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Madahar SS, Gideon A, Abdul-Sater AA. Nod-like receptors in inflammatory arthritis. Biomed J 2024; 47:100655. [PMID: 37598797 PMCID: PMC10825342 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are innate immune receptors that play a key role in sensing components from pathogens and from damaged cells or organelles. NLRs form signaling complexes that can lead to activation of transcription factors or effector caspases - by means of inflammasome activation -Inflammatory arthritis (IA) culminating in promoting inflammation. An increasing body of research supports the role of NLRs in driving pathogenesis of IA, a collection of diseases that include rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis, and pediatric arthritis. In this review, we briefly discuss the main drivers of IA diseases and dive into the evidence for - and against - various NLRs in driving these diseases. We also review the studies examining the use of NLR and inflammasome inhibitors as potential therapies for IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahib Singh Madahar
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alita Gideon
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali A Abdul-Sater
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Aravilli RK, Vikram SL, Kohila V. The Functional Impact of Alternative Splicing and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:1014-1029. [PMID: 33001009 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666201001142416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genomics and proteomics aid the identification of genes associated with various diseases. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified multiple loci as risk alleles for susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). A bisection of RA risk can be attributed to genetic factors. Over 100 associated genetic loci that encompass immune regulatory factors have been found to be linked with RA. Aberrant Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and alternative splicing mechanisms in such loci induce RA. These aberrations are viewed as potential therapeutic targets due to their association with a multitude of diseases. This review presents a few imperious genes whose alterations can cause severe bone deformities culminating in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kowshik Aravilli
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, India
| | - S Laveen Vikram
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - V Kohila
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, India
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3
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Voisinne G, Kersse K, Chaoui K, Lu L, Chaix J, Zhang L, Goncalves Menoita M, Girard L, Ounoughene Y, Wang H, Burlet-Schiltz O, Luche H, Fiore F, Malissen M, Gonzalez de Peredo A, Liang Y, Roncagalli R, Malissen B. Quantitative interactomics in primary T cells unveils TCR signal diversification extent and dynamics. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1530-1541. [PMID: 31591574 PMCID: PMC6859066 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The activation of T cells by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) results in the formation of signaling protein complexes (signalosomes), the composition of which has not been analyzed at a systems level. Here, we isolated primary CD4+ T cells from 15 gene-targeted mice, each expressing one tagged form of a canonical protein of the TCR-signaling pathway. Using affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry, we analyzed the composition and dynamics of the signalosomes assembling around each of the tagged proteins over 600 s of TCR engagement. We showed that the TCR signal-transduction network comprises at least 277 unique proteins involved in 366 high-confidence interactions, and that TCR signals diversify extensively at the level of the plasma membrane. Integrating the cellular abundance of the interacting proteins and their interaction stoichiometry provided a quantitative and contextual view of each documented interaction, permitting anticipation of whether ablation of a single interacting protein can impinge on the whole TCR signal-transduction network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Voisinne
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Kristof Kersse
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Karima Chaoui
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Département Biologie Structurale Biophysique, Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi Pyrénées CNRS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Liaoxun Lu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Laboratory of Mouse Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Julie Chaix
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Lichen Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Marisa Goncalves Menoita
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Laura Girard
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France.,Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Marseille, France
| | - Youcef Ounoughene
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Département Biologie Structurale Biophysique, Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi Pyrénées CNRS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Luche
- Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Immunophenomics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Frédéric Fiore
- Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France.,Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Immunophenomics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Anne Gonzalez de Peredo
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Département Biologie Structurale Biophysique, Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi Pyrénées CNRS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Yinming Liang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China. .,Laboratory of Immunophenomics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Romain Roncagalli
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France.
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France. .,Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Marseille, France. .,Laboratory of Immunophenomics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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4
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Lee C, Rhee I. Important roles of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN12 in tumor progression. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:73-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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5
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Shaik NA, Banaganapalli B. Computational Molecular Phenotypic Analysis of PTPN22 (W620R), IL6R (D358A), and TYK2 (P1104A) Gene Mutations of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Genet 2019; 10:168. [PMID: 30899276 PMCID: PMC6416176 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of bone joints caused by the complex interplay between several factors like body physiology, the environment with genetic background. The recent meta-analysis of GWAS has expanded the total number of RA-associated loci to more than 100, out of which approximately ∼97% (98 variants) loci are located in non-coding regions, and the other ∼3% (3 variants) are in three different non-HLA genes, i.e., TYK2 (Prp1104Ala), IL6R (Asp358Ala), and PTPN22 (Trp620Arg). However, whether these variants prompt changes in the protein phenotype with regards to its stability, structure, and interaction with other molecules, remains unknown. Thus, we selected the three clinically pathogenic variants described above, as positive controls and applied diverse computational methods to scrutinize if those mutations cause changes in the protein phenotype. Both wild type and mutant protein structures of PTPN22 (W620R), IL6R (D358A), and TYK2 (P1104A) were modeled and studied for structural deviations. Furthermore, we have also studied the secondary structure characteristics, solvent accessibility and stability, and the molecular interaction deformities caused by the amino acid substitutions. We observed that simple nucleotide predictions of SIFT, PolyPhen, CADD and FATHMM yields mixed findings in screening the RA-missense variants which showed a ≥P-value threshold of 5 × 10-8 in genome wide association studies. However, structure-based analysis confirms that mutant structures shows subtle but significant changes at their core regions, but their functional domains seems to lose wild type like functional interaction. Our findings suggest that the multidirectional computational analysis of clinically potential RA-mutations could act as a primary screening step before undertaking functional biology assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Ahmad Shaik
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Babajan Banaganapalli
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Welter M, Volanski W, Alberton D, França SN, Picheth G, de Moraes Rego FG. Polymorphism rs2476601 in the PTPN22 gene is associated with type 1 diabetes in children from the South Region of Brazil. Gene 2018; 650:15-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Galvani G, Fousteri G. PTPN22 and islet-specific autoimmunity: What have the mouse models taught us? World J Diabetes 2017; 8:330-336. [PMID: 28751955 PMCID: PMC5507829 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v8.i7.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An allelic variant of the protein tyrosin phosphatase non-receptor 22 (PTPN22) gene, PTPN22 R620W, constitutes the strongest non-HLA genetic risk factor for the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). A number of studies using mouse models have addressed how PTPN22 predisposes to T1D. PTPN22 downmodulation, overexpression or expression of the variant gene in genetically manipulated mice has generated controversial results. These discrepancies probably derive from the fact that PTPN22 has differential effects on innate and adaptive immune responses. Moreover, the effects of PTPN22 are dependent on other genetic variables. Here we discuss these findings and try to explain the discrepancies. Exploring the mechanism by which PTPN22 contributes to islet-specific autoimmunity could help us understand its role in T1D pathogenesis and exploit it as a potential therapeutic target to prevent the disease.
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Gene Expression Profiles of Human Phosphotyrosine Phosphatases Consequent to Th1 Polarisation and Effector Function. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:8701042. [PMID: 28393080 PMCID: PMC5368384 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8701042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphotyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) constitute a complex family of enzymes that control the balance of intracellular phosphorylation levels to allow cell responses while avoiding the development of diseases. Despite the relevance of CD4 T cell polarisation and effector function in human autoimmune diseases, the expression profile of PTPs during T helper polarisation and restimulation at inflammatory sites has not been assessed. Here, a systematic analysis of the expression profile of PTPs has been carried out during Th1-polarising conditions and upon PKC activation and intracellular raise of Ca2+ in effector cells. Changes in gene expression levels suggest a previously nonnoted regulatory role of several PTPs in Th1 polarisation and effector function. A substantial change in the spatial compartmentalisation of ERK during T cell responses is proposed based on changes in the dose of cytoplasmic and nuclear MAPK phosphatases. Our study also suggests a regulatory role of autoimmune-related PTPs in controlling T helper polarisation in humans. We expect that those PTPs that regulate T helper polarisation will constitute potential targets for intervening CD4 T cell immune responses in order to generate new therapies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Hedjoudje A, Cheurfa C, Briquez C, Zhang A, Koch S, Vuitton L. rs2476601 polymorphism in PTPN22 is associated with Crohn's disease but not with ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis of 16,838 cases and 13,356 controls. Ann Gastroenterol 2017; 30:197-208. [PMID: 28243041 PMCID: PMC5320033 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2017.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the rs2476601 polymorphism of PTPN22 has been reported to be a susceptibility gene for Crohn’s disease (CD), results from different studies vary and remain inconclusive. Also, no association has been found between rs2476601 and the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between this PTPN22 polymorphism (rs2476601) and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease, UC and CD. Methods We performed a meta-analysis by identifying relevant candidate gene-based studies from EMBASE and MEDLINE. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to estimate the strength of associations between rs2476601 and inflammatory bowel diseases, using a fixed effect or random effect model. Publication bias was also assessed. Results By pooling 14 different studies, 13,356 controls, 8182 patients with CD, and 8656 with UC were included. We found that the T allele of PTPN22 was not significantly associated with a higher risk of developing UC (OR 1.06, 95%CI 0.98-1.14) but was associated with a decreased risk of developing CD (OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.17-1.40). The T allele in rs2476601 lowered the risk of CD by 22%. Conclusion This study shows that PTPN22 (rs2476601) is significantly associated with the risk of developing CD, but has no association with UC. This suggests that these diseases have different pathways involved in their pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Hedjoudje
- Gastro-entérologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon (Abdellah Hedjoudje, Clément Briquez, Stéphane Koch, Lucine Vuitton); Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris (Chérifa Cheurfa)
| | - Chérifa Cheurfa
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris (Chérifa Cheurfa); Anésthésie réanimation, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France (Chérifa Cheurfa)
| | - Clément Briquez
- Gastro-entérologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon (Abdellah Hedjoudje, Clément Briquez, Stéphane Koch, Lucine Vuitton)
| | - Allen Zhang
- Johns Hopkins University Evidence-based Practice Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States (Allen Zhang)
| | - Stéphane Koch
- Gastro-entérologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon (Abdellah Hedjoudje, Clément Briquez, Stéphane Koch, Lucine Vuitton)
| | - Lucine Vuitton
- Gastro-entérologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon (Abdellah Hedjoudje, Clément Briquez, Stéphane Koch, Lucine Vuitton)
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Narasimha VR, Panati K, Reddy MG, Narala VR. Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene polymorphism in pulmonary tuberculosis in the Indian population. Int J Mycobacteriol 2016; 5:346-350. [PMID: 27847023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A variant of the protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene is known to be associated with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases and bacterial infections as it acts as an important regulator of T-cell activation. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether PTPN22-C1858T polymorphism is associated with the resistance to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Single-nucleotide polymorphism of PTPN22-C1858T (rs2476601) was genotyped in 124 patients with PTB and 130 healthy controls from India using restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing of the amplified DNA. The frequencies of genotypes CC, CT, and TT were 100%, 0%, and 0%, respectively, in PTB; and 99.2%, 0.8% and 0%, respectively, in healthy control individuals. These values did not differ significantly between the patients and controls. The mutant allele C1858T was found to be a rare allele in Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalpana Panati
- Department of Biotechnology, Government College for Men, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Abbasi Z, Kazemi Nezhad SR, Pourmahdi-Broojeni M, Rajaei E. Association of PTPN22 rs2476601 Polymorphism with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Celiac Disease in Khuzestan Province, Southwestern Iran. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 21:61-6. [PMID: 27215233 PMCID: PMC5141256 DOI: 10.6091/.21.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2476601 within protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 gene (PTPN22) has been shown to be a risk factor for different autoimmune diseases. This study explored the association of 1858 C/T SNP with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and celiac disease (CD) in a region covering south-west of Iran. Methods: Totally, 52 patients with CD, 120 patients with RA, and 120 healthy subjects were selected. The samples were genotyped for the rs2476601 in PTPN22 gene using the tetra-amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction. Results: The frequency of +1858T risk allele was significantly increased in both RA (P=0.021, OR=2.56, 95%CI=1.19-5.47) and CD (P=0.002, OR=3.87, 95%CI=1.68-8.95) patients, as compared to the control group. However, no association was found between the +1858C/T PTPN22 gene SNP and the anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide and rheumatoid factor positivity in RA patients. Conclusions: PTPN22 gene could play a crucial role in people’s susceptibility to certain autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abbasi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Pourmahdi-Broojeni
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elham Rajaei
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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12
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The functional PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism confers risk for rheumatoid arthritis in patients from Central Mexico. Clin Rheumatol 2016; 35:1457-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-016-3223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Wenzlau JM, Fain PR, Gardner TJ, Frisch LM, Annibale B, Hutton JC. ATPase4A Autoreactivity and Its Association With Autoimmune Phenotypes in the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium Study. Diabetes Care 2015; 38 Suppl 2:S29-36. [PMID: 26405069 PMCID: PMC4582907 DOI: 10.2337/dcs15-2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autoantibodies targeting the H+/K+-ATPase proton pump of the gastric parietal cell (parietal cell antibodies [PCA]) are diagnostic of atrophic body gastritis (ABG) leading to pernicious anemia (PA). PCA, ABG, and PA occur in increased frequency in patients with type 1 diabetes and their relatives and are considered "minor" components of forms of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS). A customized radioimmunoprecipitation assay was applied to 6,749 samples from the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium to measure ATP4A autoreactivity. Autoantibody prevalence was correlated with variants in HLA class II, PTPN22, and CTLA4 genes. With an ATP4A radioimmunoprecipitation assay, PCA were detected in sera from 20.9% of affected individuals. PCA prevalence increased with age and was greater in females (25.3%) than males (16.5%) and among Hispanics (36.3%) and blacks (26.2%) compared with non-Hispanic whites (20.8%) and Asians (16.7%). PCA and other organ-specific autoantibodies GAD65, IA-2, thyroid peroxidase (TPO), 21-hydroxylase (21-OH), and transglutaminase (TG) clustered within families with heritability estimates from 71 to 95%. PCA clustered with TPO, 21-OH, and persistent GAD65 autoantibodies but not with celiac (TG) or IA-2 autoantibodies. PCA-positive subjects showed an increased frequency of DRB1*0404, DPB1*0201, and PTPN22 R620W (rs2476601-T) and a decreased frequency of DRB1*0101, DPB1*0301, and CTLA4 CT60 (rs3087243-T). Genetic variants accounted for 4-5% of the heritable risk for PCA. The same alleles were associated with other autoantibody phenotypes in a consistent pattern. Whereas most of the heritable risk for PCA and other antibodies reflects genetic effects that are tissue specific, parietal cell autoimmunity is a major pathogenetic contributor in APS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Wenzlau
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Pamela R Fain
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Thomas J Gardner
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Lisa M Frisch
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Bruno Annibale
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, University "La Sapienza," Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - John C Hutton
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
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Fousteri G, Jofra T, Di Fonte R, Gagliani N, Morsiani C, Stabilini A, Battaglia M. Lack of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 strengthens transplant tolerance to pancreatic islets in mice. Diabetologia 2015; 58:1319-28. [PMID: 25748328 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 (PTPN22) plays a central role in T cell, B cell and innate immune cell signalling. A genetic variation in Ptpn22 is considered a major risk factor for the development of type 1 diabetes and has been the subject of extensive study. While several reports have addressed how Ptpn22 might predispose to autoimmunity, its involvement in other immune-mediated diseases, such as allograft rejection, has not been explored. METHODS To address a possible function for Ptpn22 in allograft rejection, we used a mouse model of pancreatic islet transplantation. We performed transplant tolerance experiments and determined how PTPN22 shapes tolerance induction and maintenance. RESULTS Ptpn22 (-/-) recipient mice generate higher numbers of alloreactive T cells after allogeneic pancreatic islet transplantation compared with wild-type (WT) mice, but reject grafts with similar kinetics. This is not only due to their well-documented increase in forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3)(+) T regulatory (Treg) cells but also to the expansion of T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells caused by the lack of PTPN22. In addition, a tolerogenic treatment known to induce transplant tolerance in WT mice via Tr1 cell generation is more effective in Ptpn22 (-/-) mice as a consequence of boosting both Tr1 and FOXP3(+) Treg cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION A lack of PTPN22 strengthens transplant tolerance to pancreatic islets by expanding both FOXP3(+) Treg and Tr1 cells. These data suggest that targeting PTPN22 could serve to boost transplant tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Fousteri
- Division of Immunology Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy,
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15
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Genetics of serum concentration of IL-6 and TNFα in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis: a candidate gene analysis. Clin Rheumatol 2015; 34:1375-82. [PMID: 25652333 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-015-2881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of inflammatory mediators are characteristic of autoimmune disease accompanied by chronic or recurrent inflammation. We examined the hypothesis that mediators of inflammation known to be elevated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are associated with genetic polymorphism previously identified in studies of inflammatory disease. Serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) concentrations in patients with SLE (n = 117) or RA (n = 164) and in inflammatory disease-free control subjects (n = 172) were measured by multiplex ELISA. Candidate genes were chosen from studies of autoimmune and inflammatory disease. Genotypes were determined for 345 SNP markers in 75 genes. Association between serum analytes and single alleles was tested by linear regression. Polymorphisms in several genes were associated with IL-6 levels (including IL10, TYK2, and CD40L in SLE and DRB1, NOD2, and CSF1 in RA) or with TNFα levels (including TNFSF4 and CSF2 in SLE and PTPN2, DRB1, and NOD2 in RA). Some associations were shared between disease and control groups or between IL-6 and TNFα within a group. In conclusion, variation in genes implicated in disease pathology is associated with serum IL-6 or TNFα concentration. Some genetic associations are more apparent in healthy controls than in SLE or RA, suggesting dysregulation of the principal mediators of chronic inflammation in disease. Susceptibility genes may affect inflammatory response with variable effect on disease etiology.
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Gupta U, Mir SS, Chauhan T, Garg N, Agarwal SK, Pande S, Mittal B. Influence of protein tyrosine phosphatase gene (PTPN22) polymorphisms on rheumatic heart disease susceptibility in North Indian population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 84:492-6. [DOI: 10.1111/tan.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Gupta
- Department of Genetics; Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS); Lucknow India
- Department of Biosciences; Integral University; Lucknow India
| | - S. S. Mir
- Department of Biosciences; Integral University; Lucknow India
| | - T. Chauhan
- Department of Genetics; Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS); Lucknow India
| | - N. Garg
- Department of Cardiology; Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS); Lucknow India
| | - S. K. Agarwal
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery; Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS); Lucknow India
| | - S. Pande
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery; Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS); Lucknow India
| | - B. Mittal
- Department of Genetics; Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS); Lucknow India
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Wu DJ, Zhou W, Enouz S, Orrú V, Stanford SM, Maine CJ, Rapini N, Sawatzke K, Engel I, Fiorillo E, Sherman LA, Kronenberg M, Zehn D, Peterson E, Bottini N. Autoimmunity-associated LYP-W620 does not impair thymic negative selection of autoreactive T cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86677. [PMID: 24498279 PMCID: PMC3911918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A C1858T (R620W) variation in the PTPN22 gene encoding the tyrosine phosphatase LYP is a major risk factor for human autoimmunity. LYP is a known negative regulator of signaling through the T cell receptor (TCR), and murine Ptpn22 plays a role in thymic selection. However, the mechanism of action of the R620W variant in autoimmunity remains unclear. One model holds that LYP-W620 is a gain-of-function phosphatase that causes alterations in thymic negative selection and/or thymic output of regulatory T cells (Treg) through inhibition of thymic TCR signaling. To test this model, we generated mice in which the human LYP-W620 variant or its phosphatase-inactive mutant are expressed in developing thymocytes under control of the proximal Lck promoter. We found that LYP-W620 expression results in diminished thymocyte TCR signaling, thus modeling a "gain-of-function" of LYP at the signaling level. However, LYP-W620 transgenic mice display no alterations of thymic negative selection and no anomalies in thymic output of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Treg were detected in these mice. Lck promoter-directed expression of the human transgene also causes no alteration in thymic repertoire or increase in disease severity in a model of rheumatoid arthritis, which depends on skewed thymic selection of CD4(+) T cells. Our data suggest that a gain-of-function of LYP is unlikely to increase risk of autoimmunity through alterations of thymic selection and that LYP likely acts in the periphery perhaps selectively in regulatory T cells or in another cell type to increase risk of autoimmunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arginine/genetics
- Autoimmunity
- CD4 Antigens/immunology
- CD4 Antigens/metabolism
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation, Missense
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22/immunology
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Thymocytes/immunology
- Thymocytes/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
- Tryptophan/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J. Wu
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Wenbo Zhou
- Center for Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sarah Enouz
- Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, Epalinges, and Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Orrú
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Stephanie M. Stanford
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Christian J. Maine
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Novella Rapini
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kristy Sawatzke
- Center for Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Isaac Engel
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Edoardo Fiorillo
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Linda A. Sherman
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Mitch Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, Epalinges, and Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erik Peterson
- Center for Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences between populations might be reflected in their different genetic risk maps to complex diseases, for example, inflammatory bowel disease. We here investigated the role of known inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a subset of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) from the Northeastern European countries Lithuania and Latvia and evaluated possible epistatic interactions between these genetic variants. METHODS We investigated 77 SNPs derived from 5 previously published genome-wide association studies for Crohn's disease and UC. Our study panel comprised 444 Lithuanian and Latvian patients with UC and 1154 healthy controls. Single marker case-control association and SNP-SNP epistasis analyses were performed. RESULTS We found 14 SNPs tagging 9 loci, including 21q21.1, NKX2-3, MST1, the HLA region, 1p36.13, IL10, JAK2, ORMDL3, and IL23R, to be associated with UC. Interestingly, the association of UC with previously identified variants in the HLA region was not the strongest association in our study (P = 4.34 × 10, odds ratio [OR] = 1.25), which is in contrast to all previously published studies. No association with any disease subphenotype was found. SNP-SNP interaction analysis showed significant epistasis between SNPs in the PTPN22 (rs2476601) and C13orf31 (rs3764147) genes and increased risk for UC (P = 1.64 × 10, OR = 2.44). The association has been confirmed in the Danish study group (P = 0.04, OR = 3.25). CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the association of the 9 loci (21q21.1, 1p36.13, NKX2-3, MST1, the HLA region, IL10, JAK2, ORMDL3, and IL23R) with UC in the Lithuanian-Latvian population. SNP-SNP interaction analyses showed that the combination of SNPs in the PTPN22 (rs2476601) and C13orf31 (rs3764147) genes increase the risk for UC.
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Chen Z, Zhang H, Xia B, Wang P, Jiang T, Song M, Wu J. Association of PTPN22 gene (rs2488457) polymorphism with ulcerative colitis and high levels of PTPN22 mRNA in ulcerative colitis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2013; 28:1351-8. [PMID: 23456301 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-013-1671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our aims were to evaluate protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene polymorphisms in ulcerative colitis (UC) and explore PTPN22 mRNA levels in colonic biopsies of UC patients in central China. METHODS A total of 165 Chinese UC patients and 300 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. PTPN22 -1123G/C, +1858C/T, and +788G/A polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. PTPN22 mRNA expressions in colonic biopsies and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were determined by quantitative PCR and immunonephelometry, respectively. RESULTS The frequency of C carrier was higher in UC patients than in healthy controls (66.7 vs. 53.3%, P = 0.005, odds ratios = 1.75, 95% CI 1.18-2.60) and associated with extensive colitis (P = 0.029). PTPN22 mRNA levels were elevated in UC patients than in healthy controls (P < 0.001). Among UC patients, PTPN22 mRNA expression levels were higher in biopsies of inflamed colonic tissue compared with noninflamed tissue (P < 0.001) and were correlated with CRP levels (r = 0.578, P < 0.001). PTPN22 mRNA expression levels were elevated in extensive colitis compared to proctitis (P = 0.008) and to left-sided colitis (P = 0.029) and were higher in moderate and severe disease than in mild disease (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed the potential association between PTPN22 -1123G/C polymorphism and UC in central China. PTPN22 mRNA levels were highly expressed in UC, especially in active disease, and were correlated with CRP levels, disease location, and disease severity in UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Sheng Li Street 26, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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20
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Klein R, Marx A, Ströbel P, Schalke B, Nix W, Willcox N. Autoimmune associations and autoantibody screening show focused recognition in patient subgroups with generalized myasthenia gravis. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:1184-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Goronzy JJ, Li G, Yang Z, Weyand CM. The janus head of T cell aging - autoimmunity and immunodeficiency. Front Immunol 2013; 4:131. [PMID: 23761790 PMCID: PMC3671290 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune aging is best known for its immune defects that increase susceptibility to infections and reduce adaptive immune responses to vaccination. In parallel, the aged immune system is prone to autoimmune responses and many autoimmune diseases increase in incidence with age or are even preferentially encountered in the elderly. Why an immune system that suboptimally responds to exogenous antigen fails to maintain tolerance to self-antigens appears to be perplexing. In this review, we will discuss age-associated deviations in the immune repertoire and the regulation of signaling pathways that may shed light on this conundrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg J Goronzy
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , USA ; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veteran Administration Health Care System , Palo Alto, CA , USA
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Chen ZT, Wu J, Wang P, Zhang H, Xia B, Huang XD. Association between protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 gene rs2488457 polymorphism and ulcerative colitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:1462-1467. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i15.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the association between protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene polymorphisms (-1123G/C in the promoter and +788G/A in exon 10) and disease susceptibility and phenotypes of ulcerative colitis (UC), and to investigate PTPN22 mRNA expression in colonic biopsies of UC patients.
METHODS: A total of 165 UC patients and 300 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. PTPN22 gene -1123G/C and +788G/A polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism. PTPN22 mRNA expression in colonic biopsies of UC patients and controls was determined by quantitative RT-PCR.
RESULTS: The frequencies of "CC + CG" genotypes and C allele were higher in UC patients than in healthy controls (66.7% vs 53.3%, P = 0.005, OR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.18-2.60; 41.5% vs 33.5%, P = 0.015, OR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.07-1.86), and were associated with extensive colitis (P = 0.029). In UC patients, PTPN22 mRNA expression levels were elevated in active disease compared to inactive disease (P = 0.005). There was no association between PTPN22 mRNA expression levels and -1123G/C polymorphism in UC patients. PTPN22 gene +788G/A polymorphism did not show any association with UC.
CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates a potential association between PTPN22 -1123G/C polymorphism and UC in central China. PTPN22 mRNA is highly expressed in active UC, suggesting that PTPN22 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of UC.
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23
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Mainardi-Novo DTO, Santos AS, Fukui RT, Gamberini M, Correia MRS, Ruiz MO, Mangueira CLP, Matioli SR, Vasconcelos DM, Silva MER. The PTPN22 1858T allele but not variants in the proximal promoter region of IL-21 gene is associated with the susceptibility to type 1 diabetes and the presence of autoantibodies in a Brazilian cohort. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 172:16-22. [PMID: 23480181 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-21 and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 (PTPN22) regulate lymphocyte function and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes. We sequenced the proximal promoter of the IL-21 gene for the first time and analysed the PTPN22 1858T polymorphism in type 1A diabetes (T1AD) patients and healthy controls (HC). We correlated the frequencies of islet and extra-pancreatic autoantibodies with genotypes from both loci. The case series comprised 612 T1AD patients and 792 HC. Genotyping of PTPN22 C1858T was performed on 434 T1AD patients and 689 HC. The -448 to +83 base pairs (bp) region of the IL-21 gene was sequenced in 309 Brazilian T1AD and 189 HC subjects. We also evaluated human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DR3/DR4 alleles. The frequencies of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), tyrosine phosphatase-like protein (IA)-2, anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), thyroglobulin (TG), thyrotrophin receptor autoantibody (TRAb), anti-smooth muscle (ASM) and 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) autoantibodies were higher in T1AD patients than in HC. The PTPN22 1858T allele was associated with an increased risk for developing T1AD [odds ratio (OR) = 1·94; P < 0·001], particularly in patients of European ancestry, and with a higher frequency of GAD65 and TG autoantibodies. HLA-DR3/DR4 alleles predominated in T1AD patients. A heterozygous allelic IL-21 gene variant (g.-241 T > A) was found in only one patient. In conclusion, only PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism and HLA-DR3 and/or DR4 alleles, but not allelic variants in the 5'-proximal region of the IL-21 gene were associated with T1AD risk. Patients with T1AD had increased frequencies of anti-islet-cell, anti-thyroid, anti-nuclear, anti-smooth muscle and anti-21-OH autoantibodies. The C1858T PTPN22 polymorphism was also associated with a higher frequency of GAD65 and TG autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T O Mainardi-Novo
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 18 (LIM-18), Hospital das Clínicas-Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Unidade de Diabetes, São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Tautz L, Critton DA, Grotegut S. Protein tyrosine phosphatases: structure, function, and implication in human disease. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1053:179-221. [PMID: 23860656 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-562-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a key regulatory mechanism in eukaryotic cell physiology. Aberrant expression or function of protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases can lead to serious human diseases, including cancer, diabetes, as well as cardiovascular, infectious, autoimmune, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we give an overview of the protein tyrosine phosphatase superfamily with its over 100 members in humans. We review their structure, function, and implications in human diseases, and discuss their potential as novel drug targets, as well as current challenges and possible solutions to developing therapeutics based on these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Tautz
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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26
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Stanford SM, Rapini N, Bottini N. Regulation of TCR signalling by tyrosine phosphatases: from immune homeostasis to autoimmunity. Immunology 2012; 137:1-19. [PMID: 22862552 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2012.03591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half of the known protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in the human genome are expressed in T cells, and significant progress has been made in elucidating the biology of these enzymes in T-cell development and function. Here we provide a systematic review of the current understanding of the roles of PTPs in T-cell activation, providing insight into their mechanisms of action and regulation in T-cell receptor signalling, the phenotypes of their genetically modified mice, and their possible involvement in T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Our projection is that the interest in PTPs as mediators of T-cell homeostasis will continue to rise with further functional analysis of these proteins, and PTPs will be increasingly considered as targets of immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Stanford
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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27
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Płoski R, Szymański K, Bednarczuk T. The genetic basis of graves' disease. Curr Genomics 2012; 12:542-63. [PMID: 22654555 PMCID: PMC3271308 DOI: 10.2174/138920211798120772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The presented comprehensive review of current knowledge about genetic factors predisposing to Graves’ disease (GD) put emphasis on functional significance of observed associations. In particular, we discuss recent efforts aimed at refining diseases associations found within the HLA complex and implicating HLA class I as well as HLA-DPB1 loci. We summarize data regarding non-HLA genes such as PTPN22, CTLA4, CD40, TSHR and TG which have been extensively studied in respect to their role in GD. We review recent findings implicating variants of FCRL3 (gene for FC receptor-like-3 protein), SCGB3A2 (gene for secretory uteroglobin-related protein 1- UGRP1) as well as other unverified possible candidate genes for GD selected through their documented association with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Tenr–IL2–IL21, CAPSL (encoding calcyphosine-like protein), IFIH1(gene for interferon-induced helicase C domain 1), AFF3, CD226 and PTPN2. We also review reports on association of skewed X chromosome inactivation and fetal microchimerism with GD. Finally we discuss issues of genotype-phenotype correlations in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Luopajärvi K, Nieminen JK, Ilonen J, Akerblom HK, Knip M, Vaarala O. Expansion of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in infants of mothers with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2012; 13:400-7. [PMID: 22332874 PMCID: PMC4225542 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2012.00852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been reported in the offspring of mothers with T1D when compared with children of affected fathers. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the hypothesis that exposure of the offspring to maternal insulin therapy induces regulatory mechanisms in utero, we compared the FOXP3 expressing regulatory T cells in cord blood (CB) of infants born to mothers with or without T1D. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) from 20 infants with maternal T1D and from 20 infants with an unaffected mother were analyzed for the numbers of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ cells ex vivo and after in vitro stimulation with human insulin by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of FOXP3, NFATc2, STIM1, interleukin (IL)-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β was measured by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The percentage of FOXP3+ cells in CD4+CD25(high) cells was higher in the CB of the infants with maternal T1D when compared with the infants of unaffected mothers (p = 0.023). After in vitro insulin stimulation an increase in the percentage of FOXP3+ cells in CD4+CD25(high) cells (p = 0.0002) as well as upregulation of FOXP3, NFATc2, STIM1, IL-10, and TGF-β transcripts in CBMCs (p < 0.013 for all; Wilcoxon test) was observed only in the offspring of mothers with T1D, in whom the disease-related PTPN22 allele was associated with reduced STIM1 and NFATc2 response in insulin-stimulated CBMCs (p = 0.007 and p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS We suggest that maternal insulin treatment induces expansion of regulatory T cells in the fetus, which might contribute to the lower risk of diabetes in children with maternal vs. paternal diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Luopajärvi
- Immune Response Unit, Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
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Diaz-Gallo LM, Martin J. Common genes in autoimmune diseases: a link between immune-mediated diseases. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2012; 8:107-9. [PMID: 22288446 DOI: 10.1586/eci.11.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pike KA, Tremblay ML. Regulating naïve and memory CD8 T cell homeostasis - a role for protein tyrosine phosphatases. FEBS J 2012; 280:432-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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31
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Quaio CRDC, Dutra RL, Brasil AS, Pereira AC, Kim CA, Bertola DR. A Possible Role of Different PTPN Genes in Immune Regulation. Scand J Immunol 2012; 75:540-1. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Diaz-Gallo LM, Martin J. PTPN22 splice forms: a new role in rheumatoid arthritis. Genome Med 2012; 4:13. [PMID: 22364193 PMCID: PMC3392759 DOI: 10.1186/gm312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation in the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type gene 22 (PTPN22, encoding lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase, LYP) influences the risk of developing multiple autoimmune diseases, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. In a recent study published in Genome Medicine, Ronninger et al. showed that there are differences in the expression of PTPN22 isoforms between peripheral blood mononuclear cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients and those of healthy controls. This study provides new insights into the role of PTPN22 in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina-Marcela Diaz-Gallo
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, CSIC (IPBLN-CSIC), Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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Habib T, Funk A, Rieck M, Brahmandam A, Dai X, Panigrahi AK, Luning Prak ET, Meyer-Bahlburg A, Sanda S, Greenbaum C, Rawlings DJ, Buckner JH. Altered B cell homeostasis is associated with type I diabetes and carriers of the PTPN22 allelic variant. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 188:487-96. [PMID: 22105996 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The PTPN22 genetic variant 1858T, encoding Lyp620W, is associated with multiple autoimmune disorders for which the production of autoantibodies is a common feature, suggesting a loss of B cell tolerance. Lyp620W results in blunted BCR signaling in memory B cells. Because BCR signal strength is tightly coupled to central and peripheral tolerance, we examined whether Lyp620W impacts peripheral B cell homeostasis in healthy individuals heterozygous for the PTPN221858T variant. We found that these subjects display alterations in the composition of the B cell pool that include specific expansion of the transitional and anergic IgD(+)IgM(-)CD27(-) B cell subsets. The PTPN22 1858T variant was further associated with significantly diminished BCR signaling and a resistance to apoptosis in both transitional and naive B cells. Strikingly, parallel changes in both BCR signaling and composition of B cell compartment were observed in type 1 diabetic subjects, irrespective of PTPN22 genotype, revealing a novel immune phenotype and likely shared mechanisms leading to a loss of B cell tolerance. Our combined findings suggest that Lyp620W-mediated effects, due in part to the altered BCR signaling threshold, contribute to breakdown of peripheral tolerance and the entry of autoreactive B cells into the naive B cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Habib
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
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Diaz-Gallo LM, Espino-Paisán L, Fransen K, Gómez-García M, van Sommeren S, Cardeña C, Rodrigo L, Mendoza JL, Taxonera C, Nieto A, Alcain G, Cueto I, López-Nevot MA, Bottini N, Barclay ML, Crusius JB, van Bodegraven AA, Wijmenga C, Ponsioen CY, Gearry RB, Roberts RL, Weersma RK, Urcelay E, Merriman TR, Alizadeh BZ, Martin J. Differential association of two PTPN22 coding variants with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:2287-94. [PMID: 21287672 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PTPN22 gene is an important risk factor for human autoimmunity. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the role of the R263Q PTPN22 polymorphism in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), and to reevaluate the association of the R620W PTPN22 polymorphism with both diseases. METHODS A total of 1677 UC patients, 1903 CD patients, and 3111 healthy controls from an initial case-control set of Spanish Caucasian ancestry and two independent sample sets of European ancestry (Dutch and New Zealand) were included in the study. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan SNP assays for the R263Q (rs33996649) and R620W (rs2476601) PTPN22 polymorphisms. Meta-analysis was performed on 6977 CD patients, 5695 UC patients, and 9254 controls to test the overall effect of the minor allele of R620W and R263Q polymorphisms. RESULTS The PTPN22 263Q loss-of-function variant showed initial evidence of association with UC in the Spanish cohort (P = 0.026, odds ratio [OR] = 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39-0.95), which was confirmed in the meta-analysis (P = 0.013 pooled, OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51-0.93). In contrast, the 263Q allele showed no association with CD (P = 0.22 pooled, OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.91-1.47). We found in the pooled analysis that the PTPN22 620W gain-of-function variant was associated with reduced risk of CD (P = 7.4E-06 pooled OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.75-0.89) but not of UC (P = 0.88 pooled, OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.85-1.15). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that two autoimmunity-associated polymorphisms of the PTPN22 gene are differentially associated with CD and UC. The R263Q polymorphism only associated with UC, whereas the R620W was significantly associated with only CD.
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Global expression profiling of peripheral Qa-1-restricted CD8αα+TCRαβ+ regulatory T cells reveals innate-like features: implications for immune-regulatory repertoire. Hum Immunol 2011; 73:214-22. [PMID: 21889557 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.07.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Among peripheral regulatory T cells, CD8(+) T cells also play an important role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. A subset of CD8(+) Treg that express αβ T cell receptor (TCR) and CD8αα homodimers can recognize TCR-derived peptides in the context of the class Ib MHC molecule Qa-1. To gain a better understanding of the nature and phenotype of CD8αα(+)TCRαβ+ Treg, a global gene expression profiling using microarray, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and flow-cytometric analysis was performed using functional Treg clones and lines. The study findings show that CD8(+) Treg shared gene profile expressed by innate-like lymphocytes, including murine intraepithelial lymphocytes and thymic CD8αα(+)TCRαβ+ T-cell populations. In addition, this subset displays differential expression of several key regulatory molecules, including CD200. CD8αα(+) Treg expressed higher levels of a number of natural killer cell-related receptors and molecules belonging to the TNF superfamily. Collectively, peripheral class Ib-reactive CD8αα(+)TCRαβ+ T cells represent a unique regulatory population different from class Ia major histocompatibility complex-restricted conventional T cells. These studies have important implications for the regulatory mechanisms mediated by the CD8(+) Treg population in general.
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Protein tyrosine phosphatases as drug targets: strategies and challenges of inhibitor development. Future Med Chem 2011; 2:1563-76. [PMID: 21426149 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.10.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several 'classical' protein tyrosine phosphatases are attractive therapeutic targets, including PTP1B for obesity and Type II diabetes; SHP2 for cancer and Lyp for rheumatoid arthritis. Progress has been made in identifying a broad range of chemically distinct inhibitors; however, developing selective and cell-permeable clinically useful compounds has proved challenging. Here the ongoing challenges and recent significant advances in the field are reviewed. Key novel compounds are highlighted and a perspective on the future of phosphatase inhibitor development is presented.
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Yu X, Chen M, Zhang S, Yu ZH, Sun JP, Wang L, Liu S, Imasaki T, Takagi Y, Zhang ZY. Substrate specificity of lymphoid-specific tyrosine phosphatase (Lyp) and identification of Src kinase-associated protein of 55 kDa homolog (SKAP-HOM) as a Lyp substrate. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:30526-30534. [PMID: 21719704 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.254722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A missense single-nucleotide polymorphism in the gene encoding the lymphoid-specific tyrosine phosphatase (Lyp) has been identified as a causal factor in a wide spectrum of autoimmune diseases. Interestingly, the autoimmune-predisposing variant of Lyp appears to represent a gain-of-function mutation, implicating Lyp as an attractive target for the development of effective strategies for the treatment of many autoimmune disorders. Unfortunately, the precise biological functions of Lyp in signaling cascades and cellular physiology are poorly understood. Identification and characterization of Lyp substrates will help define the chain of molecular events coupling Lyp dysfunction to diseases. In the current study, we identified consensus sequence motifs for Lyp substrate recognition using an "inverse alanine scanning" combinatorial library approach. The intrinsic sequence specificity data led to the discovery and characterization of SKAP-HOM, a cytosolic adaptor protein required for proper activation of the immune system, as a bona fide Lyp substrate. To determine the molecular basis for Lyp substrate recognition, we solved crystal structures of Lyp in complex with the consensus peptide as well as the phosphopeptide derived from SKAP-HOM. Together with the biochemical data, the structures define the molecular determinants for Lyp substrate specificity and provide a solid foundation upon which novel therapeutics targeting Lyp can be developed for multiple autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Zhi-Hong Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Sijiu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Tsuyoshi Imasaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Yuichiro Takagi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202.
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Diaz-Gallo LM, Medrano LM, Gómez-García M, Cardeña C, Rodrigo L, Mendoza JL, Taxonera C, Nieto A, Alcain G, Cueto I, López-Nevot MA, Urcelay E, Martin J. Analysis of the influence of two CD24 genetic variants in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:969-72. [PMID: 21684315 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible implication of CD24 gene in the genetic predisposition to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our study population consisted of 1321 female Spanish individuals (369 Crohn's disease [CD] patients, 323 ulcerative colitis [UC] patients, and 629 healthy matched controls). Two putative functional polymorphisms, a C to T coding polymorphism (rs8734) and a TG deletion in the 3' untranslated region (rs3838646), were used as CD24 genetic markers and genotyped using a Taqman 5' allelic discrimination assay. The "del" allele of the dinucleotide deletion was associated with an increased risk of CD (odds ratio = 1.61, 95% confidence interval = 1.17-2.21, p(FDR) = 6.4E-03) but not with UC. Moreover, this allele was significant associated with the age of CD diagnosis between 17 and 40 years, the ileocolonic location, and the inflammatory behavior of CD. We observed no significant differences between the allelic or genotypic frequencies of the A57V polymorphism in our studied IBD cohort. Our results suggest that the rs3838646 CD24 polymorphism is part of the genetic background of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina-Marcela Diaz-Gallo
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain.
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Diaz-Gallo LM, Gourh P, Broen J, Simeon C, Fonollosa V, Ortego-Centeno N, Agarwal S, Vonk MC, Coenen M, Riemekasten G, Hunzelmann N, Hesselstrand R, Tan FK, Reveille JD, Assassi S, García-Hernandez FJ, Carreira P, Camps MT, Fernandez-Nebro A, de la Peña PG, Nearney T, Hilda D, González-Gay MA, Airo P, Beretta L, Scorza R, Herrick A, Worthington J, Pros A, Gómez-Gracia I, Trapiella L, Espinosa G, Castellvi I, Witte T, de Keyser F, Vanthuyne M, Mayes MD, Radstake TRDJ, Arnett FC, Martin J, Rueda B. Analysis of the influence of PTPN22 gene polymorphisms in systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 70:454-62. [PMID: 21131644 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.130138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the PTPN22 gene (rs24746601 and rs33996649) have been associated with autoimmunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the R263Q SNP for the first time and to re-evaluate the role of the R620W SNP in the genetic predisposition to systemic sclerosis (SSc) susceptibility and clinical phenotypes. METHODS 3422 SSc patients (2020 with limited cutaneous SSc and 1208 with diffuse cutaneous SSc) and 3638 healthy controls of Caucasian ancestry from an initial case--control set of Spain and seven additional independent replication cohorts were included in our study. Both rs33996649 and rs2476601 PTPN22 polymorphisms were genotyped by TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. A meta-analysis was performed to test the overall effect of these PTPN22 polymorphisms in SSc. RESULTS The meta-analysis revealed evidence of association of the rs2476601 T allele with SSc susceptibility (p(FDRcorrected)=0.03 pooled, OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.28). In addition, the rs2476601 T allele was significantly associated with anticentromere-positive status (p(FDRcorrected)=0.02 pooled, OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.42). Although the rs33996649 A allele was significantly associated with SSc in the Spanish population (p(FDRcorrected)=0.04, OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.92), this association was not confirmed in the meta-analysis (p=0.36 pooled, OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.1). CONCLUSION The study suggests that the PTPN22 R620W polymorphism influences SSc genetic susceptibility but the novel R263Q genetic variant does not. These data strengthen evidence that the R620W mutation is a common risk factor in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Diaz-Gallo
- Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan. [corrected]
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Diaz-Gallo LM, Espino-Paisán L, Fransen K, Gómez-García M, van Sommeren S, Cardeña C, Rodrigo L, Mendoza JL, Taxonera C, Nieto A, Alcain G, Cueto I, López-Nevot MA, Bottini N, Barclay ML, Crusius JB, van Bodegraven AA, Wijmenga C, Ponsioen CY, Gearry RB, Roberts RL, Weersma RK, Urcelay E, Merriman TR, Alizadeh BZ, Martin J. Differential association of two PTPN22 coding variants with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. J Transl Med 2010. [PMCID: PMC3007762 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-s1-p2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Genética de la esclerodermia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 6 Suppl 2:12-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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