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Awais M, Zubair HM, Nadeem H, Hill JW, Ali J, Saleem A, Asghar R, Khan S, Maqbool T, Akhtar MF, Naveed M, Asif M. Benzimidazole Derivative (N-{4-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1H-Benzimidazole-1-Sulfonyl] Phenyl} Acetamide) Ameliorates Methotrexate-Induced Intestinal Mucositis by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers in Mice. Inflammation 2024; 47:1185-1203. [PMID: 38289578 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-01969-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX)-induced intestinal mucositis (IM) is a common side effect in cancer treatment that impairs the immune system and gut microbes, resulting in loss of mucosal integrity and gut barrier dysfunction. The quality of life and outcomes of treatment are compromised by IM. The present study was designed to investigate the mucoprotective potential of the benzimidazole derivative N-{4-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole-1-sulfonyl] phenyl} acetamide (B8) on MTX-induced IM in mice. IM was induced by a single dose of MTX in mice and assessed by physical manifestations as well as biochemical, oxidative, histological, and inflammatory parameters. B8 (1, 3, 9 mg/kg) significantly reduced diarrhea score, mitigated weight loss, increased feed intake and, survival rate in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, B8 exhibited a mucoprotective effect evident through the mitigation of villus atrophy, crypt hypoplasia, diminished crypt mitotic figures, mucin depletion, and oxidative stress markers (GSH, SOD, MDA, and catalase concentration). Gene expression analysis revealed that B8 downregulated the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and concurrently upregulated IL-10 expression in contrast to the MTX group. Further, B8 significantly improved the luminal microflora profile by augmenting the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and reducing the number of pathogenic bacteria (E. coli). Additionally, the enzyme-linked immunoassay showed that B8 decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our findings suggest that B8 had mucoprotective effects against MTX-induced IM and could be used as an adjunct in chemotherapy to deter this side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Awais
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Zubair
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
- Post-Graduate Medical College, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jennifer W Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Jawad Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Asghar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Maqbool
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
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He Y, Li F, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Lin Z, Li L, Nawaz S, Kulyar MFEA, Iqbal M, Li J. Pediococcus pentosaceus PP34 Ameliorates 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Restoring the Gut Microbiota. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10324-1. [PMID: 39046671 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis based on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) slows down the progress of cancer treatment and causes significant suffering to patients. Pediococcus pentosaceus (P. pentosaceus), as a type of LAB, has a range of probiotic properties, including antioxidant, immune benefits, and cholesterol-lowering effects, which are attracting increasing attention. However, studies on the protective effect of P. pentosaceus against chemotherapeutic-induced intestinal mucositis caused by 5-FU remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential relieving effects of P. pentosaceus PP34 on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis and its mechanism. In the present study, a P. pentosaceus PP34 solution (2 × 109 CFU/mL) was administered daily by gavage followed by intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU to model intestinal mucositis. The body weight, serum biochemical indices, jejunal pathological organization, and expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the jejunum were examined. The results indicated that the mice induced with 5-FU developed typical intestinal mucositis symptoms and histopathological changes with intense inflammatory and oxidative responses. Moreover, the gut microbiota was disturbed, while PP34 effectively decreased the oxidative reactions and the expression levels of inflammatory mediators and regulated the gut microbiota in 5-FU-exposed mice. Taken together, the study indicated that P. pentosaceus PP34 ameliorates 5-Fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis via inhibiting oxidative stress and restoring the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiran Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxiao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shah Nawaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Mudassar Iqbal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
- College of Animals Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Tibet, 860000, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao R, Han M, Lin S, Lin Z, Yu M, Zhang B, Ma L, Li D, Peng L. Adverse drug events associated with fluorouracil use in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a real-world pharmacovigilance study based on the FDA adverse event reporting system. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39010662 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2024.2380513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used to treat metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but real-world safety data is limited. Our study aimed to evaluate 5-FU's safety profile in a large mCRC population using the FAERS database. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted disproportionality analyses to identify adverse drug events associated with 5-FU use in mCRC patients from 2004 to 2023. Subgroup analyses, gender difference analyses, and logistic regression were also performed. RESULTS We identified 1,458 reports with 5-FU as the primary suspected drug, with males accounting for 48.8% of reports. Gastrointestinal disorders were the most common adverse event (864 cases), while pregnancy-related conditions showed the strongest signal intensity (ROR = 2.97). We found 19 preferred terms with positive signals, including ischemic hepatitis (ROR = 59.32), blood iron increased (ROR = 59.32), and stress cardiomyopathy (ROR = 51.94). Males were more susceptible to weight loss and skin toxicity. Most adverse events occurred within the first month of 5-FU administration. CONCLUSION Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of 5-FU's safety profile in mCRC patients, helping healthcare professionals mitigate risks in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Zhao
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengyao Han
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sen Lin
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhimei Lin
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengjiao Yu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanyue Ma
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Danfei Li
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lisheng Peng
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Wang Z, Liu Z, Cui L, Sun J, Bu C, Tang M, Li M, Gao S, Chen W, Tao X. Disturbance of bile acids profile aggravates the diarrhea induced by capecitabine through inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00303-5. [PMID: 39048073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diarrhea is the primary dose-limiting side effect of capecitabine(Cap) hindering its clinical application, but the mechanism is unclear. Clarifying this mechanism may enhance the patient compliance and improve the treatment outcome. OBJECTIVES To assess if the endogenous metabolic profile could prodict the diarrhea induced by Cap and explore and validate underlying mechanisms. METHODS Untargeted and targeted bile acids(BAs) metabolomics were performed to analyzed the metabolic profile of baseline samples from colorectal cancer(CRC) patients and the association with the diarrhea induced by Cap was assessed. The toxicity of BAs and Cap and its metabolites alone or their combinations to the human normal intestinal epithelial cell(HIEC) was assessed, and the key genes that mediated the BAs-enhanced toxicity of Cap were discovered by RNA-seq and then validated. A mouse model with high exposure levels of BAs was constructed and then treated with Cap to verify the Cap-induced diarrhea enhanced by BAs. RESULTS The baseline endogenous metabolic profile showed obviously difference between diarrhea and non-diarrhea CRC patients, and the differential metabolites mainly enriched in BAs metabolism; the deoxycholic acid(DCA) and lithocholic acid(LCA) were selected to be the key BAs that enhanced the toxicity of Cap metabolite 5-FU to the HIEC cell; the DCA and LCA could inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which then suppressed the P-glycoprotein and increased the exposure level of 5-FU in the HIEC cell. The results of animal experiment verified that the excessive DCA and LCA could aggravate the Cap-induced diarrhea through inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin-P-glycoprotein pathway. CONCLUSIONS The disordered BAs metabolic profile showed close relationship with diarrhea induced by Cap, and excessive DCA and LCA were proved to be the key BAs, which could aggravate the Cap-induced diarrhea through inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin-P-glycoprotein pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China; Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Lili Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Chen Bu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Mao Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Mingming Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Shouhong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China.
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China; Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Xia Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China.
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Vital KD, Pires LO, Gallotti B, Silva JL, Lima de Jesus LC, Alvarez-Leite JI, Ferreira Ê, de Carvalho Azevedo VA, Santos Martins F, Nascimento Cardoso V, Antunes Fernandes SO. Atorvastatin attenuates intestinal mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil in mice by modulating the epithelial barrier and inflammatory response. J Chemother 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38711347 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2024.2345027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis is a major side effect of cancer treatment. Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme reductase inhibitors used to treat hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that atorvastatin (ATV) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and resulting from the regulation of different molecular pathways. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ATV on intestinal homeostasis in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced mucositis. Our results showed that ATV protected the intestinal mucosa from epithelial damage caused by 5-FU mainly due to inflammatory infiltrate and intestinal permeability reduction, downregulation of inflammatory markers, such as Tlr4, MyD88, NF-κB, Tnf-a, Il1β, and Il6 dose-dependent. ATV also improved epithelial barrier function by upregulating the mRNA transcript levels of mucin 2 (MUC2), and ZO-1 and occludin tight junction proteins. The results suggest that the ATV anti-inflammatory and protective effects on 5-FU-induced mice mucositis involve the inhibition of the TLR4/MYD88/NPRL3/NF-κB, iNos, and caspase 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia Duarte Vital
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Octavio Pires
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gallotti
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Janayne Luihan Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ênio Ferreira
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Santos Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Simone Odília Antunes Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Monteiro CEDS, de Cerqueira Fiorio B, Silva FGO, de Fathima Felipe de Souza M, Franco ÁX, Lima MADS, Sales TMAL, Mendes TS, Havt A, Barbosa ALR, Resende ÂC, de Moura RS, de Souza MHLP, Soares PMG. A polyphenol-rich açaí seed extract protects against 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in mice through the TLR-4/MyD88/PI3K/mTOR/NF-κBp65 signaling pathway. Nutr Res 2024; 125:1-15. [PMID: 38428258 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Açaí seed extract (ASE) is obtained from Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) plant (Amazon region) has high nutritional and functional value. ASE is rich in polyphenolic compounds, mainly proanthocyanidins. Proanthocyanidins can modulate the immune system and oxidative stress by inhibiting the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4)/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. A great deal of evidence suggests that inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of intestinal mucositis, and these events can lead to intestinal dysmotility. We hypothesized that ASE acts as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound in intestinal mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) through modulation of the TLR-4/MyD88/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase α/mechanistic target of rapamycin/NF-κBp65 pathway. The animals were divided into linear 5-FU (450 mg/kg) and 5-FU + ASE (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg) groups. The weight loss of the animals was evaluated daily. Samples from duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were obtained for histopathological, biochemical, and functional analyses. ASE reduced weight loss, inflammatory parameters (interleukin-1β; tumor necrosis factor-α; myeloperoxidase activity) and the gene expression of mediators involved in the TLR-2/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. ASE prevented histopathological changes with beneficial effects on gastrointestinal transit delay, gastric emptying, and intestinal absorption/permeability. In conclusion, ASE protects the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier by inhibiting the TLR/MyD88/PI3K/mechanistic target of rapamycin/NF-κBp65 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo da Silva Monteiro
- LEFFAG- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Bárbara de Cerqueira Fiorio
- LEFFAG- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisca Géssica Oliveira Silva
- LEFFAG- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fathima Felipe de Souza
- LEFFAG- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Xavier Franco
- LEFFAG- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marcos Aurélio de Sousa Lima
- LEFFAG- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Thiago Meneses Araujo Leite Sales
- LEFFAG- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Tiago Santos Mendes
- LEFFAG- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Havt
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxinology, LTM, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Reis Barbosa
- LAFFEX- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Parnaiba Delta Federal University (UFDPAR), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Ângela Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Marcos Gomes Soares
- LEFFAG- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Pradeepa E, Arthoba Nayaka Y, Sahana HR. Electrochemical investigation of an anticancer drug 5-Fluorouracil in the presence of Theophylline using low-cost and disposable poly(GLY) modified pencil graphite electrode. Anal Biochem 2024; 687:115451. [PMID: 38154624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Herein this study, a facile, efficient and disposable electrochemical sensor has been prepared by electropolymerization of glycine (poly(GLY)) on the surface of pencil graphite electrode (PGE). The surface topology of the equipped poly(GLY) modified pencil graphite electrode (poly(GLY)/PGE) and bare pencil graphite electrode (BPGE) has been characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) and charge transfer behaviour was measured by electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method. The voltammetric behaviour of anticancer, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the presence of theophylline (THP) has been carried out in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of physiological pH 7.0 using different techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The proposed poly(GLY)/PGE shows augmented peak current for 5-FU at lower potential side over the BPGE due to the electrocatalytic behaviour of modifier layers wrapped on the electrode surface. The kinetic behaviour of 5-FU at modified electrode surface was studied by varying different parameters such as pH, scan rate and concentration study in 0.1 M PBS used as a supporting electrolyte. The limit of detection (LOD) for 5-FU was attained using DPV method with different concentrations (1.0-13.0 μM) and it was found to be 0.012 μM. The possible electrochemical reaction of 5-FU was proposed and it was incorporated by two electrons and two protons mechanism at modified electrode surface. The voltammetric response of poly(GLY)/PGE towards the determination of 5-FU was unaffected in the presence of some excipients in addition to the remarkable stability and reproducibility. The applicability of the proposed sensor has been performed by real sample investigation of 5-FU with a substantial percentage of recovery results in all optimized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pradeepa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, 577451, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
| | - Y Arthoba Nayaka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, 577451, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India.
| | - H R Sahana
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, 577451, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
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8
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Souza RO, Miranda VC, Quintanilha MF, Gallotti B, Oliveira SRM, Silva JL, Alvarez-Leite JI, Jesus LCL, Azevedo V, Vital KD, Fernandes SOA, Cardoso VN, Ferreira E, Nicoli JR, Martins FS. Evaluation of the Treatment with Akkermansia muciniphila BAA-835 of Chemotherapy-induced Mucositis in Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:275-292. [PMID: 36652108 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mucositis is a high-incidence side effect in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Next-generation probiotics are emerging as new therapeutic tools for managing various disorders. Studies have demonstrated the potential of Akkermansia muciniphila to increase the efficiency of anticancer treatment and to mitigate mucositis. Due to the beneficial effect of A. muciniphila on the host, we evaluated the dose-response, the microorganism viability, and the treatment protocol of A. muciniphila BAA-835 in a murine model of chemotherapy-induced mucositis. Female Balb/c mice were divided into groups that received either sterile 0.9% saline or A. muciniphila by gavage. Mucositis was induced using a single intraperitoneal injection of 5-fluorouracil. The animals were euthanized three days after the induction of mucositis, and tissue and blood were collected for analysis. Prevention of weight loss and small intestine shortening and reduction of neutrophil and eosinophil influx were observed when animals were pretreated with viable A. muciniphila at 1010 colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL). The A. muciniphila improved mucosal damage by preserving tissue architecture and increasing villus height and goblet cell number. It also improved the integrity of the epithelial barrier, decreasing intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation. In addition, the treatment prevented the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae. The immunological parameters were also improved by decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL1β, and TNF) and increasing IL10. In conclusion, pretreatment with 1010 CFU/mL of viable A. muciniphila effectively controlled inflammation, protected the intestinal mucosa and the epithelial barrier, and prevented Enterobacteriaceae expansion in treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon O Souza
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vivian C Miranda
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mônica F Quintanilha
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gallotti
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Samantha R M Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Janayne L Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica E Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline I Alvarez-Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica E Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luís C L Jesus
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia E Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia E Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Kátia D Vital
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone O A Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Valbert N Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Enio Ferreira
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jacques R Nicoli
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flaviano S Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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9
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Ji W, Tao L, Li D, Zhu P, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Chen S, Yang H, Jin Y, Duan G. A mouse model and pathogenesis study for CVA19 first isolated from hand, foot, and mouth disease. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2177084. [PMID: 36735880 PMCID: PMC9937014 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2177084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTCoxsackievirus A19 (CVA19) is a member of Enterovirus (EV) C group in the Picornaviridae family. Recently, we reported a case of CVA19-infected hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) for the first time. However, the current body of knowledge on the CVA19 infection, particularly the pathogenesis of encephalomyelitis and diarrhoea is still very limited, due to the lack of suitable animal models. Here, we successfully established a CVA19 mouse model via oral route based on 7-day-old ICR mice. Our results found the virus strain could directly infect the neurons, astrocytes of brain, and motor neurons of spinal cord causing neurological complications, such as acute flaccid paralysis. Importantly, viruses isolated from the spinal cords of infected mice caused severe illness in suckling mice, fulfilling Koch's postulates to some extent. CVA19 infection led to diarrhoea with typical pathological features of shortened intestinal villi, increased number of secretory cells and apoptotic intestinal cells, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Much higher concentrations of serum cytokines and more peripheral blood inflammatory cells in CVA19-infected mice indicated a systematic inflammatory response induced by CVA19 infection. Finally, we found ribavirin and CVA19 VP1 monoclonal antibody could not prevent the disease progression, but higher concentrations of antisera and interferon alpha 2 (IFN-α2) could provide protective effects against CVA19. In conclusion, this study shows that a natural mouse-adapted CVA19 strain leads to diarrhoea and encephalomyelitis in a mouse model via oral infection, which provides a useful tool for studying CVA19 pathogenesis and evaluating the efficacy of vaccines and antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangquan Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Tao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiyu Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuexia Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China, Yuefei Jin Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China,Guangcai Duan Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People’s Republic of China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, Henan, People’s Republic of China
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10
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He S, Xia J, Jia H, Dai Q, Chen C, Zhou Y, Wang XB. Peficitinib ameliorates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal damage by inhibiting aging, inflammatory factors and oxidative stress. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110753. [PMID: 37572505 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a conventional and effective drug for colorectal cancer patients, and it is an important part of combined chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy intestinal mucositis (CIM) is a severe side effect caused by 5-FU that, induces cancer treatment failure and affects patients' quality of life. The mechanism of 5-FU-induced CIM is related to normal cell senescence induced by 5-FU. Peficitinib, a Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor, treats inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease. However, the therapeutic role and underlying mechanism of peficitinib in CIM remain unclear. The main objective of our research was to investigate the effects of peficitinib on 5-FU-induced senescence and intestinal damage in human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells, human intestinal epithelial (HIEC) cells and BABL/C mice. The results showed that 5-FU caused intestinal damage by inducing aging and increasing inflammation and oxidative stress. Peficitinib alleviated aging by reducing senescence-beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity and the protein levels of aging indicators (p53, p21, p16). Moreover, peficitinib reversed the changes in senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) expression caused by 5-FU. Besides, 5-FU induced release of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress indicators was reversed by peficitinib. Additionally, the combination of peficitinib and 5-FU reinforced the anticancer curative intent of 5-FU in two colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116 cells and SW620 cells). In conclusion, peficitinib alleviates mucositis by alleviating aging, reducing inflammatory accumulation and oxidative stress and enhancing the antitumor activity of 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue He
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China; Key Laboratory of University Cell Biology Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China
| | - Jing Xia
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China; Key Laboratory of University Cell Biology Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China
| | - Huijie Jia
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China; Key Laboratory of University Cell Biology Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China
| | - Qianlong Dai
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China; Key Laboratory of University Cell Biology Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China
| | - Cui Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China; Qujing Medical College, Qujing, Yunnan Province 655011, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China.
| | - Xiao Bo Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China; Key Laboratory of University Cell Biology Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000, China.
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11
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Wang Z, Zhou Y, Luo A, Heng X, Liu J, Wang H, Chu W. Lactobacillus salivarius CPU-01 Ameliorates Temozolomide-Induced Intestinal Mucositis by Modulating Gut Microbiota, Maintaining Intestinal Barrier, and Blocking Pro-inflammatory Cytokines. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1079-1091. [PMID: 35639268 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09955-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis is one of the major toxic side effects in the treatment of cancer patients. The purpose of this study is to screen lactic acid bacteria which could alleviate intestinal inflammation and damage induced by chemotherapeutic agents and explore the possible underlying mechanisms. Lactobacillus salivarius CPU-01 was selected from traditional Chinese fermented foods due to its protective effects on the toxicity of temozolomide in Caenorhabditis elegans. Eighteen ICR mice were randomly divided into 3 groups including control group, temozolomide-induced intestinal mucositis group, and temozolomide + L. salivarius CPU-01 group, and were used to investigate the effect of L. salivarius CPU-01 on chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis. It has been demonstrated that the administration of L. salivarius CPU-01 can prevent colon shortening and alleviate colon tissue damage caused by temozolomide-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. L. salivarius CPU-01 relieved the intestinal microbiota disorders caused by temozolomide and contributed to the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Clostridia UCG - 014_norank, and Akkermansia. In vivo experiments also indicated that L. salivarius CPU-01 can suppress the level of temozolomide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum and mRNA expression in the small intestine tissues. It was also found that L. salivarius CPU-01 significantly increased the expressions of intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins, ZO-1, and Occludin proteins in mice treated with temozolomide. These findings suggest that L. salivarius CPU-01 can ameliorate temozolomide-induced intestinal mucositis by modulating gut microbiota, blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines, and repairing the intestinal barrier. These findings suggest probiotics may serve as a potential alternative therapeutic strategy for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Aoxiang Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xing Heng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jinqiu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Huafu Wang
- Lishui People's Hospital, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Weihua Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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12
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Vera G, López-Gómez L, Girón R, Martín-Fontelles MI, Nurgali K, Abalo R, Uranga JA. Effect of the Cannabinoid Agonist WIN 55,212-2 on Neuropathic and Visceral Pain Induced by a Non-Diarrheagenic Dose of the Antitumoral Drug 5-Fluorouracil in the Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14430. [PMID: 37833878 PMCID: PMC10572311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antineoplastic drug used to treat colorectal cancer, but it causes, among other adverse effects, diarrhea and mucositis, as well as enteric neuropathy, as shown in experimental animals. It might also cause neuropathic pain and alterations in visceral sensitivity, but this has not been studied in either patients or experimental animals. Cannabinoids have antimotility and analgesic effects and may alleviate 5-FU-induced adverse effects. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 on neuropathic and visceral pain induced by a non-diarrheagenic dose of 5-FU. Male Wistar rats received a dose of 5-FU (150 mg/kg, ip) and gastrointestinal motility, colonic sensitivity, gut wall structure and tactile sensitivity were evaluated. WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) was administered to evaluate its effect on somatic (50-100 µg ipl; 1 mg/kg, ip) and visceral (1 mg/kg, ip) sensitivity. The cannabinoid tetrad was used to assess the central effects of WIN (1 mg/kg, ip). 5-FU decreased food intake and body weight gain, produced mucositis and thermal hyperalgesia, but these effects were reduced afterwards, and were not accompanied by diarrhea. Tactile mechanical allodynia was also evident and persisted for 15 days. Interestingly, it was alleviated by WIN. 5-FU tended to increase colonic sensitivity whereas WIN reduced the abdominal contractions induced by increasing intracolonic pressure in both control and 5-FU-treated animals. Importantly, the alleviating effects of WIN against those induced by 5-FU were not accompanied by any effect in the cannabinoid tetrad. The activation of the peripheral cannabinoid system may be useful to alleviate neuropathic and visceral pain associated with antitumoral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Vera
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (G.V.); (L.L.-G.); (R.G.); (M.I.M.-F.); (J.A.U.)
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura López-Gómez
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (G.V.); (L.L.-G.); (R.G.); (M.I.M.-F.); (J.A.U.)
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Rocío Girón
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (G.V.); (L.L.-G.); (R.G.); (M.I.M.-F.); (J.A.U.)
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- High-Performance Research Group in Experimental Pharmacology (PHARMAKOM-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - María Isabel Martín-Fontelles
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (G.V.); (L.L.-G.); (R.G.); (M.I.M.-F.); (J.A.U.)
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- High-Performance Research Group in Experimental Pharmacology (PHARMAKOM-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia;
- Department of Medicine Western Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (G.V.); (L.L.-G.); (R.G.); (M.I.M.-F.); (J.A.U.)
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Working Group of Basic Sciences on Pain and Analgesia of the Spanish Pain Society, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Working Group of Cannabinoids of the Spanish Pain Society, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Uranga
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (G.V.); (L.L.-G.); (R.G.); (M.I.M.-F.); (J.A.U.)
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
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13
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Safarpour S, Safarpour S, Akbar Moghadamnia A, Kazemi S, Ebrahimpour A, Shirafkan F. The protective effects of silymarin nanoemulsion on 5-fluorouracil-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in rats. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101672. [PMID: 37448841 PMCID: PMC10336682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5FUra) is the third most popular chemotherapeutic component employed to treat solid tumors. In the present study, we aimed to appraise the silymarin (SM) and silymarin nanoemulsion (SMN) effect on 5FUra-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in adult male rats. A total of 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups including the control (Crl) group, and groups treated with SMN (5 mg.kg-1), SM (5 mg.kg-1), 5FUra + SMN (5 mg.kg-1), and 5FUra + SM (5 mg.kg-1) by IP injection for 14 days. And gastrointestinal toxicity was induced by a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 5FUra (100 mg.kg-1) for the last group in the study. Treating rats with SM and SMN diminished elevating malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and improved total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels. Also, the intensity of mRNA expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) caused by 5FUra in the gastrointestinal tissue tract, and macroscopic oral ulcerations decreased, ass well as weight loss was prevented, particularly in the SMN group. Moreover, in the microscopic scope, there were significant improvements in the levels of hyperemia, hyaline, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the tongue, esophagus, and intestinal tissues in the FUra + SMN and FUra + SM groups compared to 5FUra. Hence, treatment with SM and SMN reduced oxidative stress, histopathological degeneration, and gene expression of inflammatory markers in the gastrointestinal tract. According to the results, treatment with SM and SMN markedly decreases the gastrointestinal toxicity caused by 5FUra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Safarpour
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Samaneh Safarpour
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Anahita Ebrahimpour
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shirafkan
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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14
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Mohammed AI, Celentano A, Paolini R, Low JT, Silke J, O' Reilly LA, McCullough M, Cirillo N. High molecular weight hyaluronic acid drastically reduces chemotherapy-induced mucositis and apoptotic cell death. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:453. [PMID: 37479691 PMCID: PMC10362044 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05934-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Oral and intestinal mucositis (OIM) are debilitating inflammatory diseases initiated by oxidative stress, resulting in epithelial cell death and are frequently observed in cancer patients undergoing chemo-radiotherapy. There are currently few preventative strategies for this debilitating condition. Therefore, the development of a safe and effective mucositis mitigating strategy is an unmet medical need. Hyaluronic acid (HA) preparations have been tentatively used in oral mucositis. However, the protective effects of HA in chemotherapy-induced mucositis and their underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to assess these mechanisms using multiple formulations of enriched HA (Mucosamin®), cross-linked (xl-), and non-crosslinked high molecular weight HA (H-MW-HA) in an oxidative stress-induced model of human oral mucosal injury in vitro and an in vivo murine model of 5-flurouracil (5-FU)-induced oral/intestinal mucositis. All tested HA formulations protected against oxidative stress-induced damage in vitro without inducing cytotoxicity, with H-MW-HA also significantly reducing ROS production. Daily supplementation with H-MW-HA in vivo drastically reduced the severity of 5-FU-induced OIM, prevented apoptotic damage and reduced COX-2 enzyme activity in both the oral and intestinal epithelium. In 5-FU-injected mice, HA supplementation also significantly reduced serum levels of IL-6 and the chemokine CXCL1/KC, while the serum antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase was elevated. Our data suggest that H-MW-HA attenuates 5-FU-induced OIM, at least partly, by impeding apoptosis, inhibiting of oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory cytokines. This study supports the development of H-MW-HA preparations for preventing OIM in patients receiving chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali I Mohammed
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, 3053, Carlton, VIC, Australia.
- College of Dentistry, The University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq.
| | - Antonio Celentano
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, 3053, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rita Paolini
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, 3053, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jun T Low
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Lorraine A O' Reilly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Michael McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, 3053, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, 3053, Carlton, VIC, Australia.
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15
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Tavares LM, de Jesus LCL, Batista VL, Barroso FAL, Dos Santos Freitas A, Campos GM, Américo MF, da Silva TF, Coelho-Rocha ND, Belo GA, Drumond MM, Mancha-Agresti P, Vital KD, Fernandes SOA, Cardoso VN, Birbrair A, Ferreira E, Martins FS, Laguna JG, Azevedo V. Synergistic synbiotic containing fructooligosaccharides and Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 alleviates chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:235. [PMID: 37365380 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is a commonly reported side effect in oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have been investigated as alternative therapeutic approaches against intestinal mucositis due to their well-known anti-inflammatory properties and health benefits to the host. Previous studies showed that the potential probiotic Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 and the prebiotic Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) alleviated the 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucosa damage. Based on these previous beneficial effects, this work evaluated the anti-inflammatory property of the synbiotic formulation containing L. delbrueckii CIDCA 133 and FOS in mice intestinal mucosa inflammation induced by 5-FU. This work showed that the synbiotic formulation was able to modulate inflammatory parameters, including reduction of cellular inflammatory infiltration, gene expression downregulation of Tlr2, Nfkb1, and Tnf, and upregulation of the immunoregulatory Il10 cytokine, thus protecting the intestinal mucosa from epithelial damage caused by the 5-FU. The synbiotic also improved the epithelial barrier function by upregulating mRNA transcript levels of the short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-associated GPR43 receptor and the occludin tight junction protein, with the subsequent reduction of paracellular intestinal permeability. The data obtained showed that this synbiotic formulation could be a promising adjuvant treatment to be explored against inflammatory damage caused by 5-FU chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laísa Macedo Tavares
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Viviane Lima Batista
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Andria Dos Santos Freitas
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Munis Campos
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Monique Ferrary Américo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tales Fernando da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nina Dias Coelho-Rocha
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Angeli Belo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana Martins Drumond
- Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Department of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Materials Engineering Post- Graduation Program, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pamela Mancha-Agresti
- Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Department of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Materials Engineering Post- Graduation Program, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kátia Duarte Vital
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Enio Ferreira
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Guimarães Laguna
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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16
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Andrade MER, Trindade LM, Leocádio PCL, Leite JIA, Dos Reis DC, Cassali GD, da Silva TF, de Oliveira Carvalho RD, de Carvalho Azevedo VA, Cavalcante GG, de Oliveira JS, Fernandes SOA, Generoso SV, Cardoso VN. Association of Fructo-oligosaccharides and Arginine Improves Severity of Mucositis and Modulate the Intestinal Microbiota. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:424-440. [PMID: 36631616 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mucositis is defined as inflammatory and ulcerative lesions along of the gastrointestinal tract that leads to the imbalance of the intestinal microbiota. The use of compounds with action on the integrity of the intestinal epithelium and their microbiota may be a beneficial alternative for the prevention and/or treatment of mucositis. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the association of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and arginine on intestinal damage in experimental mucositis. BALB/c mice were randomized into five groups: CTL (without mucositis + saline), MUC (mucositis + saline), MUC + FOS (mucositis + supplementation with FOS-1st until 10th day), MUC + ARG (mucositis + supplementation with arginine-1st until 10th day), and MUC + FOS + ARG (mucositis + supplementation with FOS and arginine-1st until 10th day). On the 7th day, mucositis was induced with an intraperitoneal injection of 300 mg/kg 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and after 72 h, the animals were euthanized. The results showed that association of FOS and arginine reduced weight loss and oxidative stress (P < 0.05) and maintained intestinal permeability and histological score at physiological levels. The supplementation with FOS and arginine also increased the number of goblet cells, collagen area, and GPR41 and GPR43 gene expression (P < 0.05). Besides these, the association of FOS and arginine modulated intestinal microbiota, leading to an increase in the abundance of the genera Bacteroides, Anaerostipes, and Lactobacillus (P < 0.05) in relation to increased concentration of propionate and acetate. In conclusion, the present results show that the association of FOS and arginine could be important adjuvants in the prevention of intestinal mucositis probably due to modulated intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Emília Rabelo Andrade
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Departamento de Análise Clínica e Toxicológica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 667, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luisa Martins Trindade
- Departamento Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 667, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Paola Caroline Lacerda Leocádio
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 667, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Isaura Alvarez Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 667, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Diego Carlos Dos Reis
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tales Fernando da Silva
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Dias de Oliveira Carvalho
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gregório Grama Cavalcante
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 667, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Jamil Silvano de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 667, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Simone Odília Antunes Fernandes
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Departamento de Análise Clínica e Toxicológica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 667, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Simone Vasconcelos Generoso
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Professor Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Departamento de Análise Clínica e Toxicológica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 667, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
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17
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Trindade LM, Torres L, Matos ID, Miranda VC, de Jesus LCL, Cavalcante G, de Souza Oliveira JJ, Cassali GD, Mancha-Agresti P, de Carvalho Azevedo VA, Maioli TU, Cardoso VN, Martins FDS, de Vasconcelos Generoso S. Paraprobiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Protects Intestinal Damage in an Experimental Murine Model of Mucositis. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:338-350. [PMID: 34524605 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09842-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis (IM) is a common side effect resulting from cancer treatment. However, the management so far has not been very effective. In the last years, the role of the gut microbiota in the development and severity of mucositis has been studied. Therefore, the use of probiotics and paraprobiotics could have a potential therapeutic effect on IM. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of the administration of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) CGMCC1.3724 and the paraprobiotic on IM in mice. For 13 days, male Balb/c mice were divided into six groups: control (CTL) and mucositis (MUC)/0.1 mL of saline; CTL LrV and MUC LrV/0.1 mL of 108 CFU of viable Lr; CTL LrI and MUC LrI/0.1 mL of 108 CFU of inactivated Lr. On the 10th day, mice from the MUC, MUC LrV, and MUC LrI groups received an intraperitoneal injection (300 mg/kg) of 5-fluorouracil to induce mucositis. The results showed that the administration of the chemotherapeutic agent increased the weight loss and intestinal permeability of the animals in the MUC and MUC LrV groups. However, administration of paraprobiotic reduced weight loss and maintained PI at physiological levels. The paraprobiotic also preserved the villi and intestinal crypts, reduced the inflammatory infiltrate, and increased the mucus secretion, Muc2 gene expression, and Treg cells frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Martins Trindade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lícia Torres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica E Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isabel David Matos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Nutrição E Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vivian Correia Miranda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gregório Cavalcante
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica E Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pamela Mancha-Agresti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Nutrição E Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Dos Santos Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Simone de Vasconcelos Generoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Nutrição E Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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18
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de Oliveira K, Severo J, da Silva A, dos Santos B, Mendes P, Sabino J, Filho A, Correia-de-Sá P, dos Santos A, da Silva M. P2X7 receptor antagonist improves gastrointestinal disorders in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12569. [PMID: 36856255 PMCID: PMC9974071 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The purinergic system participates in the control of blood pressure. Hypertension promotes the occurrence of gastrointestinal disorders such as intestinal inflammation and gastric emptying delay. This study aimed i) to investigate the participation of the P2X7 receptor blocker Brilliant Blue G (BBG) on gastric emptying of solids and changes in oxidative stress in the gastric fundus, duodenum, and colon of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and ii) to study the putative relationship of this effect with the renin-angiotensin system. Rats were divided into five groups: Control, SHR, SHR+BBG, SHR+BBG+ATP, and SHR+BBG+ANG II. In the gastrointestinal tract, we assessed gastric emptying (GE) and oxidative stress markers (NOx, MPO, GSH, SOD). We observed a decrease in the GE rate (P<0.05) in SHR vs control rats (21.8±2.0% vs 42.8±3.5%). The decrease in GE was returned (P<0.05) to control levels by BBG in SHR rats (21.8±2.0% vs 41.6±3.2%). Co-administration of ATP or ANG II together with BBG bypassed the effect of the P2X7 antagonist on GE in SHR (P<0.05) (21.9±5.0% vs 25.6±3.0% vs 41.6±3.2%). The MPO activity increased (P<0.05) in the gastric fundus of SHR compared to control rats (6.12±2.26 vs 0.077±0.02 UMPO/mg tissue); this effect was prevented (P<0.05) by BBG (0.55±0.15 vs 6.12±2.26 UMPO/mg tissue). Data demonstrated that blockage of P2X7 receptors with BBG can improve the GE delay and oxidative stress biomarkers in SHR animals. This preventive effect of BBG on GE delay was abrogated by ANG II and ATP, thus prompting crosstalk between renin-angiotensin and the purinergic signaling systems underlying this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.B.V. de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil,Departamento de Educação Física, Laboratório de Exercício e Trato Gastrointestinal, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - J.S. Severo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentação e Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil,Departamento de Educação Física, Laboratório de Exercício e Trato Gastrointestinal, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - A.C.A. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil,Departamento de Educação Física, Laboratório de Exercício e Trato Gastrointestinal, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - B.L.B. dos Santos
- Departamento de Educação Física, Laboratório de Exercício e Trato Gastrointestinal, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - P.H.M. Mendes
- Departamento de Educação Física, Laboratório de Exercício e Trato Gastrointestinal, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - J.P.J. Sabino
- Departamento de Biofísica e Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - A.L.M.M. Filho
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - P. Correia-de-Sá
- Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Descoberta de Fármacos e Medicamentos Inovadores, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A.A. dos Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - M.T.B. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentação e Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil,Departamento de Educação Física, Laboratório de Exercício e Trato Gastrointestinal, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil,Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Laboratório de Fisiologia, Centro de Descoberta de Fármacos e Medicamentos Inovadores, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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19
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Coelho-Rocha ND, de Jesus LCL, Barroso FAL, da Silva TF, Ferreira E, Gonçalves JE, Dos Santos Martins F, de Oliveira Carvalho RD, Barh D, Azevedo VADC. Evaluation of Probiotic Properties of Novel Brazilian Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:160-174. [PMID: 36028786 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09978-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains have been widely reported. Knowing that the effects of probiotic bacteria are strain-dependent, this study aimed to characterize the probiotic properties and investigate the gastrointestinal protective effects of nine novel L. plantarum strains isolated from Bahia, Brazil. The probiotic functionality was first evaluated in vitro by characterizing bile salt and acidic tolerance, antibacterial activity, and adhesion to Caco-2 cells. Antibiotic resistance profile, mucin degradation, and hemolytic activity assays were also performed to evaluate safety features. In vivo analyses were conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the strains on a mouse model of 5-Fluorouracil-induced mucositis. Our results suggest that the used L. plantarum strains have good tolerance to bile salts and low pH and can inhibit commonly gastrointestinal pathogens. Lp2 and Lpl1 strains also exhibited high adhesion rates to Caco-2 cells (13.64 and 9.05%, respectively). Phenotypical resistance to aminoglycosides, vancomycin, and tetracycline was observed for most strains. No strain showed hemolytic or mucolytic activity. Seven strains had a protective effect against histopathological and inflammatory damage induced by 5-FU. Gene expression analysis of inflammatory markers showed that five strains upregulated interleukin 10 (Il10), while four downregulated both interleukin 6 (Il6) and interleukin 1b (Il1b). Additionally, all strains reduced eosinophilic and neutrophilic infiltration; however, they could not prevent weight loss or reduced liquid/ food intake. Altogether, our study suggests these Brazilian L. plantarum strains present good probiotic characteristics and safety levels for future applications and can be therapeutically adjuvant alternatives to prevent/treat intestinal mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dias Coelho-Rocha
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Alvarenga Lima Barroso
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Tales Fernando da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Enio Ferreira
- Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Gonçalves
- Department of Pharmaceutic Products, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Dos Santos Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Dias de Oliveira Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-909, Brazil
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), West Bengal, Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, 721172, India
| | - Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
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20
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Liu X, Zhang J, Si J, Li P, Gao H, Li W, Chen Y. What happens to gut microorganisms and potential repair mechanisms when meet heavy metal(loid)s. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120780. [PMID: 36460187 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (loid) pollution is a significant threat to human health, as the intake of heavy metal (loid)s can cause disturbances in intestinal microbial ecology and metabolic disorders, leading to intestinal and systemic diseases. Therefore, it is important to understand the effects of heavy metal (loid)s on intestinal microorganisms and the necessary approaches to restore them after damage. This review provides a summary of the effects of common toxic elements, such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and metalloid arsenic (As), on the microbial community and structure, metabolic pathways and metabolites, and intestinal morphology and structure. The effects of heavy metal (loid)s on metabolism are focused on energy, nitrogen, and short-chain fatty acid metabolism. We also discussed the main solutions for recovery of intestinal microorganisms from the effects of heavy metal (loid)s, namely the supplementation of probiotics, recombinant bacteria with metal resistance, and the non-toxic transformation of heavy metal (loid) ions by their own intestinal flora. This article provides insight into the toxic effects of heavy metals and As on gut microorganisms and hosts and provides additional therapeutic options to mitigate the damage caused by these toxic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Liu
- College of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Si
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haining Gao
- Key Laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resources Utilization of Gansu, Hexi University, Zhangye, 734000, China
| | - Weikun Li
- College of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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21
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Alhoshani NM, Al-Johani NS, Alkeraishan N, Alarifi S, Alkahtani S. Effect of lycopene as an adjuvant therapy with 5-florouracil in human colon cancer. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103392. [PMID: 35957702 PMCID: PMC9358465 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer (CC) is among the most frequent human cancers. Although, there is improvement in diagnostic techniques and existing treatment possibilities. Still, there is an unmet need for a novel treatment regimen that will improve the patient's quality of life. Here, the role of lycopene as an adjuvant therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was explored in Caco2 colon cancer cells. Cells were exposed to a dose (3 µg/ml) of 5-FU and three doses (60, 90, 120 µg/ml) of lycopene either alone or as a mixture with 5-FU. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, gene expression, and apoptotic parameters were investigated in this study. Findings showed that 5-FU or lycopene alone induced a dose-dependent increase in cytotoxicity which was slightly reduced in lycopene mixtures. Apoptotic assays showed that 5-FU induced a significant level of apoptosis but not necrosis. However, a lycopene mixture with 5-FU enhanced 5-FU triggered apoptosis and promoted necrosis. The mixtures were also shown to suppress mitochondrial membrane potential while gene expression analyses showed the induction of Bax expression upon exposure to mix 90 exhibited the highest Bax to Bcl-2 ratio and caspase 3 and 9 gene expression. Furthermore, the mixture treatment also inhibited cell migration in the wound healing assay compared to 5-FU alone. In conclusion, lycopene was found to sensitize Caco 2 cell lines to 5-FU treatment by inducing the expression of apoptotic genes. This, coupled with lycopene suppression of cytotoxicity and cell migration, indicates lycopene may be a promising candidate for adjuvant therapy involving 5-FU in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah M. Alhoshani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah S. Al-Johani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Alkeraishan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Paraprobiotics and Postbiotics of Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 Mitigate 5-FU-Induced Intestinal Inflammation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071418. [PMID: 35889136 PMCID: PMC9324481 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is a commonly reported side effect in oncology practice. Probiotics are considered an excellent alternative therapeutic approach to this debilitating condition; however, there are safety questions regarding the viable consumption of probiotics in clinical practice due to the risks of systemic infections, especially in immune-compromised patients. The use of heat-killed or cell-free supernatants derived from probiotic strains has been evaluated to minimize these adverse effects. Thus, this work evaluated the anti-inflammatory properties of paraprobiotics (heat-killed) and postbiotics (cell-free supernatant) of the probiotic Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 strain in a mouse model of 5-Fluorouracil drug-induced mucositis. Administration of paraprobiotics and postbiotics reduced the neutrophil cells infiltrating into the small intestinal mucosa and ameliorated the intestinal epithelium architecture damaged by 5-FU. These ameliorative effects were associated with a downregulation of inflammatory markers (Tlr2, Nfkb1, Il12, Il17a, Il1b, Tnf), and upregulation of immunoregulatory Il10 cytokine and the epithelial barrier markers Ocln, Cldn1, 2, 5, Hp and Muc2. Thus, heat-killed L. delbrueckii CIDCA 133 and supernatants derived from this strain were shown to be effective in reducing 5-FU-induced inflammatory damage, demonstrating them to be an alternative approach to the problems arising from the use of live beneficial microorganisms in clinical practice.
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23
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Shi P, Zhao T, Wang W, Peng F, Wang T, Jia Y, Zou L, Wang P, Yang S, Fan Y, Zong J, Qu X, Wang S. Protective effect of homogeneous polysaccharides of Wuguchong (HPW) on intestinal mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil in mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:36. [PMID: 35585561 PMCID: PMC9118848 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In hospitalized patients, drug side effects usually trigger intestinal mucositis (IM), which in turn damages intestinal absorption and reduces the efficacy of treatment. It has been discovered that natural polysaccharides can relieve IM. In this study, we extracted and purified homogenous polysaccharides of Wuguchong (HPW), a traditional Chinese medicine, and explored the protective effect of HPW on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced IM. METHODS AND RESULTS First, we identified the physical and chemical properties of the extracted homogeneous polysaccharides. The molecular weight of HPW was 616 kDa, and it was composed of 14 monosaccharides. Then, a model of small IM induced by 5-FU (50 mg/kg) was established in mice to explore the effect and mechanism of HPW. The results showed that HPW effectively increased histological indicators such as villus height, crypt depth and goblet cell count. Moreover, HPW relieved intestinal barrier indicators such as D-Lac and diamine oxidase (DAO). Subsequently, western blotting was used to measure the expression of Claudin-1, Occludin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and inflammatory proteins such as NF-κB (P65), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and COX-2. The results also indicated that HPW could reduce inflammation and protect the barrier at the molecular level. Finally, we investigated the influence of HPW on the levels of short-chain fatty acids, a metabolite of intestinal flora, in the faeces of mice. CONCLUSIONS HPW, which is a bioactive polysaccharide derived from insects, has protective effects on the intestinal mucosa, can relieve intestinal inflammation caused by drug side effects, and deserves further development and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China.,College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, 9 South Lushun Road West, Dalian, China
| | - Tianqi Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China.,College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, 9 South Lushun Road West, Dalian, China
| | - Wendong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second People's Hospital of Dalian, 29 Hongji Street, Dalian, China
| | - Fangli Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China.,College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, 9 South Lushun Road West, Dalian, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China.,College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, 9 South Lushun Road West, Dalian, China
| | - Yong Jia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China.,College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, 9 South Lushun Road West, Dalian, China
| | - Linxuan Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China.,Dalian Runxi Technology Development Co., Ltd, 3 Jinxia Street, Dalian, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China.,College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, 9 South Lushun Road West, Dalian, China
| | - Simengge Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China
| | - Junwei Zong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China. .,College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, 9 South Lushun Road West, Dalian, China.
| | - Xueling Qu
- Pelvic Floor Repair Centre, The Affiliated Dalian Maternity Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 1 Dunhuang Road, Dalian, China. .,Pelvic Floor Repair Centre, Dalian Women and Children Medical Centre (Group), No. 1 Road of Sports New Town, Dalian, China.
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China. .,College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, 9 South Lushun Road West, Dalian, China.
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24
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Barroso FAL, de Jesus LCL, da Silva TF, Batista VL, Laguna J, Coelho-Rocha ND, Vital KD, Fernandes SOA, Cardoso VN, Ferreira E, Martins FS, Drumond MM, Mancha-Agresti P, Birbrair A, Barh D, Azevedo V. Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 Ameliorates Chemotherapy-Induced Mucositis by Modulating Epithelial Barrier and TLR2/4/Myd88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:858036. [PMID: 35558121 PMCID: PMC9087590 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.858036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis promoted by the use of anticancer drugs is characterized by ulcerative inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, a debilitating side effect in cancer patients undergoing treatment. Probiotics are a potential therapeutic option to alleviate intestinal mucositis due to their effects on epithelial barrier integrity and anti-inflammatory modulation. This study investigated the health-promoting impact of Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 in modulating inflammatory and epithelial barrier markers to protect the intestinal mucosa from 5-fluorouracil-induced epithelial damage. L. delbrueckii CIDCA 133 consumption ameliorated small intestine shortening, inflammatory cell infiltration, intestinal permeability, villus atrophy, and goblet cell count, improving the intestinal mucosa architecture and its function in treated mice. Upregulation of Muc2, Cldn1, Hp, F11r, and Il10, and downregulation of markers involved in NF-κB signaling pathway activation (Tlr2, Tlr4, Nfkb1, Il6, and Il1b) were observed at the mRNA level. This work suggests a beneficial role of L. delbrueckii strain CIDCA 133 on intestinal damage induced by 5-FU chemotherapy through modulation of inflammatory pathways and improvement of epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tales Fernando da Silva
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Viviane Lima Batista
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Laguna
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nina Dias Coelho-Rocha
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kátia Duarte Vital
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Enio Ferreira
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Martins Drumond
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pamela Mancha-Agresti
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Purba Medinipur, India
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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25
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Chukwunyere U, Mercan M, Sehirli AO, Abacioglu N. Possible cytoprotective mechanisms of oxytocin against 5-fluorouracil-induced gastrointestinal mucositis. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4055-4059. [PMID: 35474056 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal mucositis is a common and dose-limiting side effect characterized by ulcerative lesions in the mucosa of the digestive tract in patients receiving anticancer drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a potent antineoplastic drug. Several protocols have reported the efficacy of therapeutic interventions to prevent this side effect, although complete success has not yet been achieved and mucositis remains one of the most serious complications associated with 5-FU therapy. Oxytocin, a well-known antistress agent, has been reported to have comparable effects to ranitidine. Previous studies have shown that oxytocin inhibits gastric acid secretion and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in rats. If oxytocin can reduce stress-induced ulcers via antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory pathways, then it may have a dose-dependent effect on gastrointestinal mucositis caused by 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugochukwu Chukwunyere
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, 99138, Lefkosa, TRNC, Turkey.
| | - Merve Mercan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, 99138, Lefkosa, TRNC, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozer Sehirli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Lefkosa, TRNC, Turkey
| | - Nurettin Abacioglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, 99138, Lefkosa, TRNC, Turkey
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26
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Lin L, Li Y, Zhou G, Wang Y, Li L, Han J, Chen M, He Y, Zhang S. Multi-Omics Analysis of Western-style Diet Increased Susceptibility to Experimental Colitis in Mice. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2523-2537. [PMID: 35479832 PMCID: PMC9037890 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s361039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Western-style diet (WSD) is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) prevalence. However, the impact of WSD on IBD development and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. Transcriptomics and metabolomics could be beneficial for identifying key factors in WSD-related experimental IBD susceptibility. However, no such study has been conducted yet. We aimed to analyze the implications of WSD for experimental colitis susceptibility in mice and its underlying mechanism using these high-throughput technologies. Methods We fed experimental mice a WSD and a control diet from weaning. After 9 weeks, the mice were treated with 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid to induce colitis, and the control group was treated with 50% ethanol (commonly used IBD animal model). Genome-wide microarray and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were used to identify the differential transcripts and metabolites of experimental colitis with and without pre-illness WSD. Results WSD induced more severe inflammation in experimental colitis than the control diet. We found 2540 up-regulated genes and 2737 down-regulated genes in experimental colitis with WSD compared with those for the control diet. In addition, levels of 41 colonic tissue metabolites and 56 serum metabolites showed significant differences. Integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic data, we found major co-expression networks through which WSD promoted experimental IBD susceptibility, including enzymes of biotransformation, glycan synthesis and metabolism, steroid hormone metabolites. Conclusion Pre-illness WSD increased experimental colitis susceptibility. Our results could provide important evidences for the potential mechanisms and assist dietary recommendations to better manage IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaoshi Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minhu Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao He
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenghong Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shenghong Zhang; Yao He, Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
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27
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Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction is a common occurrence associated with many different classes of chemotherapeutic agents. Gastrointestinal toxicity includes mucositis, diarrhea, and constipation, and can often be a dose-limiting complication, induce cessation of treatment and could be life threatening. The gastrointestinal epithelium is rich in rapidly dividing cells and hence is a prime target for chemotherapeutic drugs. The incidence of gastrointestinal toxicity, including diarrhea and mucositis, is extremely high for a wide array of chemotherapeutic and radiation regimens. In fact, 60%-100% of patients on high-dose chemotherapy suffer from gastrointestinal side effects. Unfortunately, treatment options are limited, and therapy is often restricted to palliative care. Therefore, there is a great unmet therapeutic need for preventing and treating chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicities in the clinic. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced diarrhea and mucositis, and emerging mechanisms involving the enteric nervous system, smooth muscle cells and enteric immune cells. Recent evidence has also implicated gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of not only chemotherapy-induced mucositis and diarrhea, but also chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Oxidative stress induced by chemotherapeutic agents results in post-translational modification of ion channels altering neuronal excitability. Thus, investigating how chemotherapy-induced changes in the gut- microbiome axis may lead to gut-related toxicities will be critical in the discovery of new drug targets for mitigating adverse gastrointestinal effects associated with chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid I Akbarali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - Karan H Muchhala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Donald K Jessup
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Stanley Cheatham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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28
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Al-Khrashi LA, Badr AM, Al-Amin MA, Mahran YF. Thymol ameliorates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis: Evidence of down-regulatory effect on TGF-β/MAPK pathways through NF-κB. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e22932. [PMID: 34665902 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a front-line cytotoxic therapy. However, intestinal mucositis is a well-known adverse event of 5-FU, which limits its therapeutic use. Indeed, thymol, which is a monoterpene component of the essential oil derived from thymus, has a potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential chemoprotective effect of thymol against 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. Rats were either exposed to two doses of 5-FU (150 mg/kg, ip) and/or treated with thymol (60 or 120 mg/kg). Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, as well as pathological changes, were assessed. 5-FU-induced severe intestinal damages as were evidenced by histopathological changes as well as oxidative and inflammatory responses. Thymol pretreatment inhibited 5-FU-induced oxidative stress by reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing intestinal levels of antioxidant systems. Moreover, inflammatory response markers, such as interleukin-6, prostaglandin E2, and COX-2 were also improved. The immunoblotting analysis also showed that thymol significantly inhibited the 5-FU-induced expression of nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor β-1 (TGF-β1), in addition to the suppression of p38 and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase proteins' expressions. Our study is the first to demonstrate the promising protective effect of thymol against 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis through inhibition of oxidative, inflammatory pathways, and suppression of TGF-β/p38/p-JNK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla A Al-Khrashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, KSU, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, KSU, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha A Al-Amin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, KSU, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmen F Mahran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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29
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Savassi B, Cordeiro BF, Silva SH, Oliveira ER, Belo G, Figueiroa AG, Alves Queiroz MI, Faria AMC, Alves J, da Silva TF, Campos GM, Esmerino EA, Rocha RS, Freitas MQ, Silva MC, Cruz AG, Vital KD, Fernandes SO, Cardoso VN, Acurcio LB, Jan G, Le Loir Y, Gala-Garcia A, do Carmo FLR, Azevedo V. Lyophilized Symbiotic Mitigates Mucositis Induced by 5-Fluorouracil. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:755871. [PMID: 34955828 PMCID: PMC8703075 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.755871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucositis is an adverse effect of cancer chemotherapies using 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). It is characterized by mucosal inflammation, pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. Some studies reported promising healing effects of probiotic strains, when associated with prebiotics, as adjuvant treatment of mucositis. We developed a lyophilized symbiotic product, containing skimmed milk, supplemented with whey protein isolate (WPI) and with fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and fermented by Lactobacillus casei BL23, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum B7, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus B1. In a mice 5-FU mucositis model, this symbiotic lyophilized formulation was able to reduce weight loss and intestinal permeability. This last was determined in vivo by quantifying blood radioactivity after oral administration of 99mTc-DTPA. Finally, histological damages caused by 5-FU-induced mucositis were monitored. Consumption of the symbiotic formulation caused a reduced score of inflammation in the duodenum, ileum, and colon. In addition, it decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α in the mice ileum. The symbiotic product developed in this work thus represents a promising adjuvant treatment of mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Savassi
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bárbara F. Cordeiro
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sara H. Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Emiliano R. Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Belo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Alves
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tales Fernando da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Munis Campos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Erick A. Esmerino
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ramon S. Rocha
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
- Departamento de Alimentos, Ciência e Tecnologia Do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Instituto Federal de Educação, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monica Q. Freitas
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Marcia C. Silva
- Departamento de Alimentos, Ciência e Tecnologia Do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Instituto Federal de Educação, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriano G. Cruz
- Departamento de Alimentos, Ciência e Tecnologia Do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Instituto Federal de Educação, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kátia Duarte Vital
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Simone O.A. Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Valbert N. Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Borges Acurcio
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gwénaël Jan
- INRAE, STLO, Institut Agro, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Yves Le Loir
- INRAE, STLO, Institut Agro, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Alfonso Gala-Garcia
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Fillipe Luiz R. do Carmo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- INRAE, STLO, Institut Agro, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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30
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Siemiaszko G, Niemirowicz-Laskowska K, Markiewicz KH, Misztalewska-Turkowicz I, Dudź E, Milewska S, Misiak P, Kurowska I, Sadowska A, Car H, Wilczewska AZ. Synergistic effect of folate-conjugated polymers and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of colon cancer. Cancer Nanotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-021-00104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In recent years, targeted drug delivery strategies have received special attention from the scientific world due to advantages such as more effective therapy and reduction of side effects. The principle of operation is delayed excretion from the bloodstream of the drug delivery system compared to the drug itself, as well as facilitated penetration into diseased cells thanks to the use of ligands recognized by appropriate receptors. Particularly interesting drug carriers are amphiphilic copolymers that form nano-sized micelles with a drug, which can release the drug at a specific place in the body under the influence of appropriate stimuli.
Results
We describe the synthesis of the diblock polymer, poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate)-b-poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) using RAFT/MADIX (Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer/MAcromolecular Design by Interchange of Xanthate) controlled polymerization affording polymers with good dispersity according to SEC (Size-Exclusion Chromatography). Some post-modifications of the polymer with folic acid were then performed as evidenced by NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), UV–Vis (UltraViolet–Visible) and FT-IR (Fourier-Transform Infrared) spectroscopy, and TGA (ThermoGravimetric Analysis). The formation of stable micellar systems from polymers with and without the drug, 5-fluorouracil, was confirmed by DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) and zeta potential measurements, and TEM (Transmission Eelectron Microscopy) imaging. Finally, the cloud point of the polymers was investigated, which turned out to be close to the temperature of the human body. Most importantly, these micellar systems have been explored as a drug delivery system against colon cancer, showing increased cytotoxicity compared to the drug alone. This effect was achieved due to the easier cellular uptake by the interaction of folic acid and its receptors on the surface of cancer cells.
Conclusions
The presented results constitute a solid foundation for the implementation of a nano-sized drug delivery system containing folic acid for practical use in the treatment of drug-resistant cancer, as well as more effective therapy with fewer side effects.
Graphical Abstract
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31
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Zhao G, Williams J, Washington MK, Yang Y, Long J, Townsend SD, Yan F. 2'-Fucosyllactose Ameliorates Chemotherapy-Induced Intestinal Mucositis by Protecting Intestinal Epithelial Cells Against Apoptosis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:441-457. [PMID: 34607083 PMCID: PMC8688723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal mucositis, a severe complication of antineoplastic therapeutics, is characterized by mucosal injury and inflammation in the small intestine. Therapies for the prevention and treatment of this disease are needed. We investigated whether 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), an abundant oligosaccharide in human milk, protects intestinal integrity and ameliorates intestinal mucositis. METHODS A mouse small intestinal epithelial (MSIE) cell line, mouse enteroid cultures, and human gastrointestinal tumor cell lines (AGS and HT29) were co-treated with the chemotherapy agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 2'-FL. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 5-FU to induce intestinal mucositis. 2'-FL was administered in the drinking water to mice before (pretreatment) or concurrently with 5-FU injection. Body weight and pathologic changes were analyzed. RESULTS 2'-FL alleviated 5-FU inhibition of cell growth in MSIE cells, but not in AGS and HT29 cells. The 5-FU-induced apoptosis in MSIE cells and enteroids was suppressed by 2'-FL. Compared with 5-FU treatment alone, 2'-FL pretreatment protected against body weight loss, and ameliorated inflammation scores, proinflammatory cytokine production, shortening of villi, epithelial cell apoptosis, goblet cell loss, and tight junctional complex disruption in the small intestine. 2'-FL concurrent treatment had less of an effect on intestinal mucositis than 2'-FL pretreatment. Interestingly, no effect of 2'-FL was observed on 5-FU-induced S-phase arrest in MSIE, AGS, and HT29 cells. Neither pretreatment nor concurrent treatment with 2'-FL affected 5-FU-induced inhibition of proliferation in MSIE cells. CONCLUSIONS This study shows a novel direct effect of 2'-FL in protecting small intestinal epithelial cells against apoptosis stimulated by 5-FU, which may contribute to prevention of 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - M. Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yaohua Yang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jirong Long
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Fang Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Fang Yan, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, MRB IV, Room 1035, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0696. fax: (615) 343-5323.
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Zeeshan M, Atiq A, Ain QU, Ali J, Khan S, Ali H. Evaluating the mucoprotective effects of glycyrrhizic acid-loaded polymeric nanoparticles in a murine model of 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis via suppression of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1539-1553. [PMID: 34420176 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic drug, has severe deteriorating effects on the intestine, leading to mucositis. Glycyrrhizic acid is a compound derived from a common herbal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra, with mucoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, however, associated with poor pharmacokinetics. Owing to the remarkable therapeutic action of glycyrrhizic acid-loaded polymeric nanocarriers in inflammatory bowel disease, we explored their activity against 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. Polymeric nanocarriers have proven to be efficient drug delivery vehicles for the long-term treatment of inflammatory diseases, but have not yet been explored for 5-FU-induced mucositis. Therefore, this study aimed to produce glycyrrhizic acid-loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid (GA-PLGA) nanoparticles to evaluate their protective and therapeutic effects in a 5-FU-induced mucositis model. METHODS GA-PLGA nanoparticles were prepared using a modified double emulsion method, physicochemically characterized, and tested for in vitro drug release. Thereafter, mucositis was induced by 5-FU (50 mg/kg; IP) administration to the mice for the first 3 days (day 0, 1, 2), and mice were treated orally with GA-PLGA nanoparticles for 7 days (day 0-6). RESULTS GA-PLGA nanoparticles significantly reduced mucositis severity measured by body weight, diarrhea score, distress, and anorexia. Further, 5-FU induced intestinal histopathological damage, altered villi-crypt length, reduced goblet cell count, elevated pro-inflammatory mediators, and suppressed antioxidant enzymes, all of which were reversed by GA-PLGA nanoparticles. CONCLUSION Morphological, behavioral, histological, and biochemical results suggested that GA-PLGA nanoparticles were efficient, biocompatible, targeted, and sustained release drug delivery nano-vehicle for enhanced mucoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects in 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahira Zeeshan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Atiq
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Qurat Ul Ain
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Yeung CY, Chiang Chiau JS, Cheng ML, Chan WT, Jiang CB, Chang SW, Liu CY, Chang CW, Lee HC. Effects of Vitamin D-Deficient Diet on Intestinal Epithelial Integrity and Zonulin Expression in a C57BL/6 Mouse Model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:649818. [PMID: 34414198 PMCID: PMC8369235 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.649818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Vitamin D (VD) plays an important role not only in mineral balance and skeletal maintenance but also in immune modulation. VD status was found correlated with the pathophysiology and severity of inflammatory bowel diseases and other autoimmune disorders. Epithelial barrier function is primarily regulated by the tight-junction (TJ) proteins. In this study, we try to establish an animal model by raising mice fed VD-deficient diet and to investigate the effects of VD-deficient diet on gut integrity and zonulin expression. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were administered either VD-deficient [VDD group, 25(OH)2D3 0 IU/per mouse] or VD-sufficient [VDS group, 25(OH)2D3 37.8 IU/per mouse] special diets for 7 weeks. Body weight and diet intake were recorded weekly. Serum VD levels were detected. After sacrifice, jejunum and colon specimens were collected. The villus length and crypt depth of the jejunum as well as mucosa thickness of the colon were measured. Various serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and intestinal TJ proteins were assessed. The serum level of zonulin and the mRNA expression of jejunum zonulin were also investigated. Results: We found that mice fed a VDD diet had a lower serum level of VD after 7 weeks (p < 0.001). VDD mice gained significant less weight (p = 0.022) and took a similar amount of diet (p = 0.398) when compared to mice raised on a VDS diet. Significantly decreased colon mucosa thickness was found in VDD mice compared with the VDS group (p = 0.022). A marked increase in serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels was demonstrated in VDD mice. All relative levels of claudin (CLD)-1 (p = 0.007), CLD-3 (p < 0.001), CLD-7 (p < 0.001), and zonulin-1 (ZO-1, p = 0.038) protein expressions were significantly decreased in the VDD group when compared to the VDS group. A significant upregulation of mRNA expression of jejunum zonulin (p = 0.043) and elevated serum zonulin (p = 0.001) were found in the VDD group. Conclusions: We successfully demonstrated that VDD could lead to impaired barrier properties. We assume that sufficient VD could maintain intestinal epithelial integrity and prevent mucosal barrier dysfunction. VD supplementation may serve as part of a therapeutic strategy for human autoimmune and infectious diseases with intestinal barrier dysfunction (leaky gut) in the future. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that VDD could lead to a significant upregulation in mRNA expression of the jejunum zonulin level and also a marked elevation of serum zonulin in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Yeung
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Mei-Lein Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wai-Tao Chan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Bin Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wen Chang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Liu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Chang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chang Lee
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Chemotherapy: a double-edged sword in cancer treatment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:507-526. [PMID: 34355266 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a well-known and effective treatment for different cancers; unfortunately, it has not been as efficient in the eradication of all cancer cells as been expected. The mechanism of this failure was not fully clarified, yet. Meanwhile, alterations in the physiologic conditions of the tumor microenvironment (TME) were suggested as one of the underlying possibilities. Chemotherapy drugs can activate multiple signaling pathways and augment the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Inflammation may show two opposite roles in the TME. On the one hand, inflammation, as an innate immune response, tries to suppress tumor growth but on the other hand, it might be not powerful enough to eradicate the cancer cells and even it can provide appropriate conditions for cancer promotion and relapse as well. Therefore, the administration of mild anti-inflammatory drugs during chemotherapy might result in more successful clinical results. Here, we will review and discuss this hypothesis. Most chemotherapy agents are triggers of inflammation in the tumor microenvironment through inducing the production of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) molecules. Some chemotherapy agents can induce systematic inflammation by provoking TLR4 signaling or triggering IL-1B secretion through the inflammasome pathway. NF-kB and MAPK are key signaling pathways of inflammation and could be activated by several chemotherapy drugs. Furthermore, inflammation can play a key role in cancer development, metastasis and exacerbation.
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Coutinho JOPA, Quintanilha MF, Campos MRA, Ferreira E, de Menezes GCA, Rosa LH, Rosa CA, Vital KD, Fernandes SOA, Cardoso VN, Nicoli JR, Tiago FCP, Martins FS. Antarctic Strain of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18,377 Attenuates Mucositis Induced by 5-Fluorouracil in Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:486-500. [PMID: 34255281 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mucositis is one of the most strenuous side effects caused by chemotherapy drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), during the treatment of several types of cancers. The disease is so prevalent and aggressive that many patients cannot resist such symptoms. However, despite its frequency and clinical significance, there is no effective treatment to prevent or treat mucositis. Thus, the use of probiotics as an adjuvant for the treatment has gained prominence. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of oral administration of the Antarctic strain of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18,377 as an alternative to minimize side effects of 5-FU-induced mucositis in mice. Body weight, food consumption, stool consistency, and presence of blood in the feces were assessed daily in mice orally treated or not with the yeast and submitted or not to experimental mucositis. Blood, bones, and intestinal tissues and fluid were used to determine intestinal permeability and immunological, microbiological, and histopathological parameters. Treatment with R. mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18,377 was able to decrease clinical signs of the disease, such as reduction of food intake and body weight loss, and also decreased the number of intestinal enterobacteria and intestinal length shortening. Additionally, treatment was able to decrease the levels of MPO and EPO activities and inflammatory infiltrates, as well as the histopathological lesions characteristic of mucositis in the jejunum and ileum. Results of the present study showed that the oral administration of R. mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18,377 protected mice against mucositis induced by 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana O P A Coutinho
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mônica F Quintanilha
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marina R A Campos
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Enio Ferreira
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Graciéle C A de Menezes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz H Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Katia D Vital
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone O A Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Valbert N Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jacques R Nicoli
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiana C P Tiago
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flaviano S Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Agentes Bioterapêuticos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30270-901, Brazil.
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Uthaiwat P, Priprem A, Chio-Srichan S, Settasatian C, Lee YC, Mahakunakorn P, Boonsiri P, Leelayuwat C, Tippayawat P, Puthongking P, Daduang J. Oral Administration of Melatonin or Succinyl Melatonin Niosome Gel Benefits 5-FU-Induced Small Intestinal Mucositis Treatment in Mice. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:200. [PMID: 34212283 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucositis is one of the most adverse effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and had no standard drug for treatment. Melatonin is a neurohormone, and can ameliorate radiotherapy-induced small intestinal mucositis. Melatonin encapsulated in niosomes improved its poor bioavailability. Succinyl melatonin, a melatonin derivative, showed prolonged release compared with melatonin. This study investigated the efficacy of melatonin niosome gel (MNG) and succinyl melatonin niosome gel (SNG) in 5-FU-induced small intestinal mucositis treatment in mice. MNG and SNG with particle sizes of 293 and 270 nm were shown to have mucoadhesive potentials. The effect of a daily oral application of MNG, SNG, or fluocinolone acetonide gel (FAG, positive control) was compared to that of the normal group. The body weight, food consumption, histology, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the small intestine were monitored. The results showed decreased %body weight and food consumption in all 5-FU-injected groups compared with the normal group. The MNG and SNG treatments maintained the food consumption and the normal integrity of the small intestines, as evidenced by villus length and crypt depth, similar to the observations in the normal groups. The FTIR spectra showed no change in lipids of the MNG and SNG groups compared with the normal group. Moreover, SNG could reduce IL-1β content to a level that was not different from the level in the normal groups. Therefore, the oral application of MNG and SNG could protect against 5-FU-induced small intestinal mucositis in mice.
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Immune Modulation Effects of Lactobacillus casei Variety rhamnosus on Enterocytes and Intestinal Stem Cells in a 5-FU-Induced Mucositis Mouse Model. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2021; 2021:3068393. [PMID: 33564301 PMCID: PMC7850847 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3068393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal mucositis remains one of the most deleterious side effects in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. We hypothesize that the probiotics could preserve gut ecology, ameliorate inflammation, and protect epithelia via immune modulations of enterocytes and intestinal stem cells. Our aim is to characterize these changes and the safety of probiotics via a 5-fluorouracil- (5-FU-) induced intestinal mucositis mouse model. Methods 5-FU-injected BALB/c mice were either orally administrated with saline or probiotic suspension of Lactobacillus casei variety rhamnosus (Lcr35). Diarrhea scores, serum proinflammatory cytokines, and T-cell subtypes were assessed. Immunostaining analyses for the proliferation of intestinal stem cells CD44 and Ki67 were processed. Samples of blood and internal organs were investigated for bacterial translocation. Results Diarrhea was attenuated after oral Lcr35 administration. Serum proinflammatory cytokines were significantly increased in the 5-FU group and were reversed by Lcr35. A tremendous rise of the CD3+/CD8+ count and a significant decrease of CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ ratios were found in the 5-FU group and were both reversed by Lcr35. 5-FU significantly stimulated the expression of CD44 stem cells, and the expression was restored by Lcr35. 5-FU could increase the number of Ki67 proliferative cells. No bacterial translocation was found in this study. Conclusions Our results showed that 5-FU caused intestinal inflammation mainly via Th1 and Th17 responses. 5-FU could stimulate stem cells and proliferation cells in a mouse model. We demonstrate chemotherapy could decrease immune competence. Probiotics were shown to modulate the immune response. This is the first study to analyze the immune modulation effects and safety of Lactobacillus strain on enterocytes and intestinal stem cells in a mouse model.
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Barroso FAL, de Jesus LCL, de Castro CP, Batista VL, Ferreira Ê, Fernandes RS, de Barros ALB, Leclerq SY, Azevedo V, Mancha-Agresti P, Drumond MM. Intake of Lactobacillus delbrueckii (pExu: hsp65) Prevents the Inflammation and the Disorganization of the Intestinal Mucosa in a Mouse Model of Mucositis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010107. [PMID: 33466324 PMCID: PMC7824804 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antineoplastic drug that causes, as a side effect, intestinal mucositis, acute inflammation in the small bowel. The Heat Shock Protein (Hsp) are highly expressed in inflammatory conditions, developing an important role in immune modulation. Thus, they are potential candidates for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In the mucositis mouse model, the present study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effect of oral administration of milk fermented by Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 (pExu:hsp65), a recombinant strain. This approach showed increased levels of sIgA in the intestinal fluid, reducing inflammatory infiltrate and intestinal permeability. Additionally, the histological score was improved. Protection was associated with a reduction in the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Tnf, Il6, Il12, and Il1b, and an increase in Il10, Muc2, and claudin 1 (Cldn1) and 2 (Cldn2) gene expression in ileum tissue. These findings are corroborated with the increased number of goblet cells, the electronic microscopy images, and the reduction of intestinal permeability. The administration of milk fermented by this recombinant probiotic strain was also able to reverse the high levels of gene expression of Tlrs caused by the 5-FU. Thus, the rCIDCA 133:Hsp65 strain was revealed to be a promising preventive strategy for small bowel inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Alvarenga Lima Barroso
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de—Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.A.L.B.); (L.C.L.d.J.); (C.P.d.C.); (V.L.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de—Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.A.L.B.); (L.C.L.d.J.); (C.P.d.C.); (V.L.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Camila Prosperi de Castro
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de—Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.A.L.B.); (L.C.L.d.J.); (C.P.d.C.); (V.L.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Viviane Lima Batista
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de—Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.A.L.B.); (L.C.L.d.J.); (C.P.d.C.); (V.L.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Ênio Ferreira
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Renata Salgado Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Campus da UFMG, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Cidade Universitária, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (R.S.F.); (A.L.B.d.B.)
| | - André Luís Branco de Barros
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Campus da UFMG, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Cidade Universitária, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (R.S.F.); (A.L.B.d.B.)
| | - Sophie Yvette Leclerq
- Laboratório de Inovação Biotecnológica, Fundação Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Belo Horizonte 30510-010, Brazil;
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de—Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.A.L.B.); (L.C.L.d.J.); (C.P.d.C.); (V.L.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Pamela Mancha-Agresti
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de—Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.A.L.B.); (L.C.L.d.J.); (C.P.d.C.); (V.L.B.); (V.A.)
- Faculdade de Minas-Faminas-BH, Medicina, Belo Horizonte 31744-007, Brazil
- Correspondence: (P.M.-A.); (M.M.D.); Tel.: +55-31-99817-5004 (P.M.-A.); +55-31-99222-2761 (M.M.D.)
| | - Mariana Martins Drumond
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de—Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.A.L.B.); (L.C.L.d.J.); (C.P.d.C.); (V.L.B.); (V.A.)
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET/MG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte 31421-169, Brazil
- Correspondence: (P.M.-A.); (M.M.D.); Tel.: +55-31-99817-5004 (P.M.-A.); +55-31-99222-2761 (M.M.D.)
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Osaki A, Sanematsu K, Yamazoe J, Hirose F, Watanabe Y, Kawabata Y, Oike A, Hirayama A, Yamada Y, Iwata S, Takai S, Wada N, Shigemura N. Drinking Ice-Cold Water Reduces the Severity of Anticancer Drug-Induced Taste Dysfunction in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8958. [PMID: 33255773 PMCID: PMC7728361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste disorders are common adverse effects of cancer chemotherapy that can reduce quality of life and impair nutritional status. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced taste disorders remain largely unknown. Furthermore, there are no effective preventive measures for chemotherapy-induced taste disorders. We investigated the effects of a combination of three anticancer drugs (TPF: docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil) on the structure and function of mouse taste tissues and examined whether the drinking of ice-cold water after TPF administration would attenuate these effects. TPF administration significantly increased the number of cells expressing apoptotic and proliferative markers. Furthermore, TPF administration significantly reduced the number of cells expressing taste cell markers and the magnitudes of the responses of taste nerves to tastants. The above results suggest that anticancer drug-induced taste dysfunction may be due to a reduction in the number of taste cells expressing taste-related molecules. The suppressive effects of TPF on taste cell marker expression and taste perception were reduced by the drinking of ice-cold water. We speculate that oral cryotherapy with an ice cube might be useful for prophylaxis against anticancer drug-induced taste disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Osaki
- Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.O.); (F.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.K.); (A.O.); (A.H.); (Y.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
- Division of General Dentistry, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Keisuke Sanematsu
- Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.O.); (F.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.K.); (A.O.); (A.H.); (Y.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
- Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Junichi Yamazoe
- Section of Oral Healthcare and Dentistry Cooperation, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Fumie Hirose
- Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.O.); (F.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.K.); (A.O.); (A.H.); (Y.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Yu Watanabe
- Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.O.); (F.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.K.); (A.O.); (A.H.); (Y.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Yuko Kawabata
- Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.O.); (F.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.K.); (A.O.); (A.H.); (Y.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Asami Oike
- Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.O.); (F.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.K.); (A.O.); (A.H.); (Y.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Ayaka Hirayama
- Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.O.); (F.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.K.); (A.O.); (A.H.); (Y.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Yu Yamada
- Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.O.); (F.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.K.); (A.O.); (A.H.); (Y.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Shusuke Iwata
- Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.O.); (F.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.K.); (A.O.); (A.H.); (Y.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
- Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shingo Takai
- Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.O.); (F.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.K.); (A.O.); (A.H.); (Y.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Naohisa Wada
- Division of General Dentistry, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Noriatsu Shigemura
- Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.O.); (F.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.K.); (A.O.); (A.H.); (Y.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.)
- Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Kamar SS, Baky MH, Omar AI. The beneficial influence of rhubarb on 5-fluorouracil-induced ileal mucositis and the combined role of aquaporin-4, tumour necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-kappa B & matrix metalloproteinase-9 in rat model: histological study. Anat Cell Biol 2020; 53:228-239. [PMID: 32647090 PMCID: PMC7343559 DOI: 10.5115/acb.20.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is used for cancer treatment despite its cytotoxic sequelae on healthy cells, especially the rapid proliferating ones. Intestinal mucositis is one of the most frequent chemotherapeutic debilitating sequelae. Rhubarb (Rh), an ancient herb, is known for its curing effect on gastrointestinal complications. This study aims to detect the role of aquaporin-4 (AQP-4), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in 5-FU-induced ileal histological and biochemical changes and the potential therapeutic effect of Rh water extract on these changes in rats. A 45 rats were divided into 3 groups; control, 5-FU (single intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg/rat) and Rh-treated (oral 20 mg/kg/day/rat for 8 days). The change in animals’ weight, incidence of diarrhoea and AQP-4 and TNF-α values in ileal homogenates were measured. Ileal sections were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin stain, periodic acid Schiff (PAS)-reaction and MMP-9, NF-κB and AQP-4 immunohistochemical staining. A 5-FU group revealed marked ileal mucosal damage associated with a significant decrease in the mean body weight, AQP-4 level and area percent of PAS and AQP-4 positive reaction. Significant increase in the mean incidence of diarrhoea, TNF-α value and area percent of MMP-9 and NF-κB was detected. These changes were significantly corrected with Rh administration. A 5-FU resulted in severe ileal mucositis through TNF-α, NF-κB, MMP-9, and AQP-4 disturbances. Rh treatment was highly effective in preventing such mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaa Samir Kamar
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Hasan Baky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacology, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Ibraheem Omar
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Magalhães TAFM, Souza MOD, Gomes SV, Mendes E Silva R, Martins FDS, Freitas RND, Amaral JFD. Açaí ( Euterpe oleracea Martius) Promotes Jejunal Tissue Regeneration by Enhancing Antioxidant Response in 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Mucositis. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:523-533. [PMID: 32367766 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1759659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis (IM) caused by antineoplastic chemotherapy is characterized by an important inflammatory process, which may compromise ongoing treatment. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) on the antioxidant response in BALB/c mice pretreated with Açaí pulp (200 g/kg) for 14 day. A group of animals receiving a single intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (200 mg/kg) were euthanized on day three (D3) or seven (D7) after administration, the distal jejunum was isolated for the analyses of histology, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities, and concentration of total sulfhydryl groups (GSH). Seven days after induction, the intake of Açaí by the IM group almost completely regenerated tissue histology. Notably, SOD activity decreased in the MUC + Açaí group (D3). CAT activity reduced on D3 and D7 in the IM groups and Açaí treatment groups, respectively. No change was observed in the total GSH concentration at the tissue level. Our results demonstrated the protective effect of Açaí pulp components on intestinal damage induced by 5-FU, as well as the ability to control the response to oxidative stress, in order to mobilize defense pathways and promote tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sttefany Viana Gomes
- Nucleus of Research in Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raiana Mendes E Silva
- Nucleus of Research in Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Dos Santos Martins
- Departament of Microbiology, Biological Science Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Nascimento de Freitas
- School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Nucleus of Research in Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Hu M, Wu X, Luo M, Wei H, Xu D, Xu F. Lactobacillus rhamnosus FLRH93 protects against intestinal damage in mice induced by 5-fluorouracil. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:5003-5018. [PMID: 32229117 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used as a chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of cancer but it has toxic side effects. It can induce severe intestinal damage and even lead to death. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether milk fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus FLRH93 could alleviate intestinal damage induced by 5-FU. The results of injury intervention in a mouse model showed that milk fermented with Lb. rhamnosus FLRH93 significantly ameliorated intestinal injury caused by 5-FU. The results of hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that mice fed Lb. rhamnosus FLRH93 preserved the villus/crypt ratio and reduced the loss of goblet cells in ileum sections of 5-FU-treated animal. Further, administration of fermented milk upregulated expression of Bcl-2 in the intestinal tract and downregulated the expression of NLRP3, thus reducing the production of inflammatory factors interleukin 1-β and tumor necrosis factor-α. The survival rate of mice treated with fermented milk was twice that of mice not fed fermented milk after continuous oral administration of 5-FU. In conclusion, Lb. rhamnosus FLRH93 has positive effects on body injury and could be used to prevent intestinal damage caused by cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Meng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China; Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Di Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047, China.
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Boeing T, de Souza P, Speca S, Somensi LB, Mariano LNB, Cury BJ, Ferreira Dos Anjos M, Quintão NLM, Dubuqoy L, Desreumax P, da Silva LM, de Andrade SF. Luteolin prevents irinotecan-induced intestinal mucositis in mice through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2393-2408. [PMID: 31976547 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intestinal mucositis refers to mucosal damage caused by cancer treatment, and irinotecan is one of the agents most associated with this condition. Focusing on the development of alternatives to prevent this important adverse effect, we evaluated the activity of the flavonoid luteolin, which has never been tested for this purpose despite its biological potential. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of luteolin were examined on irinotecan-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. Clinical signs were evaluated. Moreover, histological, oxidative, and inflammatory parameters were analysed, as well as the possible interference of luteolin in the anti-tumour activity of irinotecan. KEY RESULTS Luteolin (30 mg·kg-1 ; p.o. or i.p.) prevented irinotecan-induced intestinal damage by reducing weight loss and diarrhoea score and attenuating the shortening of the duodenum and colon. Histological analysis confirmed that luteolin (p.o.) prevented villous shortening, vacuolization, and apoptosis of cells and preserved mucin production in the duodenum and colon. Moreover, luteolin treatment mitigated irinotecan-induced oxidative stress, by reducing the levels of ROS and LOOH and augmenting endogenous antioxidants, and inflammation by decreasing MPO enzymic activity, TNF, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels and increasing IL-4 and IL-10. Disruption of the tight junctions ZO-1 and occludin was also prevented by luteolin treatment. Importantly, luteolin did not interfere with the anti-tumour activity of irinotecan. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Luteolin prevents intestinal mucositis induced by irinotecan and therefore could be a potential adjunct in anti-tumour therapy to control this adverse effect, increasing treatment adherence and consequently the chances of cancer remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaise Boeing
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Silvia Speca
- CHRU de Lille, Inserm, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), Université Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Lincon Bordignon Somensi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Luisa Nathália Bolda Mariano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Benhur Judah Cury
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Mariana Ferreira Dos Anjos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Nara Lins Meira Quintão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Laurent Dubuqoy
- CHRU de Lille, Inserm, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), Université Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Desreumax
- CHRU de Lille, Inserm, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), Université Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Luisa Mota da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Faloni de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
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de Miranda JAL, Martins CDS, Fideles LDS, Barbosa MLL, Barreto JEF, Pimenta HB, Freitas FOR, Pimentel PVDS, Teixeira CS, Scafuri AG, dos Santos Luciano MC, Araújo JL, Rocha JA, Vieira IGP, Ricardo NMPS, da Silva Campelo M, Ribeiro MENP, de Castro Brito GA, Cerqueira GS. Troxerutin Prevents 5-Fluorouracil Induced Morphological Changes in the Intestinal Mucosa: Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E10. [PMID: 31936203 PMCID: PMC7169416 DOI: 10.3390/ph13010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is a common complication associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic agent used for cancer treatment. Troxerutin (TRX), a semi-synthetic flavonoid extracted from Dimorphandra gardneriana, has been reported as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of TRX on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. Swiss mice were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, 5-FU, TRX-50, TRX-100, TRX-150, Celecoxib (CLX), and CLX + TRX-100. The weight of mice was measured daily. After treatment, the animals were euthanized and segments of the small intestine were collected to evaluate histopathological alterations (morphometric analysis), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), mast and goblet cell counts, immunohistochemical analysis, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity. Compared to the saline treatment, the 5-FU treatment induced intense weight loss and reduction in villus height. TRX treatment (100 mg/kg) prevented the 5-FU-induced histopathological changes and decreased oxidative stress by decreasing the MDA levels and increasing GSH concentration. TRX attenuated inflammatory process by decreasing MPO activity, intestinal mastocytosis, and COX-2 expression. TRX also reversed the depletion of goblet cells. Our findings suggest that TRX at a concentration of 100 mg/kg had chemopreventive effects on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis via COX-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Antônio Leal de Miranda
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Conceição da Silva Martins
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Lázaro de Sousa Fideles
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Maria Lucianny Lima Barbosa
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - João Erivan Façanha Barreto
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Helder Bindá Pimenta
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Francisco Orlando Rafael Freitas
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Paulo Vitor de Souza Pimentel
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Claudio Silva Teixeira
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Ariel Gustavo Scafuri
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Maria Claudia dos Santos Luciano
- Nucleus of Research and Development of Medications (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Coronel Nunes of Melo Street, 100, Fortaleza 60430-275, Brazil;
| | - Joabe Lima Araújo
- Research Group in Natural Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Maranhão, s/n Avenue Aurila Maria Santos Barros of Sousa, Frei Alberto Beretta, Grajaú-MA 65940-000, Brazil; (J.L.A.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Jefferson Almeida Rocha
- Research Group in Natural Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Maranhão, s/n Avenue Aurila Maria Santos Barros of Sousa, Frei Alberto Beretta, Grajaú-MA 65940-000, Brazil; (J.L.A.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Icaro Gusmão Pinto Vieira
- Technological Development Park, Federal University of Ceará, Humberto Monte Avenue, 2977, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil;
| | - Nágila Maria Pontes Silva Ricardo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil; (N.M.P.S.R.); (M.d.S.C.); (M.E.N.P.R.)
| | - Matheus da Silva Campelo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil; (N.M.P.S.R.); (M.d.S.C.); (M.E.N.P.R.)
| | - Maria Elenir Nobre Pinho Ribeiro
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil; (N.M.P.S.R.); (M.d.S.C.); (M.E.N.P.R.)
| | - Gerly Anne de Castro Brito
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Gilberto Santos Cerqueira
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
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Lee JM, Yoo IK, Lee JM, Kim SH, Choi HS, Kim ES, Keum B, Seo YS, Jeen YT, Chun HJ, Lee HS, Um SH, Kim CD. Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor ameliorates 5-flurouracil induced intestinal mucositis. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1016. [PMID: 31664952 PMCID: PMC6819400 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced alimentary mucositis (AM) is difficult to prevent and treatment is rarely effective. Recent study have been showed that glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and GLP-2 has protective in chemotherapy-induced AM. While the DPP-4 enzyme degrades this GLP-1, the DPP-4 inhibitor blocks the degradation process and raises the concentration of GLP-1. This study aimed to assess the role of DPP-4 inhibitor, a well-known hypoglycemic agent, on chemotherapy-induced AM. METHODS Twenty-four 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups: control, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), DPP-4 inhibitor, and saline (DPP-4i), and DPP-4 inhibitor and 5-FU (DPP-4i + 5-FU). Mucositis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (400 mg/kg). DPP-4 inhibitor (50 mg/kg) was administered orally for four days starting the day before 5-FU administration. Post 72 h of 5-FU injection, mice were sacrificed and body weight change, diarrhea score, villus height, villus/crypt ratio, histologic characteristics including goblet cell count, and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, were assessed. RESULTS Daily body weight change was not statistically significant between the 5-FU and the DPP-4i + 5-FU group (P = 0.571). Diarrhea score was significantly different between these two groups (P = 0.033). In the 5-FU group, the villus height was not maintained well, the epithelial lining was irregular, and inflammatory cell infiltration was observed. Goblet cell count in the DPP-4i + 5-FU group was significantly higher than in the 5-FU group (P = 0.007). However, in the DPP-4i + 5-FU group, the villus height, epithelial lining, and crypt structure were better maintained than in the 5-FU group. Compared with the control group, mRNA expression of TNF-α was significantly up-regulated in the 5-FU group. Moreover, mRNA expression of TNF-α in the DPP-4i + 5-FU group was down-regulated compared to the 5-FU group. However, IL-6 in the 5-FU group was significantly down-regulated compared to the control, there was no significant difference in expression of IL-6 between the 5-FU and DPP4i + 5-FU group. CONCLUSION DPP-4 inhibitor can improve 5-FU induced AM and, therefore, has potential as an alternative treatment for chemotherapy-induced AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Medical Center, Gunpo, South Korea
| | - In Kyung Yoo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Min Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Han Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Soon Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Sun Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bora Keum
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon Seok Seo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Tae Jeen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hoon Jai Chun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hong Sik Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soon Ho Um
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Duck Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Quaresma M, Damasceno S, Monteiro C, Lima F, Mendes T, Lima M, Justino P, Barbosa A, Souza M, Souza E, Soares P. Probiotic mixture containing Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. attenuates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:1355-1365. [PMID: 31608714 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1675719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. was used to protect against gastrointestinal disorders. The present study evaluated the effects of probiotic mixture (PM) containing Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. on intestinal mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Swiss male mice (25-30 g) were treated with 5-FU (450 mg/kg, ip) and were orally administered (PM). Probiotic mixture 1 (PM-1) is a mixture of two probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis) and probiotic mixture 2 (PM-2) is a mixture of four probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Bifidobacterium lactis). PM-1 and PM-2 decreased histopathological scores in the duodenum and jejunum after mucositis. PM-2 attenuated 5-FU-induced weight loss. On the other hand, PM-1 did not exert a significant effect on weight loss. Both probiotics mixture increased the villus/crypt ratio in all intestinal segments, increased GSH levels in the duodenum and jejunum, and reduced the MDA, MPO, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. PM-2 attenuated the delay in gastric emptying. PM-1 and PM-2 prevented epithelial injury in intestinal mucositis by 5-FU, demonstrating the potential use of these probiotics as therapeutic agents against intestinal mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Quaresma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, LEFFAG-Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Samara Damasceno
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, LEFFAG-Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Carlos Monteiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, LEFFAG-Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Francisco Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, LEFFAG-Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Tiago Mendes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, LEFFAG-Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Marcos Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, LEFFAG-Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Justino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, LEFFAG-Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - André Barbosa
- LAFFEX-Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Marcellus Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, LEFFAG-Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Souza
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceara, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Pedro Soares
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, LEFFAG-Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceara, Ceara, Brazil
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Zhong S, Zhou Z, Liang Y, Cheng X, Li Y, Teng W, Zhao M, Liu C, Guan M, Zhao C. Targeting strategies for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: does gut microbiota play a role? Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:369-393. [PMID: 31106639 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1608905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a progressive, often irreversible condition that produces severe neurological deficits. Emerging data suggest that chemotherapy also exerts detrimental effects on gut microbiota composition and intestinal permeability, contributing to dysbiosis and inflammation. Compared with other complications associated with chemotherapy, such as diarrhoea and mucositis, CIPN is of particular concern because it is the most common reason for terminating or suspending treatment. However, specific and effective curative treatment strategies are lacking. In this review, we provide an update on current preclinical and clinical understandings about the role of gut microbiota in CIPN. The gut microbiota serves as an intersection between the microbiome-gut-brain and the neuroimmune-endocrine axis, forming a complex network that can directly or indirectly affect key components involved in the manifestations of CIPN. Herein, we discuss several potential mechanisms within the context of the networks and summarize alterations in gut microbiome induced by chemotherapeutic drugs, providing great potential for researchers to target pathways associated with the gut microbiome and overcome CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhong
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Zhike Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Yifan Liang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Weiyu Teng
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Meiting Guan
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Chuansheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
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Treatment with selenium-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFMG A-905 partially ameliorates mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil in mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:117-126. [PMID: 31079219 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastrointestinal mucositis is a major problem associated with cancer therapy. To minimize these deleterious effects, simultaneous administration of antioxidant components, such as selenium, can be considered. There is a growing interest in the use of yeasts because they are able to convert inorganic selenium into selenomethionine. In the present study, oral administration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFMG A-905 enriched with selenium was evaluated as an alternative in minimizing the side effects of 5FU-induced mucositis in mice. METHODS Mice body weight, food consumption, faeces consistency and the presence of blood in faeces were assessed daily during experimental mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Blood was used for intestinal permeability determination, and small intestine for oxidative stress, immunological and histopathological examination. RESULTS The increased intestinal permeability observed with mucositis induction was partially reverted by S. cerevisiae and selenium-enriched yeast. Both treatments were able to reduce myeloperoxidase activity, but only selenium-enriched yeast reduced eosinophil peroxidase activity. CXCL1/KC levels, histopathological tissue damage and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation and nitrite production) in the small intestine were reduced by both treatments; however, this reduction was always higher when treatment with selenium-enriched yeast was evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study showed that the oral administration of S. cerevisiae UFMG A-905 protected mice against mucositis induced by 5-FU, and that this effect was potentiated when the yeast was enriched with selenium.
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Protective Effect of Cashew Gum (Anacardium occidentale L.) on 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020051. [PMID: 30987265 PMCID: PMC6630449 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is a common complication associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic agent used for cancer treatment. Cashew gum (CG) has been reported as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of CG extracted from the exudate of Anacardium occidentale L. on experimental intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU. Swiss mice were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, 5-FU, CG 30, CG 60, CG 90, Celecoxib (CLX), and CLX + CG 90 groups. The weight of mice was measured daily. After treatment, the animals were euthanized and segments of the small intestine were collected to evaluate histopathological alterations (morphometric analysis), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and glutathione (GSH), and immunohistochemical analysis of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). 5-FU induced intense weight loss and reduction in villus height compared to the saline group. CG 90 prevented 5-FU-induced histopathological changes and decreased oxidative stress through decrease of MDA levels and increase of GSH concentration. CG attenuated inflammatory process by decreasing MPO activity, intestinal mastocytosis, and COX-2 expression. Our findings suggest that CG at a concentration of 90 mg/kg reverses the effects of 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis.
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