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Paylar B, Bezabhe YH, Jass J, Olsson PE. Exploring the Sublethal Impacts of Cu and Zn on Daphnia magna: a transcriptomic perspective. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:790. [PMID: 39160502 PMCID: PMC11331620 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal contamination of aquatic environments remains a major concern due to their persistence. The water flea Daphnia magna is an important model species for metal toxicity studies and water quality assessment. However, most research has focused on physiological endpoints such as mortality, growth, and reproduction in laboratory settings, as well as neglected toxicogenomic responses. Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are essential trace elements that play crucial roles in many biological processes, including iron metabolism, connective tissue formation, neurotransmitter synthesis, DNA synthesis, and immune function. Excess amounts of these metals result in deviations from homeostasis and may induce toxic responses. In this study, we analyzed Daphnia magna transcriptomic responses to IC5 levels of Cu (120 µg/L) and Zn (300 µg/L) in environmental water obtained from a pristine lake with adjusted water hardness (150 mg/L CaCO3). The study was carried out to gain insights into the Cu and Zn regulated stress response mechanisms in Daphnia magna at transcriptome level. A total of 2,688 and 3,080 genes were found to be differentially expressed (DEG) between the control and Cu and the control and Zn, respectively. There were 1,793 differentially expressed genes in common for both Cu and Zn, whereas the number of unique DEGs for Cu and Zn were 895 and 1,287, respectively. Gene ontology and KEGG pathways enrichment were carried out to identify the molecular functions and biological processes affected by metal exposures. In addition to well-known biomarkers, novel targets for metal toxicity screening at the genomic level were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkay Paylar
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
- , Örebro, Sweden
| | - Yared H Bezabhe
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
- , Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jana Jass
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
- , Örebro, Sweden
| | - Per-Erik Olsson
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
- , Örebro, Sweden.
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2
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Claudia MV, Javiera AA, Sebastián NS, José FR, Gloria L. Interplay between desiccation and oxidative stress responses in iron-oxidizing acidophilic bacteria. J Biotechnol 2024; 383:64-72. [PMID: 38311245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Variations in water availability represent a foremost stress factor affecting the growth and survival of microorganisms. Acidophilic bioleaching bacteria are industrially applied for releasing metals from mineral sulphides, and they are considered extremely tolerant to oxidative conditions prevailing in acidic bioleaching environments. Such processes usually are performed in heaps and thus these microorganisms are also exposed to intermittent desiccations or high osmolarity periods that reduce the water availability. However, the tolerance to water stress and the molecular basis of adaptation to it are still largely unknown. The aim of this work was to determine the cellular response to desiccation stress and establish its relationship to oxidative stress response in the acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 and Leptospirillum ferriphilum DSM 14647. Results showed that the exposure of cell cultures to desiccation (0-120 min) led to a significant reduction in cell growth, and to an increase in content in reactive oxygen species in both bacteria. However, Leptospirillum ferriphilum turned out to be more tolerant than Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. In addition, the pre-treatment of the cell cultures with compatible solutes (trehalose and ectoine), and antioxidants (glutathione and cobalamin) restored all stress parameters to levels exhibited by the control cultures. To evaluate the role of the osmotic and redox homeostasis mechanisms in coping with desiccation stress, the relative expression of a set of selected genes was approached by RT-qPCR experiments in cells exposed to desiccation for 30 min. Results showed a generalized upregulation of genes that code for mechanosensitive channels, and enzymes related to the biosynthesis of compatible solutes and oxidative stress response in both bacteria. These data suggest that acidophiles show variable tolerance to desiccation and allow to establish that water stress can trigger oxidative stress, and thus anti-oxidative protection capability can be a relevant mechanism when cells are challenged by desiccation or other anhydrobiosis states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muñoz-Villagrán Claudia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 3363, Chile
| | - Acevedo-Arbunic Javiera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 3363, Chile
| | - Navarro-Salazar Sebastián
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 3363, Chile
| | - Fuentes-Rubio José
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 3363, Chile
| | - Levicán Gloria
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 3363, Chile.
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3
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Sun J, He X, LE Y, Al-Tohamy R, Ali SS. Potential applications of extremophilic bacteria in the bioremediation of extreme environments contaminated with heavy metals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:120081. [PMID: 38237330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Protecting the environment from harmful pollutants has become increasingly difficult in recent decades. The presence of heavy metal (HM) pollution poses a serious environmental hazard that requires intricate attention on a worldwide scale. Even at low concentrations, HMs have the potential to induce deleterious health effects in both humans and other living organisms. Therefore, various strategies have been proposed to address this issue, with extremophiles being a promising solution. Bacteria that exhibit resistance to metals are preferred for applications involving metal removal due to their capacity for rapid multiplication and growth. Extremophiles are a special group of microorganisms that are capable of surviving under extreme conditions such as extreme temperatures, pH levels, and high salt concentrations where other organisms cannot. Due to their unique enzymes and adaptive capabilities, extremophiles are well suited as catalysts for environmental biotechnology applications, including the bioremediation of HMs through various strategies. The mechanisms of resistance to HMs by extremophilic bacteria encompass: (i) metal exclusion by permeability barrier; (ii) extracellular metal sequestration by protein/chelator binding; (iii) intracellular sequestration of the metal by protein/chelator binding; (iv) enzymatic detoxification of a metal to a less toxic form; (v) active transport of HMs; (vi) passive tolerance; (vii) reduced metal sensitivity of cellular targets to metal ions; and (viii) morphological change of cells. This review provides comprehensive information on extremophilic bacteria and their potential roles for bioremediation, particularly in environments contaminated with HMs, which pose a threat due to their stability and persistence. Genetic engineering of extremophilic bacteria in stressed environments could help in the bioremediation of contaminated sites. Due to their unique characteristics, these organisms and their enzymes are expected to bridge the gap between biological and chemical industrial processes. However, the structure and biochemical properties of extremophilic bacteria, along with any possible long-term effects of their applications, need to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Xing He
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yilin LE
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Rania Al-Tohamy
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Sameh S Ali
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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4
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Shi Y, Wu W, Yang Y, Liu X, Lin J, Liu X, Lin J, Pang X. Gene knockout of glutathione reductase results in increased sensitivity to heavy metals in Acidithiobacillus caldus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1250330. [PMID: 37799601 PMCID: PMC10547865 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1250330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acidithiobacillus caldus plays an important role in bioleaching of low-grade metal ore. It can promote the release of heavy metals in mining-associated habitats and survive in high concentrations of heavy metals. Functions of glutathione reductase (GR) in cell defense against reactive oxygen species caused by heavy metals have been elucidated in some eukaryotic cells and bacteria; however, no information is available in A. caldus. In this research, the methods of bioinformatics, gene expression, GR activity assays were used to detect and characterize the glutathione reductase gene from the A. caldus MTH-04 strain. Then, A. caldus gr knockout mutant and gr overexpression strain were constructed, and the heavy metal tolerant properties and transcriptional levels of ROS related genes of them were compared to study the function of GR. The results showed that, a putative gr gene F0726_RS04210 was detected in the genome of A. caldus MTH-04. The purified recombinant protein of F0726_RS04210 showed remarkable GR activity at optimal pH 7.0 and 30°C using in vitro assay. The evolutionary relationship of GR from A. caldus MTH-04 was close to that from Escherichia coli K12. Gene knockout or overexpression of gr in A. caldus did not affect the growth rate on S0 medium, suggesting that GR did not play a key role in the activation of sulfur. Deletion of gr resulted in increased sensitivity to heavy metals (Cu2+ and Zn2+) in A. caldus, and the gr overexpression strain showed enhanced tolerance to heavy metals. Furthermore, transcription analysis also revealed strong correlations between GR and the antioxidant pathway. The above results suggest that GR can play an important role in heavy metal tolerance in A. caldus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianqun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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5
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Shurygina IA, Prozorova GF, Trukhan IS, Korzhova SA, Dremina NN, Emel’yanov AI, Say OV, Kuznetsova NP, Pozdnyakov AS, Shurygin MG. Evaluation of the Safety and Toxicity of the Original Copper Nanocomposite Based on Poly-N-vinylimidazole. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:16. [PMID: 35009966 PMCID: PMC8746882 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A new original copper nanocomposite based on poly-N-vinylimidazole was synthesized and characterized by a complex of modern physicochemical and biological methods. The low cytotoxicity of the copper nanocomposite in relation to the cultured hepatocyte cells was found. The possibility to involve the copper from the nanocomposite in the functioning of the copper-dependent enzyme systems was evaluated during the incubation of the hepatocyte culture with this nanocomposite introduced to the nutrient medium. The synthesized new water-soluble copper-containing nanocomposite is promising for biotechnological and biomedical research as a new non-toxic hydrophilic preparation that is allowed to regulate the work of key enzymes involved in energy metabolism and antioxidant protection as well as potentially serving as an additional source of copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Shurygina
- Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, 1 Bortsov Revolutsii Street, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia; (I.S.T.); (N.N.D.); (O.V.S.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Galina F. Prozorova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia; (G.F.P.); (S.A.K.); (A.I.E.); (N.P.K.); (A.S.P.)
| | - Irina S. Trukhan
- Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, 1 Bortsov Revolutsii Street, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia; (I.S.T.); (N.N.D.); (O.V.S.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Svetlana A. Korzhova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia; (G.F.P.); (S.A.K.); (A.I.E.); (N.P.K.); (A.S.P.)
| | - Nataliya N. Dremina
- Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, 1 Bortsov Revolutsii Street, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia; (I.S.T.); (N.N.D.); (O.V.S.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Artem I. Emel’yanov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia; (G.F.P.); (S.A.K.); (A.I.E.); (N.P.K.); (A.S.P.)
| | - Olesya V. Say
- Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, 1 Bortsov Revolutsii Street, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia; (I.S.T.); (N.N.D.); (O.V.S.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Nadezhda P. Kuznetsova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia; (G.F.P.); (S.A.K.); (A.I.E.); (N.P.K.); (A.S.P.)
| | - Alexander S. Pozdnyakov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia; (G.F.P.); (S.A.K.); (A.I.E.); (N.P.K.); (A.S.P.)
| | - Michael G. Shurygin
- Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, 1 Bortsov Revolutsii Street, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia; (I.S.T.); (N.N.D.); (O.V.S.); (M.G.S.)
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6
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Glutathione synthetase overexpression in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans improves halotolerance of iron oxidation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0151821. [PMID: 34347521 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01518-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans are well-studied iron- and sulfur-oxidizing acidophilic chemolithoautotrophs that are exploited for their ability to participate in the bioleaching of metal sulfides. Here, we overexpressed the endogenous glutamate-cysteine ligase and glutathione synthetase genes in separate strains and found that glutathione synthetase overexpression increased intracellular glutathione levels. We explored the impact of pH on the halotolerance of iron oxidation in wild type and engineered cultures. The increase in glutathione allowed the modified cells to grow under salt concentrations and pH conditions that are fully inhibitory to wild type cells. Furthermore, we found that improved iron oxidation ability in the presence of chloride also resulted in higher levels of intracellular ROS in the strain. These results indicate that glutathione overexpression can be used to increase halotolerance in A. ferrooxidans and would likely be a useful strategy on other acidophilic bacteria. Importance The use of acidophilic bacteria in the hydrometallurgical processing of sulfide ores can enable many benefits including the potential reduction of environmental impacts. The cells involved in bioleaching tend to have limited halotolerance, and increased halotolerance could enable several benefits, including a reduction in the need for the use of fresh water resources. We show that the genetic modification of A. ferrooxidans for the overproduction of glutathione is a promising strategy to enable cells to resist the oxidative stress that can occur during growth in the presence of salt.
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7
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Li Q, Song W, Sun M, Li J, Yu Z. Response of Bacillus vallismortis sp. EPS to exogenous sulfur stress/ induction and its adsorption performance on Cu(II). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126343. [PMID: 32155492 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of EPS (Extracellular Polymeric Substances) produced by Bacillus vallismortis sp. and its adsorption performance on typical heavy metal were studied under Na2S stress/induction at different concentrations. Its structure was characterized by three-dimensional fluorescence spectrogram (3D-EEM), infrared spectrum (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that, when the Na2S stress/induction intensity was 20 mg/L, the protein concentration was nearly doubled compared with Control-EPS (EPS produced by Bacillus vallismortis sp. without exogenous sulfur stress); furthermore, the 3D-EEM results also demonstrated that there was an increase in the protein content, with the -SH content reaching 154.36 μmol/L, which was 48.2% higher than before stress (104.15 μmol/L). Under this condition, S-EPS (EPS produced by Bacillus vallismortis sp. stressed by exogenous sulfur) exhibited the best adsorption effect on Cu(II), with the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity reaching 1428.57 mg/g EPS. FTIR and XPS analyses revealed that the -SH, CO, N-H played a major role in the adsorption of Cu(II); among those, -SH played a key role. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) by S-EPS was correlated with the content of sulfhydryl protein; indeed, the exogenous sulfur stress/induction can effectively regulate the chemical composition of EPS and improve its adsorption performance, which can be crucial in the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weifeng Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Mengge Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiayao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zefeng Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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8
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Liu X, Liu H, Wu W, Zhang X, Gu T, Zhu M, Tan W. Oxidative Stress Induced by Metal Ions in Bioleaching of LiCoO 2 by an Acidophilic Microbial Consortium. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3058. [PMID: 32010108 PMCID: PMC6974807 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An acidophilic microbial consortium (AMC) was used to investigate the fundamental mechanism behind the adverse effects of pulp density increase in the bioleaching of waste lithium ion batteries (WLIBs). Results showed that there existed the effect of metal-ion stress on the bio-oxidative activity of AMC. The Li+ and Co2+ accumulated in the leachate were the direct cause for the decrease in lithium and cobalt recovery yields under a high pulp density. In a simulated bioleaching system with 4.0% (w ⋅v-1) LiCoO2, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in AMC increased from 0.82 to 6.02 within 24 h, which was almost three times higher than that of the control (2.04). After the supplementation of 0.30 g⋅L-1 of exogenous glutathione (GSH), the bacterial intracellular ROS content decreased by 40% within 24 h and the activities of intracellular ROS scavenging enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), were 1.4- and 2.0-folds higher in comparison with the control within 24 h. In the biofilms formed on pyrite in the bioleaching of WLIBs, it was found that metal-ion stress had a great influence on the 3-D structure and the amount of biomass of the biofilms. After the exogenous addition of GSH, the structure and the amount of biomass of the biofilms were restored to some extent. Eventually, through ROS regulation by the exogenous addition of GSH, very high metal recovery yields of 98.1% Li and 96.3% Co were obtained at 5.0% pulp density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingyue Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Minglong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wensong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Kwok ML, Hu XL, Meng Q, Chan KM. Whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of the zebrafish liver cell line, ZFL, after acute exposure to Cu2+ ions. Metallomics 2020; 12:732-751. [DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00005a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
All cells require Cu as a cofactor, but Cu2+ induces toxicity and oxidative damage. A strict system is thus needed to maintain Cu homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Long Kwok
- School of Life Sciences
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Sha Tin
- Hong Kong
| | - Xue Lei Hu
- School of Life Sciences
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Sha Tin
- Hong Kong
| | - Qi Meng
- School of Life Sciences
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Sha Tin
- Hong Kong
| | - King Ming Chan
- School of Life Sciences
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Sha Tin
- Hong Kong
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10
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Bellenberg S, Huynh D, Poetsch A, Sand W, Vera M. Proteomics Reveal Enhanced Oxidative Stress Responses and Metabolic Adaptation in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Biofilm Cells on Pyrite. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:592. [PMID: 30984136 PMCID: PMC6450195 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause oxidative stress and growth inhibition by inactivation of essential enzymes, DNA and lipid damage in microbial cells. Acid mine drainage (AMD) ecosystems are characterized by low pH values, enhanced levels of metal ions and low species abundance. Furthermore, metal sulfides, such as pyrite and chalcopyrite, generate extracellular ROS upon exposure to acidic water. Consequently, oxidative stress management is especially important in acidophilic leaching microorganisms present in industrial biomining operations, especially when forming biofilms on metal sulfides. Several adaptive mechanisms have been described, but the molecular repertoire of responses upon exposure to pyrite and the presence of ROS are not thoroughly understood in acidophiles. In this study the impact of the addition of H2O2 on iron oxidation activity in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans DSM 14882T was investigated. Iron(II)- or sulfur-grown cells showed a higher sensitivity toward H2O2 than pyrite-grown ones. In order to elucidate which molecular responses may be involved, we used shot-gun proteomics and compared proteomes of cells grown with iron(II)-ions against biofilm cells, grown for 5 days in presence of pyrite as sole energy source. In total 1157 proteins were identified. 213 and 207 ones were found to have increased levels in iron(II) ion-grown or pyrite-biofilm cells, respectively. Proteins associated with inorganic sulfur compound (ISC) oxidation were among the latter. In total, 80 proteins involved in ROS degradation, thiol redox regulation, macromolecule repair mechanisms, biosynthesis of antioxidants, as well as metal and oxygen homeostasis were found. 42 of these proteins had no significant changes in abundance, while 30 proteins had increased levels in pyrite-biofilm cells. New insights in ROS mitigation strategies, such as importance of globins for oxygen homeostasis and prevention of unspecific reactions of free oxygen that generate ROS are presented for A. ferrooxidans biofilm cells. Furthermore, proteomic analyses provide insights in adaptations of carbon fixation and oxidative phosphorylation pathways under these two growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Bellenberg
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.,Biofilm Centre, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dieu Huynh
- Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Sand
- Biofilm Centre, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany.,College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mario Vera
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Dias M, Gomes de Lacerda JTJ, Perdigão Cota de Almeida S, de Andrade LM, Oller do Nascimento CA, Rozas EE, Mendes MA. Response mechanism of mine-isolated fungus Aspergillus niger IOC 4687 to copper stress determined by proteomics. Metallomics 2019; 11:1558-1566. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00137a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic analysis of the fungus Aspergillus niger showed that its capacity to absorb metals was boosted by physiological modification under metal stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriellen Dias
- Dempster MS Lab – Chemical Engineering Department of Polytechnic School of University of São Paulo
- São Paulo-SP
- Brazil
| | | | | | - Lidiane Maria de Andrade
- Dempster MS Lab – Chemical Engineering Department of Polytechnic School of University of São Paulo
- São Paulo-SP
- Brazil
| | | | - Enrique Eduardo Rozas
- Dempster MS Lab – Chemical Engineering Department of Polytechnic School of University of São Paulo
- São Paulo-SP
- Brazil
| | - Maria Anita Mendes
- Dempster MS Lab – Chemical Engineering Department of Polytechnic School of University of São Paulo
- São Paulo-SP
- Brazil
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12
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Zheng C, Zhang L, Chen M, Zhao XQ, Duan Y, Meng Y, Zhang X, Shen RF. Effects of cadmium exposure on expression of glutathione synthetase system genes in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Extremophiles 2018; 22:895-902. [PMID: 30143860 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-018-1046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The glutathione synthetase system (GSS) is an important pathway of glutathione synthesis and plays a key role in heavy metal resistance. In this work, the response of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans to extracellular Cd2+ was investigated, and the interplay between Cd2+ resistance and the expression of GSS related-genes was analyzed by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). During growth in the presence of 5, 15 and 30 mM Cd2+, the transcript levels of eight GSS pathway genes were affected between 0.81- and 7.12-fold. Increased transcription was also reflected in increased enzyme activities: with those of glutathione reductase (GR) increased by 1.10-, 2.26- and 1.54-fold in the presence of 5, 15 and 30 mM Cd2+, respectively. In contrast, the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased in the presence of Cd2+. At the metabolite level, intracellular methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) content was increased 1.97-, 3.31- and 1.92-fold in the presence of 5, 15 and 30 mM Cd2+, respectively. These results suggest that Cd2+ directly inhibits the activities of CAT and SOD, breaks the redox balance of the cells, which leads to the activation of the other antioxidant pathway of GSS. Resistance of A. ferrooxidans to Cd2+ may involve modulation of expression levels of glutathione S-transferase (GST), GR, and glutathione synthetase, which may protect against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.,School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Exploitation of Bayan Obo Multi-Metal Resources, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjie Chen
- School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yizhuo Duan
- School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Meng
- School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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13
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Dourado MN, Franco MR, Peters LP, Martins PF, Souza LA, Piotto FA, Azevedo RA. Antioxidant enzymes activities of Burkholderia spp. strains-oxidative responses to Ni toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:19922-32. [PMID: 26289332 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Increased agriculture production associated with intense application of herbicides, pesticides, and fungicides leads to soil contamination worldwide. Nickel (Ni), due to its high mobility in soils and groundwater, constitutes one of the greatest problems in terms of environmental pollution. Metals, including Ni, in high concentrations are toxic to cells by imposing a condition of oxidative stress due to the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage lipids, proteins, and DNA. This study aimed to characterize the Ni antioxidant response of two tolerant Burkholderia strains (one isolated from noncontaminated soil, SNMS32, and the other from contaminated soil, SCMS54), by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. Ni accumulation and bacterial growth in the presence of the metal were also analyzed. The results showed that both strains exhibited different trends of Ni accumulation and distinct antioxidant enzymes responses. The strain from contaminated soil (SCMS54) exhibited a higher Ni biosorption and exhibited an increase in SOD and GST activities after 5 and 12 h of Ni exposure. The analysis of SOD, CAT, and GR by nondenaturing PAGE revealed the appearance of an extra isoenzyme in strain SCMS54 for each enzyme. The results suggest that the strain SCMS54 isolated from contaminated soil present more plasticity with potential to be used in soil and water bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Dourado
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - M R Franco
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - L P Peters
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - P F Martins
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - L A Souza
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - F A Piotto
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - R A Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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14
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Martinez P, Vera M, Bobadilla-Fazzini RA. Omics on bioleaching: current and future impacts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:8337-50. [PMID: 26278538 PMCID: PMC4768214 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6903-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioleaching corresponds to the microbial-catalyzed process of conversion of insoluble metals into soluble forms. As an applied biotechnology globally used, it represents an extremely interesting field of research where omics techniques can be applied in terms of knowledge development, but moreover in terms of process design, control, and optimization. In this mini-review, the current state of genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics of bioleaching and the major impacts of these analytical methods at industrial scale are highlighted. In summary, genomics has been essential in the determination of the biodiversity of leaching processes and for development of conceptual and functional metabolic models. Proteomic impacts are mostly related to microbe-mineral interaction analysis, including copper resistance and biofilm formation. Early steps of metabolomics in the field of bioleaching have shown a significant potential for the use of metabolites as industrial biomarkers. Development directions are given in order to enhance the future impacts of the omics in biohydrometallurgy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Martinez
- BioSigma 'S.A.', Parque Industrial Los Libertadores, Lote 106, Colina, Chile
| | - Mario Vera
- Biofilm Centre, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
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15
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Bellenberg S, Barthen R, Boretska M, Zhang R, Sand W, Vera M. Manipulation of pyrite colonization and leaching by iron-oxidizing Acidithiobacillus species. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:1435-49. [PMID: 25381488 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the process of pyrite colonization and leaching by three iron-oxidizing Acidithiobacillus species was investigated by fluorescence microscopy, bacterial attachment, and leaching assays. Within the first 4-5 days, only the biofilm subpopulation was responsible for pyrite dissolution. Pyrite-grown cells, in contrast to iron-grown cells, were able to oxidize iron(II) ions or pyrite after 24 h iron starvation and incubation with 1 mM H₂O₂, indicating that these cells were adapted to the presence of enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are generated on metal sulfide surfaces. Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans SS3 and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans R1 showed enhanced pyrite colonization and biofilm formation compared to A. ferrooxidans (T). A broad range of factors influencing the biofilm formation on pyrite were also identified, some of them were strain-specific. Cultivation at non-optimum growth temperatures or increased ionic strength led to a decreased colonization of pyrite. The presence of iron(III) ions increased pyrite colonization, especially when pyrite-grown cells were used, while the addition of 20 mM copper(II) ions resulted in reduced biofilm formation on pyrite. This observation correlated with a different extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composition of copper-exposed cells. Interestingly, the addition of 1 mM sodium glucuronate in combination with iron(III) ions led to a 5-fold and 7-fold increased cell attachment after 1 and 8 days of incubation, respectively, in A. ferrooxidans (T). In addition, sodium glucuronate addition enhanced pyrite dissolution by 25%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Bellenberg
- Fakultät für Chemie, Biofilm Centre, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstr 5, 45141, Essen, Germany,
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16
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Chen M, Li Y, Zhang L, Wang J, Zheng C, Zhang X. Analysis of gene expression provides insights into the mechanism of cadmium tolerance in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Curr Microbiol 2014; 70:290-7. [PMID: 25344309 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans plays a critical role in metal solubilization in the biomining industry, and occupies an ecological niche characterized by high acidity and high concentrations of toxic heavy metal ions. In order to investigate the possible metal resistance mechanism, the cellular distribution of cadmium was tested. The result indicated that Cd(2+) entered the cells upon initial exposure resulting in increased intracellular concentrations, followed by its excretion from the cells during subsequent growth and adaptation. Sequence homology analyses were used to identify 10 genes predicted to participate in heavy metal homeostasis, and the expression of these genes was investigated in cells cultured in the presence of increasing concentrations of toxic divalent cadmium (Cd(2+)). The results suggested that one gene (cmtR A.f ) encoded a putative Cd(2+)/Pb(2+)-responsive transcriptional regulator; four genes (czcA1 A.f , czcA2 A.f , czcB1 A.f ; and czcC1 A.f ) encoded heavy metal efflux proteins for Cd(2+); two genes (cadA1 A.f and cadB1 A.f ) encoded putative cation channel proteins related to the transport of Cd(2+). No significant enhancement of gene expression was observed at low concentrations of Cd(2+) (5 mM) and most of the putative metal resistance genes were up-regulated except cmtR A.f , cadB3 A.f ; and czcB1 A.f at higher concentrations (15 and 30 mM) according to real-time polymerase chain reaction. A model was developed for the mechanism of resistance to cadmium ions based on homology analyses of the predicted genes, the transcription of putative Cd(2+) resistance genes, and previous work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Chen
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Biological Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China,
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17
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Wu X, Zhang Z, Liu L, Deng F, Liu X, Qiu G. Metal resistance-related genes are differently expressed in response to copper and zinc ion in six Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains. Curr Microbiol 2014; 69:775-84. [PMID: 25023638 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Metal resistance of acidophilic bacteria is very significant during bioleaching of copper ores since high concentration of metal is harmful to the growth of microorganisms. The resistance levels of six Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains to 0.15 M copper and 0.2 M zinc were investigated, and eight metal resistance-related genes (afe-0022, afe-0326, afe-0329, afe-1143, afe-0602, afe-0603, afe-0604, and afe-1788) were sequenced and analyzed. The transcriptional expression levels of eight possible metal tolerance genes in six A. ferrooxidans strains exposed to 0.15 M Cu(2+) and 0.2 M Zn(2+) were determined by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), respectively. The copper resistance levels of six A. ferrooxidans strains declined followed by DY26, DX5, DY15, GD-B, GD-0, and YTW. The zinc tolerance levels of six A. ferrooxidans strains exposed to 0.2 M Zn(2+) from high to low were YTW > GD-B > DY26 > GD-0 > DX5 > DY15. Seven metal tolerance-related genes all presented in the genome of six strains, except afe-0604. The metal resistance-related genes showed different transcriptional expression patterns in six A. ferrooxidans strains. The expression of gene afe-0326 and afe-0022 in six A. ferrooxidans strains in response to 0.15 M Cu(2+) showed the same trend with the resistance levels. The expression levels of genes afe-0602, afe-0603, afe-0604, and afe-1788 in six strains response to 0.2 M Zn(2+) did not show a clear correlation between the zinc tolerance levels of six strains. According to the results of RT-qPCR and bioinformatics analysis, the proteins encoded by afe-0022, afe-0326, afe-0329, and afe-1143 were related to Cu(2+) transport of A. ferrooxidans strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Wu
- Key Lab of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education of China, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, No. 932 Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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18
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Wen Q, Liu X, Wang H, Lin J. A versatile and efficient markerless gene disruption system forAcidithiobacillus thiooxidans: application for characterizing a copper tolerance related multicopper oxidase gene. Environ Microbiol 2014; 16:3499-514. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 China
| | - Xiangmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 China
| | - Huiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 China
| | - Jianqun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 China
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19
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Vera M, Krok B, Bellenberg S, Sand W, Poetsch A. Shotgun proteomics study of early biofilm formation process of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 on pyrite. Proteomics 2013; 13:1133-44. [PMID: 23319327 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is a chemolithoautotrophic, mesophilic Gram-negative bacterium able to oxidize ferrous iron, sulfur, and metal sulfides. It forms monolayer biofilms where extracellular polymeric substances are essential for cell attachment and metal sulfide leaching. High-throughput proteomics has been applied to study the early process of biofilm formation on pyrite by At. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270. After 24 h contact with the mineral, planktonic and sessile (biofilm) cell subpopulations were separated and proteins extracted. In total, 1319 proteins were detected in both samples. Sixty-two of these were found to be increased in biofilms. Additionally, 25 proteins were found to be decreased in the biofilm cell subpopulation. Three transcriptional factors were found to be increased or decreased among both cell subpopulations, suggesting their potential involvement in the regulation of these processes. Although no significant differences were observed for the known proteins related to ferrous iron and sulfur oxidation pathways among both cell subpopulations, the results presented here show that the early steps of At. ferrooxidans biofilm formation consist of a set of metabolic adaptations following cell attachment to the mineral surface. Functions such as extracellular polymeric substances biosynthesis seem to be pivotal. This first high-throughput proteomic study may also contribute to the annotation of several unknown At. ferrooxidans proteins found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vera
- Biofilm Centre, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
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20
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Wang J, Chen L, Huang S, Liu J, Ren X, Tian X, Qiao J, Zhang W. RNA-seq based identification and mutant validation of gene targets related to ethanol resistance in cyanobacterial Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2012; 5:89. [PMID: 23259593 PMCID: PMC3564720 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-5-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fermentation production of biofuel ethanol consumes agricultural crops, which will compete directly with the food supply. As an alternative, photosynthetic cyanobacteria have been proposed as microbial factories to produce ethanol directly from solar energy and CO2. However, the ethanol productivity from photoautotrophic cyanobacteria is still very low, mostly due to the low tolerance of cyanobacterial systems to ethanol stress. RESULTS To build a foundation necessary to engineer robust ethanol-producing cyanobacterial hosts, in this study we applied a quantitative transcriptomics approach with a next-generation sequencing technology, combined with quantitative reverse-transcript PCR (RT-PCR) analysis, to reveal the global metabolic responses to ethanol in model cyanobacterial Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The results showed that ethanol exposure induced genes involved in common stress responses, transporting and cell envelope modification. In addition, the cells can also utilize enhanced polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) accumulation and glyoxalase detoxication pathway as means against ethanol stress. The up-regulation of photosynthesis by ethanol was also further confirmed at transcriptional level. Finally, we used gene knockout strains to validate the potential target genes related to ethanol tolerance. CONCLUSION RNA-Seq based global transcriptomic analysis provided a comprehensive view of cellular response to ethanol exposure. The analysis provided a list of gene targets for engineering ethanol tolerance in cyanobacterium Synechocystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqiang Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
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