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Principe DR, Reilly P, Dhavamani S, Rivers A, Molokie R, Hsu LL, Ramasamy J. Hereditary Spherocytosis with Mitochondrial Retention, Increased Oxidative Stress, and Alterations to Bioactive Membrane Lipids. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2024; 46:e457-e462. [PMID: 38934620 PMCID: PMC11272435 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The clinical course for Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS) patients is highly varied, even within families with identical driving mutations. Here, we describe four siblings with HS attributed to an unreported SPTB mutation. All patients displayed an increased fraction of mitochondria-positive erythrocytes. This was associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and alteration to alterations to bioactive membrane lipids associated with oxidant stress. Given the early promise for mitophagy-inducing agents in sickle cell disease and ready availability of antioxidants, this concept warrants continued exploration as a disease-modifying factor and a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Paige Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Sugasini Dhavamani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Biology & Basic Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Angela Rivers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of California at San Francisco and Benioff Children’s Hospital
| | - Robert Molokie
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Medical Service, Jesse Brown VA, Chicago, IL
| | - Lewis L. Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Jagadeesh Ramasamy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Biology & Basic Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
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2
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Melo D, Ferreira F, Teles MJ, Porto G, Coimbra S, Rocha S, Santos-Silva A. Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, and Peroxiredoxin 2 in Erythrocyte Cytosol and Membrane in Hereditary Spherocytosis, Sickle Cell Disease, and β-Thalassemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:629. [PMID: 38929068 PMCID: PMC11201268 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) can counteract the deleterious effects of oxidative stress (OS). Their binding to the red blood cell (RBC) membrane has been reported in non-immune hemolytic anemias (NIHAs). Our aim was to evaluate the relationships between CAT, GPx, and Prx2, focusing on their role at the RBC membrane, in hereditary spherocytosis (HS), sickle cell disease (SCD), β-thalassemia (β-thal), and healthy individuals. The studies were performed in plasma and in the RBC cytosol and membrane, evaluating OS biomarkers and the enzymatic activities and/or the amounts of CAT, GPx, and Prx2. The binding of the enzymes to the membrane appears to be the primary protective mechanism against oxidative membrane injuries in healthy RBCs. In HS (unsplenectomized) and β-thal, translocation from the cytosol to the membrane of CAT and Prx2, respectively, was observed, probably to counteract lipid peroxidation. RBCs from splenectomized HS patients showed the highest membrane-bound hemoglobin, CAT, and GPx amounts in the membrane. SCD patients presented the lowest amount of enzyme linkage, possibly due to structural changes induced by sickle hemoglobin. The OS-induced changes and antioxidant response were different between the studied NIHAs and may contribute to the different clinical patterns in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Melo
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (A.S.-S.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Ferreira
- Hematology Service, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Maria José Teles
- Laboratory Hematology Service, Santo António Hospital, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal;
- Imuno-Hemotherapy Service, Santo António Hospital, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Graça Porto
- Imuno-Hemotherapy Service, Santo António Hospital, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal;
- Center for Predictive and Preventive Genetics (CGPP), Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology (CGPP/IBMC), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Coimbra
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (A.S.-S.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- 1H-TOXRUN–One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Susana Rocha
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (A.S.-S.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (A.S.-S.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
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3
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Melo D, Ferreira F, Teles MJ, Porto G, Coimbra S, Rocha S, Santos-Silva A. Reticulocyte Antioxidant Enzymes mRNA Levels versus Reticulocyte Maturity Indices in Hereditary Spherocytosis, β-Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2159. [PMID: 38396832 PMCID: PMC10889157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) are particularly important in erythroid cells. Reticulocytes and other erythroid precursors may adapt their biosynthetic mechanisms to cell defects or to changes in the bone marrow environment. Our aim was to perform a comparative study of the mRNA levels of CAT, GPX1, PRDX2 and SOD1 in reticulocytes from healthy individuals and from patients with hereditary spherocytosis (HS), sickle cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia (β-thal), and to study the association between their transcript levels and the reticulocyte maturity indices. In controls, the enzyme mRNA levels were significantly correlated with reticulocyte maturity indices for all genes except for SOD1. HS, SCD and β-thal patients showed younger reticulocytes, with higher transcript levels of all enzymes, although with different patterns. β-thal and HS showed similar reticulocyte maturity, with different enzyme mRNA levels; SCD and HS, with different reticulocyte maturity, presented similar enzyme mRNA levels. Our data suggest that the transcript profile for these antioxidant enzymes is not entirely related to reticulocyte maturity; it appears to also reflect adaptive mechanisms to abnormal erythropoiesis and/or to altered erythropoietic environments, leading to reticulocytes with distinct antioxidant potential according to each anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Melo
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (S.C.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Ferreira
- Hematology Service, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Maria José Teles
- Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Imuno-Hemotherapy Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Graça Porto
- Imuno-Hemotherapy Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Center for Predictive and Preventive Genetics (CGPP)/Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Coimbra
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (S.C.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- 1H-TOXRUN—One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Susana Rocha
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (S.C.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (S.C.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
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Matte A, Wilson AB, Gevi F, Federti E, Recchiuti A, Ferri G, Brunati AM, Pagano MA, Russo R, Leboeuf C, Janin A, Timperio AM, Iolascon A, Gremese E, Dang L, Mohandas N, Brugnara C, De Franceschi L. Mitapivat reprograms the RBC metabolome and improves anemia in a mouse model of hereditary spherocytosis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e172656. [PMID: 37676741 PMCID: PMC10619498 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is the most common, nonimmune, hereditary, chronic hemolytic anemia after hemoglobinopathies. The genetic defects in membrane function causing HS lead to perturbation of the RBC metabolome, with altered glycolysis. In mice genetically lacking protein 4.2 (4.2-/-; Epb42), a murine model of HS, we showed increased expression of pyruvate kinase (PK) isoforms in whole and fractioned RBCs in conjunction with abnormalities in the glycolytic pathway and in the glutathione (GSH) system. Mitapivat, a PK activator, metabolically reprogrammed 4.2-/- mouse RBCs with amelioration of glycolysis and the GSH cycle. This resulted in improved osmotic fragility, reduced phosphatidylserine positivity, amelioration of RBC cation content, reduction of Na/K/Cl cotransport and Na/H-exchange overactivation, and decrease in erythroid vesicles release in vitro. Mitapivat treatment significantly decreased erythrophagocytosis and beneficially affected iron homeostasis. In mild-to-moderate HS, the beneficial effect of splenectomy is still controversial. Here, we showed that splenectomy improves anemia in 4.2-/- mice and that mitapivat is noninferior to splenectomy. An additional benefit of mitapivat treatment was lower expression of markers of inflammatory vasculopathy in 4.2-/- mice with or without splenectomy, indicating a multisystemic action of mitapivat. These findings support the notion that mitapivat treatment should be considered for symptomatic HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Matte
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Anand B. Wilson
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Gevi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Enrica Federti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Recchiuti
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnology Science, “G.d’Annunzio” University of Chieti – Pescara, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Ferri
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnology Science, “G.d’Annunzio” University of Chieti – Pescara, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Christophe Leboeuf
- INSERM, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7 — Denis Diderot, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique — Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Anne Janin
- INSERM, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7 — Denis Diderot, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique — Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Anna Maria Timperio
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Gremese
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli–Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Immunology Core Facility, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli–IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lenny Dang
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Carlo Brugnara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Verona, Italy
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Benefits of Fermented Papaya in Human Health. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040563. [PMID: 35206040 PMCID: PMC8870802 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermented foods have been used for several years all over the world, due to their unique nutritional characteristics and because fermentation promotes conservation and food security. Moreover, fermented foods and beverages have a strong impact on human gut microbiota. Papaya is the fruit of the Carica papaya plant, traditionally used as a medicinal fruit, but there are also references to the use of the fermented form of this fruit. The main purpose of this review is to provide an improved understanding of fermented papaya nutritional and health applications. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Both in vitro and in vivo studies were included. According to the retrieved studies, fermented papaya has proven to be an excellent antioxidant and an excellent nutraceutical adjuvant in combined therapies against several diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, allergic reactions, anticancer activity, and anemias. Therefore, it is concluded that fermented papaya has many benefits for human health and can be used as prevention or aid in the treatment of various diseases.
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Fibach E. The Redox Balance and Membrane Shedding in RBC Production, Maturation, and Senescence. Front Physiol 2021; 12:604738. [PMID: 33664673 PMCID: PMC7920951 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.604738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane shedding in the form of extracellular vesicles plays a key role in normal physiology and pathology. Partial disturbance of the membrane-cytoskeleton linkage and increased in the intracellular Ca content are considered to be mechanisms underlying the process, but it is questionable whether they constitute the primary initiating steps. Homeostasis of the redox system, which depends on the equilibrium between oxidants and antioxidants, is crucial for many cellular processes. Excess oxidative power results in oxidative stress, which affects many cellular components, including the membrane. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress indirectly affects membrane shedding most probably by affecting the membrane-cytoskeleton and the Ca content. In red blood cells (RBCs), changes in both the redox system and membrane shedding occur throughout their life-from birth-their production in the bone marrow, to death-aging in the peripheral blood and removal by macrophages in sites of the reticuloendothelial system. Both oxidative stress and membrane shedding are disturbed in diseases affecting the RBC, such as the hereditary and acquired hemolytic anemias (i.e., thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia). Herein, I review some data-based and hypothetical possibilities that await experimental confirmation regarding some aspects of the interaction between the redox system and membrane shedding and its role in the normal physiology and pathology of RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Fibach
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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Czaja B, Gutierrez M, Závodszky G, de Kanter D, Hoekstra A, Eniola-Adefeso O. The influence of red blood cell deformability on hematocrit profiles and platelet margination. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007716. [PMID: 32163405 PMCID: PMC7093031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of red blood cell (RBC) deformability in whole blood on platelet margination is investigated using confocal microscopy measurements of flowing human blood and cell resolved blood flow simulations. Fluorescent platelet concentrations at the wall of a glass chamber are measured using confocal microscopy with flowing human blood containing varying healthy-to-stiff RBC fractions. A decrease is observed in the fluorescent platelet signal at the wall due to the increase of stiffened RBCs in flow, suggesting a decrease of platelet margination due to an increased fraction of stiffened RBCs present in the flow. In order to resolve the influence of stiffened RBCs on platelet concentration at the channel wall, cell-pair and bulk flow simulations are performed. For homogeneous collisions between RBC pairs, a decrease in final displacement after a collision with increasing membrane stiffness is observed. In heterogeneous collisions between healthy and stiff RBC pairs, it is found that the stiffened RBC is displaced most. The influence of RBC deformability on collisions between RBCs and platelets was found to be negligible due to their size and mass difference. For a straight vessel geometry with varying healthy-to-stiff RBC ratios, a decrease was observed in the red blood cell-free layer and platelet margination due to an increase in stiffened RBCs present in flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Czaja
- Computational Science Lab, Faculty of Science, Institute for Informatics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mario Gutierrez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gábor Závodszky
- Computational Science Lab, Faculty of Science, Institute for Informatics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Hydrodynamic Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David de Kanter
- Computational Science Lab, Faculty of Science, Institute for Informatics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alfons Hoekstra
- Computational Science Lab, Faculty of Science, Institute for Informatics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Omolola Eniola-Adefeso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Abstract
Cell oxidative status, which represents the balance between oxidants and antioxidants, is involved in normal functions. Under pathological conditions, there is a shift toward the oxidants, leading to oxidative stress, which is cytotoxic, causing oxidation of cellular components that result in cell death and organ damage. Thalassemia is a hereditary hemolytic anemia caused by mutations in globin genes that cause reduced or complete absence of specific globin chains (commonly, α or β). Although oxidative stress is not the primary etiology of thalassemia, it mediates several of its pathologies. The main causes of oxidative stress in thalassemia are the degradation of the unstable hemoglobin and iron overload-both stimulate the production of excess free radicals. The symptoms aggravated by oxidative stress include increased hemolysis, ineffective erythropoiesis and functional failure of vital organs such as the heart and liver. The oxidative status of each patient is affected by multiple internal and external factors, including genetic makeup, health conditions, nutrition, physical activity, age, and the environment (e.g., air pollution, radiation). In addition, oxidative stress is influenced by the clinical manifestations of the disease (unpaired globin chains, iron overload, anemia, etc.). Application of personalized (theranostics) medicine principles, including diagnostic tests for selecting targeted therapy, is therefore important for optimal treatment of the oxidative stress of these patients. We summarize the role of oxidative stress and the current and potential antioxidative therapeutics in β-thalassemia and describe some methodologies, mostly cellular, that might be helpful for application of a theranostics approach to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Fibach
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, POB 12,000, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Mutaz Dana
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, POB 12,000, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
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Ghosh I, Mukherjee A, Mukherjee A. Nanoscale zerovalent iron particles induce differential cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress and hemolytic responses in human lymphocytes and erythrocytes in vitro. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1623-1639. [PMID: 31355497 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The growing usage of nanoscale zerovalent iron particles (nZVI) in the remediation of soil, ground/surface water has elicited large-scale environmental release triggering human exposure. The size of nanomaterials is a key regulator of toxicity. However, the effect of a variable size of nZVI on genotoxicity is unexplored in human cells. To the best of our knowledge, in this study, the cytotoxic, genotoxic and hemolytic potential of nZVI-1 (15 nm) and nZVI-2 (50 nm) at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 μg/mL was evaluated for the first time in human lymphocytes and erythrocytes treated for 3 hours. In erythrocytes, spherocytosis and echinocytosis occurred upon exposure to nZVI-1 and nZVI-2, respectively, leading to hemolysis. Lymphocytes treated with 20 μg/mL nZVI-2 and 10 μg/mL nZVI-1, incurred maximum DNA damage, although nZVI-2 induced higher cyto-genotoxicity than nZVI-1. This can be attributed to higher Fe ion dissolution and time/concentration-dependent colloidal destabilization (lower zeta potential) of nZVI-2. Although nZVI-1 showed higher uptake, its lower genotoxicity can be due to lesser Fe content, Fe ion dissolution and superior colloidal stability (higher zeta potential) compared with nZVI-2. Substantial accumulation of Ca2+ , superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals and H2 O2 leading to mitochondrial impairment and altered antioxidant enzyme activity was noted at the same concentrations. Pre-treatment with N-acetyl-cysteine modulated these parameters indicating the indirect action of reactive oxygen species in nZVI-induced DNA damage. The morphology of diffused nuclei implied the possible onset of apoptotic cell death. These results validate the synergistic role of size, ion dissolution, colloidal stability and reactive oxygen species on cyto-genotoxicity of nZVI and unlock further prospects in its environmental nano-safety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilika Ghosh
- Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Centre of Advance Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anita Mukherjee
- Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Centre of Advance Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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10
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Bissinger R, Bhuyan AAM, Qadri SM, Lang F. Oxidative stress, eryptosis and anemia: a pivotal mechanistic nexus in systemic diseases. FEBS J 2018; 286:826-854. [PMID: 30028073 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The average lifespan of circulating erythrocytes usually exceeds hundred days. Prior to that, however, erythrocytes may be exposed to oxidative stress in the circulation which could cause injury and trigger their suicidal death or eryptosis. Oxidative stress activates Ca2+ -permeable nonselective cation channels in the cell membrane, thus, stimulating Ca2+ entry and subsequent cell membrane scrambling resulting in phosphatidylserine exposure and activation of Ca2+ -sensitive K+ channels leading to K+ exit, hyperpolarization, Cl- exit, and ultimately cell shrinkage due to loss of KCl and osmotically driven water. While the mechanistic link between oxidative stress and anemia remains ill-defined, several diseases such as diabetes, hepatic failure, malignancy, chronic kidney disease and inflammation have been identified to display both increased oxidative stress as well as eryptosis. Recent compelling evidence suggests that oxidative stress is an important perpetrator in accelerating erythrocyte loss in different systemic conditions and an underlying mechanism for anemia associated with these pathological states. In the present review, we discuss the role of oxidative stress in reducing erythrocyte survival and provide novel insights into the possible use of antioxidants as putative antieryptotic and antianemic agents in a variety of systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abdulla Al Mamun Bhuyan
- Department of Vegetative & Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Vegetative & Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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11
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Trudel G, Uhthoff HK, Laneuville O. Hemolysis during and after 21 days of head-down-tilt bed rest. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/24/e13469. [PMID: 29263114 PMCID: PMC5742697 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoconcentration is observed in bed rest studies, descent from altitude, and exposure to microgravity. Hemoconcentration triggers erythrocyte losses to subsequently normalize erythrocyte concentration. The mechanisms of erythrocyte loss may involve enhanced hemolysis, but has never been measured directly in bed rest studies. Steady‐state hemolysis was evaluated by measuring two heme degradation products, endogenous carbon monoxide concentration [CO] and urobilinogen in feces, in 10 healthy men, before, during, and after two campaigns of 21 days of 6° head‐down‐tilt (HDT) bed rest. The subjects were hemoconcentrated at 10 and 21 days of bed rest: mean concentrations of hemoglobin (15.0 ± 0.2 g/L and 14.6 ± 0.1 g/L, respectively) and erythrocytes (5.18 ± 0.06E6/μL and 5.02 ± 0.06E6/μL, respectively) were increased compared to baseline (all Ps < 0.05). In contrast, mean hemoglobin mass (743 ± 19 g) and number of erythrocytes (2.56 ± 0.07E13) were decreased at 21 days of bed rest (both Ps < 0.05). Indicators of hemolysis mean [CO] (1660 ± 49 ppb and 1624 ± 48 ppb, respectively) and fecal urobilinogen concentration (180 ± 23 mg/day and 199 ± 22 mg/day, respectively) were unchanged at 10 and 21 days of bed rest compared to baseline (both Ps > 0.05). A significant decrease in [CO] (−505 ppb) was measured at day 28 after bed rest. HDT bed rest caused hemoconcentration in parallel with lower hemoglobin mass. Circulating indicators of hemolysis remained unchanged throughout bed rest supporting that enhanced hemolysis did not contribute significantly to erythrocyte loss during the hemoconcentration of bed rest. At day 28 after bed rest, decreased hemolysis accompanied the recovery of erythrocytes, a novel finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Trudel
- The Ottawa Hospital Rehabilitation Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada .,University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hans K Uhthoff
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Odette Laneuville
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Chen J, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Cao W, Sun H, Liu Y, Wang C. A genetic features and gene interaction study for identifying the genes that cause hereditary spherocytosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 22:240-247. [PMID: 27696975 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2016.1235673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a hemolytic disorder characterized by the presence of spherical-shaped red blood cells on the peripheral blood smear. Non-dominant HS cases are due to de novo mutations of the type associated with dominant inheritance or recessive genes. This study is aimed to identify HS-related biological mechanisms and predicting HS candidate genes. METHODS We searched the known HS-related genes from the public databases. By analyzing the gene ontology (GO) and biological pathway of these genes, we extracted the optimal features to encode HS genes. Based on them, we predicted the HS-related genes from genes of whole genomes using the Random Forest classification. We used the gene interaction networks analysis to further identify the core regulatory genes that were related to HS. RESULTS Forty-one known HS-related genes were found out and encoded. Three hundred and sixty-seven GO terms and ten biological pathway terms were identified as the optimal features for prediction. We subsequently predicted 150 novel HS-related genes and identified the core regulatory genes in the interaction network of predicted and known genes. These features and genes that we identified could complement the genetic features of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- a Nursing College of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yang Zhou
- b Department of Hematology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yaqi Gao
- c Nursing College of Hebi Polytechnic , Hebi , China
| | - Weijie Cao
- b Department of Hematology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Hui Sun
- b Department of Hematology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- b Department of Hematology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Chong Wang
- b Department of Hematology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
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Fibach E, Ginsburg I. The Antioxidant Effect of Fermented Papaya Preparation in the Oral Cavity. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1317-1322. [PMID: 26031772 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been recognized to play important roles in various diseases, including of the oral cavity. However, nutritional supplementation of antioxidants to ameliorate the consequences of oxidative stress is debatable. One caveat is that oxidative status is often measured under non-physiological conditions. Here, we investigated the antioxidant potential of fermented papaya preparation (FPP), a product of yeast fermentation of Carica papaya Linn, under conditions that prevail in the oral cavity. Employing highly sensitive luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assays, we show that its antioxidant capacity was augmented by saliva (up to 20-fold, p < 0.0001, at 10 mg) and its components (mucin, albumin) as well as by red blood cells (RBC) and microorganisms present in the normal and pathological environment of the oral cavity. Polyphenols are major plant antioxidants. Using the Folin-Ciocalteu's assay, a very low amount of phenols was measured in FPP suspended in a salt solution. However, its suspension in saliva, albumin, mucin or RBC produced up to sixfold increase, p < 0.001, compared with the sum of polyphenols assayed separately. The results suggested that these enhancing effects were due to the solubilization of antioxidant polyphenols in FPP by saliva proteins and the binding to RBC and microorganisms, thus increasing their availability and activity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fibach
- The Hematology Branch, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - I Ginsburg
- The Institute for Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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14
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Sagnia B, Fedeli D, Casetti R, Montesano C, Falcioni G, Colizzi V. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of extracts from Cassia alata, Eleusine indica, Eremomastax speciosa, Carica papaya and Polyscias fulva medicinal plants collected in Cameroon. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103999. [PMID: 25090613 PMCID: PMC4121200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vast majority of the population around the world has always used medicinal plants as first source of health care to fight infectious and non infectious diseases. Most of these medicinal plants may have scientific evidence to be considered in general practice. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to investigate the antioxidant capacities and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extracts of leaves of Cassia alata, Eleusine indica, Carica papaya, Eremomastax speciosa and the stem bark of Polyscias fulva, collected in Cameroon. METHODS Chemiluminescence was used to analyze the antioxidant activities of plant extracts against hydrogen peroxide or superoxide anion. Comet assays were used to analyze the protection against antioxidant-induced DNA damage induced in white blood cells after treating with hydrogen peroxide. Flow cytometry was used to measure γδ T cells proliferation and anti-inflammatory activity of γδ T cells and of immature dendritic cells (imDC) in the presence of different concentrations of plant extracts. RESULTS Ethanol extracts showed strong antioxidant properties against both hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion. Cassia alata showed the highest antioxidant activity. The effect of plant extracts on γδ T cells and imDC was evidenced by the dose dependent reduction in TNF-α production in the presence of Cassia alata, Carica papaya, Eremomastax speciosa Eleusine indica, and Polyscias fulva. γδ T cells proliferation was affected to the greatest extent by Polyscias fulva. CONCLUSION These results clearly show the antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory activities of plant extracts collected in Cameroon. These properties of leaves and stem bark extracts may contribute to the value for these plants in traditional medicine and in general medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Sagnia
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on Prevention and Management of HIV/AIDS (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- * E-mail:
| | - Donatella Fedeli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Rita Casetti
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Montesano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Colizzi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Karunamoorthi K, Kim HM, Jegajeevanram K, Xavier J, Vijayalakshmi J. Papaya: A gifted nutraceutical plant - a critical review of recent human health research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5667/tang.2013.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Polprasert C, Chiangjong W, Thongboonkerd V. Marked changes in red cell membrane proteins in hereditary spherocytosis: a proteomics approach. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:2312-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25009h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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