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Žagar Ž, Schmidt JM. A Scoping Review on Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cats: Current Evidence and Future Directions. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3059. [PMID: 37835664 PMCID: PMC10572079 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have become invaluable in the treatment of human and canine malignancies, but their role in feline oncology is less defined. While toceranib phosphate and masitinib mesylate are licensed for use in dogs, no TKI is yet approved for cats. This review systematically maps the research conducted on the expression of tyrosine kinases in neoplastic and non-neoplastic domestic feline tissues, as well as the in vitro/in vivo use of TKIs in domestic cats. We identify and discuss knowledge gaps and speculate on the further research and potential indications for TKI use in cats. A comprehensive search of three electronic databases and relevant paper reference lists identified 139 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The most commonly identified tumors were mast cell tumors (MCTs), mammary and squamous cell carcinomas and injection-site sarcomas. Based on the current literature, toceranib phosphate appears to be the most efficacious TKI in cats, especially against MCTs. Exploring the clinical use of TKIs in mammary carcinomas holds promise. Despite the progress, currently, the evidence falls short, underscoring the need for further research to discover new indications in feline oncology and to bridge the knowledge gaps between human and feline medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Žagar
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Clinic Hofheim, 65719 Hofheim am Taunus, Germany
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2
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Komatsu H, Ueshima A, Kobayashi Y, Shimoyama Y, Takiyama N, Rimpo K. Feline restrictive orbital myofibroblastic sarcoma treated with toceranib phosphate (Palladia) as adjuvant chemotherapy: A case study of one cat. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7582. [PMID: 37334334 PMCID: PMC10276202 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message This is the first case report of treatment with toceranib phosphate as postsurgical adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced FROMS. This reported case highlights the need for further studies on the efficacy of toceranib phosphate as adjuvant chemotherapy for FROMS. Abstract Feline restrictive orbital myofibroblastic sarcoma (FROMS) is a rare aggressive tumor in cats. We explored the effectiveness of using toceranib phosphate as postsurgical adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced FROMS in a 7-year-old cat. Despite treatment, the cat died 4 months after surgery. This report highlights the need for further studies on the efficacy of toceranib phosphate as adjuvant chemotherapy for FROMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoshitaka Kobayashi
- Animal Eye Care‐Tokyo Animal Eye ClinicTokyoJapan
- Saitama Animal Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
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3
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Frezoulis P, Harper A. The role of toceranib phosphate in dogs with non-mast cell neoplasia: A systematic review. Vet Comp Oncol 2022; 20:362-371. [PMID: 34981886 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has gained significant importance in veterinary cancer patients over the last decade. Toceranib phosphate has been licensed for the treatment of dogs with mast cell tumours. Its molecular similarity to sunitinib, a TKI used in human medicine, has led many veterinary oncologists to use this agent for multiple neoplastic diseases. The aim of the current study was to perform a systematic review of the evidence for the use of toceranib in dogs with non-mast cell neoplasia. Two electronic databases were searched. Publications were included if toceranib was used as a treatment option in canine patients. Studies and case reports were excluded if toceranib was used as part of a multi-modal treatment plan and response or outcome data related to toceranib therapy were not described. A total of 28 studies were included from 122 references. The most common types of neoplasias identified were neuroendocrine tumours, anal gland sac adenocarcinoma, and osteosarcoma. Multiple other neoplasias had one or two studies identified to describe the use of toceranib. Results of the study support that toceranib phosphate may have efficacy against certain types of neoplasia under certain conditions, such as neuroendocrine tumours, gastrointestinal stromal tumours and anal sac adenocarcinomas, while it is probably not effective for the management of metastatic osteosarcoma based on the findings of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Harper
- Wear Veterinary Referrals, Stockton-on-Tees, Durham, UK
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Yun T, Koo Y, Kim S, Lee W, Kim H, Chang D, Kim S, Yang MP, Kang BT. Characteristics of 18F-FDG and 18F-FDOPA PET in an 8-year-old neutered male Yorkshire Terrier dog with glioma: long-term chemotherapy using hydroxyurea plus imatinib with prednisolone and immunoreactivity for PDGFR-β and LAT1. Vet Q 2021; 41:163-171. [PMID: 33745419 PMCID: PMC8118437 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2021.1906466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An 8-year-old neutered male Yorkshire Terrier dog presented with head pressing, vestibular ataxia, neck tenderness, and no oculocephalic reflex. A demarcated lesion in the pons was identified on MRI. The patient was tentatively diagnosed with a glioma and was treated with hydroxyurea plus imatinib and prednisolone. After 30 days of therapeutic treatment, the patient showed a clear improvement in neurological signs, which lasted for 1117 days. On day 569 after the initiation of treatment, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) was performed with no significant findings on visual analysis. The average and maximal standardized uptake values (SUVs) were 1.92 and 2.29, respectively. The tumor-to-normal-tissue (T/N) ratio was 0.97. The first evidence of clinical deterioration was noticed on day 1147. On day 1155, 3,4-dihydroxy-6-[18F]-fluoro-l-phenylalanine (18F-FDOPA)-PET was performed. High uptake of 18F-FDOPA was observed in the intracranial lesion. The mean and maximal SUVs of the tumor were 1.59 and 2.29, respectively. The T/N ratio was 2.22. The patient was euthanized on day 1155 and histopathologic evaluations confirmed glioma (astrocytoma). This case shows that chemotherapy with hydroxyurea plus imatinib may be considered in the treatment of canine glioma. Furthermore, this is the first case describing the application of 18F-FDG and 18F-FDOPA in a dog with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesik Yun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Yoonhoi Koo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Sanggu Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Wonguk Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Hakhyun Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Soochong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Mhan-Pyo Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Teck Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
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5
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Brain-invasive meningiomas: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic options. Brain Tumor Pathol 2021; 38:156-172. [PMID: 33903981 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-021-00399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most commonly diagnosed benign intracranial adult tumors. Subsets of meningiomas that present with extensive invasion into surrounding brain areas have high recurrence rates, resulting in difficulties for complete resection, substantially increased mortality of patients, and are therapeutically challenging for neurosurgeons. Exciting new data have provided insights into the understanding of the molecular machinery of invasion. Moreover, clinical trials for several novel approaches have been launched. Here, we will highlight the mechanisms which govern brain invasion and new promising therapeutic approaches for brain-invasive meningiomas, including pharmacological approaches targeting three major aspects of tumor cell invasion: extracellular matrix degradation, cell adhesion, and growth factors, as well as other innovative treatments such as immunotherapy, hormone therapy, Tumor Treating Fields, and biodegradable copolymers (wafers), impregnated chemotherapy. Those ongoing studies can offer more diversified possibilities of potential treatments for brain-invasive meningiomas, and help to increase the survival benefits for patients.
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Expression of Platelet Derived Growth Factor a, Its Receptor, and Integrin Subunit Alpha V in Feline Injection-Site Sarcomas. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2021-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Injection-site sarcomas are considered an important entity in veterinary oncology, especially in cats. The current study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGFA), platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFR-α), and integrin alpha subunit v in feline injection-site sarcomas (FISS). A total of 14 paraffin-embedded tissue samples previously diagnosed as soft tissue sarcomas were selected from the departmental archive and sectioned at 5µm using a microtome. Tissue sections were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin, Alcian blue-Periodic Acid Schiff (AB-PAS), Masson’s Trichrome, and immunohistochemically for PDGFA, PDGR-α, and integrin alpha v. The majority of the tumors were fibrosarcomas (n=13/14), except one case of myxoid liposarcoma. The tumors occurred at sites commonly used for injections or vaccine administration. Histologically, tumors were characterized by peripheral infiltration of mononuclear cells mainly lymphocytes, variable sized central necrotic areas, and many multinucleated tumor giant cells. AB-PAS staining revealed the presence of myxoid or mucinous areas in (8/14) tumors while trichrome staining demonstrated a variable amount of collagenous stroma in 12/14 tumors. Vimentin immunoreactivity was observed in all the tumors while smooth muscle actin and muscle actin staining was noticed in four and two cases, respectively. PDGFA and PDGFR-α immunoexpression was observed in all 14 cases while integrin alpha v in 13/14 cases. The results of the current study indicate that fibrosarcoma is the major morphologic phenotype of FISS. The PDGFA, its receptor, and integrin alpha v immunoexpression are increased in these tumors in cats which elucidates their role in the pathogenesis of FISS.
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Ahmed I, Sozmen M. Expression of PDGF-A, PDGFRA, integrin subunit alpha V and selectin E is increased in canine cutaneous fibrosarcomas. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:546-554. [PMID: 33034211 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1832256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the expression of platelet derived growth factor alpha (PDGFA); its receptor, PDGFRA; integrin subunit alpha V; and selectin E in cutaneous fibrosarcomas in dogs. Ten cases of canine fibrosarcomas were obtained from the archive of the Department of Pathology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun. Tissue sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff, Masson's trichrome, and also immunostained. Eight tumors classified as spontaneous fibrosarcomas exhibited interwoven bundles of spindle shaped cells with oval to plump nuclei and scant cytoplasm, while two tumors exhibited features of injection site fibrosarcoma with peripheral infiltration of mononuclear cells and intratumor necrosis. We found that neoplastic cells from all cases exhibited cytoplasmic expression of PDGFA, and cytoplasmic and nuclear staining for PDGFRA. Integrin subunit alpha V immunostaining was observed in all cases, while selectin E expression was observed in vascular endothelial cells and neoplastic cells. A significant positive correlation was found between the expression of PDGFA and integrin subunit alpha V. Our findings indicate that PDGFA, PDGFRA, integrin subunit alpha V and selectin E are expressed strongly in canine cutaneous fibrosarcomas and may contribute to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahmut Sozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University , Samsun, Turkey
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8
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Atherton MJ, Lenz JA, Mason NJ. Sarcomas-A barren immunological wasteland or field of opportunity for immunotherapy? Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:447-470. [PMID: 32246517 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Key advances in our understanding of immunobiology and the immunosuppressive mechanisms of the tumour microenvironment have led to significant breakthroughs in manipulating the immune system to successfully treat cancer. Remarkable therapeutic responses have occurred with tumours that carry a high mutational burden. In these cases, pre-existing tumour-specific T cells can be rejuvenated via checkpoint inhibition to eliminate tumours. Furthermore, durable remissions have been achieved in haematological malignancies following adoptive transfer of T cells that specifically target cell surface proteins where expression is restricted to the malignancy's cell of origin. Soft tissue sarcomas and bone sarcomas have a paucity of non-synonymous somatic mutations and do not commonly express known, targetable, tumour-specific antigens. Historically, soft tissue sarcomas have been considered immunologically 'cold' and as such, unlikely candidates for immune therapy. Here, we review the immune landscape of canine and feline sarcomas and the immunotherapeutic strategies that have been employed in veterinary clinical trials to improve patient outcome. We also provide insight into immunotherapeutic approaches being used to treat human sarcomas. Together, current data indicates that, rather than a barren immunological wasteland, sarcomas represent a field of opportunities for immunotherapies. Furthermore, we and others would suggest that strategic combinations of immunotherapeutic approaches may hold promise for more effective treatments for high grade soft tissue sarcomas and bone sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Atherton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer A Lenz
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicola J Mason
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Kabak YB, Sozmen M, Devrim AK, Sudagidan M, Yildirim F, Guvenc T, Yarim M, Gulbahar YM, Ahmed I, Karaca E, Inal S. Expression levels of angiogenic growth factors in feline squamous cell carcinoma. Acta Vet Hung 2020; 68:37-48. [PMID: 32384073 DOI: 10.1556/004.2020.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the skin in cats. Tumour angiogenesis is the pivotal event for tumour progression and metastasis. We assessed protein and gene expression of angiogenic growth factors including bFGF, VEGF-C, TGF-β, PDGF-A, PDGF-C and PDGFR-α that possibly contribute to the angiogenic phenotype of feline SCC (FSCC) and could, therefore, be a good target in the treatment of SCC. In the present study, a total of 27 FSCC cases were investigated. Tumour cases were histopathologically classified as well differentiated (10/27), moderately differentiated (5/27), and poorly differentiated (12/27). The expression levels of the growth factors were detected using immunohistochemistry and assessed semi-quantitatively. Growth factor expression levels were evaluated at different locations: in the oral region, in areas exposed to solar UV radiation including the ears, eyelids and nasal planum, and other miscellaneous locations. Our findings have revealed that FSCC arising from different anatomical sites of the body and showing differences in aggressiveness, metastasis, and prognosis may be angiogenesis dependent, and angiogenic key regulators could play a role in the development of FSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonca B. Kabak
- 1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Sozmen
- 1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Alparslan K. Devrim
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Mert Sudagidan
- 3Konya Food and Agriculture University, Kit-Argem, Konya, Turkey
| | - Funda Yildirim
- 4Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tolga Guvenc
- 1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Murat Yarim
- 1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Yavuz M. Gulbahar
- 1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmed
- 5Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Efe Karaca
- 1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sinem Inal
- 1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
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Bing Y, Wund Z, Abratte T, Borlle L, Kang S, Southard T, Hume KR. Biological indicators of chemoresistance: an ex vivo analysis of γH2AX and p53 expression in feline injection-site sarcomas. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:192. [PMID: 30498397 PMCID: PMC6251226 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The response of soft tissue sarcomas to cytotoxic chemotherapy is inconsistent. Biomarkers of chemoresistance or chemosensitivity are needed in order to identify appropriate patients for treatment. Given that many chemotherapeutics kill cells through direct DNA interactions, we hypothesized that upregulation of DNA damage response mechanisms would confer resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy in sarcomas. To study this, we used spontaneously-occurring feline injection-site sarcomas (FISS). Methods γH2AX and p53 expression were determined in biopsy samples of FISS. γH2AX expression was determined via immunohistochemistry whereas p53 expression was determined via qRT-PCR. Cell lines derived from these sarcoma biopsies were then treated with carboplatin (N = 11) or doxorubicin (N = 5) and allowed to grow as colonies. Colony forming-ability of cells exposed to chemotherapy was compared to matched, untreated cells and expressed as percent survival relative to controls. ImageJ was used for quantification. A mixed model analysis was performed to determine if an association existed between relative survival of the treated cells and γH2AX or p53 expression in the original tumors. Cell lines were validated via vimentin expression or growth as subcutaneous sarcomas in nude mice. Results An association was detected between γH2AX expression and relative survival in cells exposed to carboplatin (P = 0.0250). In the 11 FISS tumors evaluated, γH2AX expression ranged from 2.2 to 18.8% (mean, 13.3%). Cells from tumors with γH2AX expression higher than the sample population mean had fourfold greater relative survival after carboplatin exposure than cells from tumors with γH2AX expression less than the mean. There was no association between relative survival after carboplatin exposure and p53 expression (P = 0.1608), and there was no association between relative survival after doxorubicin exposure and either γH2AX (P = 0.6124) or p53 (P = 0.8645) expression. Four cell lines were validated via growth as sarcomas in nude mice. Vimentin expression was confirmed in the other 7 cell lines. Conclusions γH2AX expression, but not wild type p53, may potentially serve as a biomarker of resistance to platinum therapeutics in soft tissue sarcomas. To further investigate this finding, prospective, in vivo studies are indicated in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Bing
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Zacharie Wund
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Tina Abratte
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Lucia Borlle
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Susie Kang
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Teresa Southard
- 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Kelly R Hume
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
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Zabielska-Koczywąs K, Wojtkowska A, Dolka I, Małek A, Walewska M, Wojtalewicz A, Żbikowski A, Lechowski R. 3D chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model as an in vivo model to study morphological and histopathological features of feline fibrosarcomas. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:201. [PMID: 28651614 PMCID: PMC5485740 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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12
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Avallone G, Pellegrino V, Roccabianca P, Lepri E, Crippa L, Beha G, De Tolla L, Sarli G. Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Expression in Canine Liposarcoma. Vet Pathol 2016; 54:212-217. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985816671379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The expression of tyrosine kinase receptors is attracting major interest in human and veterinary oncological pathology because of their role as targets for adjuvant therapies. Little is known about tyrosine kinase receptor (TKR) expression in canine liposarcoma (LP), a soft tissue sarcoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of the TKRs fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor–β (PDGFRβ); their ligands, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB); and c-kit in canine LP. Immunohistochemical labeling was categorized as high or low expression and compared with the mitotic count and MIB-1–based proliferation index. Fifty canine LPs were examined, classified, and graded. Fourteen cases were classified as well differentiated, 7 as myxoid, 25 as pleomorphic, and 4 as dedifferentiated. Seventeen cases were grade 1, 26 were grade 2, and 7 were grade 3. A high expression of FGF2, FGFR1, PDGFB, and PDGFRβ was identified in 62% (31/50), 68% (34/50), 81.6% (40/49), and 70.8% (34/48) of the cases, respectively. c-kit was expressed in 12.5% (6/48) of the cases. Mitotic count negatively correlated with FGF2 ( R = –0.41; P < .01), being lower in cases with high FGF2 expression, and positively correlated with PDGFRβ ( R = 0.33; P < .01), being higher in cases with high PDGFRβ expression. No other statistically significant correlations were identified. These results suggest that the PDGFRβ-mediated pathway may have a role in the progression of canine LP and may thus represent a promising target for adjuvant cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University di Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - V. Pellegrino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University di Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - P. Roccabianca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - E. Lepri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - G. Beha
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University di Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - L. De Tolla
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G. Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University di Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Even when diagnosed as a localized disease and resected with the intent to cure, recurrences frequently arise due to undetected or invisible micrometastases. Importantly, several proposed multimodal strategies to eliminate micrometastases have met some clinical success. However, while pivotal Phase III clinical trials comparing adjuvant therapies with surgery alone have confirmed the overall benefit of adjunctive treatments in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer, further improvement in postoperative outcomes is required, particularly in stage III disease. This review presents the current status of multimodal treatment strategies, with a particular focus on unresolved issues, based on updated literature searches and analysis of clinical trial databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Kanda
- a 1 Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- a 1 Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Junichi Sakamoto
- b 2 Tokai Central Hospital, 4-6-2 Sohara Higashijima-cho, Kakamigahara, Gifu 504-8601, Japan
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Milovancev M, Helfand SC, Marley K, Goodall CP, Löhr CV, Bracha S. Antiproliferative effects of masitinib and imatinib against canine oral fibrosarcoma in vitro. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:85. [PMID: 27259510 PMCID: PMC4893279 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0712-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine oral fibrosarcoma (COF) is one of the most common oral tumors in dogs and carries a guarded prognosis due to a lack of effective systemic therapeutic options. Mastinib and imatinib are two commonly used tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in veterinary oncology but their potential efficacy against COF is uncharacterized. To begin investigating the rationale for use of these TKIs against COF, the present study tested for the presence TKI targets PDGFR-α, PDGFR-β, Kit, and VEGFR-2 and examined the in vitro effects on cell viability after TKI treatment alone or with doxorubicin. Immunohistochemistry for PDGFR-α, PDGFR-β, Kit, and VEGFR-2 was performed in 6 COF tumor biopsies. Presence of these same receptors within 2 COF cell lines was probed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and, for those with mRNA detected, confirmed via western blot. Effects on cell viability were assessed using an MTS assay after masitinib or imatinib treatment alone (0-100 μM), or in combination with doxorubicin (0-3000 nM doxorubicin). Anti-PDGFRB siRNA knockdown was performed and the effect on cell viability quantified. Results Expression of the TKI targets evaluated was similar between the 2 COF cell lines and the 6 COF tumor biopsies: PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β were detected in neoplastic cells from most COF tumor biopsies (5/6 and 6/6, respectively) and were present in both COF cell lines; KIT and KDR were not detected in any sample. Masitinib and imatinib IC50 values ranged from 7.9–33.4 μM, depending on the specific TKI and cell line tested. The addition of doxorubicin resulted in synergistic cytotoxicity with both TKIs. Anti-PDGFRB siRNA transfection reduced PDGFR-β protein expression by 77 % and 67 % and reduced cell viability by 24 % (p < 0.0001) and 28 % (0 = 0.0003) in the two cell lines, respectively. Conclusions These results provide rationale for further investigation into the use of TKIs, possibly in combination with doxorubicin, as treatment options for COF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Milovancev
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Stuart C Helfand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Kevin Marley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Cheri P Goodall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Christiane V Löhr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Shay Bracha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Gramer I, Kessler M, Geyer J. Detection of novel polymorphisms in the ckit gene of canine patients with lymphoma, melanoma, haemangiosarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Vet Res Commun 2016; 40:89-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-016-9653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Holtermann N, Kiupel M, Hirschberger J. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor toceranib in feline injection site sarcoma: efficacy and side effects. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:632-640. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Holtermann
- Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine; Veterinaerstraße 13, Ludwig Maximilian University; 80539 Munich Germany
| | - M. Kiupel
- Institute of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation; Michigan State University; Lansing MI USA
| | - J. Hirschberger
- Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine; Veterinaerstraße 13, Ludwig Maximilian University; 80539 Munich Germany
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17
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Hydroxyurea with or without imatinib in the treatment of recurrent or progressive meningiomas: a randomized phase II trial by Gruppo Italiano Cooperativo di Neuro-Oncologia (GICNO). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 77:115-20. [PMID: 26659583 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hydroxyurea (HU) is among the most widely used salvage therapies in progressive meningiomas. Platelet-derived growth factor receptors are expressed in virtually all meningiomas. Imatinib sensitizes transformed cells to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents that interfere with DNA metabolism. The combination of HU with imatinib yielded intriguing results in recurrent malignant glioma. The current trial addressed the activity of this association against meningioma. METHODS Patients with recurrent or progressive WHO grade I-III meningioma, without therapeutic indication for surgery, radiotherapy, or stereotactic radiosurgery, aged 18-75 years, ECOG performance status 0-2, and not on enzyme-inducing anti-epileptic drugs were randomized to receive HU 500 mg BID ± imatinib 400 mg QD until progression, unacceptable toxicity, or patient's refusal. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival rate at 9 months (PFS-9). RESULTS Between September 2009 and February 2012, 15 patients were randomized to receive HU + imatinib (N = 7; Arm A) or HU alone (N = 8; Arm B). Afterward the trial was prematurely closed due to slow enrollment rate. PFS-9 (A/B) was 0/75%, and median PFS was 4/19.5 months. Median and 2-year overall survival (A/B) rates were: 6/27.5 months; 28.5/75%, respectively. Main G3-4 toxicities were: G3 neutropenia in 1/0, G4 headache in 1/1, and G3 vomiting in 1/0. CONCLUSION The conduction of a study in recurrent or progressive meningioma remains a challenge. Given the limited number of patients enrolled, no firm conclusions can be drawn about the combination of imatinib and HU. The optimal systemic therapy for meningioma failing surgery and radiation has yet to be identified.
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18
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Thompson JJ, Morrison JA, Pearl DL, Boston SE, Wood GA, Foster RA, Coomber BL. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Expression Profiles in Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors. Vet Pathol 2015; 53:545-58. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985815610388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) KIT is a major focus of current research into canine mast cell tumors (MCTs). Little is known about the role of other RTKs, such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs). These RTKs are dysregulated in many human and animal cancers and are key regulators of tumor angiogenesis. The aims of this study were to assess the expression and activation (phosphorylation) status of KIT, VEGFR2, and PDGFR (α and β) in canine MCTs and to examine associations with various clinical outcomes. c- KIT mutational status and KIT cellular localization pattern were also evaluated for these tumors. Twenty-seven MCTs, consisting of 5 subcutaneous and 22 cutaneous tumors, from 25 dogs were evaluated. MCT biopsies, cultured mast cells, and skin from the surgical margin were analyzed through Western blotting. MCT biopsies were also used for KIT immunohistochemical labeling and polymerase chain reaction for c- KIT mutational analysis. MCT had heterogeneous expression profiles for all 3 RTKs, which varied in intensity and activation status. Statistical analyses showed phosphorylated KIT, VEGFR2, and KIT cellular localization to be predictive of decreased survival time, disease-free interval, and increased metastatic rate. Expression of VEGFR2 and KIT diffuse cytoplasmic labeling were also significantly associated with increased rate of local recurrence. The results of the study show that phosphorylated KIT, KIT, VEGFR2, and PDGFRβ, in addition to KIT localization, may be valuable prognostic determinants in MCTs and should be further studied to improve diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Thompson
- University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Canada
| | - J. A. Morrison
- University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Canada
| | - D. L. Pearl
- University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Canada
| | - S. E. Boston
- University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Canada
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - G. A. Wood
- University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Canada
| | - R. A. Foster
- University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Canada
| | - B. L. Coomber
- University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Canada
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19
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Bonkobara M. Dysregulation of tyrosine kinases and use of imatinib in small animal practice. Vet J 2015; 205:180-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Cannon CM. Cats, Cancer and Comparative Oncology. Vet Sci 2015; 2:111-126. [PMID: 29061935 PMCID: PMC5644631 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci2030111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring tumors in dogs are well-established models for several human cancers. Domestic cats share many of the benefits of dogs as a model (spontaneous cancers developing in an immunocompetent animal sharing the same environment as humans, shorter lifespan allowing more rapid trial completion and data collection, lack of standard of care for many cancers allowing evaluation of therapies in treatment-naïve populations), but have not been utilized to the same degree in the One Medicine approach to cancer. There are both challenges and opportunities in feline compared to canine models. This review will discuss three specific tumor types where cats may offer insights into human cancers. Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma is common, shares both clinical and molecular features with human head and neck cancer and is an attractive model for evaluating new therapies. Feline mammary tumors are usually malignant and aggressive, with the ‘triple-negative’ phenotype being more common than in humans, offering an enriched population in which to examine potential targets and treatments. Finally, although there is not an exact corollary in humans, feline injection site sarcoma may be a model for inflammation-driven tumorigenesis, offering opportunities for studying variations in individual susceptibility as well as preventative and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Cannon
- University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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21
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Avallone G, Stefanello D, Boracchi P, Ferrari R, Gelain ME, Turin L, Tresoldi E, Roccabianca P. Growth Factors and COX2 Expression in Canine Perivascular Wall Tumors. Vet Pathol 2015; 52:1034-40. [PMID: 25795373 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815575050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Canine perivascular wall tumors (PWTs) are a group of subcutaneous soft tissue sarcomas developing from vascular mural cells. Mural cells are involved in angiogenesis through a complex crosstalk with endothelial cells mediated by several growth factors and their receptors. The evaluation of their expression may have relevance since they may represent a therapeutic target in the control of canine PWTs. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and receptors VEGFR-I/II, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and receptor Flg, platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB) and receptor PDGFRβ, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and receptors TGFβR-I/II, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) was evaluated on frozen sections of 40 PWTs by immunohistochemistry and semiquantitatively scored to identify their potential role in PWT development. Statistical analysis was performed to analyze possible correlations between Ki67 labeling index and the expression of each molecule. Proteins of the VEGF-, PDGFB-, and bFGF-mediated pathways were highly expressed in 27 (67.5%), 30 (75%), and 19 (47.5%) of 40 PWTs, respectively. Proteins of the TGFβ1- and COX2-mediated pathways were highly expressed in 4 (10%) and 14 (35%) of 40 cases. Statistical analysis identified an association between VEGF and VEGFR-I/II (P = .015 and .003, respectively), bFGF and Flg (P = .038), bFGF and PDGFRβ (P = .003), and between TGFβ1 and COX2 (P = .006). These findings were consistent with the mechanisms that have been reported to play a role in angiogenesis and in tumor development. No association with Ki67 labeling index was found. VEGF-, PDGFB-, and bFGF-mediated pathways seem to have a key role in PWT development and growth. Blockade of tyrosine kinase receptors after surgery could represent a promising therapy with the aim to reduce the PWT relapse rate and prolong the time to relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Milano, Italy
| | - D Stefanello
- Dipartimento di scienze veterinarie e sanità pubblica (DIVET), Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - P Boracchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Laboratory of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology GA Maccacaro, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - R Ferrari
- Dipartimento di scienze veterinarie e sanità pubblica (DIVET), Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - M E Gelain
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Agripolis-Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - L Turin
- Dipartimento di scienze veterinarie e sanità pubblica (DIVET), Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - E Tresoldi
- Dipartimento di scienze veterinarie e sanità pubblica (DIVET), Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - P Roccabianca
- Dipartimento di scienze veterinarie e sanità pubblica (DIVET), Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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23
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Hill J, Lawrence J, Saba C, Turek M, Feldhaeusser B, Coutermarsh-Ott S, Barber J, Smith J, Gogal R. In vitro efficacy of doxorubicin and etoposide against a feline injection site sarcoma cell line. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:348-56. [PMID: 25085537 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Feline injection site sarcoma (ISS) is a locally invasive tumor, in which surgical treatment is frequently combined with radiation or chemotherapy to improve tumor control. The focus of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin or etoposide on a feline injection site sarcoma cell line (JB) and to assess the impact of combining these drugs on cell death and cell cycle. Both single agent and combination drug administration increased cell death and significantly reduced the number of viable cells. Cells in G0/G1 were significantly reduced while the G2/M fraction was significantly increased following treatment. Collectively, combining doxorubicin and etoposide at the lower EC yielded comparable results to the EC50 of either drug alone in degree of cytotoxicity, level of apoptosis, and % of cells in G2/M. The results of this study indicate that doxorubicin and etoposide alone and in combination differentially alter ISS cell viability and cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Hill
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica Lawrence
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA; Veterinary Cancer Centre, The Royal School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Corey Saba
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA
| | - Michelle Turek
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA; Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA
| | - Brittany Feldhaeusser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA
| | - Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA
| | - Jamie Barber
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA
| | - Jo Smith
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert Gogal
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA; Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA.
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24
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Ledoux JM, Brun P, Chapuis T, Dumas P, Guillotin J. Medical approach to the treatment of feline injection site sarcoma with masitinib: a case report. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2014; 5:109-113. [PMID: 32670851 PMCID: PMC7337170 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s67118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Feline injection site sarcoma is a common tumor among cats, for which existing medical treatments do not prove to be entirely satisfactory. In this tumor, the platelet-derived growth factor receptor, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is frequently hyperactivated. In the past, clinical case reports with imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), have demonstrated tumoral stabilization. Here we describe the use of another TKI, masitinib, which specifically inhibits c-Kit, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and Lyn, and is currently licensed for veterinary use in canine mast cell tumors. The therapeutic results were initially satisfactory, with regression of the tumor followed by tumoral recurrence which was stabilized and moderately reduced. Further studies are suggested, in order to evaluate the relevance of TKIs in the treatment and prevention of recurrences of feline injection site sarcoma. Tumoral stabilization by means of an inexpensive and reasonably well tolerated treatment would prove to be of true therapeutic relevance, in particular for inoperable feline injection site sarcomas. Another indication for such TKIs could be in preoperative treatment as a means of facilitating surgical excision by reduction of adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul Dumas
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Vétérinaire du Nord, Annœullin
| | - Jean Guillotin
- Laboratoire Départemental Public, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Turek M, Gogal R, Saba C, Vandenplas M, Hill J, Feldhausser B, Lawrence J. Masitinib mesylate does not enhance sensitivity to radiation in three feline injection-site sarcoma cell lines under normal growth conditions. Res Vet Sci 2014; 96:304-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Analysis of activated platelet-derived growth factor β receptor and Ras-MAP kinase pathway in equine sarcoid fibroblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:283985. [PMID: 23936786 PMCID: PMC3726019 DOI: 10.1155/2013/283985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Equine sarcoids are skin tumours of fibroblastic origin affecting equids worldwide. Bovine papillomavirus type-1 (BPV-1) and, less commonly, type-2 are recognized as etiological factors of sarcoids. The transforming activity of BPV is related to the functions of its major oncoprotein E5 which binds to the platelet-derived growth factor β receptor (PDGFβR) causing its phosphorylation and activation. In this study, we demonstrate, by coimmunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, that in equine sarcoid derived cell lines PDGFβR is phosphorylated and binds downstream molecules related to Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase-ERK pathway thus resulting in Ras activation. Imatinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase receptors inhibitor which selectively inhibits the activation of PDGFβR in the treatment of several human and animal cancers. Here we show that imatinib inhibits receptor phosphorylation, and cell viability assays demonstrate that this drug decreases sarcoid fibroblasts viability in a dose-dependent manner. This study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathology of sarcoids and paves the way to a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of this common equine skin neoplasm.
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Feldhaeusser BR, Turek M, Lawrence J, Cornell K, Gogal RM. INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT CELL STORAGE/CULTURE CONDITIONS ON SPONTANEOUS PROLIFERATION AND LEVEL OF TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR INHIBITION IN TWO FELINE INJECTION-SITE SARCOMA CELL LINES. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2013; 34:266-82. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2012.722577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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28
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Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in human and pet tumours with special reference to breast cancer: a comparative review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 88:293-308. [PMID: 23768779 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs) play a key role in tumour cell proliferation and survival since they are involved in endothelial cell activation leading to tumour neoangiogenesis. In particular, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), stem cell factor receptor (c-KitR), and colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) are overexpressed or constitutively activated in human and pet malignancies. A variety of small molecule inhibitors targeting specific tyrosine kinases (known as tyrosine kinase inhibitors or TKIs) have recently been approved, or are under investigation, for the treatment of human cancer. TKI application in animal cancer is however relatively recent. This review aims to illustrate the major aspects of tyrosine kinase dysfunctions, with special regard to human and animal cancer of the mammary gland, providing an update on the background of the anti-angiogenic and anti-neoplastic properties of TKIs in human and veterinary cancer.
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Ladlow J. Injection site-associated sarcoma in the cat: treatment recommendations and results to date. J Feline Med Surg 2013; 15:409-18. [PMID: 23603504 PMCID: PMC10816591 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x13483239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Feline injection site-associated sarcomas (FISSs) have been the cause of much controversy and concern since they were first reported in the early 1990s. While not solely associated with vaccination, there are implications for vaccination sites and schedules and, while guidance has been published, this appears to be permeating only slowly through to general practice. CLINICAL CHALLENGES Up to one-quarter of cats with this difficult condition have metastatic lung involvement. The mainstay of treatment is aggressive surgery, but even in cases where full excision with clean margins is achieved, tumour recurrence is anticipated in about one-third of cases. The role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy as adjuvant treatments has yet to be clearly defined. PATIENT GROUP FISSs are often seen in younger cats, with a peak presentation at 6-7 years and a second peak at 10-11 years. EVIDENCE BASE This review summarises the diagnosis and management of FISS with reference to the latest published treatment results. It focuses on surgical excision but also covers adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and gives median survival times for the different treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Ladlow
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, UK.
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Changes in γ-H2AX expression in irradiated feline sarcoma cells: an indicator of double strand DNA breaks. Res Vet Sci 2013; 94:545-8. [PMID: 23375429 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Feline injection site sarcoma (ISS) is a highly invasive soft tissue tumor that is commonly treated with radiation. Cellular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the principal target for the biologic effects of radiation with cell killing correlating to the number of double stranded DNA breaks (DSBs). The objective of this study was to determine if radiation-induced damage to feline ISS cells could be detected using a commercially available DNA DSB detection kit. Feline ISS cells were irradiated and evaluated for extent of DSB induction with a γ-H2AX chemiluminescent kit; results were validated by Western Blot analysis. Irradiated cells showed a significant increase in double strand break induction compared to control cells, which was supported by Western Blot. DNA damage in feline sarcoma cells following single exposure of radiation can be indirectly detected using a commercially available mouse anti-human monoclonal antibody for γ-H2AX.
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E. Balkman C, L. Gieger T, M. Zgola M, D. Lewis L, C. McEntee M. <i>In Vitro</i> Characterization of Docetaxel as a Radiosensitizer in Canine and Feline Cancer Cell Lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ojvm.2012.24045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Helm J, Morris J. Musculoskeletal neoplasia: an important differential for lumps or lameness in the cat. J Feline Med Surg 2012; 14:43-54. [PMID: 22247324 PMCID: PMC11148916 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x11432826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Musculoskeletal neoplasia is an uncommon but Important differential diagnosis for cats presenting with lameness, pain or swellings associated with bones and/or soft tissues. The most common tumours of soft tissue origin are the sarcomas (in particular feline injection site sarcomas [FISSs]); the most common bone tumour of the cat is osteosarcoma (OSA). CLINICAL CHALLENGES FISSs present a clinical challenge in terms of their local invasiveness, difficulty in obtaining complete surgical excision and high risk of local recurrence. Axial and extraskeletal OSAs pose similar challenges, whereas appendicular OSA is usually easy to remove via limb amputation and can, therefore, carry a good prognosis in many cases. PATIENT GROUP Cats of any age, gender or breed may be affected, although bone tumours predominantly affect middle- to old-aged cats. GLOBAL IMPORTANCE Vaccination of cats is of global importance in preventing feline diseases; hence, any possible significant consequences of vaccination such as neoplasia, even of a low incidence, are of huge concern to cat owners and veterinarians alike. EVIDENCE BASE This review is based on current literature relating to pathogenesis, pathology, presentation, diagnosis, staging, treatment and prognosis. It aims to summarise feline musculoskeletal neoplasia for clinicians in general practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Helm
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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Lawrence J, Saba C, Gogal R, Lamberth O, Vandenplas ML, Hurley DJ, Dubreuil P, Hermine O, Dobbin K, Turek M. Masitinib demonstrates anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity in primary and metastatic feline injection-site sarcoma cells*. Vet Comp Oncol 2011; 10:143-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Brown RJ, Newman SJ, Durtschi DC, LeBlanc AK. Expression of PDGFR-β and Kit in canine anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinoma using tissue immunohistochemistry. Vet Comp Oncol 2011; 10:74-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00286.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Martano M, Morello E, Buracco P. Feline injection-site sarcoma: Past, present and future perspectives. Vet J 2011; 188:136-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Woodward KN. Origins of injection-site sarcomas in cats: the possible role of chronic inflammation-a review. ISRN VETERINARY SCIENCE 2011; 2011:210982. [PMID: 23738095 PMCID: PMC3658838 DOI: 10.5402/2011/210982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of feline injection-site sarcomas remains obscure. Sarcomas and other tumors are known to be associated with viral infections in humans and other animals, including cats. However, the available evidence suggests that this is not the case with feline injection-site sarcomas. These tumors have more in common with sarcomas noted in experimental studies with laboratory animals where foreign materials such as glass, plastics, and metal are the causal agent. Tumors arising with these agents are associated with chronic inflammation at the injection or implantation sites. Similar tumors have been observed, albeit infrequently, at microchip implantation sites, and these also are associated with chronic inflammation. It is suggested that injection-site sarcomas in cats may arise at the administration site as a result of chronic inflammation, possibly provoked by adjuvant materials, with subsequent DNA damage, cellular transformation, and clonal expansion. However, more fundamental research is required to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin N. Woodward
- Technology Sciences (Europe) Limited, Concordia House, St James Business Park, Grimbald Crag Court, Knaresborough, North Yorkshire, HG5 8QB, UK
- Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health, Breakspear Road South, Harefield, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB9 6LS, UK
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Abstract
A 6-year-old domestic shorthair male castrated cat was evaluated for sudden onset of vomiting and anorexia. A diagnosis of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) was made, and the cat was treated with imatinib mesylate. The cat had an initial clinical improvement with the normalization of the peripheral eosinophil count. After approximately 8 weeks of treatment, lethargy and anorexia recurred despite the normal eosinophil count and a significant proteinuric nephropathy was identified. Treatment with imatinib was discontinued. Ultrasound guided renal biopsies exhibited histologic, ultrastructural, and immunostaining changes indicative of a minimal change glomerulopathy (MCG) which has not previously been reported in the literature in a cat. The proteinuria and HES initially improved while the cat was treated with more traditional medications; however, both the problems persisted for 30 months that the cat was followed subsequently. Previous studies demonstrating the safety and efficacy of imatinib in cats do not report any glomerular injury or significant adverse drug reactions, and the exact cause of this cat's proteinuric nephropathy is uncertain. Nonetheless, the possibility of an adverse drug reaction causing proteinuria should be considered when initiating treatment with imatinib in a cat.
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Daly M, Sheppard S, Cohen N, Nabity M, Moussy A, Hermine O, Wilson H. Safety of Masitinib Mesylate in Healthy Cats. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25:297-302. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Dvir E, Clift SJ. Evaluation of selected growth factor expression in canine spirocercosis (Spirocerca lupi)-associated non-neoplastic nodules and sarcomas. Vet Parasitol 2010; 174:257-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kennedy KC, Qurollo BA, Rose BJ, Thamm DH. Epidermal growth factor enhances the malignant phenotype in canine mammary carcinoma cell lines. Vet Comp Oncol 2010; 9:196-206. [PMID: 21848622 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2010.00248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Canine mammary gland tumours (CMTs) are the most common malignancies in female dogs. The receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR (erbb1), a receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and related factors, mediates multiple oncogenic functions in human epithelial neoplasms. While previous studies have demonstrated EGFR expression in canine tumours, its function has not been studied in canine cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro effects of EGF and vandetanib (ZD6474), a small molecule inhibitor of VEGFR-2, EGFR and RET tyrosine kinases, on proliferation, invasion, survival and chemosensitivity in CMT cells. In low serum, EGF enhanced proliferation and chemotaxis, attenuated apoptosis, and stimulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production. Vandetanib dose-dependently inhibited EGFR phosphorylation as well as PI3K/Akt activation, and inhibited all EGF-induced phenotypic effects. In conclusion, EGF stimulates multiple features promoting the malignant phenotype in CMT. Thus, CMT may be an important translational model for the investigation of novel EGFR-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Kennedy
- The Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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41
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Weigel MT, Dahmke L, Schem C, Bauerschlag DO, Weber K, Niehoff P, Bauer M, Strauss A, Jonat W, Maass N, Mundhenke C. In vitro effects of imatinib mesylate on radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:412. [PMID: 20691121 PMCID: PMC2925350 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer treatment is based on a combination of adjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy effecting intracellular signal transduction. With the tyrosine kinase inhibitors new targeted drugs are available. Imatinib mesylate is a selective inhibitor of bcr-abl, PRGFR alpha, beta and c-kit. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Imatinib has an influence on the effectiveness of radiotherapy in breast cancer cell lines and if a combination of imatinib with standard chemotherapy could lead to increased cytoreduction. Methods Colony-forming tests of MCF 7 and MDA MB 231 were used to study differences in cell proliferation under incubation with imatinib and radiation. Changes in expression and phosphorylation of target receptors were detected using western blot. Cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis assays were performed combining imatinib with doxorubicin. Results The combination of imatinib and radiotherapy showed a significantly stronger inhibition of cell proliferation compared to single radiotherapy. Differences in PDGFR expression could not be detected, but receptor phosphorylation was significantly inhibited when treated with imatinib. Combination of imatinib with standard chemotherapy lead to an additive effect on cell growth inhibition compared to single treatment. Conclusions Imatinib treatment combined with radiotherapy leads in breast cancer cell lines to a significant benefit which might be influenced through inhibition of PDGFR phosphorylation. Combining imatinib with chemotherapy enhances cytoreductive effects. Further in vivo studies are needed to evaluate the benefit of Imatinib in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy on the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion T Weigel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Center, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller Strasse 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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42
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RT-PCR-based tyrosine kinase display profiling of canine melanoma: IGF-1 receptor as a potential therapeutic target. Melanoma Res 2010; 20:35-42. [PMID: 19949352 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0b013e328331ca86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Canine malignant melanoma (CMM) resembles human malignant melanoma in terms of metastatic behavior, refractoriness to standard therapy, and tumor antigen expression but it is largely unknown how CMM resembles human melanoma with regard to molecular pathogenesis and cellular signaling. No attempt has been made to systematically define the repertoire of tyrosine kinases (TKs) expressed in CMM. This study used a reverse transcription-PCR display technique to evaluate the expression of multiple TKs in the 17CM98 CMM cell line. RT-PCR was performed using degenerate primers coding for highly conserved regions flanking the kinase domains of many TKs and the repertoire of TKs expressed was determined using standard molecular cloning techniques. Sequencing 46 clones yielded canine homologs of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) (50%), JAK1 (17%), PDGFR-a (11%), FGFR1 (9%), Axl (7%), Abl (4%), and PTK2 (2%). Interestingly, IGF-1R, JAK1, and Axl were detected in human melanoma using similar techniques, supporting the cross-species validity of this assay. Given the abundance of IGF-1R clones, we determined the biological effect of rhIGF-1 in 17CM98 cells. IGF-1 stimulated cell proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor production in 17CM98, and addition of the IGF-1R inhibitor ADW742 abrogated IGF-1-induced phenotypic changes. Expression of IGF-1R mRNA was detected in five of five additional CMM cell cultures, and IGF-1R protein was detected in five of six primary tumors evaluated, suggesting that IGF-1R expression may be common in CMM and may provide a novel target for future therapy. In conclusion, this study suggests that similar TKs are expressed in human and canine melanoma, and shows potential antitumor effects of IGF-1R inhibition in CMM.
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Abstract
Growth factors are low molecular peptides active in the stimulation of cell proliferation and in the regulation of embryonic development and cellular differentiation. Significant progress has been made in developing effective strategies to treat human malignancies with new chemical compounds based on a rationale directed against various components of signaling pathways. Many of these drugs target a growth factor receptor--for instance, in the form of monoclonal antibodies or inhibitors of tyrosine kinases, such as monoclonal antibodies against epidermal growth factor receptors used in treating certain types of breast cancer. Imatinib mesylate [Gleevec]) is an excellent example of mediators of signal transduction, such as tyrosine kinases. Growth factors proper are used to ameliorate various and sometimes fatal side effects of cytotoxic and/or myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Basic characteristics of several growth families are discussed with therapeutic modalities based on growth factor activity or, more often, inhibition of such activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Halper
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7388, USA.
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44
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London CA. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in veterinary medicine. Top Companion Anim Med 2009; 24:106-12. [PMID: 19732728 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2009.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Substantial progress in the field of molecular biology has permitted the identification of key abnormalities in cancer cells involving cell proteins that regulate signal transduction, cell survival, and cell proliferation. Such abnormalities often involve a class of proteins called tyrosine kinases that act to phosphorylate other proteins in the cell, tightly regulating a variety of cellular processes. A variety of small molecule inhibitors that target specific tyrosine kinases (known as tyrosine kinase inhibitors [TKIs]) have now been approved for the treatment of human cancer, and it is likely many more will become available in the near future. In some instances these inhibitors have exhibited significant clinical efficacy, and it is likely their biologic activity will be further enhanced as combination regimens with standard treatment modalities are explored. Although TKIs have been used extensively in humans, their application to cancers in dogs and cats is relatively recent. The TKIs Palladia (toceranib), Kinavet (masitinib), and Gleevec (imatinib) have been successfully used in dogs, and more recently Gleevec in cats. This article will review the biology of tyrosine kinase dysfunction in human and animal cancers, and the application of specific TKIs to veterinary cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A London
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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45
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MacLeod AG, Dickinson PJ, LeCouteur RA, Higgins RJ, Pollard RE. Quantitative assessment of blood volume and permeability in cerebral mass lesions using dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography in the dog. Acad Radiol 2009; 16:1187-95. [PMID: 19515585 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2009.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate cerebral blood volume (CBV) and permeability (PS) in spontaneously occurring cerebral neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in dogs using dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Dogs presenting with spontaneous intracranial lesions (n = 16) underwent DCE-CT at the level of the lesion followed by a histologically confirmed diagnosis from a CT-guided stereotactic biopsy. Data post-processing was performed with commercially available CT software (GEMS Advantage Workstation 4.2). Symmetric regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn within the lesion and unaffected areas on the contralateral side. Values were compared between lesion types and ratios of lesion-to-normal brain were calculated. RESULTS Dogs with extra-axial lesions (n = 3 meningiomas) had marked elevation of CBV and PS compared to normal brain. All Grade III gliomas (n = 5) had mildly elevated CBV and markedly elevated PS values. All lower Grade II gliomas (n = 2) had minimal elevation in CBV and PS. Dogs with non-neoplastic intra-axial lesions (one each necrotizing, fungal, and lymphoplasmacytic encephalitis) had elevation of PS with normal to mildly elevated CBV. Lesion-to-normal brain ratios for PS separated extra- and intra-axial neoplasms and intra-axial inflammatory/degenerative lesions from each other. CONCLUSIONS Low-grade gliomas do not consistently demonstrate elevated vascular parameters, whereas Grade III gliomas and non-neoplastic intra-axial lesions have elevated PS. Ratios between such lesions and normal brain may prove useful for differentiating types of lesions. These findings resemble those previously reported in similar lesions in people indicating that the dog may act as a good model for intracranial masses for the study of lesion angiogenesis and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G MacLeod
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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46
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Lau CK, Yang ZF, Ho DW, Ng MN, Yeoh GC, Poon RT, Fan ST. An Akt/Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α/Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB Autocrine Loop Mediates Hypoxia-Induced Chemoresistance in Liver Cancer Cells and Tumorigenic Hepatic Progenitor Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:3462-71. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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47
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Oba K. Efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy using tegafur-based regimen for curatively resected gastric cancer: update of a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Oncol 2009; 14:85-9. [PMID: 19390937 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-009-0877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A consensus regarding standard adjuvant chemotherapy for curatively resected gastric cancer has not been obtained between Japan and the Western world. In order to evaluate the effect of a tegafur-based regimen (the most frequently used regimen in Japan) compared with a surgery-alone control, a meta-analysis was performed, investigating four clinical trials. After meticulous examination of each trial, trials with improper noncentralized randomization were excluded from the analysis. A total of 1197 patients were enrolled in the four relevant trials determined to be eligible for the meta-analysis (Nakajima 1984; Japan Clinical Oncology Group [JCOG] 8801, JCOG 9206-2, and National Surgical Adjuvant Study of Gastric Cancer [NSASGC], in which a tegafur-based regimen was used for chemotherapy and central randomization was performed. The endpoint was overall survival, and a common hazard ratio was estimated. The 5-year overall survival rates differed among the trials because of differences in the background disease status. But there was no heterogeneity (P = 0.235) of treatment effect. The estimated common hazard ratio was 0.75, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.58-0.98. The treatment effect of the tegafur-based agent was shown to be statistically significant (P = 0.037) compared with surgery-alone therapy (n = 1179). From the results of the above meta-analysis, it is suggested that chemotherapy with a tegafur-based agent after surgery can improve the survival of patients with curatively resected gastric cancer. The Global Advanced/Adjuvant Stomach Tumor Research through International Collaboration (GASTRIC) group is conducting two individual patient data meta-analyses, testing post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy for resect-able gastric cancer and chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. It is expected to determine and quantify the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in detail from the GASTRIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Oba
- EBM Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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48
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Oba K, Morita S, Tsuburaya A, Kodera Y, Kobayashi M, Sakamoto J. Efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy using oral fluorinated pyrimidines for curatively resected gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of centrally randomized controlled clinical trials in Japan. J Chemother 2008; 18:311-7. [PMID: 17129844 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2006.18.3.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer has been extensively explored in Japan since the 1950s, and a combination of oral fluorinated pyrimidines (o-FP) and mitomycin C (MMC) has been mainly utilized for adjuvant chemotherapy. However, there is no sufficient evidence for the efficacy of adjuvant therapy. Therefore, we assessed the efficacy of o-FPs over surgery alone (control) by means of a meta-analysis of Japanese centrally randomized controlled clinical trials conducted between 1980 and 2005. For inclusion in this study, studies had to compare adjuvant chemotherapy for curatively resected gastric cancer with surgery alone, mainly targeting o-FP, and central randomization designed to comply with contemporary standards for clinical trials in Japan. For the 4 trials that met the eligibility criteria, the estimated hazard ratio was 0.73 (95%CI=0.60-0.89). Our findings show that in Japan adjuvant chemotherapy using o-FP for long-term maintenance therapy appears to be effective for gastric cancer patients after curative resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Oba
- Department of Epidemiological & Clinical Research Information Management, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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49
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London CA. The role of small molecule inhibitors for veterinary patients. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2007; 37:1121-36; vii. [PMID: 17950886 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Advances in molecular biology over the past several years have permitted a much more detailed understanding of cellular dysfunction at the biochemical level in cancer cells. This has resulted in the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention, including proteins that regulate signal transduction, gene expression, and protein turnover. In many instances, small molecules are used to disrupt the function of these targets, often through competitive inhibition of ATP binding or the prevention of necessary protein-protein interactions. Future challenges lie in identifying appropriate targets for intervention and combining small molecule inhibitors with standard treatment modalities, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A London
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 454 VMAB, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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50
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Fakhrejahani E, Miyamoto A, Tanigawa N. Correlation between thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase mRNA level and in vitro chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil, in relation to differentiation in gastric cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007; 60:437-46. [PMID: 17377791 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-007-0448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been suggested that the gene expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) help in the prediction of the response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vivo and in vitro in gastric cancers. METHODS In this study, intratumoral TS and DPD gene expressions were evaluated with real time reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction technique to determine the correlation between the expression of these two genes and in vitro sensitivity to 5-FU, assessed by the histoculture drug response assay on 87 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. RESULTS The sensitivity to 5-FU did not show any difference in clinicopathological groups. DPD gene level was higher in undifferentiated (n = 39) than differentiated (n = 48) tumors (P = 0.043). In differentiated tumors, TS gene expression levels were higher in the tumors with relative resistance to 5-FU, while in undifferentiated cases, DPD mRNA levels were higher in tumors that showed resistance to 5-FU in vitro (P = 0.043 and 0.007, respectively). DPD also had significant predictive value for 5-FU sensitivity in undifferentiated cases [R(S) = -0.401, P = 0.011]. TS and DPD gene expression levels were more highly correlated in undifferentiated compared to differentiated cases [R(S) = 0.515 and 0.359, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS Different gene expression might be responsible for 5-FU sensitivity in gastric cancers of different histologic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Fakhrejahani
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
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