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Ahmed MG, Elwakeel EA, El-Zarkouny SZ, Al-Sagheer AA. Environmental impact of phytobiotic additives on greenhouse gas emission reduction, rumen fermentation manipulation, and performance in ruminants: an updated review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:37943-37962. [PMID: 38772996 PMCID: PMC11189335 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Ruminal fermentation is a natural process involving beneficial microorganisms that contribute to the production of valuable products and efficient nutrient conversion. However, it also leads to the emission of greenhouse gases, which have detrimental effects on the environment and animal productivity. Phytobiotic additives have emerged as a potential solution to these challenges, offering benefits in terms of rumen fermentation modulation, pollution reduction, and improved animal health and performance. This updated review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the specific benefits of phytobiotic additives in ruminant nutrition by summarizing existing studies. Phytobiotic additives, rich in secondary metabolites such as tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and essential oils, have demonstrated biological properties that positively influence rumen fermentation and enhance animal health and productivity. These additives contribute to environmental protection by effectively reducing nitrogen excretion and methane emissions from ruminants. Furthermore, they inhibit microbial respiration and nitrification in soil, thereby minimizing nitrous oxide emissions. In addition to their environmental impact, phytobiotic additives improve rumen manipulation, leading to increased ruminant productivity and improved quality of animal products. Their multifaceted properties, including anthelmintic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects, further contribute to the health and well-being of both animals and humans. The potential synergistic effects of combining phytobiotic additives with probiotics are also explored, highlighting the need for further research in this area. In conclusion, phytobiotic additives show great promise as sustainable and effective solutions for improving ruminant nutrition and addressing environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam G Ahmed
- Agriculture Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute, Nadi El-Said, Giza, 11622, Egypt
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Eman A Elwakeel
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Samir Z El-Zarkouny
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Adham A Al-Sagheer
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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Bontà V, Battelli M, Rama E, Casanova M, Pasotti L, Galassi G, Colombini S, Calvio C. An In Vitro Study on the Role of Cellulases and Xylanases of Bacillus subtilis in Dairy Cattle Nutrition. Microorganisms 2024; 12:300. [PMID: 38399704 PMCID: PMC10891753 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The administration of Bacilli to dairy cows exerts beneficial effects on dry matter intake, lactation performance, and milk composition, but the rationale behind their efficacy is still poorly understood. In this work, we sought to establish whether cellulases and xylanases, among the enzymes secreted by B. subtilis, are involved in the positive effect exerted by Bacilli on ruminal performance. We took advantage of two isogenic B. subtilis strains, only differing in the secretion levels of those two enzymes. A multi-factorial study was conducted in which eight feed ingredients were treated in vitro, using ruminal fluid from cannulated cows, with cultures of the two strains conveniently grown in a growth medium based on inexpensive waste. Feed degradability and gas production were assessed. Fiber degradability was 10% higher (p < 0.001) in feeds treated with the enzyme-overexpressing strain than in the untreated control, while the non-overexpressing strain provided a 5% increase. The benefit of the fibrolytic enzymes was maximal for maize silage, the most recalcitrant feed. Gas production also correlated with the amount of enzymes applied (p < 0.05). Our results revealed that B. subtilis cellulases and xylanases effectively contribute to improving forage quality, justifying the use of Bacilli as direct-fed microbials to increase animal productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bontà
- Laboratories of Genetics and Microbiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Battelli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Erlinda Rama
- Laboratories of Genetics and Microbiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Michela Casanova
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Pasotti
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.P.)
| | - Gianluca Galassi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefania Colombini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Cinzia Calvio
- Laboratories of Genetics and Microbiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Ju MS, Jo YH, Kim YR, Ghassemi Nejad J, Lee JG, Lee HG. Supplementation of complex natural feed additive containing ( C. militaris, probiotics and red ginseng by-product) on rumen-fermentation, growth performance and carcass characteristics in Korean native steers. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1300518. [PMID: 38288378 PMCID: PMC10822911 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1300518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of a complex natural feed additive on rumen fermentation, carcass characteristics and growth performance in Korean-native steers. In this study, in vitro and in vivo experiment were conducted. Seven different levels of complex natural feed additive (CA) were added to the buffered rumen fluid using AnkomRF gas production system for 12, 24 and 48 h. All experimental data were analyzed by mixed procedure of SAS. Total gas production increased in the CA groups, with the highest response observed in the 0.06% group at 48 h of incubation (linear, p = 0.02; quadratic, p < 0.01). Regarding rumen fermentation parameters, the total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) tended to increase in all the CA groups (p = 0.07). The concentrations of butyrate, iso-butyrate, and iso-valerate significantly increased in all treatment groups (p < 0.05). In the in vivo experiment, 23 Korean-native steers were allocated to two groups: (1) Control and (2) Treatment; control +0.07% CA (DM basis), in a randomized complete-block design and blocked by body weight (ave. body weight = 641.96 kg ± 62.51 kg, p = 0.80) and feed intake (ave. feed intake = 13.96 kg ± 0.74 kg, p = 0.08) lasted for 252 days. Average daily gain decreased in the treatment group (p < 0.01). Backfat thickness significantly decreased in the CA group (p = 0.03), whereas meat color tended to increase (p = 0.07). In conclusion, in the in vitro experiment, the inclusion of complex natural feed additive decreased methane proportion and tended to increase TVFA production, but supplementation to Korean native steers decreased average daily gain and backfat thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun-Su Ju
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Physiology and Proteomics, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Jo
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Physiology and Proteomics, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Rae Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Physiology and Proteomics, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jalil Ghassemi Nejad
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Physiology and Proteomics, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Gu Lee
- DM Bio Co., Ltd., Jellonam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Physiology and Proteomics, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wang C, Chen J, Tian W, Han Y, Xu X, Ren T, Tian C, Chen C. Natto: A medicinal and edible food with health function. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2023; 15:349-359. [PMID: 37538862 PMCID: PMC10394349 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natto is a soybean product fermented by natto bacteria. It is rich in a variety of amino acids, vitamins, proteins and active enzymes. It has a number of biological activities, such as thrombolysis, prevention of osteoporosis, antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant and so on. It is widely used in medicine, health-care food, biocatalysis and other fields. Natto is rich in many pharmacological active substances and has significant medicinal research value. This paper summarizes the pharmacological activities and applications of natto in and outside China, so as to provide references for further research and development of natto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300462, China
| | - Jinpeng Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300462, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Quality Marker of Traditional Medicine, Tianjin 300462, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300462, China
| | - Wenguo Tian
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300462, China
| | - Yanqi Han
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300462, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Quality Marker of Traditional Medicine, Tianjin 300462, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300462, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300462, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Quality Marker of Traditional Medicine, Tianjin 300462, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300462, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300462, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Quality Marker of Traditional Medicine, Tianjin 300462, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300462, China
| | - Chengwang Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300462, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Quality Marker of Traditional Medicine, Tianjin 300462, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300462, China
| | - Changqing Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300462, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Quality Marker of Traditional Medicine, Tianjin 300462, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300462, China
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Jia P, Tu Y, Liu Z, Li F, Yan T, Ma S, Dong L, Diao Q. Diets supplementation with Bacillus subtilis and Macleaya cordata extract improve production performance and the metabolism of energy and nitrogen, while reduce enteric methane emissions in dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Shi M, Ma Z, Tian Y, Ma C, Li Y, Zhang X. Effects of corn straw treated with CaO on rumen degradation characteristics and fermentation parameters and their correlation with microbial diversity in rumen. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Calaca A, Figueiredo C, Silva M, Fernandes J, Fernandes M, Silva L, Couto V. Effect of a Bacillus probiotic strain on Nellore cattle finished on pasture during the dry season. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Supplementation with galacto-oligosaccharides in early life persistently facilitates the microbial colonization of the rumen and promotes growth of preweaning Holstein dairy calves. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 10:223-233. [PMID: 35785255 PMCID: PMC9207549 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on the growth performance, serum parameters, and the rumen microbial colonization and fermentation of pre-weaning dairy calves. The study comprised 2 phases of 28 and 42 d, respectively. During phase 1, 24 newborn female Holstein dairy calves were randomly allocated to consume a diet supplemented with 10 g/d GOS (GOS, n = 12) or not (CON, n = 12). Thereafter, during phase 2, the GOS group was further divided into 2 groups: one that continued to consume GOS (GOSC, n = 6) and one that no longer consumed GOS (GOSS, n = 6), alongside the CON group. Galacto-oligosaccharides increased the average daily gain (ADG), body weight, feed efficiency, and serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration of dairy calves during phase 1 (P < 0.05). Supplementation with GOS for the entire study reduced the incidence of diarrhea and increased the serum total protein and Ca concentrations (P < 0.05) compared with the CON group. The effect of GOS supplementation persisted after it was stopped because the ADG and final body weight of the GOSS group were higher than those of the CON group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the GOSS group showed a persistently lower incidence of diarrhea and greater colonization of the rumen with probiotics, at the expense of less beneficial bacteria, which would promote ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of prebiotics and have important practical implications for the design of early life dietary interventions in dairy calf rearing.
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Helfrich M, Entian KD, Stein T. Antibiotic profiling of wild-type bacilli led to the discovery of new lanthipeptide subtilin-producing Bacillus spizizenii strains whose 16S rDNA sequences differ from the B. spizizenii typing strain. INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SPANISH SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 25:839-850. [PMID: 35902452 PMCID: PMC9526687 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two dozen field-collected Bacillus and a dozen Bacillus spizizenii wild-type strains from strain collections were selected on the basis of their antagonistic properties against the Gram-positive strain Micrococcus luteus. Based on their genetic and antibiotic profiles, they were characterized (subtilin encoding spaS gene sequences, mass spectrometric, and quantitative-reversed phase liquid chromatographic analyses, as well as the presence of the lanthionine cyclase protein SpaC by western blotting), seven novel producers of the lanthipeptide subtilin. Phylogenetic analyses of the subtilin-producing wild-type strains based on their 16S rRNA sequences showed that all seven strains could be classified as B. spizizenii: The field-collected strains HS and N5, as well as strains DSM 618, 1087, 6395, 6405, and 8439 from the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures. To the best of our knowledge, all B. spizizenii strains described so far are characterized by the fact that they can produce a lanthipeptide of the subtilin family. Both the lanthipeptide structures and the organization and sequences of the 16S rRNA-encoding genes suggest a subdivision of B. spizizenii into subspecies: The subtilin-producing B. spizizenii strains are distinctly different from the entianin-producing B. spizizenii typing strain TU-B-10 T (DSM 15029 T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Helfrich
- Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang-Goethe-University, Max v. Laue Str. 9, 60439, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Jennewein Biotechnologie GmbH, Maarweg 32, 53619, Rheinbreitbach, Germany
| | - Karl-Dieter Entian
- Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang-Goethe-University, Max v. Laue Str. 9, 60439, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Torsten Stein
- Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang-Goethe-University, Max v. Laue Str. 9, 60439, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
- Chemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany.
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10
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Live Bacillus subtilis natto Promotes Rumen Fermentation by Modulating Rumen Microbiota In Vitro. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061519. [PMID: 34073661 PMCID: PMC8225115 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although there is much research on the applications of Bacillus subtilis natto in dairy cows, the regulation of it on rumen microorganisms and the mechanisms of microbiota that affect rumen fermentation is still unclear, such as the mechanism of improving ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration and the pathway of increasing propionic acid production. In this study, we explored the effects of live and autoclaved B. subtilis natto on rumen microbiota in vitro by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to clarify the ruminal microbial composition and diversity and their underlying mechanisms. Abstract Previous studies have shown that Bacillus subtilis natto affects rumen fermentation and rumen microbial community structure, which are limited to detect a few microbial abundances using traditional methods. However, the regulation of B. subtilis natto on rumen microorganisms and the mechanisms of microbiota that affect rumen fermentation is still unclear. This study explored the effects of live and autoclaved B. subtilis natto on ruminal microbial composition and diversity in vitro using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the underlying mechanisms. Rumen fluid was collected, allocated to thirty-six bottles, and divided into three treatments: CTR, blank control group without B. subtilis natto; LBS, CTR with 109 cfu of live B. subtilis natto; and ABS, CTR with 109 cfu of autoclaved B. subtilis natto. The rumen fluid was collected after 0, 6, 12, and 24 h of fermentation, and pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), microbial protein (MCP), and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were determined. The diversity and composition of rumen microbiota were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results revealed LBS affected the concentrations of NH3-N, MCP, and VFAs (p < 0.05), especially after 12 h, which might be attributed to changes in 18 genera. Whereas ABS only enhanced pH and NH3-N concentration compared with the CTR group (p < 0.05), which might be associated with changes in six genera. Supplementation with live B. subtilis natto improved ruminal NH3-N and propionate concentrations, indicating that live bacteria were better than autoclaved ones. This study advances our understanding of B. subtilis natto in promoting ruminal fermentation, providing a new perspective for the precise utilization of B. subtilis natto in dairy rations.
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Choonkham W, Intanon M, Chewonarin T, Bernard JK, Suriyasathaporn W. Effects of supplemental Bacillus subtilis, injectable vitamin E plus selenium, or both on health parameters during the transition period in dairy cows in a tropical environment. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:298. [PMID: 33928444 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplemental Bacillus subtilis (BS, 0.5 × 1011 CFU/day), injectable vitamin E and selenium (ES, 1000 mg α-tocopherol acetate and 10 mg sodium selenite), or both during the transition period on health parameters and the incidence of retained fetal membranes (RFM) of dairy cows under tropical conditions (average temperature humidity index = 77.0). Thirty-two crossbred Holstein-Friesian cows were used in a randomized design trial with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Cows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments, including no supplementation (CON), single intramuscular injection of ES on day - 21 before the expected calving date (ES), daily oral supplementation of BS between day - 21 and day 21 relative to calving, or both ES and BS. Body condition score (BCS) and blood samples were collected on days - 28, - 14, 0, 14, and 28 relative to calving. Mean concentrations of corpuscular hemoglobin were higher (33.12 vs 34.03 g/dL, p = 0.06) and platelets were lower (380.97 vs 302.32 × 103/μL, p = 0.10) with ES than without ES. Cows fed supplemental BS had lower concentrations of creatinine and albumin and tended to have lower AST and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) levels. However, concentrations of glucose were higher for cows fed BS than for those without BS. No differences in the incidence of RFM were observed. In summary, supplemental B. subtilis could reduce indicators of negative energy balance by increasing glucose and lowering BHBA and improve health parameters by keeping WBCs and monocytes in a healthy range during the transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharapong Choonkham
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Montira Intanon
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. .,Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Teera Chewonarin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - John K Bernard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Tifton Campus, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 31793-5766, USA
| | - Witaya Suriyasathaporn
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.,Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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12
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Zhang C, Yu X, Xu H, Cui G, Chen L. Action of Bacillus natto 16 on deoxynivalenol (DON) from wheat flour. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2317-2324. [PMID: 33788381 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this research is to study the removal characteristics and evaluate the detoxify action of deoxynivalenol by Bacillus natto 16 in wheat flour as food or feed. METHODS AND RESULTS The content of deoxynivalenol was determined using ELISA by testing the deoxynivalenol removal rate, and the influence of culture supernatant, intracellular substances, crude enzyme and cell wall on the deoxynivalenol in wheat flour was studied. The effect of bacterial components on the removal of deoxynivalenol was studied in the artificial gastrointestinal environment to simulate the digestion of food. Secondary metabolites were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The cell wall can reduce the content of deoxynivalenol in the sample by adsorption, the influence of culture supernatant, intracellular substances and crude enzyme can convert deoxynivalenol into substances with a lower molecular weight. Bacterial components have no effect on deoxynivalenol in wheat flour in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and have a certain removal effect on deoxynivalenol, which is closely related to intestinal digestion time and pH, in simulated intestinal fluid. CONCLUSIONS Experimental results indicate that the removal of deoxynivalenol by B. natto 16 includes adsorption and biodegradation, SGF would invalidate the deoxynivalenol removal activity of B. natto 16's components. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our study showed that as an edible probiotic bacterium, B. natto 16 can effectively remove deoxynivalenol from wheat flour as food or feed, and can be used as a new deoxynivalenol -detoxifying microbe. The results of this research could provide the theory foundation for further development and application of B. natto 16.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- The Biological Feedstuff Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.,Food Composition and Human Health Lab, College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - X Yu
- Food Composition and Human Health Lab, College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - H Xu
- Food Composition and Human Health Lab, College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - G Cui
- Food Composition and Human Health Lab, College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - L Chen
- The Biological Feedstuff Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
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Ruiz Sella SRB, Bueno T, de Oliveira AAB, Karp SG, Soccol CR. Bacillus subtilis natto as a potential probiotic in animal nutrition. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:355-369. [PMID: 33563053 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1858019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The growing global demand for animal products and processed meat has created a challenge for the livestock sector to enhance animal productivity without compromising product quality. The restriction of antibiotics in animal feeds as growth promoters makes the use of probiotics a natural and safe alternative to obtain functional foods that provide animal health and quality and to maintain food safety for consumers. To incorporate these additives into the diet, detailed studies are required, in which in vitro and in vivo assays are used to prove the efficacy and to ensure the safety of probiotic candidate strains. Studies on the use of Bacillus subtilis natto as a spore-forming probiotic bacterium in animal nutrition have shown no hazardous effects and have demonstrated the effectiveness of its use as a probiotic, mainly due to its proven antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, enzymatic, and immunomodulatory activity. This review summarizes the recent scientific background on the probiotic effects of B. subtilis natto in animal nutrition. It focuses on its safety assessment, host-associated efficacy, and industrial requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra R B Ruiz Sella
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Departament of Research and Development, Production and Research Centre of Immunobiological Products, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, Piraquara, Brazil
| | - Tarcila Bueno
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Biotechnology Coordination, Federal Institute of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Angelo A B de Oliveira
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Susan Grace Karp
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Jiang B, Wang T, Zhou Y, Li F. Effects of enzyme + bacteria treatment on growth performance, rumen bacterial diversity, KEGG pathways, and the CAZy spectrum of Tan sheep. Bioengineered 2020; 11:1221-1232. [PMID: 33100142 PMCID: PMC8291824 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1837459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of enzyme +bacteria treatment of buckwheat straw and alfalfa on growth performance and rumen bacterial diversity was investigated, 20 three-month-old Ningxia Tan sheep with similar body weights were selected and randomly divided into two groups, 10 sheep in each group. The control group was fed with basal diet + untreated buckwheat straw and alfalfa (the ratio of buckwheat to alfalfa was 2:8), and the experimental group was fed with basic diet + cellulase (enzyme activity ≥ 10,000 U/g) + compound probiotics (enzyme to bacteria ratio 8:20). 1) The total weight gain and average daily gain of Tan sheep in the experimental group were extremely significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01). 2). The proportion of Firmicutes in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). 3). In the KEGG pathway B level, 15 genes were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). 4). In the CAZy level B, 12 genes were upregulated in the experimental group compared with the control group (P < 0.05),3 genes were downregulated (P < 0.05).Feeding Tan sheep with buckwheat straw and alfalfa treated with enzyme and bacteria can improve the weight gain effect, change the rumen bacterial diversity, and increase the some functional genes in the rumen. The conditions of this experiment would be beneficial to the healthy breeding of Tan sheep, and thus the methods can be used in commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biwei Jiang
- Agricultural College of Ningxia University , Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Vocational and Technical College , Yinchuan, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Agricultural College of Ningxia University , Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhou
- Agricultural College of Ningxia University , Yinchuan, China
| | - Fei Li
- Agricultural College of Ningxia University , Yinchuan, China
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15
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Chen K, Gao C, Han X, Li D, Wang H, Lu F. Co-fermentation of lentils using lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus subtilis natto increases functional and antioxidant components. J Food Sci 2020; 86:475-483. [PMID: 32964467 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We identified lentil products with both nutritional value and antioxidant capacity by studying the changes of probiotics and functional substances during single fermentation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or co-fermentation using LAB and Bacillus subtilis natto. After fermentation, the best growth of LAB was observed in anaerobic solid-state co-fermentation, whereby the viable counts of Lactobacillus plantarum TK9 and Lactobacillus paracasei TK1501 reached 2.77 × 109 and 2.78 × 109 CFU/g, respectively. Furthermore, the total phenol and genistin content produced by the two mixed groups, respectively, increased by 0.52- and 0.66-fold, as well as 0.63- and 0.64-fold, compared with unfermented samples. Similarly, the free amino acid content increased by 0.53- and 0.49-fold, respectively. The 50% inhibitory concentrations for the radical-scavenging against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were lower following anaerobic co-fermentation. Consistently, products of anaerobic mixed solid-state fermentation had higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity. Therefore, anaerobic solid-state co-fermentation of lentils using B. subtilis natto may promote the multiplication of LAB and enhance the antioxidant activity of fermented lentil products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Simple and efficient food handling is more suitable for industrial production. Co-fermentation is a good method to optimize the fermentation process. Co-culture technology has high potential in terms of functionality and antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
| | - Congcong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Han
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
| | - Haikuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
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16
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Chang MN, Wei JY, Hao LY, Ma FT, Li HY, Zhao SG, Sun P. Effects of different types of zinc supplement on the growth, incidence of diarrhea, immune function, and rectal microbiota of newborn dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:6100-6113. [PMID: 32307167 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal diarrhea in dairy calves causes huge economic and productivity losses in the dairy industry. Zinc is an effective anti-diarrheal agent, but high doses may pose a threat to the environment. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of low-dose zinc supplementation on the growth, incidence of diarrhea, immune function, and rectal microbiota of newborn Holstein dairy calves. Thirty newborn calves were allocated to either a control group (without extra zinc supplementation), or groups supplemented with either 104 mg of zinc oxide (ZnO, equivalent to 80 mg of zinc/d) or 457 mg of zinc methionine (Zn-Met, equivalent to 80 mg of zinc/d) and studied them for 14 d. The rectal contents were sampled on d 1, 3, 7, and 14, and blood samples were collected at the end of the study. Supplementation with ZnO reduced the incidence of diarrhea during the first 3 d of life, and increased serum IgG and IgM concentrations. The Zn-Met supplementation increased growth performance and reduced the incidence of diarrhea during the first 14 d after birth. The results of fecal microbiota analysis showed that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla, and Escherichia and Bacteroides were the dominant genera in the recta of the calves. As the calves grew older, rectal microbial diversity and composition significantly evolved. In addition, dietary supplementation with ZnO reduced the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in 1-d-old calves, and increased that of Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus, and Faecalibacterium in 7-d-old calves, compared with the control group. Supplementation with Zn-Met increased the relative abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria and the genera Faecalibacterium and Collinsella on d 7, and that of the genus Ruminococcus after 2 wk, compared with the control group. Thus, the rectal microbial composition was not affected by zinc supplementation but significantly evolved during the calves' early life. Zinc supplementation reduced the incidence of diarrhea in young calves. In view of their differing effects, we recommend ZnO supplementation for dairy calves during their first 3 d of life and Zn-Met supplementation for the subsequent period. These findings suggest that zinc supplementation may be an alternative to antibacterial agents for the treatment of newborn calf diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - J Y Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - L Y Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - F T Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - H Y Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - S G Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - P Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
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17
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Zhou S, Zhang X, Liao X, Wu Y, Mi J, Wang Y. Effect of Different Proportions of Three Microbial Agents on Ammonia Mitigation during the Composting of Layer Manure. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132513. [PMID: 31324049 PMCID: PMC6651566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Odor emissions represent one of the important issues of aerobic composting. The addition of microbial agents to compost is an important method for solving this problem, but this process is often unstable when a single microbial agent is added to the compost. Therefore, in this study, five treatments comprising different proportions of Bacillus stearothermophilus, Candida utilis, and Bacillus subtilis were tested to determine the best combination of the three microbial agents for ammonia reduction, as follows: control group (CK), 2:1:1 (A), 1:1:2 (B), 1:2:1 (C), and 1:1:1 (D). Compared with the CK group, the A, B, C, and D groups reduced ammonia emissions by 17.02, 9.68, 53.11, and 46.23%, respectively. The total ammonia emissions were significantly lower in C and D than in CK (p < 0.05). These two treatment groups had significantly increased nitrate nitrogen concentrations and decreased pH values and ammonium nitrogen concentrations (p < 0.05). Throughout the composting process, the total bacterial number was significantly higher in C and D than in CK (p < 0.05). Therefore, it is likely that B. stearothermophilus, C. utilis, and B. subtilis compounded from 1:2:1 (C) to 1:1:1 (D) reduced the ammonia emissions due to (1) a reduction in the pH and (2) the promotion of the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the odor problem of layer manure compost and promotes the development of composting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizheng Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xindi Liao
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yinbao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiandui Mi
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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18
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Yohe TT, Schramm H, Parsons CLM, Tucker HLM, Enger BD, Hardy NR, Daniels KM. Form of calf diet and the rumen. I: Impact on growth and development. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:8486-8501. [PMID: 31279553 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Preweaning diet is known to affect rumen tissue appearance at the gross level. The objectives of this experiment were to investigate effects of different preweaning diets on the growth and development of the rumen epithelium and on putative rumen epithelial stem and progenitor cell measurements at the gene and cell levels. Neonatal Holstein bull calves (n = 11) were individually housed and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 diets. The diets were milk replacer only (MRO; n = 5) or milk replacer with starter (MRS; n = 6). Diets were isoenergetic (3.87 ± 0.06 Mcal of metabolizable energy per day) and isonitrogenous (0.17 ± 0.003 kg/d of apparent digestible protein). Milk replacer was 22% crude protein, 21.5% fat (dry matter basis). The textured calf starter was 21.5% crude protein (dry matter basis). Water was available ad libitum and feed and water intake were recorded daily. Putative stem and progenitor cells were labeled by administering a thymidine analog (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, BrdU; 5 mg/kg of body weight in sterile saline) for 5 consecutive days and allowed a 25-d washout period. Calves were killed at 43 ± 1 d after a 6 h exposure to a defined concentration of volatile fatty acids. We obtained rumen tissue from the ventral sac and used it for immunohistochemical analyses of BrdU (putative stem and progenitor cells) and Ki67 (cell proliferation), gene expression analysis, and morphological measurements via hematoxylin and eosin staining. Epithelial stem and progenitor cell gene markers of interest, analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR, were β1-integrin, keratin-14, notch-1, tumor protein p63, and leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5. Body growth did not differ by diet, but empty reticulorumens were heavier in MRS calves (MRS: 0.67 ± 0.04 kg; MRO: 0.39 ± 0.04 kg). The percentage of label-retaining BrdU basale cells was higher in MRO calves than in MRS calves (2.0 ± 0.3% vs. 0.3 ± 0.2%, respectively). We observed a higher percentage of basale cells undergoing proliferation in MRS calves than in MRO calves (18.4 ± 2.6% vs. 10.8 ± 2.8%, respectively). Rumen epithelial gene expression was not affected by diet, but the submucosa was thicker in MRO calves and the epithelium and corneum/keratin layers were thicker in MRS calves. Presumptive stem and progenitor cells in the rumen epithelium were identifiable by their ability to retain labeled DNA in the long term, changed proliferative status in response to diet, and likely contributed to observed treatment differences in rumen tissue thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Yohe
- Dairy Science Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - H Schramm
- Virginia Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - C L M Parsons
- Dairy Science Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - H L M Tucker
- Dairy Science Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - B D Enger
- Dairy Science Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - N R Hardy
- Dairy Science Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - K M Daniels
- Dairy Science Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061.
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19
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Jia P, Cui K, Ma T, Wan F, Wang W, Yang D, Wang Y, Guo B, Zhao L, Diao Q. Influence of dietary supplementation with Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as alternatives to monensin on growth performance, antioxidant, immunity, ruminal fermentation and microbial diversity of fattening lambs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16712. [PMID: 30420720 PMCID: PMC6232095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternatives to antibiotics for improving productivity and maintaining the health of livestock health are urgently needed. The scope of this research was conducted to investigate the effects of two alternatives (Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to monensin on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity, ruminal fermentation and microbial diversity of fattening lambs. One hundred and sixty Dorper × Thin-tailed Han sheep (32 ± 3.45 kg BW) were randomly assigned into 5 treatments of n = 32 lambs/group. Lambs in the control group were fed a basal diet (NC) while the other four treatments were fed basal diets supplemented with monensin (PC), Bacillus licheniformis (BL), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), and the combination of Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with protease (BS), respectively. The experiment lasted for 66 d. Feed intake was recorded every 2 d and lambs were weighed every 20 d. Ten lambs from each group were slaughtered at the end of the trial, and samples of serum and rumen fluid were collected. The results indicated that the dietary regimen did not affect the dry matter intake (DMI). The average daily gain (ADG) of BS treatment was significantly higher than NC group (P < 0.05). Compared with the NC treatment, the other four supplementation treatments increased the concentration of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin (INS) (P < 0.05). The malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) showed no significant difference among the 5 treatments while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) of BS group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The supplementation regimen decreased the concentration of ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N) and increased the content of microbial crude proteins (MCP) (P < 0.05). The supplementation of antibiotics and probiotics reduced the concentrations of acetate and increased the concentrations of propionate (P < 0.05). The supplementation treatments increased the relative abundance of Lentisphaerae, Fibrobacteres and Tenericutes at the phylum level, whereas at the genus level, they increased the relative abundance of Fibrobacter (P < 0.05). Overall, this study confirmed the facilitating effect of B. licheniformis, S. cerevisiae and their compounds on growth performance, improve the antioxidant capacity and immune function, and beneficially manipulate ruminal fermentation and microbial diversity of fatting lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry in Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia Bayannaoer, Beijing, 015000, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry in Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia Bayannaoer, Beijing, 015000, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry in Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia Bayannaoer, Beijing, 015000, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Beijing Xindayang Technological Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Beijing Xindayang Technological Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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20
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Fraga M, Fernández S, Perelmuter K, Pomiés N, Cajarville C, Zunino P. The use of Prevotella bryantii 3C5 for modulation of the ruminal environment in an ovine model. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49 Suppl 1:101-106. [PMID: 30181051 PMCID: PMC6328840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Southern Hemisphere, ruminants are mostly raised in grazing systems where animals consume forage and are supplemented with low amounts of concentrates. Concentrates are usually given separately and are rapidly ingested. This practice leads to changing rumen environment conditions during the day, may alter the rumen microbial metabolism and could affect host performance. The native ruminal Prevotella bryantii strain 3C5 was administered every 48 h to wethers under experimental conditions simulating Southern-Hemisphere feeding to evaluate its potential as a rumen fermentation modulator. The inoculum potential was assessed on day 17. The ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), volatile fatty acids and ruminal pH were monitored on a 24-h basis 19 days after the beginning of the experiment, and the microbial community structure was assessed by pyrosequencing. The administration of P. bryantii modified the fermentation products and daily pH values compared to the control. The NH3-N concentration in the rumen of treated animals was significantly higher than that of the untreated animals. Modification of the ruminal environment and fermentation pathways was achieved without altering the general structure of the microbial community or the potential methane production. P. bryantii 3C5 could be considered in potential probiotic formulations for ruminants in semi-intensive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Fraga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Departamento de Microbiología, Montevideo, Uruguay; Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA-La Estanzuela, Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Colonia, Uruguay.
| | - Sofía Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Departamento de Microbiología, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Karen Perelmuter
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Departamento de Microbiología, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicolle Pomiés
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Departamento de Microbiología, Montevideo, Uruguay; Universidad de la República, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Producción Animal, Departamento de Nutrición Animal, San José, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Cajarville
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Producción Animal, Departamento de Nutrición Animal, San José, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Zunino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Departamento de Microbiología, Montevideo, Uruguay
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21
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Wang P, Zhao S, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zheng N, Wang J. Ruminal Methanogen Community in Dairy Cows Fed Agricultural Residues of Corn Stover, Rapeseed, and Cottonseed Meals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5439-5445. [PMID: 27322573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose was to reveal changes in the methanogen community in the rumen of dairy cows fed agricultural residues of corn stover, rapeseed, and cottonseed meals, compared with alfalfa hay or soybean meal. Analysis was based on cloning and sequencing the methyl coenzyme M reductase α-subunit gene of ruminal methanogens. Results revealed that predicted methane production was increased while population of ruminal methanogens was not significantly affected when cows were fed diets containing various amounts of agricultural residues. Richness and diversity of methanogen community were markedly increased by addition of agricultural residues. The dominant ruminal methanogens shared by all experimental groups belonged to rumen cluster C, accounting for 71% of total, followed by the order Methanobacteriales (29%). Alterations of ruminal methanogen community and prevalence of particular species occurred in response to fed agricultural residue rations, suggesting the possibility of regulating target methanogens to control methane production by dairy cows fed agricultural residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- Milk and Dairy Production Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture (Beijing) , Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- Milk and Dairy Production Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture (Beijing) , Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- Milk and Dairy Production Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture (Beijing) , Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- Milk and Dairy Production Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture (Beijing) , Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- Milk and Dairy Production Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture (Beijing) , Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- Milk and Dairy Production Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture (Beijing) , Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
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