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Vaishampayan P, Lee Y. Redox-active vitamin C suppresses human osteosarcoma growth by triggering intracellular ROS-iron-calcium signaling crosstalk and mitochondrial dysfunction. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103288. [PMID: 39083898 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological vitamin C (VC) has gained attention for its pro-oxidant characteristics and selective ability to induce cancer cell death. However, defining its role in cancer has been challenging due to its complex redox properties. In this study, using a human osteosarcoma (OS) model, we show that the redox-active property of VC is critical for inducing non-apoptotic cancer cell death via intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)-iron-calcium crosstalk and mitochondrial dysfunction. In both 2D and 3D OS cell culture models, only the oxidizable form of VC demonstrated potent dose-dependent cytotoxicity, while non-oxidizable and oxidized VC derivatives had minimal effects. Live-cell imaging showed that only oxidizable VC caused a surge in cytotoxic ROS, dependent on iron rather than copper. Inhibitors of ferroptosis, a form of iron-dependent cell death, along with classical apoptosis inhibitors, were unable to completely counteract the cytotoxic effects induced by VC. Further pharmacological and genetic inhibition analyses showed that VC triggers calcium release through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), leading to mitochondrial ROS production and eventual cell death. RNA sequencing revealed down-regulation of genes involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation upon pharmacological VC treatment. Consistently, high-dose VC reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP levels, with ATP reconstitution rescuing VC-induced cytotoxicity. In vivo OS xenograft studies demonstrated reduced tumor growth with high-dose VC administration, concomitant with the altered expression of mitochondrial ATP synthase (MT-ATP). These findings emphasize VC's potential clinical utility in osteosarcoma treatment by inducing mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction through a vicious intracellular ROS-iron-calcium cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta Vaishampayan
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Yool Lee
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA; Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA; Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA.
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2
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Kola A, Vigni G, Baratto MC, Valensin D. A Combined NMR and UV-Vis Approach to Evaluate Radical Scavenging Activity of Rosmarinic Acid and Other Polyphenols. Molecules 2023; 28:6629. [PMID: 37764405 PMCID: PMC10536562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the body's ability to neutralize them. ROS are reactive molecules generated during cellular metabolism and play a crucial role in normal physiological processes. However, excessive ROS production can lead to oxidative damage, contributing to various diseases and aging. This study is focused on rosmarinic acid (RA), a hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) derivative well known for its antioxidant activity. In addition, RA has also demonstrated prooxidant behavior under specific conditions involving high concentrations of transition metal ions such as iron and copper, high pH, and the presence of oxygen. In this study, we aim to clarify the underlying mechanisms and factors governing the antioxidant and prooxidant activities of RA, and to compare them with other HCA derivatives. UV-Vis, NMR, and EPR techniques were used to explore copper(II)'s binding ability of RA, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid. At the same time, UV-Vis and NMR methods were exploited to evaluate the polyphenols' free radical scavenging abilities towards ROS generated by the ascorbic acid-copper(II) system. All the data indicate that RA is the most effective polyphenol both in copper binding abilities and ROS protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniela Valensin
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.K.); (G.V.); (M.C.B.)
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3
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Is vitamin C a booster of the effects of dietary nitrate on endothelial function? Physiologic rationale and implications for research. Nutrition 2023; 109:111995. [PMID: 36917872 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is an early marker of vascular damage linked to the loss of integrity of the endothelial lining and represents a key step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). ED may be reversible, hence the development and testing of effective early interventions could be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of CVDs. Recent studies have demonstrated that the consumption of dietary nitrate (NO3-), an inorganic anion that serves as a substrate for the gas transmitter nitric oxide (NO), can lower blood pressure, improve endothelial function and, in observational studies, reduce the risk for CVD. We hypothesize that the co-consumption of NO3- with vitamin C, which is a potent antioxidant, could enhance the "yield" of NO produced from a given NO3- dose byThis could translate into greater NO-dependent effects on endothelial function (EF) and overall vascular health (than may be experienced with NO3- supplementation alone). This review presents evidence to suggest that the combination of vitamin C and dietary nitrate could represent a promising and effective approach to improve EF and reduce CVD risk, and discuss opportunities for future research.
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Farhan M, Rizvi A. Understanding the Prooxidant Action of Plant Polyphenols in the Cellular Microenvironment of Malignant Cells: Role of Copper and Therapeutic Implications. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:929853. [PMID: 35795551 PMCID: PMC9251333 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.929853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant derived polyphenolic compounds are considered critical components of human nutrition and have shown chemotherapeutic effects against a number of malignancies. Several studies have confirmed the ability of polyphenols to induce apoptosis and regression of tumours in animal models. However, the mechanism through which polyphenols modulate their malignant cell selective anticancer effects has not been clearly established. While it is believed that the antioxidant properties of these molecules may contribute to lowering the risk of cancer induction by causing oxidative damage to DNA, it could not be held responsible for chemotherapeutic properties and apoptosis induction. It is a well known fact that cellular copper increases within the malignant cell and in serum of patients harboring malignancies. This phenomenon is independent of the cellular origin of malignancies. Based on our own observations and those of others; over the last 30 years our laboratory has shown that cellular copper reacts with plant derived polyphenolic compounds, by a Fenton like reaction, which generates reactive oxygen species and leads to genomic DNA damage. This damage then causes an apoptosis like cell death of malignant cells, while sparing normal cells. This communication reviews our work in this area and lays the basis for understanding how plant derived polyphenols can behave as prooxidants (and not antioxidants) within the microenvironment of a malignancy (elevated copper levels) and gives rationale for their preferential cytotoxicity towards malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Farhan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Mohd Farhan,
| | - Asim Rizvi
- Department of Kulliyat, Faculty of Unani Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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5
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Yin X, Chen K, Cheng H, Chen X, Feng S, Song Y, Liang L. Chemical Stability of Ascorbic Acid Integrated into Commercial Products: A Review on Bioactivity and Delivery Technology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:153. [PMID: 35052657 PMCID: PMC8773188 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid is commonly known as vitamin C. It is an indispensable nutrient and plays a key role in retaining the physiological process of humans and animals. L-gulonolactone oxidase, the key enzyme for the de novo synthesis of ascorbic acid, is lacking in some mammals including humans. The functionality of ascorbic acid has prompted the development of foods fortified with this vitamin. As a natural antioxidant, it is expected to protect the sensory and nutritional characteristics of the food. It is thus important to know the degradation of ascorbic acid in the food matrix and its interaction with coexisting components. The biggest challenge in the utilization of ascorbic acid is maintaining its stability and improving its delivery to the active site. The review also includes the current strategies for stabilizing ascorbic acid and the commercial applications of ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.Y.); (K.C.); (H.C.); (X.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.Y.); (K.C.); (H.C.); (X.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.Y.); (K.C.); (H.C.); (X.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.Y.); (K.C.); (H.C.); (X.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuai Feng
- Luwei Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shuangfeng Industrial Park, Zibo 255195, China;
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Raledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China;
| | - Li Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.Y.); (K.C.); (H.C.); (X.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Abstract
Tannic Acid (TA) is a naturally occurring antioxidant polyphenol that has gained popularity over the past decade in the field of biomedical research for its unique biochemical properties. Tannic acid, typically extracted from oak tree galls, has been used in many important historical applications. TA is a key component in vegetable tanning of leather, iron gall ink, red wines, and as a traditional medicine to treat a variety of maladies. The basis of TA utility is derived from its many hydroxyl groups and its affinity for forming hydrogen bonds with proteins and other biomolecules. Today, the study of TA has led to the development of many new pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. TA has been shown to reduce inflammation as an antioxidant, act as an antibiotic in common pathogenic bacterium, and induce apoptosis in several cancer types. TA has also displayed antiviral and antifungal activity. At certain concentrations, TA can be used to treat gastrointestinal disorders such as hemorrhoids and diarrhea, severe burns, and protect against neurodegenerative diseases. TA has also been utilized in biomaterials research as a natural crosslinking agent to improve mechanical properties of natural and synthetic hydrogels and polymers, while also imparting anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer activity to the materials. TA has also been used to develop thin film coatings and nanoparticles for drug delivery. In all, TA is fascinating molecule with a wide variety of potential uses in pharmaceuticals, biomaterials applications, and drug delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Baldwin
- RinggoldID:170373Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - Brian W Booth
- RinggoldID:170373Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
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Understanding the Therapeutic Potential of Ascorbic Acid in the Battle to Overcome Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081130. [PMID: 34439796 PMCID: PMC8392841 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a fatal disease, is also one of the main causes of death worldwide. Despite various developments to prevent and treat cancer, the side effects of anticancer drugs remain a major concern. Ascorbic acid is an essential vitamin required by our bodies for normal physiological function and also has antioxidant and anticancer activity. Although the body cannot synthesize ascorbic acid, it is abundant in nature through foods and other natural sources and also exists as a nutritional food supplement. In anticancer drug development, ascorbic acid has played an important role by inhibiting the development of cancer through various mechanisms, including scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), selectively producing ROS and encouraging their cytotoxicity against tumour cells, preventing glucose metabolism, serving as an epigenetic regulator, and regulating the expression of HIF in tumour cells. Several ascorbic acid analogues have been produced to date for their anticancer and antioxidant activity. The current review summarizes the mechanisms behind ascorbic acid's antitumor activity, presents a compilation of its derivatives and their biological activity as anticancer agents, and discusses delivery systems such as liposomes, nanoparticles against cancer, and patents on ascorbic acid as anticancer agents.
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Ren C, Wu C, Yang C, Lian C. Vitamin C affects G0/G1 cell cycle and autophagy by downregulating of cyclin D1 in gastric carcinoma cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:553-561. [PMID: 33624781 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin C has re-emerged as a promising anticancer agent. This study attempts to analyze the differential gene expression of profiles GSE11919 to look for some clues, and the most significant cell cycle pathway caused by vitamin C was identified by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Inspired by this, we investigated the effect of vitamin C treatment on gastric carcinoma cells by detection of cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy. Vitamin C significantly elevated the percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase, whereas the percentage of S phase cells was decreased. Meanwhile, vitamin C treatment resulted in downregulation of cell cycle-related protein Cyclin D1. We deduced that the downregulation of Cyclin D1 by vitamin C accompanied by significantly increased 5'AMP-activated protein kinase and induced autophagy in MKN45 cells. These results suggest that vitamin C has the antiproliferation effect on gastric carcinoma cells via the regulation of cell cycle and autophagy by Cyclin D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Ren
- Central Laboratory, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Cuiling Wu
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Changqing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Changhong Lian
- Department of General Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
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9
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Abstract
Significance: Persistent oxidative stress is a common feature of cancer cells, giving a specific weapon to selectively eliminate them. Ascorbate in pharmacological concentration can contribute to the suspended formation of hydroxyl radical via the Fenton reaction; thus, it can be an important element of the oxidative stress therapy against cancer cells. Recent Advances: The main components of ascorbate-induced cell death are DNA double-strand breaks via the production of hydroxyl radical and ATP depletion due to the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1. Presumably, DNA damage can be the primary contributor to the anticancer activity of pharmacological ascorbate, as opposed to the rupture of bioenergetics. The caspase independency of high-dose ascorbate-induced cell death proposed the possible involvement of several types of cell death, such as ferroptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy. Critical Issues: Ascorbate can target at least two key molecular features of cancer cells as a part of the anticancer therapy: the intrinsic or acquired resistance to cell death and the dysregulated metabolism of cancer cells. It seems probable that different concentrations of ascorbate alter the nature of induced cell death. Autophagy and necroptosis may play a role at intermediate concentrations, but caspase-independent apoptosis may dominate at higher concentrations. However, ascorbate behaves as an effective inhibitor of ferroptosis that may have crucial importance in its possible clinical application. Future Directions: The elucidation of the details and the links between high-dose ascorbate-induced cancer selective cell death mechanisms may give us a tool to form and apply synergistic cancer therapies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 831-844.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Szarka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Kapuy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Lőrincz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Fernandez-Lazaro CI, Martínez-González MÁ, Aguilera-Buenosvinos I, Gea A, Ruiz-Canela M, Romanos-Nanclares A, Toledo E. Dietary Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals and Breast Cancer Risk: Prospective Results from the SUN Cohort. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030340. [PMID: 33668391 PMCID: PMC7996327 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in natural antioxidants and their potential effects on breast cancer (BC). Epidemiological evidence, however, is inconsistent. We prospectively evaluated the association between dietary intake of vitamins A, C, and E, selenium, and zinc and BC among 9983 female participants from the SUN Project, a Mediterranean cohort of university graduates. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire at baseline, and biennial follow-up information about incident BC diagnosis was collected. Cases were ascertained through revision of medical charts and consultation of the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). During an average follow-up of 11.3 years, 107 incident BC cases were confirmed. The multivariable HRs (95% CI) for BC comparing extreme tertiles of energy-adjusted dietary intakes were 1.07 (0.64–1.77; Ptrend = 0.673) for vitamin A, 1.00 (0.58–1.71; Ptrend = 0.846) for vitamin C, 0.92 (0.55–1.54; Ptrend = 0.728) for vitamin E, 1.37 (0.85–2.20; Ptrend = 0.135) for selenium, and 1.01 (0.61–1.69; Ptrend = 0.939) for zinc. Stratified analyses showed an inverse association between vitamin E intake and postmenopausal BC (HRT3 vs. T1 = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14–0.86; Ptrend = 0.027). Our results did not suggest significant protective associations between dietary vitamins A, C, and E, selenium, or zinc and BC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar I. Fernandez-Lazaro
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (C.I.F.-L.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (I.A.-B.); (A.G.); (M.R.-C.); (A.R.-N.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (C.I.F.-L.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (I.A.-B.); (A.G.); (M.R.-C.); (A.R.-N.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Inmaculada Aguilera-Buenosvinos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (C.I.F.-L.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (I.A.-B.); (A.G.); (M.R.-C.); (A.R.-N.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Gea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (C.I.F.-L.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (I.A.-B.); (A.G.); (M.R.-C.); (A.R.-N.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (C.I.F.-L.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (I.A.-B.); (A.G.); (M.R.-C.); (A.R.-N.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Romanos-Nanclares
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (C.I.F.-L.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (I.A.-B.); (A.G.); (M.R.-C.); (A.R.-N.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (C.I.F.-L.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (I.A.-B.); (A.G.); (M.R.-C.); (A.R.-N.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-948-425-600 (ext. 806224)
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Morales-Suárez-Varela M, Ruiz Simon A, Blanch Tormo S, Pastor Climente I, Redondo Bautista M, Peraita-Costa I, Llopis-Morales A, Llopis-Gonzalez A. Effect of Breast Cancer Treatment on Dietary Vitamin Intake Levels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010019. [PMID: 33375141 PMCID: PMC7792964 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common tumor among women, representing the second cause of cancer deaths in women. Treatment with chemotherapy negatively interferes with nutritional status. The intake of vitamins before, during and after treatment in a pilot cohort of women with non-invasive breast cancer (type I, II) treated at the Valencian Institute of Oncology (IVO) is evaluated. A 3-day anthropometric and nutritional assessment was performed using the DIAL program. Nutritional intake is compared with the values of Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) and Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). There is an overall decrease in vitamin intake during treatment which worsens at the end of said treatment. The decrease is significant in the case of vitamins B2 (p = 0.006), B3 (p = 0.042), B5 (p = 0.001), and B8 (p = 0.021). The relative risk during and after treatment increases with respect to the reference timeframe, before treatment. Deficit risks are statistically significant in the case of vitamins B5 (p = 0.001), B8 (p = 0.001) and B12 (p = 0.001). Decreased vitamin intake during treatment suggests a negative change in the patients’ dietary behaviors during this time. Nutritional intervention and support may be beneficial to optimize overall dietary intake and maintain compliance with EAR and DRI for patients during a time in which adequate nutrition is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Morales-Suárez-Varela
- Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (I.P.-C.); (A.L.-M.); (A.L.-G.)
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-3544951; Fax: +34-96-3544954
| | - Amparo Ruiz Simon
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), 46009 Valencia, Spain; (A.R.S.); (S.B.T.)
| | - Salvador Blanch Tormo
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), 46009 Valencia, Spain; (A.R.S.); (S.B.T.)
| | - Ismael Pastor Climente
- Pharmacology Department, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), 46009 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Maximino Redondo Bautista
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Hospital Costa del Sol, 29600 Marbella, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Isabel Peraita-Costa
- Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (I.P.-C.); (A.L.-M.); (A.L.-G.)
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustin Llopis-Morales
- Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (I.P.-C.); (A.L.-M.); (A.L.-G.)
| | - Agustin Llopis-Gonzalez
- Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (I.P.-C.); (A.L.-M.); (A.L.-G.)
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Borodina I, Kenny LC, McCarthy CM, Paramasivan K, Pretorius E, Roberts TJ, van der Hoek SA, Kell DB. The biology of ergothioneine, an antioxidant nutraceutical. Nutr Res Rev 2020; 33:190-217. [PMID: 32051057 PMCID: PMC7653990 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ERG) is an unusual thio-histidine betaine amino acid that has potent antioxidant activities. It is synthesised by a variety of microbes, especially fungi (including in mushroom fruiting bodies) and actinobacteria, but is not synthesised by plants and animals who acquire it via the soil and their diet, respectively. Animals have evolved a highly selective transporter for it, known as solute carrier family 22, member 4 (SLC22A4) in humans, signifying its importance, and ERG may even have the status of a vitamin. ERG accumulates differentially in various tissues, according to their expression of SLC22A4, favouring those such as erythrocytes that may be subject to oxidative stress. Mushroom or ERG consumption seems to provide significant prevention against oxidative stress in a large variety of systems. ERG seems to have strong cytoprotective status, and its concentration is lowered in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases. It has been passed as safe by regulatory agencies, and may have value as a nutraceutical and antioxidant more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louise C. Kenny
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL8 7SS, UK
| | - Cathal M. McCarthy
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Republic of Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Kalaivani Paramasivan
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Timothy J. Roberts
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL69 7ZB, UK
| | - Steven A. van der Hoek
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL69 7ZB, UK
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Berretta M, Rinaldi L, Taibi R, Tralongo P, Fulvi A, Montesarchio V, Madeddu G, Magistri P, Bimonte S, Trovò M, Gnagnarella P, Cuomo A, Cascella M, Lleshi A, Nasti G, Facchini S, Fiorica F, Di Francia R, Nunnari G, Pellicanò GF, Guglielmino A, Danova M, Rossetti S, Amore A, Crispo A, Facchini G. Physician Attitudes and Perceptions of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM): A Multicentre Italian Study. Front Oncol 2020; 10:594. [PMID: 32411599 PMCID: PMC7202223 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) interventions are widely used by patients with chronic disorders, including cancer, and may interact with cancer treatment. Physicians are often unaware of this, probably due to poor patient-physician communication on CAM. The purpose of this study was to evaluate physicians' knowledge, attitudes and practice patterns regarding CAM in a survey conducted in Italy. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 438 physicians (11 Italian hospitals) who predominantly treat patients with chronic disease, to collect personal and professional data and information on attitudes toward CAM and its possible role in Conventional Medicine (CM). Results: Of the 438 participants, most were specialists in oncology (18%), internal medicine (17%), surgery (15%), and radiotherapy (11%). Most worked at university (44%) or research hospitals (31%). Forty-two percent of participants believed that CAM could have an integrative role within CM. Oncologists were the physicians who were best informed on CAM (58%). Physicians working at research institutes or university hospitals had a greater knowledge of CAM than those employed at general hospitals (p < 0.0001), and those who were also involved in research activity had a greater knowledge of CAM than those who were not (p < 0.003). Length of work experience was significantly related to CAM knowledge. Moreover, 55% of participants suggest CAM interventions to their patients and 44% discuss CAM with them. The best-known interventions were acupuncture, Aloe vera and high-dose vitamin C. Conclusion: CAM use by patients with chronic disease and/or cancer has become a topical issue for the scientific community and for physicians. Knowing the reasons that prompt these patients to use CAM and guiding them in their decisions would improve treatment and outcomes and also benefit healthcare systems. Our findings contribute to a greater understanding of CAM knowledge, attitudes, and practice among Italian physicians. Further research is needed to identify the more effective CAM treatments and to work toward an integrated healthcare model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - CRO, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Taibi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - CRO, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Paolo Tralongo
- Division of Medical Oncology, "Umberto I" Hospital, Siracusa, Italy
| | - Alberto Fulvi
- Division of Medical Oncology, "Gemelli" Hospital, Roman, Italy
| | | | - Giordano Madeddu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Magistri
- Department of Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bimonte
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Trovò
- Division of Radiotherapy, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gnagnarella
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Arturo Cuomo
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Cascella
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Arben Lleshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - CRO, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Guglielmo Nasti
- Division of Medical Oncology B, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Facchini
- Department of Urology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Nunnari
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Aurelio Guglielmino
- Division of Anaesthesia, Policlinico Universitario, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Danova
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, Vigevano Civic Hospital, ASST of Pavia, Vigevano, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossetti
- Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology 'Istituto Nazionale Tumori' 'Fondazione G. Pascale' IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Amore
- Division of Surgery Melanoma and Skin Cancer, 'Istituto Nazionale Tumori' 'Fondazione G. Pascale' IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Crispo
- Unit of Epidemiology, 'Istituto Nazionale Tumori' 'Fondazione G. Pascale' IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology 'Istituto Nazionale Tumori' 'Fondazione G. Pascale' IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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Enhanced Anticancer Effect of Adding Magnesium to Vitamin C Therapy: Inhibition of Hormetic Response by SVCT-2 Activation. Transl Oncol 2019; 13:401-409. [PMID: 31901552 PMCID: PMC6940627 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C, AA) is known as an antioxidant, but at high concentrations, AA can kill cancer cells through a prooxidant property. Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter family-2 (SVCT-2) determines the cellular uptake of AA, and the activity of SVCT-2 is directly related to the anticancer activity of AA. Cancer cells that showed high SVCT-2 expression levels were more sensitive to AA treatment than cancer cells with low SVCT-2 expression levels. Cells with low SVCT-2 expression showed a hormetic response to a low dose of AA. Magnesium ions, which are known to activate SVCT-2, could increase the Vmax value of SVCT-2, so we investigated whether providing magnesium supplements to cancer cells with low SVCT-2 expression that had shown a hormetic response to AA would elevate the Vmax value of SVCT-2, allowing more AA to accumulate. To evaluate the effects of magnesium on cancer cells, MgSO4 and MgCl2 were screened as magnesium supplements; both forms showed synergistic anticancer effects with AA. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that magnesium supplementation enhanced the anticancer effect of AA by inhibiting the hormetic response at a low dose. This study has also demonstrated that AA treatment with magnesium supplementation provided more effective anticancer therapy than AA treatment alone.
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15
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Pro- and Antioxidant Effects of Vitamin C in Cancer in correspondence to Its Dietary and Pharmacological Concentrations. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7286737. [PMID: 31934267 PMCID: PMC6942884 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7286737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C is an antioxidant that may scavenge reactive oxygen species preventing DNA damage and other effects important in cancer transformation. Dietary vitamin C from natural sources is taken with other compounds affecting its bioavailability and biological effects. High pharmacological doses of vitamin C may induce prooxidant effects, detrimental for cancer cells. An oxidized form of vitamin C, dehydroascorbate, is transported through glucose transporters, and cancer cells switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in energy production so an excess of vitamin C may limit glucose transport and ATP production resulting in energetic crisis and cell death. Vitamin C may change the metabolomic and epigenetic profiles of cancer cells, and activation of ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins and downregulation of pluripotency factors by the vitamin may eradicate cancer stem cells. Metastasis, the main reason of cancer-related deaths, requires breakage of anatomical barriers containing collagen, whose synthesis is promoted by vitamin C. Vitamin C induces degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor, HIF-1, essential for the survival of tumor cells in hypoxic conditions. Dietary vitamin C may stimulate the immune system through activation of NK and T cells and monocytes. Pharmacological doses of vitamin C may inhibit cancer transformation in several pathways, but further studies are needed to address both mechanistic and clinical aspects of this effect.
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A screen of Crohn's disease-associated microbial metabolites identifies ascorbate as a novel metabolic inhibitor of activated human T cells. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:457-467. [PMID: 29695840 PMCID: PMC6202286 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial metabolites are an emerging class of mediators influencing CD4+ T-cell function. To advance the understanding of direct causal microbial factors contributing to Crohn's disease, we screened 139 predicted Crohn's disease-associated microbial metabolites for their bioactivity on human CD4+ T-cell functions induced by disease-associated T helper 17 (Th17) polarizing conditions. We observed 15 metabolites with CD4+ T-cell bioactivity, 3 previously reported, and 12 unprecedented. A deeper investigation of the microbe-derived metabolite, ascorbate, revealed its selective inhibition on activated human CD4+ effector T cells, including IL-17A-, IL-4-, and IFNγ-producing cells. Mechanistic assessment suggested the apoptosis of activated human CD4+ T cells associated with selective inhibition of energy metabolism. These findings suggest a substantial rate of relevant T-cell bioactivity among Crohn's disease-associated microbial metabolites, and evidence for novel modes of bioactivity, including targeting of T-cell energy metabolism.
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17
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Tóth SZ, Lőrincz T, Szarka A. Concentration Does Matter: The Beneficial and Potentially Harmful Effects of Ascorbate in Humans and Plants. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1516-1533. [PMID: 28974112 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Ascorbate (Asc) is an essential compound both in animals and plants, mostly due to its reducing properties, thereby playing a role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and acting as a cofactor in various enzymatic reactions. Recent Advances: Growing number of evidence shows that excessive Asc accumulation may have negative effects on cellular functions both in humans and plants; inter alia it may negatively affect signaling mechanisms, cellular redox status, and contribute to the production of ROS via the Fenton reaction. CRITICAL ISSUES Both plants and humans tightly control cellular Asc levels, possibly via biosynthesis, transport, and degradation, to maintain them in an optimum concentration range, which, among other factors, is essential to minimize the potentially harmful effects of Asc. On the contrary, the Fenton reaction induced by a high-dose Asc treatment in humans enables a potential cancer-selective cell death pathway. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The elucidation of Asc induced cancer selective cell death mechanisms may give us a tool to apply Asc in cancer therapy. On the contrary, the regulatory mechanisms controlling cellular Asc levels are also to be considered, for example, when aiming at generating crops with elevated Asc levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Z Tóth
- 1 Institute of Plant Biology , Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Lőrincz
- 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Szarka
- 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Fereidani SS, Eini-Zinab H, Heidari Z, Jalali S, Sedaghat F, Rashidkhani B. Nutrient Patterns and Risk of Breast Cancer among Iranian Women: a Case- Control Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2619-2624. [PMID: 30256069 PMCID: PMC6249482 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.9.2619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the role of nutrient patterns in the etiology of breast cancer (BCa) among Iranian women. Methods: The study included 134 newly diagnosed cases of BCa and 267 hospitalized controls. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake. Nutrient patterns were obtained using principal component analysis using Varimax rotation and logistic regression was performed to estimate breast cancer risk. Results: We identified 4 major nutrient patterns. First was high in consumption of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, C, magnesium, iron, carbohydrate, fiber, selenium, zinc, protein, potassium, and calcium. The second nutrient pattern included Vitamins B12, A and cholesterol, while the third featured vitamin D, EPA and DHA. The fourth was characterized by vitamin E, MUFA and saturated fatty acids. After adjusting for age, patterns 1 and 3 were associated with a lower risk of BCa (OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.33- 0.80, P=0.003, OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.42- 0.98, P= 0.04 respectively). However, after further adjustment for all confounders in multivariate analysis, the association remained significant only for pattern 1 (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.32- 0.82, P=0.006). Conclusion: Adherence to a nutrient pattern rich in vitamin B, minerals and fiber is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Sadat Fereidani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Hormetic dose response to L-ascorbic acid as an anti-cancer drug in colorectal cancer cell lines according to SVCT-2 expression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11372. [PMID: 30054560 PMCID: PMC6063950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C, AA) exhibits anti-cancer effects with high-dose treatment through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selective damage to cancer cells. The anti-cancer effects of L-ascorbic acid are determined by sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT-2), a transporter of L-ascorbic acid. In this study, we demonstrate that L-ascorbic acid treatment showed efficient anti-cancer activity in cell lines with high expression levels of SVCT-2 for a gradient concentration of L-ascorbic acid from 10 μM −2 mM. However, in low SVCT-2 expressing cell lines, high-dose L-ascorbic acid (>1 mM) showed anti-cancer effects but low-dose (<10 μM) treatment induced cell proliferation. Such conflicting results that depend on the concentration are called a hormetic dose response. A hormetic dose response to low-dose L-ascorbic acid was also observed in high SVCT-2 expressing cell lines in the presence of a SVCT family inhibitor. Insufficient uptake of L-ascorbic acid in low SVCT-2 expressing cancer cell lines cannot generate sufficient ROS to kill cancer cells, resulting in the hormetic response. Molecular analysis confirmed the increased expression of cancer proliferation markers in the hormetic dose response. These results suggest that L-ascorbic exhibits a biphasic effect in cancer cells depending on SVCT-2 expression.
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20
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Phytotherapy and Nutritional Supplements on Breast Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7207983. [PMID: 28845434 PMCID: PMC5563402 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7207983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent type of nonskin malignancy among women worldwide. In general, conventional cancer treatment options (i.e., surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, biological therapy, and hormone therapy) are not completely effective. Recurrence and other pathologic situations are still an issue in breast cancer patients due to side effects, toxicity of drugs in normal cells, and aggressive behaviour of the tumours. From this point of view, breast cancer therapy and adjuvant methods represent a promising and challenging field for researchers. In the last few years, the use of some types of complementary medicines by women with a history of breast cancer has significantly increased such as phytotherapeutic products and nutritional supplements. Despite this, the use of such approaches in oncologic processes may be problematic and patient's health risks can arise such as interference with the efficacy of standard cancer treatment. The present review gives an overview of the most usual phytotherapeutic products and nutritional supplements with application in breast cancer patients as adjuvant approach. Regardless of the contradictory results of scientific evidence, we demonstrated the need to perform additional investigation, mainly well-designed clinical trials in order to establish correlations and allow for further validated outcomes concerning the efficacy, safety, and clinical evidence-based recommendation of these products.
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Zubair H, Azim S, Khan HY, Ullah MF, Wu D, Singh AP, Hadi SM, Ahmad A. Mobilization of Intracellular Copper by Gossypol and Apogossypolone Leads to Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Cell Death: Putative Anticancer Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060973. [PMID: 27331811 PMCID: PMC4926505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that serum, tissue and intracellular levels of copper are elevated in all types of cancer. Copper has been suggested as an important co-factor for angiogenesis. It is also a major metal ion present inside the nucleus, bound to DNA bases, particularly guanine. We have earlier proposed that the interaction of phenolic-antioxidants with intracellular copper leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that ultimately serve as DNA cleaving agents. To further validate our hypothesis we show here that the antioxidant gossypol and its semi-synthetic derivative apogossypolone induce copper-mediated apoptosis in breast MDA-MB-231, prostate PC3 and pancreatic BxPC-3 cancer cells, through the generation of ROS. MCF10A breast epithelial cells refractory to the cytotoxic property of these compounds become sensitized to treatment against gossypol, as well as apogossypolone, when pre-incubated with copper. Our present results confirm our earlier findings and strengthen our hypothesis that plant-derived antioxidants mobilize intracellular copper instigating ROS-mediated cellular DNA breakage. As cancer cells exist under significant oxidative stress, this increase in ROS-stress to cytotoxic levels could be a successful anticancer approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Zubair
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, AMU, Aligarh 202002, India.
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
| | - Shafquat Azim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, AMU, Aligarh 202002, India.
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
| | - Husain Yar Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, AMU, Aligarh 202002, India.
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, PO Box 33, 616 Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Mohammad Fahad Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, AMU, Aligarh 202002, India.
- Prince Fahad Research Chair, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk-71491, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Daocheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710048, China.
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
| | - Sheikh Mumtaz Hadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, AMU, Aligarh 202002, India.
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
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22
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Cu(II)-coumestrol interaction leads to ROS-mediated DNA damage and cell death: a putative mechanism for anticancer activity. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 33:15-27. [PMID: 27260464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens have attracted considerable interest as natural alternatives to hormone replacement therapy and their potential as cancer therapeutic agents. Among phytoestrogens, coumestrol has shown multipharmacological properties such as antiinflammatory, neuroprotective, osteoblastic differentiation and anticancer. Though several studies have described anticancer effects of coumestrol, a clear underlying molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. Unlike normal cells, cancer cells contain elevated copper levels that play an integral role in angiogenesis. Copper is an important metal ion associated with the chromatin DNA, particularly with guanine. Thus, targeting copper in cancer cells can serve as effective anticancer strategy. Using human peripheral lymphocytes, we assessed lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA damage and apoptosis by coumestrol in the presence of exogenously added Cu(II) in cells to simulate malignancy-like condition. Results showed that Cu(II)-coumestrol interaction leads to lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation (markers of oxidative stress), DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in treated lymphocytes. Further, incubation of lymphocytes with ROS scavengers and membrane-permeant copper chelator, neocuproine, resulted in inhibition of DNA damage and apoptosis. This suggests that coumestrol engages in redox cycling of Cu(II) to generate ROS that leads to DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. In conclusion, this is the first report showing that coumestrol targets cellular copper to induce prooxidant death in malignant cells. We believe that such a prooxidant cytotoxic mechanism better explains the anticancer activity of coumestrol. These findings will provide significant insights into the development of new chemical molecules with better copper-chelating and prooxidant properties against cancer cells.
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Simulating hypoxia-induced acidic environment in cancer cells facilitates mobilization and redox-cycling of genomic copper by daidzein leading to pro-oxidant cell death: implications for the sensitization of resistant hypoxic cancer cells to therapeutic challenges. Biometals 2016; 29:299-310. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Bathaie SZ, Faridi N, Nasimian A, Heidarzadeh H, Tamanoi F. How Phytochemicals Prevent Chemical Carcinogens and/or Suppress Tumor Growth? Enzymes 2015; 37:1-42. [PMID: 26298454 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are a powerful group of chemicals that are derived from natural resource, especially with plants origin. They have shown to exhibit chemoprevention and chemotherapeutic effects not only in cell lines and in animal models of cancer but also some of them are in the clinical trial phase I and II. Despite numerous reports of these phytochemical effects on cancer, an overview of the mechanisms of their action and their effects on various cellular and molecular functions important in the inhibition of cancer progression has been lacking. In this review, we attempt to catalogue various studies to examine the effect of phytochemicals in cancer initiation, promotion, signaling, and epigenetic changes. Because of the numerous studies in these topics, we only pointed out to some examples in each section.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zahra Bathaie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Nasim Faridi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nasimian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Heidarzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fuyuhiko Tamanoi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Chen Q, Polireddy K, Chen P, Dong R. The unpaved journey of vitamin C in cancer treatment. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:1055-63. [PMID: 26469874 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Effectiveness and low-toxicity to normal tissues are ideal properties for a cancer treatment, and one that numerous research programs are aiming for. Vitamin C has long been used in the field of Complementary and Alternative Medicine as a cancer treatment, with profound safety and anecdotal efficacy. Recent studies revealed the scientific basis for this use, and indicated that vitamin C, at supra-nutritional doses, holds considerable promise as an effective and low-toxic therapeutic strategy to treat cancer. Reviewed here are the early controversies surrounding vitamin C and cancer treatment, the breakthrough discoveries that led to the current advancement, and recent clinical studies, as well as research into its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics. KU Integrative Medicine, the University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS1018, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics. KU Integrative Medicine, the University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS1018, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Kishore Polireddy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics. KU Integrative Medicine, the University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS1018, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics. KU Integrative Medicine, the University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS1018, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics. KU Integrative Medicine, the University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS1018, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics. KU Integrative Medicine, the University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS1018, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Ruochen Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics. KU Integrative Medicine, the University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS1018, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics. KU Integrative Medicine, the University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS1018, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Hoffman JD, Ward WM, Loo G. Effect of antioxidants on the genotoxicity of phenethyl isothiocyanate. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:421-30. [PMID: 25681790 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates are plant-derived compounds that may be beneficial in the prevention of certain chronic diseases. Yet, by stimulating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), isothiocyanates can be genotoxic. Whether antioxidants influence isothiocyanate-induced genotoxicity is unclear, but this situation was clarified appreciably herein. In HCT116 cells, phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) increased ROS production, which was inhibited by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and deferoxamine (DFO) but not by ascorbic acid (ASC) and trolox (TRX) that were found to be more potent radical scavengers. Surprisingly, ASC and TRX each intensified the DNA damage that was caused by PEITC, but neither ASC nor TRX by themselves caused any DNA damage. In contrast, NAC and DFO each not only attenuated PEITC-induced DNA damage but also attenuated the antioxidant-intensified, PEITC-induced DNA damage. To determine if the DNA damage could be related to possible changes in the major antioxidant defence system, glutathione (GSH) was investigated. PEITC lowered GSH levels, which was prevented by NAC, whereas ASC, TRX and DFO neither inhibited nor enhanced the GSH-lowering effect of PEITC. The GSH synthesis inhibitor, buthionine sulphoxime, intensified PEITC-induced DNA damage, although by itself buthionine sulphoxime did not directly cause DNA damage. The principal findings suggest that ASC and TRX make PEITC more genotoxic, which might be exploited in killing cancer cells as one approach in killing cancer cells is to extensively damage their DNA so as to initiate apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared D Hoffman
- Department of Nutrition, Cellular and Molecular Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - William M Ward
- Department of Nutrition, Cellular and Molecular Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - George Loo
- Department of Nutrition, Cellular and Molecular Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
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Calcitriol induced redox imbalance and DNA breakage in cells sharing a common metabolic feature of malignancies: Interaction with cellular copper (II) ions leads to the production of reactive oxygen species. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:3661-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-3004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Cu(II)-vitamin D interaction leads to free radical-mediated cellular DNA damage: a novel putative mechanism for its selective cytotoxic action against malignant cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:1695-700. [PMID: 25398691 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (vit D) is a known anticancer molecule, and cancer cells are reported to have elevated levels of Cu(II) ions. In this study, we show that interaction of vit D and Cu(II) leads to the formation of hydroxyl free radicals, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, which causes severe oxidative stress, selectively in malignant cells. We show that the production of these reactive oxygen species causes cellular DNA fragmentation which may cause cell death. A novel putative chemical mechanism explaining how vit D causes cell death by DNA damage, selectively in malignant cells, is proposed.
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The plasma level of retinol, vitamins A, C and α-tocopherol could reduce breast cancer risk? A meta-analysis and meta-regression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 141:601-14. [PMID: 25316441 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plasma antioxidants are supposed to be directly related to breast cancer risk. However, the results remain inconsistent. Herein, we carried this meta-analysis to comprehensively summarize the associations between plasma retinol, vitamins A, C and α-tocopherol and breast cancer risk. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Databases (through September 24, 2014) and the reference lists of the retrieved articles in English with sufficient information to estimate relative risk or odds ratio and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs), or with mean serum/plasma level of vitamins and SD/SEM/p value in breast cancer and controls. Two reviewers independently extracted data using a standardized form, with any discrepancy adjudicated by the third reviewer. RESULTS Forty studies entered this meta-analysis. For the pooled OR, no significant association between plasma retinol and breast cancer was observed (p = 0.13). Significant association was observed between plasma α-tocopherol and breast cancer (pooled OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.25, 0.72, p = 0.00) in the subgroup with the median lowest level of 5.74-9.16 μmol/L. For the weighted mean difference (WMD), the plasma α-tocopherol and vitamin C level between breast cancer and controls were significantly different [WMD = -0.93 μmol/L (95% CI -1.26, -0.61, p = 0.00) and -2.51 μmol/L (95% CI -4.00, -1.02, p = 0.00), respectively]. No significant association between plasma retinol and vitamin A and breast cancer was observed. CONCLUSIONS Severe α-tocopherol deficiency could increase breast cancer risk. The association between plasma vitamin C and breast cancer was only significant in case-control studies. There was no significant association between other vitamins and breast cancer risk.
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Castro ML, McConnell MJ, Herst PM. Radiosensitisation by pharmacological ascorbate in glioblastoma multiforme cells, human glial cells, and HUVECs depends on their antioxidant and DNA repair capabilities and is not cancer specific. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 74:200-9. [PMID: 24992837 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that 5 mM ascorbate radiosensitized early passage radioresistant glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells derived from one patient tumor. Here we investigate the sensitivity of a panel of cell lines to 5 mM ascorbate and 6 Gy ionizing radiation, made up of three primary human GBM cells, three GBM cell lines, a human glial cell line, and primary human vascular endothelial cells. The response of different cells lines to ascorbate and/or radiation was determined by measuring viability, colony-forming ability, generation and repair of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs), cell cycle progression, antioxidant capacity and generation of reactive oxygen species. Individually, radiation and ascorbate both decreased viability and clonogenicity by inducing DNA damage, but had differential effects on cell cycle progression. Radiation led to G2/M arrest in most cells whereas ascorbate caused accumulation in S phase, which was moderately associated with poor DSB repair. While high dose ascorbate radiosensitized all cell lines in clonogenic assays, the sensitivity to radiation, high dose ascorbate, and combined treatment varied between cell lines. Normal glial cells were similar to GBM cells with respect to free radical scavenging potential and effect of treatment on DNA damage and repair, viability, and clonogenicity. Both GBM cells and normal cells coped equally poorly with oxidative stress caused by radiation and/or high dose ascorbate, dependent primarily on their antioxidant and DSB repair capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leticia Castro
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Patries M Herst
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Chatterjee A, Ronghe A, Singh B, Bhat NK, Chen J, Bhat HK. Natural antioxidants exhibit chemopreventive characteristics through the regulation of CNC b-Zip transcription factors in estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 28:529-38. [PMID: 25130429 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The objective of the present study was to characterize the role of resveratrol (Res) and vitamin C (VC) in prevention of estrogen-induced breast cancer through regulation of cap "n"collar (CNC) b-zip transcription factors. Human breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A was treated with 17β-estradiol (E2) and VC or Res with or without E2. mRNA and protein expression levels of CNC b-zip transcription factors nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 (Nrf1), nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 3 (Nrf3), and Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) were quantified. The treatment with E2 suppressed, whereas VC and Res prevented E2-mediated decrease in the expression levels of SOD3, NQO1, Nrf2 mRNA, and protein in MCF-10A cells. The treatment with E2, Res, or VC significantly increased mRNA and protein expression levels of Nrf1. 17β-Estradiol treatment significantly increased but VC or Res decreased Nrf3 mRNA and protein expression levels. Our studies demonstrate that estrogen-induced breast cancer might be prevented through upregulation of antioxidant enzymes via Nrf-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Chatterjee
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
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Khurana V, Kwatra D, Pal D, Mitra AK. Molecular expression and functional activity of vitamin C specific transport system (SVCT2) in human breast cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2014; 474:14-24. [PMID: 25102111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of this study is to investigate the expression of sodium dependent vitamin C transport system (SVCT2). Moreover, this investigation has been carried out to define uptake mechanism and intracellular regulation of ascorbic acid (AA) in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB231, T47D and ZR-75-1). Uptake of [(14)C] AA was studied in MDA-MB231, T47D and ZR-75-1 cells. Functional parameters of [(14)C] AA uptake were delineated in the presence of different concentrations of unlabeled AA, pH, temperature, metabolic inhibitors, substrates and structural analogs. Molecular identification of SVCT2 was carried out with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Uptake of [(14)C] AA was studied and found to be sodium, chloride, temperature, pH and energy dependent in all breast cancer cell lines. [(14)C] AA uptake was found to be saturable, with Km values of 53.85 ± 6.24, 49.69 ± 2.83 and 45.44 ± 3.16 μM and Vmax values of 18.45 ± 0.50, 32.50 ± 0.43 and 33.25 ± 0.53 pmol/min/mg protein, across MDA-MB231, T47D and ZR-75-1, respectively. The process is inhibited by structural analogs (l-AA and d-iso AA) but not by structurally unrelated substrates (glucose and PAHA). Ca(++)/calmodulin and protein kinase pathways appeared to play a crucial role in modulating AA uptake. A 626 bp band corresponding to a vitamin C transporter (SVCT2) based on the primer design was detected by RT-PCR analysis in all breast cancer cell lines. This research article describes AA uptake mechanism, kinetics, and regulation by sodium dependent vitamin C transporter (SVCT2) in MDA-MB231, T47D and ZR-75-1 cells. Also, MDA-MB231, T47D and ZR-75-1 cell lines can be utilized as a valuable in vitro model to investigate absorption and permeability of AA-conjugated chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Khurana
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108-2718, USA; INSYS Therapeutics Inc., 444 South Ellis Road, Chandler, AZ 85224, USA
| | - Deep Kwatra
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108-2718, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Dhananjay Pal
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108-2718, USA
| | - Ashim K Mitra
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108-2718, USA.
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Harris HR, Orsini N, Wolk A. Vitamin C and survival among women with breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:1223-31. [PMID: 24613622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between dietary vitamin C intake and breast cancer survival is inconsistent and few studies have specifically examined vitamin C supplement use among women with breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to summarise results from prospective studies on the association between vitamin C supplement use and dietary vitamin C intake and breast cancer-specific mortality and total mortality. METHODS Studies were identified using the PubMed database through February 6, 2014 and by examining the references of retrieved articles. Prospective studies were included if they reported relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for at least two categories or as a continuous exposure. Random-effects models were used to combine study-specific results. RESULTS The ten identified studies examined vitamin C supplement use (n=6) and dietary vitamin C intake (n=7) and included 17,696 breast cancer cases, 2791 total deaths, and 1558 breast cancer-specific deaths. The summary RR (95% CI) for post-diagnosis vitamin C supplement use was 0.81 (95% CI 0.72-0.91) for total mortality and 0.85 (95% CI 0.74-0.99) for breast cancer-specific mortality. The summary RR for a 100mg per day increase in dietary vitamin C intake was 0.73 (95% CI 0.59-0.89) for total mortality and 0.78 (95% CI 0.64-0.94) for breast cancer-specific mortality. CONCLUSION Results from this meta-analysis suggest that post-diagnosis vitamin C supplement use may be associated with a reduced risk of mortality. Dietary vitamin C intake was also statistically significantly associated with a reduced risk of total mortality and breast cancer-specific mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Harris
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Nicola Orsini
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Álvarez-González I, Garcia-Melo F, Vásquez-Garzón VR, Villa-Treviño S, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Morales-González JA, Mendoza-Pérez JA, Madrigal-Bujaidar E. Evaluation of blueberry juice in mouse azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypts and oxidative damage. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:379890. [PMID: 25258642 PMCID: PMC4166644 DOI: 10.1155/2014/379890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Blueberry is a plant with a number of nutritional and biomedical capabilities. In the present study we initially evaluated the capacity of its juice (BJ) to inhibit the number of aberrant crypts (AC) induced with azoxymethane (AOM) in mouse. BJ was administered daily by the oral route to three groups of animals during four weeks (1.6, 4.1, and 15.0 μL/g), respectively, while AOM (10 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to the mentioned groups, twice a week, in weeks two and three of the assay. We also included two control groups of mice, one administered distilled water and the other the high dose of BJ. A significant increase of AC was observed in the AOM treated animals, and a mean protection of 75.6% was determined with the two low doses of BJ tested; however, the high dose of the juice administered together with AOM increased the number of crypts more than four times the value observed in animals administered only AOM. Furthermore, we determined the antioxidant potential of BJ with an ex vivo DPPH assay and found a dose-dependent decrease with a mean of 19.5%. We also determined the DNA oxidation/antioxidation by identifying 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts and found a mean decrease of 44.3% with the BJ administration with respect to the level induced by AOM. Our results show a complex differential effect of BJ related to the tested doses, opening the need to further evaluate a number of factors so as to determine the possibility of a cocarcinogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isela Álvarez-González
- 1Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Avenida Wilfredo Massieu s/n, Zacatenco, Colonia, Lindavista, CP 07738, México, DF, Mexico
| | - Fernando Garcia-Melo
- 1Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Avenida Wilfredo Massieu s/n, Zacatenco, Colonia, Lindavista, CP 07738, México, DF, Mexico
| | - Verónica R. Vásquez-Garzón
- 2Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, CP 06360, México, DF, Mexico
| | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- 2Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, CP 06360, México, DF, Mexico
| | - E. Osiris Madrigal-Santillán
- 3Laboratorio de Medicina de la Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, IPN, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11340, México, DF, Mexico
| | - José A. Morales-González
- 3Laboratorio de Medicina de la Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, IPN, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11340, México, DF, Mexico
| | - Jorge A. Mendoza-Pérez
- 4Laboratorio de Química Ambiental. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Avenida Wilfredo Massieu s/n, Zacatenco, Colonia Lindavista, CP 07738, México, DF, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- 1Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Avenida Wilfredo Massieu s/n, Zacatenco, Colonia, Lindavista, CP 07738, México, DF, Mexico
- *Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar:
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Parrow NL, Leshin JA, Levine M. Parenteral ascorbate as a cancer therapeutic: a reassessment based on pharmacokinetics. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:2141-56. [PMID: 23621620 PMCID: PMC3869468 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Ewan Cameron reported that ascorbate, given orally and intravenously at doses of up to 10 g/day, was effective in the treatment of cancer. Double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials showed no survival advantage when the same doses of ascorbate were given orally, leading the medical and scientific communities to dismiss the use of ascorbate as a potential cancer treatment. However, the route of administration results in major differences in ascorbate bioavailability. Tissue and plasma concentrations are tightly controlled in response to oral administration, but this can be bypassed by intravenous administration. These data provide a plausible scientific rationale for the absence of a response to orally administered ascorbate in the Mayo clinic trials and indicate the need to reassess ascorbate as a cancer therapeutic. RECENT ADVANCES High dose ascorbate is selectively cytotoxic to cancer cell lines through the generation of extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Murine xenograft models confirm a growth inhibitory effect of pharmacological concentrations. The safety of intravenous ascorbate has been verified in encouraging pilot clinical studies. CRITICAL ISSUES Neither the selective toxicity of pharmacologic ascorbate against cancer cells nor the mechanism of H2O2-mediated cytotoxicity is fully understood. Despite promising preclinical data, the question of clinical efficacy remains. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A full delineation of mechanism is of interest because it may indicate susceptible cancer types. Effects of pharmacologic ascorbate used in combination with standard treatments need to be defined. Most importantly, the clinical efficacy of ascorbate needs to be reassessed using proper dosing, route of administration, and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermi L Parrow
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
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Rizvi A, Hasan SS, Naseem I. Selective cytotoxic action and DNA damage by calcitriol-Cu(II) interaction: putative mechanism of cancer prevention. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76191. [PMID: 24086705 PMCID: PMC3785422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is known to play an important role in cancer-prevention. One of the features associated with the onset of malignancy is the elevation of Cu (II) levels. The mode of cancer-prevention mediated by calcitriol, the biologically active form of vitamin D, remain largely unknown. METHODS Using exogenously added Cu (II) to stimulate a malignancy like condition in a novel cellular system of rabbit calcitriol overloaded lymphocytes, we assessed lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, DNA damage and consequent apoptosis. Free radical mediators were identified using free radical scavengers and the role of Cu (II) in the reaction was elucidated using chelators of redox active cellular metal ions. RESULTS Lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation (markers of oxidative stress), consequent DNA fragmentation and apoptosis were observed due to calcitriol-Cu (II) interaction. Hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions mediate oxidative stress produced during this interaction. Amongst cellular redox active metals, copper was found to be responsible for this reaction. CONCLUSION This is the first report implicating Cu (II) and calcitriol interaction as the cause of selective cytotoxic action of calcitriol against malignant cells. We show that this interaction leads to the production of oxidative stress due to free radical production and consequent DNA fragmentation, which leads to apoptosis. A putative mechanism is presented to explain this biological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - S. Saif Hasan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hockmeyer Hall of Structural Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Imrana Naseem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Vuyyuri SB, Rinkinen J, Worden E, Shim H, Lee S, Davis KR. Ascorbic acid and a cytostatic inhibitor of glycolysis synergistically induce apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67081. [PMID: 23776707 PMCID: PMC3679078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) exhibits significant anticancer activity at pharmacologic doses achievable by parenteral administration that have minimal effects on normal cells. Thus, AA has potential uses as a chemotherapeutic agent alone or in combination with other therapeutics that specifically target cancer-cell metabolism. We compared the effects of AA and combinations of AA with the glycolysis inhibitor 3-(3-pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one (3-PO) on the viability of three non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines to the effects on an immortalized lung epithelial cell line. AA concentrations of 0.5 to 5 mM caused a complete loss of viability in all NSCLC lines compared to a <10% loss of viability in the lung epithelial cell line. Combinations of AA and 3-PO synergistically enhanced cell death in all NSCLC cell lines at concentrations well below the IC50 concentrations for each compound alone. A synergistic interaction was not observed in combination treatments of lung epithelial cells and combination treatments that caused a complete loss of viability in NSCLC cells had modest effects on normal lung cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Combination treatments induced dramatically higher ROS levels compared to treatment with AA and 3-PO alone in NSCLC cells and combination-induced cell death was inhibited by addition of catalase to the medium. Analyses of DNA fragmentation, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, annexin V-binding, and caspase activity demonstrated that AA-induced cell death is caused via the activation of apoptosis and that the combination treatments caused a synergistic induction of apoptosis. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of AA against NSCLC cells and that combinations of AA with 3-PO synergistically induce apoptosis via a ROS-dependent mechanism. These results support further evaluation of pharmacologic concentrations of AA as an adjuvant treatment for NSCLC and that combination of AA with glycolysis inhibitors may be a promising therapy for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha B. Vuyyuri
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, Owensboro, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jacob Rinkinen
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, Owensboro, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Erin Worden
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, Owensboro, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Hyekyung Shim
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, Owensboro, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keith R. Davis
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, Owensboro, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- * E-mail:
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Redox cycling of endogenous copper by thymoquinone leads to ROS-mediated DNA breakage and consequent cell death: putative anticancer mechanism of antioxidants. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e660. [PMID: 23744360 PMCID: PMC3698541 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived dietary antioxidants have attracted considerable interest in recent past for their chemopreventive and cancer therapeutic abilities in animal models. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the major bioactive constituent of volatile oil of Nigella sativa and has been shown to exert various pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, analgesic, anti-neoplastic, anticancer and chemopreventive. Although several mechanisms have been suggested for the chemopreventive and anticancer activity of TQ, a clear mechanism of action of TQ has not been elucidated. TQ is a known antioxidant at lower concentrations and most of the studies elucidating the mechanism have centered on the antioxidant property. However, recent publications have shown that TQ may act as a prooxidant at higher concentrations. It is well known that plant-derived antioxidants can switch to prooxidants even at low concentrations in the presence of transition metal ions such as copper. It is well established that tissue, cellular and serum copper levels are considerably elevated in various malignancies. Copper is an important metal ion present in the chromatin and is closely associated with DNA bases, particularly guanine. Using human peripheral lymphocytes and comet assay, we first show that TQ is able to cause oxidative cellular DNA breakage. Such a DNA breakage can be inhibited by copper-chelating agents, neocuproine and bathocuproine, and scavengers of reactive oxygen species. Further, it is seen that TQ targets cellular copper in prostate cancer cell lines leading to a prooxidant cell death. We believe that such a prooxidant cytotoxic mechanism better explains the anticancer activity of plant-derived antioxidants.
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Vitamin C intake and breast cancer mortality in a cohort of Swedish women. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:257-64. [PMID: 23736027 PMCID: PMC3708583 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin C may influence cancer progression through its antioxidant properties. However, the evidence from observational epidemiologic studies on vitamin C intake and survival following breast cancer diagnosis is not consistent, and the safety of vitamin C supplements following breast cancer diagnosis has not been extensively studied. METHODS Using a food-frequency questionnaire we investigated whether vitamin C intake was associated with survival among 3405 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in the Swedish Mammography Cohort. RESULTS From 1987-2010, there were 1055 total deaths with 416 deaths from breast cancer. Women in the highest quartile of pre-diagnosis vitamin C intake had an adjusted HR (95% CI) of breast cancer death of 0.75 (0.57-0.99) compared with those in the lowest quartile (Ptrend=0.03). There was a borderline significant association between vitamin C intake and total mortality (HR=0.84; 95% CI=0.71-1.00; Ptrend=0.08). Among 717 breast cancer cases for whom post-diagnosis supplement use was available, there was no association between vitamin C supplement use (≈1000 mg) and breast cancer-specific mortality (HR=1.06; 95% CI=0.52-2.17). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that dietary vitamin C intake before breast cancer diagnosis may be associated with breast cancer survival. In addition, post-diagnosis vitamin C supplementation at the level observed in our population was not associated with survival.
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Lin Y, Liu J, Hu Y, Song X, Zhao Y. An antioxidant exopolysaccharide devoid of pro-oxidant activity produced by the soil bacterium Bordetella sp. B4. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 124:245-251. [PMID: 22989652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide (EPS) with a molecular weight of 230 kDa, was isolated from Bordetella sp. B4. The EPS was identified as linear alpha-1,6-(6-methyl)-glucan with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine branches at alpha-1, 4-linkages by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The free radical scavenging capacities of EPS on 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS(+)), H(2)O(2), -OH and lipid peroxidation were 2-, 86-, 134- and 18-fold higher than that of ascorbic acid, respectively. Compared with ascorbic acid, the EPS was more effective in preventing DNA and protein from free radical damage induced by 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH). More significantly, the EPS did not degrade DNA and protein by the pro-oxidant effect in the presence of copper ions and H(2)O(2). Furthermore, EPS could protect human umbilical vein endothelium cells (HUVECs) from high glucose-mediated damage. The production of EPS reached 10.2 g/L in the fermentation medium containing 3.0 g/L cholesterol, suggesting that Bordetella sp. B4 was a potential producer of antioxidant EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Lin
- Department of Center Laboratory, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
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Park JH, Davis KR, Lee G, Jung M, Jung Y, Park J, Yi SY, Lee MA, Lee S, Yeom CH, Kim J. Ascorbic acid alleviates toxicity of paclitaxel without interfering with the anticancer efficacy in mice. Nutr Res 2012. [PMID: 23176798 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is used extensively as a chemotherapeutic agent against a broad range of tumors but often leads to the early termination of treatment due to severe toxic side effects. In this study, we hypothesized that ascorbic acid could reduce the toxic side effects without interfering with the anticancer effect of paclitaxel. To demonstrate this, we examined the effect of the combinational treatment of ascorbic acid and paclitaxel using H1299 (a non-small cell lung cancer cell line) and BALB/c mice implanted with or without sarcoma 180 cancer cells. In H1299 cells, the anticancer effects of the combinational treatment with paclitaxel and ascorbic acid were up to 1.7-foldhigher than those of single-agent paclitaxel treatment. In addition, it was shown that the viability of the HEL299 normal cells was up to 1.6-fold higher with the combinational treatment than with paclitaxel treatment alone. In vivo mouse experiments also showed that mice co-treated with paclitaxel and ascorbic acid did not exhibit the typical side effects induced by paclitaxel, such as a reduction in the numbers of white blood cells and red blood cells and the level of hemoglobin (P < .05). The analysis of cancer-related gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry revealed that the combinational treatment suppressed cancer cell multiplication. Taken together, these results suggest that combinational chemotherapy with ascorbic acid and paclitaxel not only does not block the anticancer effects of paclitaxel but also alleviates the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Pharmacological ascorbate induces cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells through ATP depletion and induction of autophagy. Anticancer Drugs 2012; 23:437-44. [PMID: 22205155 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32834fd01f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the scientific basis for the use of intravenous (i.v.) vitamin C or ascorbic acid (ascorbate) in treating cancers, and raised the possibility of using i.v. ascorbate as a prooxidant anticancer therapy. Through the production of H2O2, pharmacologic ascorbate can induce some cancer cell death in vitro and inhibit a number of types of tumor growth in animal models. However, the mechanism of cell death triggered by ascorbate is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of pharmacological concentrations of ascorbate to human prostate cancer cells and the mechanisms involved. The results showed that ascorbate in the millimolar range induced cytotoxicity in five of the six tested prostate cancer cell lines. The IC50 values in the sensitive prostate cancer cells ranged from 1.9 to 3.5 mmol/l, concentrations clinically achievable with i.v. ascorbate use. All tested androgen-independent cells were sensitive to ascorbate treatment. The ascorbate-insensitive cell line LaPC4 is hormonally dependent. Whereas the reasons for sensitivity/resistance to ascorbate treatment need to be investigated further, cell death in sensitive cells was dependent on H2O2. Ascorbate treatment depleted ATP and induced autophagy in sensitive prostate cancer cells, resulting in cell death. Taken together with previous studies, high-dose ascorbate has the potential to be a novel treatment option to hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
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Hadi SM. Reply. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-012-1861-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bergstrom T, Ersson C, Bergman J, Moller L. Vitamins at physiological levels cause oxidation to the DNA nucleoside deoxyguanosine and to DNA--alone or in synergism with metals. Mutagenesis 2012; 27:511-7. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Rodemeister S, Nohr D, Biesalski HK. Ascorbic acid and healthy lymphocytes: a way to explain anticancer activity? Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2012; 69:1673-4; author reply 1675. [PMID: 22331302 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-012-1837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Malashikhina N, Pavlov V. DNA-decorated nanoparticles as nanosensors for rapid detection of ascorbic acid. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 33:241-6. [PMID: 22317836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
We designed an assay for rapid detection of ascorbic acid (AA) with a DNAzyme cleaving its DNA substrate in the presence of Cu(2+) and AA. The sensor consists of two DNA strands that form a complex between each other. The 5'-end of the DNAzyme binds the substrate DNA via Watson-Crick bonding and the 3'-end binds through formation of a DNA-triplex via Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding. The substrate DNA was prepared by two different methods. In the first case the nucleic acid was modified with fluorescein/dabcyl FRET pair across the cleavage site. In the second case the nucleic acid modified with fluorescein was immobilised on gold nanoparticles. DNAzyme contains a loop forming a complex with Cu(2+) ions. The oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA) with oxygen yields hydrogen peroxide. The latter interacts with Cu(2+) to give hydroxyl radicals. They break substrate DNA in close vicinity to the copper/DNA complex to separate fluorescein from gold nanoparticles leading to the increase in fluorescence intensity. Use of substrate DNA modified with the fluorescein/dabcyl couple allowed to measure AA concentration within 3 min with the detection limit of 2.5 μM. Employment of gold nanoparticles decorated with fluorescein-modified DNA allowed to improve the detection limit of AA quantification by two orders of magnitude due to enhanced cleavage of DNA catalysed by Au clusters. Fructose, sucrose, glucose, urea, and citric acid did not interfere with our assay even at concentration of 1mM. Good selectivity allowed us to apply our rapid and sensitive assays to detection of AA in vitamin C tablets, urine and orange juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Malashikhina
- Biofunctional Nanomaterials Department, CIC biomaGUNE, Parque tecnológico de San Sebastian, Paseo Miramon 182, Donostia - San Sebastian 20009, Spain
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Du T, Caragounis A, Parker SJ, Meyerowitz J, La Fontaine S, Kanninen KM, Perreau VM, Crouch PJ, White AR. A potential copper-regulatory role for cytosolic expression of the DNA repair protein XRCC5. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:2060-72. [PMID: 21971347 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) has a critical role in the generation of oxidative stress during neurodegeneration and cancer. Reactive oxygen species generated through abnormal elevation or deficiency of Cu can lead to lipid, protein, and DNA damage. Oxidation of DNA can induce strand breaks and is associated with altered cell fate including transformation or death. DNA repair is mediated through the action of the multimeric DNA-PK repair complex. The components of this complex are the Ku autoantigens, XRCC5 and XRCC6 (Ku80 and Ku70, respectively). How this repair complex responds to perturbed Cu homeostasis and Cu-mediated oxidative stress has not been investigated. We previously reported that XRCC5 expression is altered in response to cellular Cu levels, with low Cu inhibiting XRCC5 expression and high Cu levels enhancing expression. In this study we further investigated the interaction between XRCC5 and Cu. We report that cytosolic XRCC5 is increased in response to Cu, but not zinc, iron, or nickel, and the level of cytosolic XRCC5 correlates with protection against oxidative damage to DNA. These observations were made in both HeLa cells and fibroblasts. Cytosolic XRCC5 interacted with the Cu chaperone and detoxification protein human Atox1 homologue (HAH), and down regulation of XRCC5 expression using siRNA led to enhanced HAH expression when cells were exposed to Cu. XRCC5 could also be purified from cytosolic extracts using a Cu-loaded column. These findings provide further evidence that cytosolic XRCC5 has a key role in protection against DNA oxidation from Cu, through either direct sequestration or signaling through other Cu-detoxification molecules. Our findings have important implications for the development of therapeutic treatments targeting Cu in neurodegeneration and/or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Du
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Jariyawat S, Thammapratip T, Suksen K, Wanitchakool P, Nateewattana J, Chairoungdua A, Suksamrarn A, Piyachaturawat P. Induction of apoptosis in murine leukemia by diarylheptanoids from Curcuma comosa Roxb. Cell Biol Toxicol 2011; 27:413-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-011-9196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Fulan H, Changxing J, Baina WY, Wencui Z, Chunqing L, Fan W, Dandan L, Dianjun S, Tong W, Da P, Yashuang Z. Retinol, vitamins A, C, and E and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22:1383-96. [PMID: 21761132 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-011-9811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To comprehensively summarize the associations between retinol, vitamins A, C, and E and breast cancer, and quantitatively estimate their dose-response relationships. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases (from January 1982 to 15 March 2011) and the references of the relevant articles in English with sufficient information to estimate relative risk or odds ratio and the 95% confidence intervals, and comparable categories of vitamins. Two reviewers independently extracted data using a standardized form, with any discrepancy adjudicated by the third reviewer. RESULTS Overall, 51 studies met the inclusion criteria. Comparing the highest with the lowest intake, total vitamin A intake reduced the breast cancer risk by 17% (pooled OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.78-0.88). Further subgroup analysis based on study design did not change the significant reduction. Although the dietary vitamin A, dietary vitamin E, and total vitamin E intake all reduced breast cancer risk significantly when data from all studies were pooled, the results became nonsignificant when data from cohort studies were pooled. The significant association between total retinol intake and breast cancer in all studies became nonsignificant in case-control studies but remain significant in cohort studies. No significant dose-response relationship was observed in the higher intake of these vitamins with reduced breast cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that both the total intake of vitamin A and retinol could reduce breast cancer risk. However, associations between other vitamins and breast cancer seem to be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Fulan
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157, Baojian Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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