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Rusakiewicz S, Tyekucheva S, Tissot-Renaud S, Chaba K, Imbimbo M, Benedetti F, Kammler R, Hornfeld J, Munzone E, Gianni L, Thurlimann B, Láng I, Pruneri G, Gray KP, Regan MR, Loi S, Colleoni M, Viale G, Kandalaft L, Coukos G, Curigliano G. Multiplexed high-throughput immune cell imaging in patients with high-risk triple negative early breast cancer: Analysis from the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Trial 22-00. Eur J Cancer 2024; 200:113535. [PMID: 38309015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.113535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer (BC) subtype, with dismal prognosis and limited option in advanced settings, yet stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) in this subtype has a predictive role. PATIENTS AND METHODS The International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Trial 22-00 is a randomized phase III clinical trial testing the efficacy of low-dose metronomic oral Cyclophosphamide-Methotrexate (CM) maintenance following standard adjuvant chemotherapy treatment for early-stage hormone receptor-negative breast cancer patients. A case-cohort sampling was used. We characterized immune cells infiltrates in patients with TNBC by 6 plex immunofluorescence (IF) staining for CD4, FOXP3, CD3, cytokeratine and CD8 RESULTS: We confirmed that high immune CD3+ T cells as well as stromal and intra-epithelial Tregs (CD4+Foxp3+ T cells) infiltrates were associated with a better Distant Recurrence-Free Interval (DRFI), especially in LN+ patient, regardless of the treatment. More importantly, we showed that the spatial distribution of immune cells at baseline is crucial, as CM maintenance was detrimental for T cells excluded LN+ TNBC patients. CONCLUSIONS immune spatial classification on immune cells infiltrates seems crucial and could help patients' selection in clinical trial and greatly improve responses to specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rusakiewicz
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Tyekucheva
- International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Tissot-Renaud
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Chaba
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Imbimbo
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Benedetti
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Kammler
- Translational Research Coordination, International Breast Cancer Study Group, a division of ETOP IBCSG Partners Foundation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Hornfeld
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Munzone
- Division of Medical Senology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - L Gianni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale Infermi, AUSL Della Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - B Thurlimann
- Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Bern, Switzerland
| | - I Láng
- Clinexpert-research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G Pruneri
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy; University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - K P Gray
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Biostatistics and Research Design Core, Institutional Centers of Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M R Regan
- International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Division of Biostatistics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Loi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; International Breast Cancer Study Group, a division of ETOP IBCSG Partners Foundation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Colleoni
- Division of Medical Senology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - G Viale
- Division of Medical Senology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - L Kandalaft
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Coukos
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Valizadeh P, Momtazmanesh S, Plazzi G, Rezaei N. Connecting the dots: An updated review of the role of autoimmunity in narcolepsy and emerging immunotherapeutic approaches. Sleep Med 2024; 113:378-396. [PMID: 38128432 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a chronic disorder characterized by pathological daytime sleepiness and cataplexy due to the disappearance of orexin immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus. Genetic and environmental factors point towards a potential role for inflammation and autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of the disease. This study aims to comprehensively review the latest evidence on the autoinflammatory mechanisms and immunomodulatory treatments aimed at suspected autoimmune pathways in NT1. METHODS Recent relevant literature in the field of narcolepsy, its autoimmune hypothesis, and purposed immunomodulatory treatments were reviewed. RESULTS Narcolepsy is strongly linked to specific HLA alleles and T-cell receptor polymorphisms. Furthermore, animal studies and autopsies have found infiltration of T cells in the hypothalamus, supporting T cell-mediated immunity. However, the role of autoantibodies has yet to be definitively established. Increased risk of NT1 after H1N1 infection and vaccination supports the autoimmune hypothesis, and the potential role of coronavirus disease 2019 and vaccination in triggering autoimmune neurodegeneration is a recent finding. Alterations in cytokine levels, gut microbiota, and microglial activation indicate a potential role for inflammation in the disease's development. Reports of using immunotherapies in NT1 patients are limited and inconsistent. Early treatment with IVIg, corticosteroids, plasmapheresis, and monoclonal antibodies has seldomly shown some potential benefits in some studies. CONCLUSION The current body of literature supports that narcolepsy is an autoimmune disorder most likely caused by T-cell involvement. However, the potential for immunomodulatory treatments to reverse the autoinflammatory process remains understudied. Further clinical controlled trials may provide valuable insights into this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parya Valizadeh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Momtazmanesh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Taniura T, Ishitobi K, Hidaka M, Harada M. Modulatory effects of supplementation of Lentinula edodes mycelia extract and l-arginine on the therapeutic efficacy of immunogenic chemotherapy in colon cancer-bearing mice. Microbiol Immunol 2024; 68:15-22. [PMID: 37964433 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Some chemotherapeutic drugs can induce cancer cell death and enhance antitumor T-cell immunity in cancer-bearing hosts. Immunomodulatory reagents could augment such chemotherapy-induced effects. We previously reported that oral digestion of Lentinula edodes mycelia (L.E.M.) extract or l-arginine supplementation can augment antitumor T-cell responses in cancer-bearing mice. In this study, the effects of L.E.M. extract with or without l-arginine on the therapeutic efficacy of immunogenic chemotherapy by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/oxaliplatin (L-OHP) and/or cyclophosphamide (CP) are examined using two mouse colon cancer models. In MC38 and CT26 cancer models, therapy with 5-FU/L-OHP/CP significantly suppressed tumor growth, and supplementation with L.E.M. extract halved the tumor volumes. However, the modulatory effect of L.E.M. extract was not significant. In the CT26 cancer model, supplementation with L.E.M. extract and l-arginine had no clear effect on tumor growth. In contrast, their addition to chemotherapy halved the tumor volumes, although the effect was not significant. There was no difference in the cytotoxicity of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells generated from CT26-cured mice treated by chemotherapy alone versus chemotherapy combined with L.E.M. extract/ l-arginine. These results indicate that the antitumor effects of immunogenic chemotherapy were too strong to ascertain the effects of supplementation of L.E.M. extract and l-arginine, but these reagents nonetheless have immunomodulatory effects on the therapeutic efficacy of immunogenic chemotherapy in colon cancer-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Taniura
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ishitobi
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hidaka
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Mamoru Harada
- Department of Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
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4
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Liu P, Zhao L, Zitvogel L, Kepp O, Kroemer G. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) enhancers-Drugs that enhance the perception of ICD by dendritic cells. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:7-19. [PMID: 37596984 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The search for immunostimulatory drugs applicable to cancer immunotherapy may profit from target-agnostic methods in which agents are screened for their functional impact on immune cells cultured in vitro without any preconceived idea on their mode of action. We have built a synthetic mini-immune system in which stressed and dying cancer cells (derived from standardized cell lines) are confronted with dendritic cells (DCs, derived from immortalized precursors) and CD8+ T-cell hybridoma cells expressing a defined T-cell receptor. Using this system, we can identify three types of immunostimulatory drugs: (i) pharmacological agents that stimulate immunogenic cell death (ICD) of malignant cells; (ii) drugs that act on DCs to enhance their response to ICD; and (iii) drugs that act on T cells to increase their effector function. Here, we focus on strategies to develop drugs that enhance the perception of ICD by DCs and to which we refer as "ICD enhancers." We discuss examples of ICD enhancers, including ligands of pattern recognition receptors (exemplified by TLR3 ligands that correct the deficient function of DCs lacking FPR1) and immunometabolic modifiers (exemplified by hexokinase-2 inhibitors), as well as methods for target deconvolution applicable to the mechanistic characterization of ICD enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, ClinicObiome, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Department of Biology, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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5
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Wang Y, Song Y, He Y, Wang Y, Maurer J, Kiessling F, Lammers T, Wang F, Shi Y. Direct immunoactivation by chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer treatment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2023; 6:2300209. [PMID: 38249990 PMCID: PMC7615547 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202300209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The immune system plays a crucial role in recognizing and eliminating pathogenic substances and malignant cells in the body. For cancer treatment, immunotherapy is becoming the standard treatment for many types of cancer and is often combined with chemotherapy. Although chemotherapeutic agents are often reported to have adverse effects, including immunosuppression, they can also play a positive role in immunotherapy by directly stimulating the immune system. This has been demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies in the past decades. Chemotherapeutics can activate immune cells through different immune receptors and signaling pathways depending on their chemical structure and formulation. In this review, we summarize and discuss the direct immunoactivation effects of chemotherapeutics and possible mechanisms behind these effects. Finally, we prospect chemo-immunotherapeutic combinations for the more effective and safer treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurui Wang
- Department of Polymer Therapeutics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Yiran Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Yazhi He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Jochen Maurer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Polymer Therapeutics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
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6
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Khan GH, Veltkamp F, Scheper M, Hoebe RA, Claessen N, Butter L, Bouts AHM, Florquin S, Guikema JEJ. Levamisole suppresses activation and proliferation of human T cells by the induction of a p53-dependent DNA damage response. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350562. [PMID: 37597325 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Levamisole (LMS) is a small molecule used in the treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). The pathogenesis of INS remains unknown, but evidence points toward an immunological basis of the disease. Recently, LMS has been shown to increase the relapse-free survival in INS patients. While LMS has been hypothesized to exert an immunomodulatory effect, its mechanism of action remains unknown. Here, we show that LMS decreased activation and proliferation of human T cells. T-cell activation-associated cytokines such as IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were reduced upon LMS treatment, whereas IL-4 and IL-13 were increased. Gene expression profiling confirmed that the suppressive effects of LMS as genes involved in cell cycle progression were downregulated. Furthermore, genes associated with p53 activation were upregulated by LMS. In agreement, LMS treatment resulted in p53 phosphorylation and increased expression of the p53 target gene FAS. Accordingly, LMS sensitized activated T cells for Fas-mediated apoptosis. LMS treatment resulted in a mid-S phase cell cycle arrest accompanied by γH2AX-foci formation and phosphorylation of CHK1. Our findings indicate that LMS acts as an immunosuppressive drug that directly affects the activation and proliferation of human T cells by induction of DNA damage and the activation of a p53-dependent DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerarda H Khan
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floor Veltkamp
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirte Scheper
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A Hoebe
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nike Claessen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Loes Butter
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonia H M Bouts
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen E J Guikema
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhao Q, Chen Y, Huang W, Zhou H, Zhang W. Drug-microbiota interactions: an emerging priority for precision medicine. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:386. [PMID: 37806986 PMCID: PMC10560686 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01619-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual variability in drug response (IVDR) can be a major cause of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and prolonged therapy, resulting in a substantial health and economic burden. Despite extensive research in pharmacogenomics regarding the impact of individual genetic background on pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD), genetic diversity explains only a limited proportion of IVDR. The role of gut microbiota, also known as the second genome, and its metabolites in modulating therapeutic outcomes in human diseases have been highlighted by recent studies. Consequently, the burgeoning field of pharmacomicrobiomics aims to explore the correlation between microbiota variation and IVDR or ADRs. This review presents an up-to-date overview of the intricate interactions between gut microbiota and classical therapeutic agents for human systemic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), endocrine diseases, and others. We summarise how microbiota, directly and indirectly, modify the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs. Conversely, drugs can also modulate the composition and function of gut microbiota, leading to changes in microbial metabolism and immune response. We also discuss the practical challenges, strategies, and opportunities in this field, emphasizing the critical need to develop an innovative approach to multi-omics, integrate various data types, including human and microbiota genomic data, as well as translate lab data into clinical practice. To sum up, pharmacomicrobiomics represents a promising avenue to address IVDR and improve patient outcomes, and further research in this field is imperative to unlock its full potential for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Weihua Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, PR China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
- Central Laboratory of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, PR China.
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Manni A, Sun YW, Schell TD, Lutsiv T, Thompson H, Chen KM, Aliaga C, Zhu J, El-Bayoumy K. Complementarity between Microbiome and Immunity May Account for the Potentiating Effect of Quercetin on the Antitumor Action of Cyclophosphamide in a Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1422. [PMID: 37895893 PMCID: PMC10610118 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy targeting program cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in addition to chemotherapy has improved the survival of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. However, the development of resistance and toxicity remain significant problems. Using the translationally relevant 4T1 mouse model of TNBC, we report here that dietary administration of the phytochemical quercetin enhanced the antitumor action of Cyclophosphamide, a cytotoxic drug with significant immunogenic effects that is part of the combination chemotherapy used in TNBC. We observed that quercetin favorably modified the host fecal microbiome by enriching species such as Akkermansia muciniphilia, which has been shown to improve response to anti-PD-1 therapy. We also show that quercetin and, to a greater extent, Cyclophosphamide increased the systemic frequency of T cells and NK cells. In addition, Cyclophosphamide alone and in combination with quercetin reduced the frequency of Treg, which is consistent with an antitumor immune response. On the other hand, Cyclophosphamide did not significantly alter the host microbiome, suggesting complementarity between microbiome- and immune-mediated mechanisms in potentiating the antitumor action of Cyclophosphamide by quercetin. Overall, these results support the potential for microbiota-centered dietary intervention to overcome resistance to chemoimmunotherapy in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Manni
- Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Yuan-Wan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA (K.-M.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Todd D. Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Tymofiy Lutsiv
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (T.L.); (H.T.)
| | - Henry Thompson
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (T.L.); (H.T.)
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA (K.-M.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Cesar Aliaga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA (K.-M.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Junjia Zhu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Karam El-Bayoumy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA (K.-M.C.); (C.A.)
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Xue X, Li R, Chen Z, Li G, Liu B, Guo S, Yue Q, Yang S, Xie L, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Tan R. The role of the symbiotic microecosystem in cancer: gut microbiota, metabolome, and host immunome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1235827. [PMID: 37691931 PMCID: PMC10484231 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is not just a simple nutritional symbiosis that parasitizes the host; it is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that coevolves actively with the host and is involved in a variety of biological activities such as circadian rhythm regulation, energy metabolism, and immune response. The development of the immune system and immunological functions are significantly influenced by the interaction between the host and the microbiota. The interactions between gut microbiota and cancer are of a complex nature. The critical role that the gut microbiota plays in tumor occurrence, progression, and treatment is not clear despite the already done research. The development of precision medicine and cancer immunotherapy further emphasizes the importance and significance of the question of how the microbiota takes part in cancer development, progression, and treatment. This review summarizes recent literature on the relationship between the gut microbiome and cancer immunology. The findings suggest the existence of a "symbiotic microecosystem" formed by gut microbiota, metabolome, and host immunome that is fundamental for the pathogenesis analysis and the development of therapeutic strategies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenni Chen
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guiyu Li
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Bisheng Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianhua Yue
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Siye Yang
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Linlin Xie
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Classical Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Luzhou, China
| | - Yiguan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Junning Zhao
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruirong Tan
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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10
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Hawlina S, Zorec R, Chowdhury HH. Potential of Personalized Dendritic Cell-Based Immunohybridoma Vaccines to Treat Prostate Cancer. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1498. [PMID: 37511873 PMCID: PMC10382052 DOI: 10.3390/life13071498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second most common cause of death due to cancer. About 30% of patients with PCa who have been castrated develop a castration-resistant form of the disease (CRPC), which is incurable. In the last decade, new treatments that control the disease have emerged, slowing progression and spread and prolonging survival while maintaining the quality of life. These include immunotherapies; however, we do not yet know the optimal combination and sequence of these therapies with the standard ones. All therapies are not always suitable for every patient due to co-morbidities or adverse effects of therapies or both, so there is an urgent need for further work on new therapeutic options. Advances in cancer immunotherapy with an immune checkpoint inhibition mechanism (e.g., ipilimumab, an anti-CTLA-4 inhibitor) have not shown a survival benefit in patients with CRPC. Other immunological approaches have also not given clear results, which has indirectly prevented breakthrough for this type of therapeutic strategy into clinical use. Currently, the only approved form of immunotherapy for patients with CRPC is a cell-based medicine, but it is only available to patients in some parts of the world. Based on what was gained from recently completed clinical research on immunotherapy with dendritic cell-based immunohybridomas, the aHyC dendritic cell vaccine for patients with CRPC, we highlight the current status and possible alternatives that should be considered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hawlina
- Clinical Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena H Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Xie J, Lin D, Li J, Zhou T, Lin S, Lin Z. Effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide ameliorating cyclophosphamide-induced immune dysfunctions based on metabolomics analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1179749. [PMID: 37305093 PMCID: PMC10248424 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1179749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide (GLPP) is one of the most abundant constituents of Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), with a wide range of functional activities. The present study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of GLPP in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressive mice. The results showed that 100 mg/kg/day of GLPP administration significantly alleviated CTX-induced immune damage by improving immune organ indexes, earlap swelling rate, the index of carbon phagocytosis and clearance value, secretion of cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2), and immunoglobulin A(IgA) in the mice. Furthermore, ultra-performance liquid chromatography with mass/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was conducted to identify the metabolites, followed by biomarker and pathway analysis. The results showed that GLPP treatment alleviated CTX-induced alterations in the fecal metabolome profile, including arachidonic acid (AA), leukotriene D4 (LTD4), indole-3-ethanol, and formyltetrahydrofolate (CF), by reversing citric acid, malic acid, cortisol, and oleic acid. These results support the concept that GLPP exhibits immunomodulatory activity via the folate cycle, methionine cycle, TCA cycle, fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, AA metabolism, and cAMP pathways. In conclusion, the results could be helpful to understand the use of GLPP to clarify the immunomodulatory mechanism and be used as immunostimulants to prevent CTX-induced side effects in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science, and Technology, Loudi, Hunan, China
| | - Dongmei Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tonghui Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shuqian Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhanxi Lin
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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12
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Lin Q, Zhong Y, Wang B. Mafosfamide Boosts GMI-HBVac against HBV via Treg Depletion in HBV-Infected Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1026. [PMID: 37376415 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B infection remains a significant worldwide health burden, placing persons at risk for hepatocellular cancer and hepatic fibrosis. Chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection is characterized by elevated levels of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs), which can inhibit the function of effector T cells and lead to an insufficient immune clearance response against HBV. Theoretically, suppression of Treg cell functionality and percentage could increase anti-HBV reactivity in CHB-infected patients, although this has not yet been explored. We attempted to enhance our previously established anti-CHB protocol utilizing the GM-CSF+IFN-α+rHBVvac regimen (GMI-HBVac) by incorporating mafosfamide (MAF), which has been utilized in anticancer therapy in the past. Intravenous administration of MAF to rAAV8-1.3HBV-infected mice resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of Tregs in the blood, rebounding to pretreatment levels 10 days later. To assess the potential benefit of adding MAF to the anti-CHB protocol, 2 μg/mL MAF was combined with the GMI-HBVac as an anti-Treg treatment in an HBV-infected animal model. When rAAV8-1.3HBV-infected mice were immunized with MAF+GMI-HBVac, peripheral blood Tregs decreased significantly, leading to dendritic cell activation, HBV-specific T cell proliferation, and the upregulation of IFN-gamma-producing CD8+T cells. In addition, MAF+GMI-HBVac vaccination stimulated T cell infiltration in HBV-infected livers. These effects may contribute to an enhanced immune response and the clearance of HBV-associated antigens, including serum HBsAg, serum HBcAg, and HBcAg+ hepatocytes. Overall, this is the first indication that MAF can act as an adjuvant with GMI-HBVac to deplete Tregs in mice with an established CHB infection. This unique therapeutic vaccine regimen produced a functional cure, as revealed by the remarkable clearance of HBsAg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiwei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
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13
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Finisguerra V, Dvorakova T, Formenti M, Van Meerbeeck P, Mignion L, Gallez B, Van den Eynde BJ. Metformin improves cancer immunotherapy by directly rescuing tumor-infiltrating CD8 T lymphocytes from hypoxia-induced immunosuppression. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-005719. [PMID: 37147018 PMCID: PMC10163559 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their revolutionary success in cancer treatment over the last decades, immunotherapies encounter limitations in certain tumor types and patients. The efficacy of immunotherapies depends on tumor antigen-specific CD8 T-cell viability and functionality within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, where oxygen levels are often low. Hypoxia can reduce CD8 T-cell fitness in several ways and CD8 T cells are mostly excluded from hypoxic tumor regions. Given the challenges to achieve durable reduction of hypoxia in the clinic, ameliorating CD8 T-cell survival and effector function in hypoxic condition could improve tumor response to immunotherapies. METHODS Activated CD8 T cells were exposed to hypoxia and metformin and analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting for cell proliferation, apoptosis and phenotype. In vivo, metformin was administered to mice bearing hypoxic tumors and receiving either adoptive cell therapy with tumor-specific CD8 T cells, or immune checkpoint inhibitors; tumor growth was followed over time and CD8 T-cell infiltration, survival and localization in normoxic or hypoxic tumor regions were assessed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Tumor oxygenation and hypoxia were measured by electron paramagnetic resonance and pimonidazole staining, respectively. RESULTS We found that the antidiabetic drug metformin directly improved CD8 T-cell fitness in hypoxia, both in vitro and in vivo. Metformin rescued murine and human CD8 T cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis and increased their proliferation and cytokine production, while blunting the upregulation of programmed cell death protein 1 and lymphocyte-activation gene 3. This appeared to result from a reduced production of reactive oxygen species, due to the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. Differently from what others reported, metformin did not reduce tumor hypoxia, but rather increased CD8 T-cell infiltration and survival in hypoxic tumor areas, and synergized with cyclophosphamide to enhance tumor response to adoptive cell therapy or immune checkpoint blockade in different tumor models. CONCLUSIONS This study describes a novel mechanism of action of metformin and presents a promising strategy to achieve immune rejection in hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumors, which would otherwise be resistant to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Finisguerra
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Science and Biotechnology (WELBIO), WEL Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tereza Dvorakova
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Science and Biotechnology (WELBIO), WEL Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matteo Formenti
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Science and Biotechnology (WELBIO), WEL Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Lionel Mignion
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (REMA) Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies (NEST) Platform, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (REMA) Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies (NEST) Platform, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit J Van den Eynde
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Science and Biotechnology (WELBIO), WEL Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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14
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Mao J, Li S, Fu R, Wang Y, Meng J, Jin Y, Wu T, Zhang M. Sea Cucumber Hydrolysate Alleviates Immunosuppression and Gut Microbiota Imbalance Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Balb/c Mice through the NF-κB Pathway. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081604. [PMID: 37107399 PMCID: PMC10137554 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of sea cucumber hydrolysate (SCH) on immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy). Our findings demonstrated that SCH could increase the thymus index and spleen index, decrease the serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, increase the serum IgG and small intestinal sIgA levels, reduce small intestinal and colon tissue damage, and activate the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway by increasing TRAF6 and IRAK1 protein levels, as well as the phosphorylation levels of IκBα and p65, thereby enhancing immunity. In addition, SCH alleviated the imbalance of the gut microbiota by altering the composition of the gut microbiota in immunosuppressed mice. At the genus level, when compared with the model group, the relative abundance of Dubosiella, Lachnospiraceae, and Ligilactobacillus increased, while that of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Turicibacter decreased in the SCH groups. Moreover, 26 potential bioactive peptides were identified by oligopeptide sequencing and bioactivity prediction. This study's findings thus provide an experimental basis for further development of SCH as a nutritional supplement to alleviate immunosuppression induced by Cy as well as provides a new idea for alleviating intestinal damage induced by Cy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shunqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - RongRong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yijin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Min Zhang
- China-Russia Agricultural Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
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Mery B, Ménétrier-Caux C, Montané L, Heudel PE, Ray-Coquard I, Bachelot T, Derbel O, Augereau P, Treilleux I, Berthet J, Nkodia A, Bardin-Dit-Courageot C, Attignon V, Ferrari A, Garin G, Perol D, Caux C, Dubois B, Trédan O. Pembrolizumab in Lymphopenic Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Metronomic Cyclophosphamide: A Clinical and Translational Prospective Study. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2023; 15:311-325. [PMID: 37139242 PMCID: PMC10150792 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s400055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Metastatic endocrine-resistant breast cancer (MBC) is a disease with poor prognosis and few treatment options. Low lymphocyte count is associated with limited overall survival. In a prospective cohort of lymphopenic patients with HER-2 negative MBC, we assessed the clinical and biological impact of pembrolizumab combined with metronomic cyclophosphamide. Experimental Design This multicenter Phase II study evaluated the safety and clinical activity of pembrolizumab (intravenous (IV), 200mg, every 3 weeks) combined with metronomic cyclophosphamide (50mg/day, per os) in lymphopenic adult patients with HER2-negative MBC previously treated by at least one line of chemotherapy in this setting according to a Simon's minimax two-stage design. Blood and tumor samples were collected to assess the impact of the combined treatment on circulating immune cells and the tumor immune microenvironment through multiparametric flow cytometry and multiplex immunofluorescence analyses. Primary endpoint was the clinical benefit rate at 6 months of treatment (CBR-6M). Secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), duration of response, progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results Two out of the twenty treated patients presented clinical benefit (one Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB)-high patient with complete response (CR) and one patient with objective response (OR) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST V1.1) associated with a strong increase of cytokine-producing and proliferating CD4+ T cells and higher CD8+ T cells to macrophage ratios in the tumor. This impact on CD4+ and CD8+ T cell polyfunctionality was still observed more than one year for the patient with CR. A decreased in their absolute number of CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells was observed in other patients. Conclusion Pembrolizumab combined with metronomic cyclophosphamide was well tolerated, and displayed limited anti-tumoral activity in lymphopenic MBC. Correlative translational data of our trial advocates for additional studies with other chemotherapy combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoîte Mery
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Inserm U1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Correspondence: Benoîte Mery, Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, Lyon, 69008, France, Tel +33 4 78 78 26 44, Fax +33 4 78 78 27 15, Email
| | - Christine Ménétrier-Caux
- Inserm U1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of LYON (LICL), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Montané
- Clinical Research Platform (DRCI), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Thomas Bachelot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Olfa Derbel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Privé Jean-Mermoz, Lyon, France
| | - Paule Augereau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de L’ouest- Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Isabelle Treilleux
- Inserm U1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Biopathology Department, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Justine Berthet
- Inserm U1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of LYON (LICL), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Axelle Nkodia
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of LYON (LICL), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - Valery Attignon
- Genomic of Cancer Platform, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Anthony Ferrari
- Gilles Thomas Bioinformatics Platform, Synergie Lyon Cancer Foundation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Gwenaele Garin
- Clinical Research Platform (DRCI), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - David Perol
- Clinical Research Platform (DRCI), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Caux
- Inserm U1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of LYON (LICL), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Bertrand Dubois
- Inserm U1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of LYON (LICL), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Trédan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Inserm U1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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16
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Marriott M, Post B, Chablani L. A comparison of cancer vaccine adjuvants in clinical trials. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 34:100667. [PMID: 36516613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment has come a long way in increasing overall survival; however, evasion of the immune system continues to be a challenge in treating individuals with established disease burdens. Due to the difficulty in stimulating an immune response against cancer, approaches utilizing combination adjuvants with different mechanisms may be beneficial. A combination of these adjuvants with other adjuvants or other treatments has demonstrated synergistic effects in the form of a robust and sustained immune response, demonstrating the importance of further development. This review discusses the intricacies of immune evasion, applications of adjuvants with different mechanisms of action, and adjuvants used for cancer immunotherapy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Marriott
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St. John Fisher University, 3690 East Ave, Rochester, NY, 14618, USA
| | - Brittany Post
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St. John Fisher University, 3690 East Ave, Rochester, NY, 14618, USA
| | - Lipika Chablani
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St. John Fisher University, 3690 East Ave, Rochester, NY, 14618, USA.
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17
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Pharmacomicrobiomics in Pediatric Oncology: The Complex Interplay between Commonly Used Drugs and Gut Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315387. [PMID: 36499714 PMCID: PMC9740824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome (GM) has emerged in the last few years as a main character in several diseases. In pediatric oncological patients, GM has a role in promoting the disease, modulating the effectiveness of therapies, and determining the clinical outcomes. The therapeutic course for most pediatric cancer influences the GM due to dietary modifications and several administrated drugs, including chemotherapies, antibiotics and immunosuppressants. Interestingly, increasing evidence is uncovering a role of the GM on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, defining a bidirectional relationship. Indeed, the pediatric setting presents some contrasts with respect to the adult, since the GM undergoes a constant multifactorial evolution during childhood following external stimuli (such as diet modification during weaning). In this review, we aim to summarize the available evidence of pharmacomicrobiomics in pediatric oncology.
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Ishitobi K, Kotani H, Iida Y, Taniura T, Notsu Y, Tajima Y, Harada M. A modulatory effect of L-arginine supplementation on anticancer effects of chemoimmunotherapy in colon cancer-bearing aged mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Daley JD, Olson AC, Bailey KM. Harnessing immunomodulation during DNA damage in Ewing sarcoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1048705. [PMID: 36483025 PMCID: PMC9722957 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1048705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is a fusion-oncoprotein-driven primary bone tumor most commonly diagnosed in adolescents. Given the continued poor outcomes for patients with metastatic and relapsed Ewing sarcoma, testing innovative therapeutic approaches is essential. Ewing sarcoma has been categorized as a 'BRCAness' tumor with emerging data characterizing a spectrum of DNA damage repair defects within individual Ewing tumors, including the presence of EWSR1::FLI1 itself, recurrent somatic mutations, and rare germline-based defects. It is critical to understand the cumulative impact of various DNA damage repair defects on an individual Ewing tumor's response to therapy. Further, in addition to DNA-damage-directed therapies, subsets of Ewing tumors may be more susceptible to DNA-damage/immunotherapy combinations given the significant cross-talk between DNA damage and inflammatory pathways in the tumor microenvironment. Here we review potential approaches utilizing DNA-damaging agents as modulators of the Ewing tumor immune microenvironment, with a focus on radiation and opportunities during disease metastasis and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D. Daley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Adam C. Olson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kelly M. Bailey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Kelly M. Bailey,
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Interaction between gut microbiota and tumour chemotherapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:2330-2341. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang L, Zhou C, Zhang S, Chen X, Liu J, Xu F, Liang W. Chemotherapy reinforces anti-tumor immune response and enhances clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:939249. [PMID: 36003765 PMCID: PMC9393416 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.939249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
New evidence suggests that the clinical success of chemotherapy is not merely due to tumor cell toxicity but also arises from the restoration of immunosurveillance, which has been immensely neglected in previous preclinical and clinical researches. There is an urgent need for novel insights into molecular mechanisms and regimens that uplift the efficacy of immunotherapy since only a minority of cancer patients are responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Recent findings on combination therapy of chemotherapy and ICIs have shown promising results. This strategy increases tumor recognition and elimination by the host immune system while reducing immunosuppression by the tumor microenvironment. Currently, several preclinical studies are investigating molecular mechanisms that give rise to the immunomodulation by chemotherapeutic agents and exploit them in combination therapy with ICIs in order to achieve a synergistic clinical activity. In this review, we summarize studies that exhibit the capacity of conventional chemotherapeutics to elicit anti-tumor immune responses, thereby facilitating anti-tumor activities of the ICIs. In conclusion, combining chemotherapeutics with ICIs appears to be a promising approach for improving cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Guanghua Hospital, Zhoushan, China
| | - Songou Zhang
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Chen
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Oriental Hepatobiliary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Wenqing Liang
- Medical Research Center, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
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Aristin Revilla S, Kranenburg O, Coffer PJ. Colorectal Cancer-Infiltrating Regulatory T Cells: Functional Heterogeneity, Metabolic Adaptation, and Therapeutic Targeting. Front Immunol 2022; 13:903564. [PMID: 35874729 PMCID: PMC9304750 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease with one of the highest rates of incidence and mortality among cancers worldwide. Understanding the CRC tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential to improve diagnosis and treatment. Within the CRC TME, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) consist of a heterogeneous mixture of adaptive immune cells composed of mainly anti-tumor effector T cells (CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations), and suppressive regulatory CD4+ T (Treg) cells. The balance between these two populations is critical in anti-tumor immunity. In general, while tumor antigen-specific T cell responses are observed, tumor clearance frequently does not occur. Treg cells are considered to play an important role in tumor immune escape by hampering effective anti-tumor immune responses. Therefore, CRC-tumors with increased numbers of Treg cells have been associated with promoting tumor development, immunotherapy failure, and a poorer prognosis. Enrichment of Treg cells in CRC can have multiple causes including their differentiation, recruitment, and preferential transcriptional and metabolic adaptation to the TME. Targeting tumor-associated Treg cell may be an effective addition to current immunotherapy approaches. Strategies for depleting Treg cells, such as low-dose cyclophosphamide treatment, or targeting one or more checkpoint receptors such as CTLA-4 with PD-1 with monoclonal antibodies, have been explored. These have resulted in activation of anti-tumor immune responses in CRC-patients. Overall, it seems likely that CRC-associated Treg cells play an important role in determining the success of such therapeutic approaches. Here, we review our understanding of the role of Treg cells in CRC, the possible mechanisms that support their homeostasis in the tumor microenvironment, and current approaches for manipulating Treg cells function in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Aristin Revilla
- Center Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Onno Kranenburg
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Coffer
- Center Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Paul J. Coffer,
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Abstract
The nitrogen mustards are powerful cytotoxic and lymphoablative agents and have been used for more than 60 years. They are employed in the treatment of cancers, sarcomas, and hematologic malignancies. Cyclophosphamide, the most versatile of the nitrogen mustards, also has a place in stem cell transplantation and the therapy of autoimmune diseases. Adverse effects caused by the nitrogen mustards on the central nervous system, kidney, heart, bladder, and gonads remain important issues. Advances in analytical techniques have facilitated the investigation of the pharmacokinetics of the nitrogen mustards, especially the oxazaphosphorines, which are prodrugs requiring metabolic activation. Enzymes involved in the metabolism of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide are very polymorphic, but a greater understanding of the pharmacogenomic influences on their activity has not yet translated into a personalized medicine approach. In addition to damaging DNA, the nitrogen mustards can act through other mechanisms, such as antiangiogenesis and immunomodulation. The immunomodulatory properties of cyclophosphamide are an area of current exploration. In particular, cyclophosphamide decreases the number and activity of regulatory T cells, and the interaction between cyclophosphamide and the intestinal microbiome is now recognized as an important factor. New derivatives of the nitrogen mustards continue to be assessed. Oxazaphosphorine analogs have been synthesized in attempts to both improve efficacy and reduce toxicity, with varying degrees of success. Combinations of the nitrogen mustards with monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule targeted agents are being evaluated. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The nitrogen mustards are important, well-established therapeutic agents that are used to treat a variety of diseases. Their role is continuing to evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Highley
- Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, and Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom (M.S.H.); Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology (B.L.) and Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (E.A.D.B.), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (H.P.); and London Oncology Clinic, London, United Kingdom (P.G.H.)
| | - Bart Landuyt
- Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, and Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom (M.S.H.); Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology (B.L.) and Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (E.A.D.B.), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (H.P.); and London Oncology Clinic, London, United Kingdom (P.G.H.)
| | - Hans Prenen
- Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, and Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom (M.S.H.); Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology (B.L.) and Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (E.A.D.B.), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (H.P.); and London Oncology Clinic, London, United Kingdom (P.G.H.)
| | - Peter G Harper
- Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, and Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom (M.S.H.); Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology (B.L.) and Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (E.A.D.B.), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (H.P.); and London Oncology Clinic, London, United Kingdom (P.G.H.)
| | - Ernst A De Bruijn
- Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, and Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom (M.S.H.); Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology (B.L.) and Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (E.A.D.B.), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (H.P.); and London Oncology Clinic, London, United Kingdom (P.G.H.)
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Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137046. [PMID: 35806051 PMCID: PMC9266573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor. Despite multimodality treatment with surgical resection, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and tumor treating fields, recurrence is universal, median observed survival is low at 8 months and 5-year overall survival is poor at 7%. Immunotherapy aims to generate a tumor-specific immune response to selectively eliminate tumor cells. In treatment of GBM, immunotherapy approaches including use of checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-Cell therapy, vaccine-based approaches, viral vector therapies, and cytokine-based treatment has been studied. While there have been no major breakthroughs to date and broad implementation of immunotherapy for GBM remains elusive, multiple studies are underway. In this review, we discuss immunotherapy approaches to GBM with an emphasis on molecularly informed approaches.
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Novel treatment strategies for acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive myasthenia gravis and related disorders. Autoimmun Rev 2022; 21:103104. [PMID: 35452851 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The presence of autoantibodies directed against the muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is the most common cause of myasthenia gravis (MG). These antibodies damage the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction and cause muscle weakness by depleting AChRs and thus impairing synaptic transmission. As one of the best-characterized antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases, AChR-MG has often served as a reference model for other autoimmune disorders. Classical pharmacological treatments, including broad-spectrum immunosuppressive drugs, are effective in many patients. However, complete remission cannot be achieved in all patients, and 10% of patients do not respond to currently used therapies. This may be attributed to production of autoantibodies by long-lived plasma cells which are resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. Hence, novel therapies specifically targeting plasma cells might be a suitable therapeutic approach for selected patients. Additionally, in order to reduce side effects of broad-spectrum immunosuppression, targeted immunotherapies and symptomatic treatments will be required. This review presents established therapies as well as novel therapeutic approaches for MG and related conditions, with a focus on AChR-MG.
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Mycobacterium bovis Wild-Type BCG or Recombinant BCG Secreting Murine IL-18 (rBCG/IL-18) Strains in Driving Immune Responses in Immunocompetent or Immunosuppressed Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040615. [PMID: 35455364 PMCID: PMC9030902 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections remain a global health problem in immunosuppressed patients. The effectiveness of BCG (Bacillus Calmette−Guérin), an anti-tuberculosis vaccine, is unsatisfactory. Finding a new vaccine candidate is a priority. We compared numerous immune markers in BCG-susceptible C57BL/6 and BCG-resistant C3H mice who had been injected with 0.9% NaCl (control) or with wild-type BCG or recombinant BCG secreting interleukin (IL)-18 (rBCG/IL-18) and in immunized mice who were immunocompromised with cyclophosphamide (CTX). The inoculation of rBCG/IL-18 in immunocompetent mice increased the percentage of bone marrow myeloblasts and promyelocytes, which were further elevated in the rBCG/IL-18/CTX-treated mice: C57BL/6 mice—3.0% and 11.4% (control) vs. 18.6% and 42.4%, respectively; C3H mice—1.1% and 7.7% (control) vs. 18.4% and 44.9%, respectively, p < 0.05. The bone marrow cells showed an increased mean fluorescence index (MFI) in the CD34 adhesion molecules: C57BL/6 mice—4.0 × 103 (control) vs. 6.2 × 103; C3H mice—4.0 × 103 (control) vs. 8.0 × 103, p < 0.05. Even in the CTX-treated mice, the rBCG/IL-18 mobilized macrophages for phagocytosis, C57BL/6 mice—4% (control) vs. 8%; C3H mice—2% (control) vs. 6%, and in immunocompetent mice, C57BL/6 induced the spleen homing of effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (TEM), 15% (control) vs. 28% and 8% (control) vs. 22%, respectively, p < 0.05. In conclusion, rBCG/IL-18 effectively induced selected immune determinants that were maintained even in immunocompromised mice.
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Brevi A, Cogrossi LL, Lorenzoni M, Mattorre B, Bellone M. The Insider: Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Cancer Immunity and Response to Therapies in Multiple Myeloma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:845422. [PMID: 35371048 PMCID: PMC8968065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.845422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota is a unique set of microorganisms colonizing the human body and evolving within it from the very beginning. Acting as an insider, the microbiota provides nutrients, and mutualistically interacts with the host’s immune system, thus contributing to the generation of barriers against pathogens. While a strong link has been documented between intestinal dysbiosis (i.e., disruption to the microbiota homeostasis) and diseases, the mechanisms by which commensal bacteria impact a wide spectrum of mucosal and extramucosal human disorders have only partially been deciphered. This is particularly puzzling for multiple myeloma (MM), a treatable but incurable neoplasia of plasma cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and lead to end-organ damage. Here we revise the most recent literature on data from both the bench and the bedside that show how the gut microbiota modulates cancer immunity, potentially impacting the progression of asymptomatic monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering MM (SMM) to full blown MM. We also explore the effect of the gut microbiome on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, chemotherapy, immunomodulating therapy and cancer immunotherapy in MM patients. Additionally, we identify the most cogent area of investigation that have the highest chance to delineate microbiota-related and pathobiology-based parameters for patient risk stratification. Lastly, we highlight microbiota-modulating strategies (i.e., diet, prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation and postbiotics) that may reduce treatment-related toxicity in patients affected by MM as well as the rates of undertreatment of SMM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Brevi
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Lucia Cogrossi
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Lorenzoni
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mattorre
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Matteo Bellone,
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Figuerêdo Moreira I, Marcelino Alvares-Saraiva A, Cristin Pérez E, Guilherme Xavier J, Denelle Spadacci-Morena D, Silva de Araújo R, Ricardo Dell'Armelina Rocha P, Anete Lallo M. Opportunistic pneumonia caused by E. cuniculi in mice immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Yu M, Li L, Ren Q, Feng H, Tao S, Cheng L, Ma L, Gou SJ, Fu P. Understanding the Gut-Kidney Axis in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis: An Analysis of Gut Microbiota Composition. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:783679. [PMID: 35140612 PMCID: PMC8819146 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.783679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggested that gut microbiota played critical roles in developing autoimmune diseases. This study investigated the correlation between gut microbiota and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) with kidney injury. We analyzed the fecal samples of 23 AAV patients with kidney injury using a 16s RNA microbial profiling approach. The alpha-diversity indexes were significantly lower in AAV patients with kidney injury than healthy controls (Sobs P < 0.001, Shannon P < 0.001, Chao P < 0.001). The beta-diversity difference demonstrated a significant difference among AAV patients with kidney injury, patients with lupus nephritis (LN), and health controls (ANOSIM, p = 0.001). Among these AAV patients, the Deltaproteobacteria, unclassified_o_Bacteroidales, Prevotellaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae Paraprevotella, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group were correlated negatively with serum creatinine, and the proportion of Deltaproteobacteria, unclassified_o_Bacteroidales, Desulfovibrionaceae, Paraprevotella, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group had a positive correlation with eGFR. In conclusion, the richness and diversity of gut microbiota were reduced in AAV patients with kidney injury, and the alteration of gut microbiota might be related with the severity of kidney injury of AAV patients. Targeted regulation of gut microbiota disorder might be a potential treatment for AAV patients with kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Yu
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingzhi Li
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Feng
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sibei Tao
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Ma, ; Shen-Ju Gou,
| | - Shen-Ju Gou
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Ma, ; Shen-Ju Gou,
| | - Ping Fu
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Mei E, Chen C, Li C, Ding X, Chen J, Xi Q, Zhou S, Liu J, Li Z. Injectable and Biodegradable Chitosan Hydrogel-Based Drug Depot Contributes to Synergistic Treatment of Tumors. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:5339-5348. [PMID: 34813280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Combined therapy provides a more effective method in the treatment of tumors and becomes a research hotspot. To improve treatment outcomes and reduce serious side effects, hydrogel-based local delivery was developed herein to form a drug depot in suit to eliminate tumors. Indocyanine green and imiquimod were coencapsulated in the novel temperature-sensitive chitosan hydrogel. After intratumoral injection of the hydrogel, indocyanine green that accumulated in the tumor area could induce thermal ablation of primary tumors under laser irradiation. In the presence of imiquimod, the immune effects increased the probability of complete ablation of primary tumors and inhibition of metastases. Combined with cyclophosphamide, the enhanced immunological responses would further inhibit tumors and prolong the survival time. In a word, this work offered an excellent local delivery platform that enabled a remarkable combined antitumor strategy and achieved synergistic therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enci Mei
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Cunguo Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Xiaoxia Ding
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Jiashe Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Qiaoer Xi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Sen Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
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Liu J, Wang X, Deng Y, Yu X, Wang H, Li Z. Research Progress on the Role of Regulatory T Cell in Tumor Microenvironment in the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:766248. [PMID: 34868991 PMCID: PMC8636122 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.766248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem comprised of cancer cells, stromal cells, and immune cells. Analysis of the composition of TME is essential to assess the prognosis of patients with breast cancer (BC) and the efficacy of different regimes. Treg plays a crucial role in the microenvironment of breast cancer subtypes, and its function contributes to the development and progression of BC by suppressing anti-tumor immunity directly or indirectly through multiple mechanisms. In addition, conventional treatments, such as anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and neo-therapies, such as immune-checkpoint blockades, have a significant impact on the absence of Tregs in BC TME, thus gaining additional anti-tumor effect to some extent. Strikingly, Treg in BC TME revealed the predicted efficacy of some therapeutic strategies. All these results suggest that we can manipulate the abundance of Treg to achieve the ultimate effect of both conventional and novel treatments. In this review, we discuss new insights into the characteristics of Treg in BC TME, the impact of different regiments on Treg, and the possibilities of Treg as a predictive marker of efficacy for certain treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhan Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Zhigao Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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Cui C, Chakraborty K, Tang XA, Schoenfelt KQ, Hoffman A, Blank A, McBeth B, Pulliam N, Reardon CA, Kulkarni SA, Vaisar T, Ballabio A, Krishnan Y, Becker L. A lysosome-targeted DNA nanodevice selectively targets macrophages to attenuate tumours. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1394-1402. [PMID: 34764452 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Activating CD8+ T cells by antigen cross-presentation is remarkably effective at eliminating tumours. Although this function is traditionally attributed to dendritic cells, tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) can also cross-present antigens. TAMs are the most abundant tumour-infiltrating leukocyte. Yet, TAMs have not been leveraged to activate CD8+ T cells because mechanisms that modulate their ability to cross-present antigens are incompletely understood. Here we show that TAMs harbour hyperactive cysteine protease activity in their lysosomes, which impedes antigen cross-presentation, thereby preventing CD8+ T cell activation. We developed a DNA nanodevice (E64-DNA) that targets the lysosomes of TAMs in mice. E64-DNA inhibits the population of cysteine proteases that is present specifically inside the lysosomes of TAMs, improves their ability to cross-present antigens and attenuates tumour growth via CD8+ T cells. When combined with cyclophosphamide, E64-DNA showed sustained tumour regression in a triple-negative-breast-cancer model. Our studies demonstrate that DNA nanodevices can be targeted with organelle-level precision to reprogram macrophages and achieve immunomodulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Cui
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kasturi Chakraborty
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xu Anna Tang
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kelly Q Schoenfelt
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexandria Hoffman
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ariane Blank
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Blake McBeth
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natalie Pulliam
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catherine A Reardon
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Swati A Kulkarni
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yamuna Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Lev Becker
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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33
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Yan H, Lu J, Wang J, Chen L, Wang Y, Li L, Miao L, Zhang H. Prevention of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice With Traditional Chinese Medicine Xuanfei Baidu Decoction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:730567. [PMID: 34737699 PMCID: PMC8560678 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.730567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Xuanfei Baidu decoction (XFBD), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, was designed and successfully applied for COVID-19 disease treatment in China, while the mechanism is still not clear. Methods: To evaluate the protective effect of XFBD on immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide (CY)-treated mice, XFBD was orally administrated, the body weight was measured, and the immune organ index was calculated. HE staining was performed to analyze the pathological structures of the liver, spleen, and thymus. The levels of cytokines and immunoglobulin in the serum and spleen were evaluated by ELISA and RT-PCR. Splenic lymphocytes were isolated, and LPS-stimulated cell proliferation and the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were evaluated. Results: XFBD significantly suppressed body weight loss and increased the indices of spleen and thymus. The pathological alteration was much improved after XFBD administration. The reductions of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IgG, and IgM levels in serum and IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 expressions in the spleen were all significantly alleviated by XFBD. Splenic lymphocyte proliferation in response to LPS was further enhanced after treatment with XFBD. The reduction of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in CY-treated mice was also highly increased in XFBD groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that XFBD played a crucial role in protection against immunosuppression in CY-treated mice and could be a potential candidate for immune modification and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiabao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Wertman JN, Dunn KA, Kulkarni K. The impact of the host intestinal microbiome on carcinogenesis and the response to chemotherapy. Future Oncol 2021; 17:4371-4387. [PMID: 34448411 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome consists of all microbes present on and within the human body. An unbalanced, or 'dysbiotic' intestinal microbiome is associated with inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes and some cancer types. Drug treatment can alter the intestinal microbiome composition. Additionally, some chemotherapeutics interact with microbiome components, leading to changes in drug safety and/or efficacy. The intestinal microbiome is a modifiable target, using strategies such as antibiotic treatment, fecal microbial transplantation or probiotic administration. Understanding the impact of the microbiome on the safety and efficacy of cancer treatment may result in improved treatment outcome. The present review seeks to summarize relevant research and look to the future of cancer treatment, where the intestinal microbiome is recognized as an actionable treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime N Wertman
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Dalhousie University/IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Katherine A Dunn
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Dalhousie University/IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Ketan Kulkarni
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Dalhousie University/IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
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35
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Li B, Gong T, Hao Y, Zhou X, Cheng L. Mining the Gut Microbiota for Microbial-Based Therapeutic Strategies in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:721249. [PMID: 34589427 PMCID: PMC8473692 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.721249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The past two decades witnessed a revolution in our understanding of host–microbiota interactions that led to the concept of the super-organism consisting of a eukaryotic part and a prokaryotic part. Owing to the critical role of gut microbiota in modulating the host immune system, it is not beyond all expectations that more and more evidence indicated that the shift of gut microbiota influenced responses to numerous forms of cancer immunotherapy. Therapy targeting gut microbiota is becoming a promising strategy to improve cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the role of the gut microbiota in response to cancer immunotherapy, the mechanisms that the gut microbiota influences cancer immunotherapy, and therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbiota to improve cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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36
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Yu ZK, Xie RL, You R, Liu YP, Chen XY, Chen MY, Huang PY. The role of the bacterial microbiome in the treatment of cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:934. [PMID: 34412621 PMCID: PMC8375149 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome is defined as the microorganisms that reside in or on the human body, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their genomes. The human microbiome participates in the modulation of human metabolism by influencing several intricate pathways. The association between specific bacteria or viruses and the efficacy of cancer treatments and the occurrence of treatment-related toxicity in cancer patients has been reported. However, the understanding of the interaction between the host microbiome and the cancer treatment response is limited, and the microbiome potentially plays a greater role in the treatment of cancer than reported to date. Here, we provide a thorough review of the potential role of the gut and locally resident bacterial microbiota in modulating responses to different cancer therapeutics to demonstrate the association between the gut or locally resident bacterial microbiota and cancer therapy. Probable mechanisms, such as metabolism, the immune response and the translocation of microbiome constituents, are discussed to promote future research into the association between the microbiome and other types of cancer. We conclude that the interaction between the host immune system and the microbiome may be the basis of the role of the microbiome in cancer therapies. Future research on the association between host immunity and the microbiome may improve the efficacy of several cancer treatments and provide insights into the cause of treatment-related side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Kun Yu
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rui-Ling Xie
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rui You
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - You-Ping Liu
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xu-Yin Chen
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Chen
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Pei-Yu Huang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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37
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Hofman L, Lawler SE, Lamfers MLM. The Multifaceted Role of Macrophages in Oncolytic Virotherapy. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081570. [PMID: 34452439 PMCID: PMC8402704 DOI: 10.3390/v13081570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the cancer hallmarks is immune evasion mediated by the tumour microenvironment (TME). Oncolytic virotherapy is a form of immunotherapy based on the application of oncolytic viruses (OVs) that selectively replicate in and induce the death of tumour cells. Virotherapy confers reciprocal interaction with the host’s immune system. The aim of this review is to explore the role of macrophage-mediated responses in oncolytic virotherapy efficacy. The approach was to study current scientific literature in this field in order to give a comprehensive overview of the interactions of OVs and macrophages and their effects on the TME. The innate immune system has a central influence on the TME; tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) generally have immunosuppressive, tumour-supportive properties. In the context of oncolytic virotherapy, macrophages were initially thought to predominantly contribute to anti-viral responses, impeding viral spread. However, macrophages have now also been found to mediate transport of OV particles and, after TME infiltration, to be subjected to a phenotypic shift that renders them pro-inflammatory and tumour-suppressive. These TAMs can present tumour antigens leading to a systemic, durable, adaptive anti-tumour immune response. After phagocytosis, they can recirculate carrying tissue-derived proteins, which potentially enables the monitoring of OV replication in the TME. Their role in therapeutic efficacy is therefore multifaceted, but based on research applying relevant, immunocompetent tumour models, macrophages are considered to have a central function in anti-cancer activity. These novel insights hold important clinical implications. When optimised, oncolytic virotherapy, mediating multifactorial inhibition of cancer immune evasion, could contribute to improved patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hofman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Sean E. Lawler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Martine L. M. Lamfers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-010-703-5993
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38
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LONE ISFAQBASIR, SINGH SATYAPAL, CHOUDHARY GOVINDKUMAR. Immunomodulatory efficacy of methanolic extract of Ajuga macrosperma in cyclophosphamide induced immunocompromised rat. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i12.113168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate immunomodulatory potential of Ajuga macrosperma against cyclophoshphamide (CP) induced immunosupression in rats. The immunological parameters such as haemaglutation (HA) titre and serum immunoglobulin (Ig) for humoral immunity (HI); lymphocyte stimulation test (LST), phagocytic index test, neutrophil adhesion test (NAT) and delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) for cellular immunity(CMI) were determined. The cyclophoshphamide treatment significantly suppressed both HI and CMI responses, which were significantly improved following treatment with 100 ppm and 200 ppm of methanolic extract of Ajuga macrosperma (MEAM) in dose dependent manner. The decreases in HI and CMI related parameters by CP treatment revealed immunosuppresion, whereas simultaneous treatment with MEAM ameliorated immune response which indicated immunomodulatory properties of Ajuga macrosperma.
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39
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Meng X, Sun X, Liu Z, He Y. A novel era of cancer/testis antigen in cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107889. [PMID: 34174699 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a regimen that is especially utilized in many advanced cancers. Tumor antigens include tumor-specific antigens and tumor-associated antigens, and they function as targets for immunotherapy, such as cancer vaccines and autologous T cells. Cancer/testis antigens (CTAs), which is a group of genes that are restrictedly expressed in malignant cells as well as some germline cells, are tumor-associated antigens. These expression characteristics make CTAs promising candidates for vaccine or T cell therapy targets. Cancer vaccines utilize cancer antigens to induce specific cellular and humoral immune responses to strengthen the body's immune system. T cell transfer therapy refers to genetically modifying T cells to express antigen-specific T cell receptors or chimeric antigen receptors, both of which can be directly activated by tumor antigens. Moreover, combined therapies are being investigated based on CTAs. Current studies have mainly focused on MAGE-A, NY-ESO-1, and IL-13Rα. And we will review clinical trials of CTA-based immunotherapies related to these three antigens. We will summarize completed trials and results and examine the future trends in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Meng
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xueqing Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhonglong Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.
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40
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Harada M, Iida Y, Kotani H, Minami T, Komohara Y, Eto M, Yoshikawa K, Uemura H. T-cell responses and combined immunotherapy against human carbonic anhydrase 9-expressing mouse renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:339-352. [PMID: 34160685 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is known to respond to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, whereas there has been limited analysis of T-cell responses to RCC. In this study, we utilized human carbonic anhydrase 9 (hCA9) as a model neoantigen of mouse RENCA RCC. hCA9-expressing RENCA RCC (RENCA/hCA9) cells were rejected in young mice but grew in aged mice. CD8+ T cells were the primary effector cells involved in rejection in young mice, whereas CD4+ T cells participated at the early stage. Screening of a panel of hCA9-derived peptides revealed that mouse CD8+ T cells responded to hCA9288-296 peptide. Mouse CD4+ T cells responded to lysates of RENCA/hCA9, but not RENCA cells, and showed reactivity to hCA9 276-290, which shares three amino acids with hCA9 288-296 peptide. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that few T cells infiltrated RENCA/hCA9 tissues in aged mice. ICB therapy of anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 antibodies promoted T-cell infiltration into tumor tissues, whereas no definite antitumor effect was observed. However, additional combination with cyclophosphamide or axitinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor, induced complete regression in half of the RENCA/hCA9-bearing aged mice with increased expression of PD-L1 in tumor tissues. These results indicate that hCA9 can be a useful model neoantigen to investigate antitumor T-cell responses in mice with RCC, and that RENCA/hCA9 in aged mice can serve as a non-inflamed 'cold' tumor model facilitating the development of effective combined immunotherapies for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Harada
- Department of Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Iida
- Department of Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kotani
- Department of Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Takafumi Minami
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshikawa
- Division of Research Creation and Biobank, Research Creation Support Center, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Uemura
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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41
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Treatment with lentiviral vectors encoding shRNA against interleukin 10 modulates the immunosuppressive activity of murine colon carcinoma-associated myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:582. [PMID: 34122633 PMCID: PMC8190769 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are potent suppressors of antitumor immunity and their accumulation is often associated with poor prognosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanisms of action of lentiviral vectors encoding short hairpin (sh)RNA against interleukin-10 (IL-10), with particular emphasis on their influence on the activity of tumor-derived MDSCs. Lentiviral vectors encoding shRNA against IL-10 (shIL-10 LVs) were utilized to silence the expression of IL-10 either in MDSCs that were generated ex vivo from bone marrow cells cultured in the presence of supernatant from MC38 colon carcinoma cells, or in situ in the MC38 murine colon carcinoma environment. Although monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs) transduced with shIL-10 LVs exhibited increased suppressor activity, transduction of polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) appeared to reduce their ability to inhibit T lymphocyte functions. Analysis of EGFP expression in MC38 tumors revealed that intratumorally inoculated shIL-10 LVs transduced tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells with the highest efficiency and, led to a decreased IL-10 level in the tumor microenvironment. However, the effect was accompanied by increased influx of PMN-MDSCs into tumors observed both on the 6th and on the 10th day after shIL-10 LV injections. Nevertheless, it was noted that suppressor activity of myeloid cells isolated from tumors was dependent on the efficiency of tumor-derived PMN-MDSC transduction with shIL-10 LVs. The increased percentage of transduced PMN-MDSCs on the 10th day was associated with diminished immunosuppressive activity of tumor-derived myeloid cells and an elevated ratio of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to M-MDSCs. The obtained data indicated that treatment with shIL-10 LVs may result in modulation of the immunosuppressive activity of MC38 colon carcinoma-derived MDSCs.
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Huang R, Xie J, Liu X, Shen M. Sulfated modification enhances the modulatory effect of yam polysaccharide on gut microbiota in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Food Res Int 2021; 145:110393. [PMID: 34112396 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study has demonstrated that sulfated yam polysaccharide (SCYP) had a stronger immunomodulatory activity than yam polysaccharide (CYP). In order to investigate how the sulfated modification influence the immunological activity of CYP, this research was mainly focused on the study of gut microbiotal. The results showed that SCYP treatment could increase the digestive enzyme activities of colon contents and restore the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice that were decreased by cyclophosphamide (Cy) treatment. Furthermore, SCYP treatment could modulate the structure of the gut microbiota, which was mainly manifest in the result of an increased abundances of Lactobacillus, Bacteroidetes and Akkermansia, and the decrease of the proportion of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia in the microbial community. Diversity and overall structure of microbial community were also improved by SCYP treatment based on alpha-diversity and beta-diversity analysis results. The biomarkers of the gut microbial that were regulated by SCYP have been identified by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe). These findings further indicate that there is great potential for SCYP to be developed into prebiotics or functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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43
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Goubet AG, Wheeler R, Fluckiger A, Qu B, Lemaître F, Iribarren K, Mondragón L, Tidjani Alou M, Pizzato E, Durand S, Derosa L, Aprahamian F, Bossut N, Moya-Nilges M, Derrien D, Chen G, Leduc M, Joseph A, Pons N, Le Chatelier E, Segata N, Yonekura S, Iebba V, Kepp O, Raoult D, André F, Kroemer G, Boneca IG, Zitvogel L, Daillère R. Multifaceted modes of action of the anticancer probiotic Enterococcus hirae. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2276-2295. [PMID: 33976389 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A deviated repertoire of the gut microbiome predicts resistance to cancer immunotherapy. Enterococcus hirae compensated cancer-associated dysbiosis in various tumor models. However, the mechanisms by which E. hirae restored the efficacy of cyclophosphamide administered with concomitant antibiotics remain ill defined. Here, we analyzed the multifaceted modes of action of this anticancer probiotic. Firstly, E. hirae elicited emigration of thymocytes and triggered systemic and intratumoral IFNγ-producing and CD137-expressing effector memory T cell responses. Secondly, E. hirae activated the autophagy machinery in enterocytes and mediated ATG4B-dependent anticancer effects, likely as a consequence of its ability to increase local delivery of polyamines. Thirdly, E. hirae shifted the host microbiome toward a Bifidobacteria-enriched ecosystem. In contrast to the live bacterium, its pasteurized cells or membrane vesicles were devoid of anticancer properties. These pleiotropic functions allow the design of optimal immunotherapies combining E. hirae with CD137 agonistic antibodies, spermidine, or Bifidobacterium animalis. We surmise that immunological, metabolic, epithelial, and microbial modes of action of the live E. hirae cooperate to circumvent primary resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Gaëlle Goubet
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Richard Wheeler
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut Pasteur Paris, Unit Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell Wall, CNRS UMR 2001, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Fluckiger
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bo Qu
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fabien Lemaître
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,EverImmune, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Kristina Iribarren
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,EverImmune, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Mondragón
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Maryam Tidjani Alou
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Eugénie Pizzato
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Sylvère Durand
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Lisa Derosa
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Fanny Aprahamian
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Noélie Bossut
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Diane Derrien
- Institut Pasteur Paris, Unit Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell Wall, CNRS UMR 2001, Paris, France
| | - Guo Chen
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Marion Leduc
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Joseph
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Pons
- MetaGenoPolis, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Satoru Yonekura
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Valerio Iebba
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Université, IHU Méditerranée Infection, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice André
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Suzhou Institute for Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Ivo Gomperts Boneca
- Institut Pasteur Paris, Unit Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell Wall, CNRS UMR 2001, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France. .,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France. .,Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. .,Center of Clinical Investigations BIOTHERIS, Villejuif, France.
| | - Romain Daillère
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France. .,EverImmune, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.
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Abd El-Ghafar OAM, Hassanein EHM, Sayed AM, Rashwan EK, Shalkami AGS, Mahmoud AM. Acetovanillone prevents cyclophosphamide-induced acute lung injury by modulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Nrf2 signaling in rats. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4499-4510. [PMID: 33969557 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a medication used as an anticancer drug and to suppress the immune system. However, its clinical applications are restricted because of the toxic and adverse side effects. The present study investigated the protective effect of acetovanillone (AV), a natural NADPH oxidase inhibitor, against acute lung injury (ALI) induced by CP. Rats were administered AV (100 mg/kg) for 10 days and a single injection of CP (200 mg/kg) at day 7. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and lung samples were collected for analyses. CP caused ALI manifested by the histopathological alterations. Lipid peroxidation and NADPH oxidase activity were increased, whereas GSH and antioxidant enzymes were decreased in the lung of CP-intoxicated rats. Oral administration of AV prevented CP-induced lung injury and oxidative stress and enhanced antioxidant defenses. AV downregulated Keap1 and upregulated Nrf2, GCLC, HO-1, and SOD3 mRNA. In addition, AV boosted the expression of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and cytoglobin. In vitro, AV showed a synergistic anticancer effect when combined with CP. In conclusion, AV protected against CP-induced ALI by attenuating oxidative stress and boosting Nrf2/HO-1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Therefore, AV might represent a promising adjuvant to prevent lung injury in patients receiving CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia A M Abd El-Ghafar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Eman K Rashwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Gawad S Shalkami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt.,Biotechnology Department, Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
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45
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陈 思, 赵 泽, 龙 浩. [Application of Neoadjuvant Immuno-chemotherapy in NSCLC]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2021; 24:284-292. [PMID: 33910277 PMCID: PMC8105607 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2021.102.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Even patients after standard surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy still have a high risk of recurrence and metastasis. With the success of immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the application of immunotherapy in locally advanced NSCLC has being investigated to reduce the recurrence and metastasis. Pre-clinical studies and several phase II clinical studies had provided theoretical support and clinical evidence for neoadjuvant immunotherapy for NSCLC. This review describes the mechanism of neoadjuvant immuno-chemotherapy, summarizes up-to-date clinical studies, and analyzes efficiency and feasibility of neoadjuvant immune monotherapy or immuno-chemotherapy. Results from four studies (NCT02259621, NEOSTAR, LCMC3 and ChiCTR-OIC-17013726) showed efficiency and feasibility of neoadjuvant anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) monotherapy. Neoadjuvant nivolumab plus ipilimumab achieved higher major pathological response rate than nivolumab monotherapy. However, the combination of nivolumab plus ipilimumab led to more severe adverse events as is seen in the NEOSTAR trial. Results from NCT02716038, SAKK 16/14 and NADIM studies suggest that the pathological response rate of neoadjuvant immune-chemotherapy is higher than neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy. This review also elaborates the mechanism of chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy, and discusses the efficacy evaluation after neoadjuvant immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- 思 陈
- />510060 广州,中山大学肿瘤防治中心胸外科Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - 泽锐 赵
- />510060 广州,中山大学肿瘤防治中心胸外科Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - 浩 龙
- />510060 广州,中山大学肿瘤防治中心胸外科Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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46
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Kaczanowska S, Beury DW, Gopalan V, Tycko AK, Qin H, Clements ME, Drake J, Nwanze C, Murgai M, Rae Z, Ju W, Alexander KA, Kline J, Contreras CF, Wessel KM, Patel S, Hannenhalli S, Kelly MC, Kaplan RN. Genetically engineered myeloid cells rebalance the core immune suppression program in metastasis. Cell 2021; 184:2033-2052.e21. [PMID: 33765443 PMCID: PMC8344805 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and greater knowledge of the metastatic microenvironment is necessary to effectively target this process. Microenvironmental changes occur at distant sites prior to clinically detectable metastatic disease; however, the key niche regulatory signals during metastatic progression remain poorly characterized. Here, we identify a core immune suppression gene signature in pre-metastatic niche formation that is expressed predominantly by myeloid cells. We target this immune suppression program by utilizing genetically engineered myeloid cells (GEMys) to deliver IL-12 to modulate the metastatic microenvironment. Our data demonstrate that IL12-GEMy treatment reverses immune suppression in the pre-metastatic niche by activating antigen presentation and T cell activation, resulting in reduced metastatic and primary tumor burden and improved survival of tumor-bearing mice. We demonstrate that IL12-GEMys can functionally modulate the core program of immune suppression in the pre-metastatic niche to successfully rebalance the dysregulated metastatic microenvironment in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Kaczanowska
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel W Beury
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vishaka Gopalan
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arielle K Tycko
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Haiying Qin
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Miranda E Clements
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Justin Drake
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chiadika Nwanze
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meera Murgai
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zachary Rae
- Single Cell Analysis Facility, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Ju
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katherine A Alexander
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jessica Kline
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cristina F Contreras
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristin M Wessel
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shil Patel
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sridhar Hannenhalli
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael C Kelly
- Single Cell Analysis Facility, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Gramajo Lopez A, Gutiérrez F, Saavedra L, Hebert EM, Alvarez S, Salva S. Improvement of Myelopoiesis in Cyclophosphamide-Immunosuppressed Mice by Oral Administration of Viable or Non-Viable Lactobacillus Strains. Front Immunol 2021; 12:647049. [PMID: 33912172 PMCID: PMC8072128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.647049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelosuppression is the major dose-limiting toxicity of cancer chemotherapy. There have been many attempts to find new strategies that reduce myelosuppression. The dietary supplementation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) improved respiratory innate immune response and the resistance against respiratory pathogens in immunosupressed hosts. Although LAB viability is an important factor in achieving optimal protective effects, non-viable LAB are capable of stimulating immunity. In this work, we studied the ability of oral preventive administration of viable and non-viable Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 or L. plantarum CRL1506 (Lr05, Lr05NV, Lp06V or Lp06NV, respectively) to minimize myelosuppressive and immunosuppressive effects derived from chemotherapy. Cyclophosphamide (Cy) impaired steady-state myelopoiesis in lactobacilli-treated and untreated control mice. Lr05V, Lr05NV and Lp06V treatments were the most effective to induce the early recovery of bone marrow (BM) tissue architecture, leukocytes, myeloid, pool mitotic and post-mitotic, peroxidase positive, and Gr-1Low/High cells in BM. We selected the CRL1505 strain for being the one capable of maintaining its myelopoiesis-enhancing properties in its non-viable form. Although the CRL1505 treatments do not modify the Cy ability to induce apoptosis, both increased the incorporation of BrdU in BM cells. Consequently, Lr05NV and Lr05V treatments were able to promote early recovery of LSK cells (Lin-Sca-1+c-Kit+ cells), multipotent progenitors (Lin-Sca-1+c-Kit+CD34+ cells), and myeloid cells (Gr-1+Ly6G+Ly6C- cells) with respect to the untreated Cy control. In addition, these treatments were able to increase the frequency of IL17A-producing innate lymphoid cells in the intestinal lamina propria (IL-17A+RORγt+CD4-NKp46+ cells) after Cy injection. These results were correlated with an increase in the IL-17A serum levels, a GM-CSF high expression and a CXCL12 lower expression in BM. Therefore, both Lr05V and Lr05NV treatments are able to activate beneficially the IL-17A/GM-CSF axis and accelerate the recovery of Cy-induced immunosuppression by increasing BM myeloid precursors. We demonstrated for the first time the beneficial effect of CRL1505 strain on myelopoiesis affected by a chemotherapeutic drug. Furthermore, Lr05NV could be a good and safe resource for reducing chemotherapy-induced leukopenia. The results are a starting point for future research and open up broad prospects for future applications of the immunobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Gramajo Lopez
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Florencia Gutiérrez
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Lucila Saavedra
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Elvira Maria Hebert
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Susana Alvarez
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Institute of Applied Biochemistry, Tucumán University, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Susana Salva
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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Ciccolella M, Andreone S, Mancini J, Sestili P, Negri D, Pacca AM, D’Urso MT, Macchia D, Canese R, Pang K, SaiYing Ko T, Decadt Y, Schiavoni G, Mattei F, Belardelli F, Aricò E, Bracci L. Anticancer Effects of Sublingual Type I IFN in Combination with Chemotherapy in Implantable and Spontaneous Tumor Models. Cells 2021; 10:845. [PMID: 33917958 PMCID: PMC8068355 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms representing less than 10% of all head and neck tumors. Among salivary gland tumors, salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare, but highly aggressive malignant tumor resembling ductal breast carcinoma. Sublingual treatments are promising for SDC due to the induction of both local and systemic biological effects and to reduced systemic toxicity compared to other administration routes. In the present study, we first established that the sublingual administration of type I IFN (IFN-I) is safe and feasible, and exerts antitumor effects both as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy in transplantable tumor models, i.e., B16-OVA melanoma and EG.7-OVA lymphoma. Subsequently, we proved that sublingual IFN-I in combination with cyclophosphamide (CTX) induces a long-lasting reduction of tumor mass in NeuT transgenic mice that spontaneously develop SDC. Most importantly, tumor shrinkage in NeuT transgenic micewas accompanied by the emergence of tumor-specific cellular immune responses both in the blood and in the tumor tissue. Altogether, these results provide evidence that sublingual IFN holds promise in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ciccolella
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (S.A.); (J.M.); (G.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Sara Andreone
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (S.A.); (J.M.); (G.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Jacopo Mancini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (S.A.); (J.M.); (G.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Paola Sestili
- National Center for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Donatella Negri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Pacca
- Animal Research and Welfare Centre, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.P.); (M.T.D.); (D.M.)
| | - Maria Teresa D’Urso
- Animal Research and Welfare Centre, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.P.); (M.T.D.); (D.M.)
| | - Daniele Macchia
- Animal Research and Welfare Centre, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.P.); (M.T.D.); (D.M.)
| | - Rossella Canese
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ken Pang
- Biolingus AG, CH-6052 Hergiswil NW, Switzerland; (K.P.); (T.S.K.); (Y.D.)
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville 3052, Australia
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas SaiYing Ko
- Biolingus AG, CH-6052 Hergiswil NW, Switzerland; (K.P.); (T.S.K.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yves Decadt
- Biolingus AG, CH-6052 Hergiswil NW, Switzerland; (K.P.); (T.S.K.); (Y.D.)
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (S.A.); (J.M.); (G.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (S.A.); (J.M.); (G.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Filippo Belardelli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Eleonora Aricò
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Bracci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (S.A.); (J.M.); (G.S.); (F.M.)
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Zhao S, Peng X, Zhou QY, Huang YY, Rao X, Tu JL, Xiao HY, Liu DM. Bacillus coagulans 13002 and fructo-oligosaccharides improve the immunity of mice with immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide through modulating intestinal-derived and fecal microbiota. Food Res Int 2021; 140:109793. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zhu H, He YS, Ma J, Zhou J, Kong M, Wu CY, Mao Q, Lin G, Li SL. The dual roles of ginsenosides in improving the anti-tumor efficiency of cyclophosphamide in mammary carcinoma mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113271. [PMID: 32853742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is a first line chemotherapeutic agent, but often limited for its unstable therapeutic effect and serious side effects. Ginsenosides could facilitate the anti-tumor efficiency of CTX, including benefiting therapeutic effect and decreasing side effects. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the potential mechanism of ginsenosides on benefiting the anti-tumor efficiency of CTX. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mammary carcinoma mice were applied to investigate the anti-tumor efficiency and potential mechanism of combinational treatment of ginsenosides and CTX. Therapeutic effect was evaluated based on survival rate, tumor burden, tumor growth inhibition rate, and apoptosis and histological changes of tumor tissues. Anti-tumor immunity was studied by measuring serum level of anti-tumor cytokines. Gut mucositis, one of lethal side effects of CTX, was evaluated by diarrhea degree, gut permeability and tight junction proteins expressions. Gut microbial diversity was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and fecal transplant and antibiotics sterilized animals were performed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of gut microbiota on tumor suppression. RESULTS Ginsenosides facilitated the therapeutic effect of CTX in mice, which manifested as prolonged survival rate, decreased tumor burden, as well as enhanced tumor growth inhibition rate and apoptosis. The favoring effect was related to elevation of anti-tumor immunity which manifested as the increased anti-tumor cytokines (INF-γ, IL-17, IL-2 and IL-6). Further studies indicated the elevation was ascribed to ginsenosides promoted reproduction of gut probiotics including Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Moreover, co-administration of ginsenosides in mice alleviated CTX-induced gut mucositis, including lower gut permeability, less diarrhea, less epithelium damage and higher tight junction proteins. Further researches suggested the alleviation was related to ginsenosides activated Nrf2 and inhibited NFκB pathways. CONCLUSION Ginsenosides show dual roles to facilitate the anti-tumor efficiency of CTX, namely promote the anti-tumor immunity through maintaining gut microflora and ameliorate gut mucositis by modulating Nrf2 and NFκB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Sheng He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jiang Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Ying Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ge Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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