes underlying responses to more unspecific calls. In this sense, we argue that the concept of functional reference, while historically important for the field, has outlived its usefulness and become a red herring in the pursuit of the links between primate communication and human language.
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Wheeler BC, Hammerschmidt K. Proximate factors underpinning receiver responses to deceptive false alarm calls in wild tufted capuchin monkeys: is it counterdeception? Am J Primatol 2012. [PMID: 23184736 PMCID: PMC3746121 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Previous research demonstrates that tufted capuchin monkeys use terrestrial predator alarm calls in a functionally deceptive manner to distract conspecifics when feeding on contestable resources, although the success of this tactic is limited because listeners frequently ignore these calls when given in such situations. While this decreased response rate is suggestive of a counterstrategy to deception by receivers, the proximate factors underpinning the behavior are unclear. The current study aims to test if the decreased response rate to alarm calls in competitive contexts is better explained by the perception of subtle acoustic differences between predator-elicited and deceptive false alarms, or by receivers varying their responses based on the context in which the signal is received. This was tested by first examining the acoustic structure of predator-elicited and deceptive false alarms for any potentially perceptible acoustic differences, and second by comparing the responses of capuchins to playbacks of each of predator-elicited and false alarms, played back in noncompetitive contexts. The results indicate that deceptive false alarms and predator-elicited alarms show, at best, minimal acoustic differences based on the structural features measured. Likewise, playbacks of deceptive false alarms elicited antipredator reactions at the same rate as did predator-elicited alarms, although there was a nonsignificant tendency for false alarms to be more likely to elicit escape reactions. The lack of robust acoustic differences together with the high response rate to false alarms in noncompetitive contexts suggests that the context in which the signal is received best explains receiver responses. It remains unclear, however, if listeners ascribe different meanings to the calls based on context, or if they generally ignore all signals in competitive contexts. Whether or not the decreased response rate of receivers directly stems from the deceptive use of the calls cannot be determined until these latter possibilities are rigorously tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C Wheeler
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.
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Schel AM, Zuberbühler K. Predator and non-predator long-distance calls in Guereza colobus monkeys. Behav Processes 2012; 91:41-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Clay Z, Smith CL, Blumstein DT. Food-associated vocalizations in mammals and birds: what do these calls really mean? Anim Behav 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Wilson DR, Evans CS. Fowl communicate the size, speed and proximity of avian stimuli through graded structure in referential alarm calls. Anim Behav 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Cäsar C, Byrne R, Young RJ, Zuberbühler K. The alarm call system of wild black-fronted titi monkeys, Callicebus nigrifrons. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-011-1313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Janson CH. Reconciling Rigor and Range: Observations, Experiments, and Quasi-experiments in Field Primatology. INT J PRIMATOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-011-9550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Lemasson A, Ouattara K, Bouchet H, Zuberbühler K. Speed of call delivery is related to context and caller identity in Campbell’s monkey males. Naturwissenschaften 2010; 97:1023-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-010-0715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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