1
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Hong CY, Yun JH, Kim GH. Ca 2+-mediated reactive oxygen species signaling regulates cell repair after mechanical wounding in the red alga Griffithsia monilis. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024; 60:853-870. [PMID: 38935837 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical damage to a cell can be fatal, and the cell must reseal its membrane and restore homeostasis to survive. Plant cell repair involves additional steps such as rebuilding vacuoles, rearranging chloroplasts, and remodeling the cell wall. When we pierced a Griffithsia monilis cell with a glass needle, a large amount of intracellular contents was released, but the cell membrane resealed in less than a second. The turgor of the vacuole was quickly restored, and the punctured cell returned to its original shape within an hour. Organelles such as chloroplasts and nuclei migrated to the wound site for 12 h and then dispersed throughout the cell after the wound was covered by a new cell wall. Using fluorescent probes, high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium were detected at the wound site from 3 h after wounding, which disappeared when cell repair was complete. Wounding in a solution containing ROS scavengers inhibited cellular repair, and inhibiting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity or blocking calcium influx reversibly inhibited cell repair. Oryzalin reversibly inhibited both chloroplast movement and ROS production during cell repair. Our results show that cell repair in G. monilis is regulated by calcium-mediated ROS signaling and that microtubules serve as mechanical effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Young Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Ji Ho Yun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Gwang Hoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
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2
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Begum K, Das A, Ahmed R, Akhtar S, Kulkarni R, Banu S. Genome-wide analysis of respiratory burst oxidase homolog ( Rboh) genes in Aquilaria species and insight into ROS-mediated metabolites biosynthesis and resin deposition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1326080. [PMID: 38405033 PMCID: PMC10893762 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1326080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Rboh) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a defense response during biotic and abiotic stress. In Aquilaria plants, wounding and fungal infection result in biosynthesis and deposition of secondary metabolites as defense responses, which later form constituents of fragrant resinous agarwood. During injury and fungal invasion, Aquilaria tree generates ROS species via the Rboh enzymes. Despite the implication of Rboh genes in agarwood formation, no comprehensive genomic-level study of the Rboh gene family in Aquilaria is present. A systematic illustration of their role during stress and involvement in initiating signal cascades for agarwood metabolite biosynthesis is missing. In this study, 14 Rboh genes were retrieved from genomes of two Aquilaria species, A. agallocha and A. sinensis, and were classified into five groups. The promoter regions of the genes had abundant of stress-responsive elements. Protein-protein network and in silico expression analysis suggested their functional association with MAPK proteins and transcription factors such as WRKY and MYC2. The study further explored the expression profiles of Rboh genes and found them to be differentially regulated in stress-induced callus and stem tissue, suggesting their involvement in ROS generation during stress in Aquilaria. Overall, the study provides in-depth insight into two Rboh genes, AaRbohC and AaRbohA, highlighting their role in defense against fungal and abiotic stress, and likely during initiation of agarwood formation through modulation of genes involved in secondary metabolites biosynthesis. The findings presented here offer valuable information about Rboh family members, which can be leveraged for further investigations into ROS-mediated regulation of agarwood formation in Aquilaria species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaleda Begum
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ankur Das
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Raja Ahmed
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Suraiya Akhtar
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ram Kulkarni
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Sofia Banu
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
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3
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Zhang L, Wang Z, Ji S, Zhu G, Dong Y, Li J, Jing Y, Jin S. Ferric reduction oxidase in Lilium pumilum affects plant saline-alkaline tolerance by regulating ROS homeostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108305. [PMID: 38241829 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Ferric reduction oxidase (FRO) plays important roles in biotic and abiotic stress. However, the function of ferric reduction oxidase from Lilium pumilum in response to NaHCO3 is unknown. Here we report the functional characterization of ferric reduction oxidase 7 in Lilium pumilum (LpFRO7) in stresses. Under NaHCO3 stress, the LpFRO7 overexpression lines exhibited lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), higher activities in antioxidant enzyme (CAT, SOD and POD) and ferrite reductase, resulting in improved tolerance compared to the wild type (WT). In order to determine the functional network of LpFRO7, it was confirmed by EMSA assays, Yeast one-hybrid assays and Dual luciferase reporter assays that LpbHLH115 transcription factor can bind to the promoter of LpFRO7. Yeast two-hybrid assays, BiFC, and LCI assays were performed to prove that LpFRO7 can interact with LpTrx. Combining these findings, we concluded that LpFRO7 affects plant saline-alkaline tolerance by regulating ROS homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
| | - Zongying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
| | - Shangwei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
| | - Yi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China; Aulin College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Ji Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
| | - Yibo Jing
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China; Aulin College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Shumei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
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Petrova NZ, Tóth TN, Shetty P, Maróti G, Tóth SZ. Enhancing biophotovoltaic efficiency: Study on a highly productive green algal strain Parachlorella kessleri MACC-38. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130206. [PMID: 38122998 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Biophotovoltaic (BPV) devices are a potential decentralized and environmentally friendly energy source that harness solar energy through photosynthesis. BPV devices are self-regenerating, promising long-term usability. A practical strategy for enhancing BPV performance is to systematically screen for highly exoelectrogenic algal strains capable of generating large electric current density. In this study, a previously uncharacterized green algal strain - Parachlorella kessleri MACC-38 was found to generate over 340 µA mg-1 Chl cm-2. This output is approximately ten-fold higher than those of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella species. The current production of MACC-38 primarily originates from photosynthesis, and the strain maintains its physiological integrity throughout the process. MACC-38 exhibits unique traits such as low extracellular O2 and Fe(III) reduction, substantial copper (II) reduction, and significant extracellular acidification during current generation, contributing to its high productivity. The exoelectrogenic and growth characteristics of MACC-38 suggest that it could markedly boost BPV efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia Z Petrova
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Tünde N Tóth
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Prateek Shetty
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gergely Maróti
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Szilvia Z Tóth
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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5
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He Z, Li Q, Xu Y, Zhang D, Pan X. Production of extracellular superoxide radical in microorganisms and its environmental implications: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122563. [PMID: 37717891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular superoxide radical (O2•-) is ubiquitous in microbial environments and has significant implications for pollutant transformation. Microbial extracellular O2•- can be produced through multiple pathways, including electron leakage from the respiratory electron transport chain (ETC), NADPH oxidation by the transmembrane NADPH oxidase (NOX), and extracellular reactions. Extracellular O2•- significantly influences the geochemical processes of various substances, including toxic metals and refractory organic pollutants. On one hand, extracellular O2•- can react with variable-valence metals and detoxify certain highly toxic metals, such as As(III), Cr(VI), and Hg(II). On the other hand, extracellular O2•- can directly or indirectly (via Bio-Fenton) degrade many organic pollutants, including a variety of emerging contaminants. In this work, we summarize the production mechanisms of microbial extracellular O2•-, review its roles in the transformation of environmental pollutants, and discuss the potential applications, limiting factors, and future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfei He
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qunqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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6
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Du L, Jiang Z, Zhou Y, Shen L, He J, Xia X, Zhang L, Yang X. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog ( RBOH) Gene Family in Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) under Abiotic and Biotic Stress. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1665. [PMID: 37761805 PMCID: PMC10531080 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) are important proteins that catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play important roles in growth and stress response. For a comprehensive analysis of SmRBOH genes, we conducted genome-wide identification of the SmRBOH gene family in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and analyzed the expression of SmRBOHs under abiotic (salt, high-temperature, and low-temperature) and biotic stress (Verticillium dahliae inoculation) by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The result showed that a total of eight SmRBOH members were identified from the genome database of eggplant, and they were relatively evenly distributed across seven chromosomes. The analysis of Motif and the conserved domain showed that SmRBOHs have high similarity in protein sequences and functions. Based on phylogenetics, SmRBOHs were classified into three distinct clades. Furthermore, the promoter regions of SmRBOHs were found to contain different cis-elements. Additionally, the results of the qRT-PCR demonstrated differential expression patterns of SmRBOHs in different tissues (the roots, stems, and leaves) and stress conditions. SmRBOHB, SmRBOHD, SmRBOHH1, and SmRBOHH2 showed significant upregulation (>20-fold) under at least one stress condition. Subcellular localization analysis of the above four members further confirmed that they localized on the plasma membrane. This study provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the functions of SmRBOHs in eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xu Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (J.H.); (X.X.); (L.Z.)
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7
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Reich HG, Camp EF, Roger LM, Putnam HM. The trace metal economy of the coral holobiont: supplies, demands and exchanges. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:623-642. [PMID: 36897260 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The juxtaposition of highly productive coral reef ecosystems in oligotrophic waters has spurred substantial interest and progress in our understanding of macronutrient uptake, exchange, and recycling among coral holobiont partners (host coral, dinoflagellate endosymbiont, endolithic algae, fungi, viruses, bacterial communities). By contrast, the contribution of trace metals to the physiological performance of the coral holobiont and, in turn, the functional ecology of reef-building corals remains unclear. The coral holobiont's trace metal economy is a network of supply, demand, and exchanges upheld by cross-kingdom symbiotic partnerships. Each partner has unique trace metal requirements that are central to their biochemical functions and the metabolic stability of the holobiont. Organismal homeostasis and the exchanges among partners determine the ability of the coral holobiont to adjust to fluctuating trace metal supplies in heterogeneous reef environments. This review details the requirements for trace metals in core biological processes and describes how metal exchanges among holobiont partners are key to sustaining complex nutritional symbioses in oligotrophic environments. Specifically, we discuss how trace metals contribute to partner compatibility, ability to cope with stress, and thereby to organismal fitness and distribution. Beyond holobiont trace metal cycling, we outline how the dynamic nature of the availability of environmental trace metal supplies can be influenced by a variability of abiotic factors (e.g. temperature, light, pH, etc.). Climate change will have profound consequences on the availability of trace metals and further intensify the myriad stressors that influence coral survival. Lastly, we suggest future research directions necessary for understanding the impacts of trace metals on the coral holobiont symbioses spanning subcellular to organismal levels, which will inform nutrient cycling in coral ecosystems more broadly. Collectively, this cross-scale elucidation of the role of trace metals for the coral holobiont will allow us to improve forecasts of future coral reef function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Reich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Emma F Camp
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Liza M Roger
- Chemical & Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Hollie M Putnam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
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8
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Zhang H, Wang X, Yan A, Deng J, Xie Y, Liu S, Liu D, He L, Weng J, Xu J. Evolutionary Analysis of Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog (RBOH) Genes in Plants and Characterization of ZmRBOHs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043858. [PMID: 36835269 PMCID: PMC9965149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH), as the key producer of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays an essential role in plant development. In this study, a bioinformatic analysis was performed on 22 plant species, and 181 RBOH homologues were identified. A typical RBOH family was identified only in terrestrial plants, and the number of RBOHs increased from non-angiosperms to angiosperms. Whole genome duplication (WGD)/segmental duplication played a key role in RBOH gene family expansion. Amino acid numbers of 181 RBOHs ranged from 98 to 1461, and the encoded proteins had molecular weights from 11.1 to 163.6 kDa, respectively. All plant RBOHs contained a conserved NADPH_Ox domain, while some of them lacked the FAD_binding_8 domain. Plant RBOHs were classified into five main subgroups by phylogenetic analysis. Most RBOH members in the same subgroup showed conservation in both motif distribution and gene structure composition. Fifteen ZmRBOHs were identified in maize genome and were positioned in eight maize chromosomes. A total of three pairs of orthologous genes were found in maize, including ZmRBOH6/ZmRBOH8, ZmRBOH4/ZmRBOH10 and ZmRBOH15/ZmRBOH2. A Ka/Ks calculation confirmed that purifying selection was the main driving force in their evolution. ZmRBOHs had typical conserved domains and similar protein structures. cis-element analyses together with the expression profiles of the ZmRBOH genes in various tissues and stages of development suggested that ZmRBOH was involved in distinct biological processes and stress responses. Based on the RNA-Seq data and qRT-PCR analysis, the transcriptional response of ZmRBOH genes was examined under various abiotic stresses, and most of ZmRBOH genes were up-regulated by cold stress. These findings provide valuable information for further revealing the biological roles of ZmRBOH genes in plant development and abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - An Yan
- College of Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jie Deng
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yanping Xie
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shiyuan Liu
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Debin Liu
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Lin He
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jianfeng Weng
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.X.)
| | - Jingyu Xu
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.X.)
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9
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Hewitt OH, Degnan SM. Distribution and diversity of ROS-generating enzymes across the animal kingdom, with a focus on sponges (Porifera). BMC Biol 2022; 20:212. [PMID: 36175868 PMCID: PMC9524095 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive derivatives of oxygen (reactive oxygen species; ROS) are essential in signalling networks of all aerobic life. Redox signalling, based on cascades of oxidation-reduction reactions, is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism that uses ROS to regulate an array of vital cellular processes. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2•-) are employed as signalling molecules that alter the oxidation state of atoms, inhibiting or activating gene activity. Here, we conduct metazoan-wide comparative genomic assessments of the two enzyme families, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and NADPH oxidases (NOX), that generate H2O2 and/or O2•- in animals. RESULTS Using the genomes of 19 metazoan species representing 10 phyla, we expand significantly on previous surveys of these two ancient enzyme families. We find that the diversity and distribution of both the SOD and NOX enzyme families comprise some conserved members but also vary considerably across phyletic animal lineages. For example, there is substantial NOX gene loss in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and divergent SOD isoforms in the bilaterians D. melanogaster and C. elegans. We focus particularly on the sponges (phylum Porifera), a sister group to all other metazoans, from which these enzymes have not previously been described. Within Porifera, we find a unique calcium-regulated NOX, the widespread radiation of an atypical member of CuZnSOD named Rsod, and a novel endoplasmic reticulum MnSOD that is prevalent across aquatic metazoans. CONCLUSIONS Considering the precise, spatiotemporal specificity of redox signalling, our findings highlight the value of expanding redox research across a greater diversity of organisms to better understand the functional roles of these ancient enzymes within a universally important signalling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia H Hewitt
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Sandie M Degnan
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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10
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Copper Requirement and Acquisition by Marine Microalgae. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091853. [PMID: 36144455 PMCID: PMC9502191 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is a critical metal nutrient required by marine microalgae but may be toxic when supplied in excess. Maintaining an optimal intracellular Cu content is thus fundamentally necessary for microalgae and relies on cellular regulatory metabolisms and the process of Cu uptake that buffers the variation in environmental Cu availability. In this article the current progress in understanding the Cu requirements and acquisition mechanisms of marine microalgae is reviewed. Cu requirement by microalgae is primarily determined by the amount of Cu-dependent enzymes involved in cellular metabolisms and can be adjusted by Cu-sparing pathways. Decrease in metabolic Cu quotas caused a decline in the abundance of cuproenzymes and the dependent cellular metabolisms, and an induction of Cu acquisition pathways. Conventional models of Cu uptake describe the dependence of Cu uptake rate on free Cu2+ ions or kinetically labile species. A reductive, high-affinity Cu uptake system in marine microalgae is identified which enables cells to directly utilize organically complexed Cu, highlighting the importance of cell surface Cu reduction in the marine Cu cycle. This review provides new insights into Cu uptake models that may update the existing knowledge of Cu availability in the ocean.
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ROS Signaling Mediates Directional Cell Elongation and Somatic Cell Fusion in the Red Alga Griffithsia monilis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132124. [PMID: 35805208 PMCID: PMC9266221 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In many filamentous red algae, cells that die from physical damage are replaced through somatic fusion of repair cells formed from adjacent cells. We visualized ROS generation in repair cells of Giriffthsia monilis using DCFH-DA staining and examined the expression of the genes involved in wound healing using quantitative PCR. Repair cells elongate along the H2O2 gradient, meet at each other’s tips where the H2O2 concentration is highest, and undergo somatic fusion. No wound response occurred with ascorbic acid treatment. Conversely, H2O2 treatment induced many repair cells, leading to multiple somatic cell fusions. Diphenylene iodonium (DPI) or caffeine treatment reversibly inhibited ROS production in repair cells and blocked the progression of the wound response suggesting that ROS and calcium signaling are involved in the process. Four G. monilis homologues of NADPH-oxidase (GmRBOHs) were identified. The expression of GmRBOHs was upregulated upon injury, peaking 1 h post injury, and decreasing to initial levels when repair cells began to elongate. Our results suggest that ROS generated upon cell injury activates Ca2+ channels and upregulates the expression of GmRBOHs, and that H2O2 generated from repair cells mediates induced repair cell elongation leading to somatic cell fusion and filament repair.
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12
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Using nanomaterials to increase the efficiency of chemical production in microbial cell factories: A comprehensive review. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Segal-Kischinevzky C, Romero-Aguilar L, Alcaraz LD, López-Ortiz G, Martínez-Castillo B, Torres-Ramírez N, Sandoval G, González J. Yeasts Inhabiting Extreme Environments and Their Biotechnological Applications. Microorganisms 2022; 10:794. [PMID: 35456844 PMCID: PMC9028089 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeasts are microscopic fungi inhabiting all Earth environments, including those inhospitable for most life forms, considered extreme environments. According to their habitats, yeasts could be extremotolerant or extremophiles. Some are polyextremophiles, depending on their growth capacity, tolerance, and survival in the face of their habitat's physical and chemical constitution. The extreme yeasts are relevant for the industrial production of value-added compounds, such as biofuels, lipids, carotenoids, recombinant proteins, enzymes, among others. This review calls attention to the importance of yeasts inhabiting extreme environments, including metabolic and adaptive aspects to tolerate conditions of cold, heat, water availability, pH, salinity, osmolarity, UV radiation, and metal toxicity, which are relevant for biotechnological applications. We explore the habitats of extreme yeasts, highlighting key species, physiology, adaptations, and molecular identification. Finally, we summarize several findings related to the industrially-important extremophilic yeasts and describe current trends in biotechnological applications that will impact the bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Segal-Kischinevzky
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.S.-K.); (L.D.A.); (B.M.-C.); (N.T.-R.)
| | - Lucero Romero-Aguilar
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Luis D. Alcaraz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.S.-K.); (L.D.A.); (B.M.-C.); (N.T.-R.)
| | - Geovani López-Ortiz
- Subdivisión de Medicina Familiar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Blanca Martínez-Castillo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.S.-K.); (L.D.A.); (B.M.-C.); (N.T.-R.)
| | - Nayeli Torres-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.S.-K.); (L.D.A.); (B.M.-C.); (N.T.-R.)
| | - Georgina Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Innovación en Bioenergéticos y Bioprocesos Avanzados (LIBBA), Unidad de Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco AC (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas No. 800 Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico;
| | - James González
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.S.-K.); (L.D.A.); (B.M.-C.); (N.T.-R.)
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14
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Uji T, Kandori T, Konishi S, Mizuta H. Phospholipase D activation is required for 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid signaling during sexual reproduction in the marine red alga Neopyropia yezoensis (Rhodophyta). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:181. [PMID: 35395727 PMCID: PMC8991923 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is the immediate precursor of the plant hormone ethylene. However, recent studies have suggested that ACC also acts as a signaling molecule to regulate development and growth independently from ethylene biosynthesis. In red algae, ACC stimulates the switch from a vegetative to a sexual reproductive phase. However, despite evidence that ACC signaling in plants and algae is widespread, the mechanistic basis of the ACC signaling pathway remains unknown. RESULTS We demonstrate that exogenous ACC increased the activity of phospholipase D (PLD) and induced the accumulation of PLD transcripts in the marine red alga Neopyropia yezoensis. The product of PLD, the lipid second messenger phosphatidic acid (PA), also increased in response to ACC. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of PLD by 1-butanol blocked ACC-induced spermatangia and carpospore production, but the inactive isomer t-butanol did not. In addition, 1-butanol prevented ACC-induced growth inhibition and inhibited transcript accumulation of genes upregulated by ACC, including extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes, and alleviated the transcriptional decrease of genes downregulated by ACC, including photosynthesis-related genes. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that PLD is a positive regulator of sexual cell differentiation and a negative regulator of growth. This study demonstrates that PLD and its product, PA, are components of ACC signaling during sexual reproduction in N. yezoensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Uji
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Genetics and Genomics, Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Takuya Kandori
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Genetics and Genomics, Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Shiho Konishi
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Genetics and Genomics, Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuta
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Genetics and Genomics, Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
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15
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Shim E, Lee JW, Park H, Zuccarello GC, Kim GH. Hydrogen peroxide signalling mediates fertilization and post-fertilization development in the red alga Bostrychia moritziana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:727-741. [PMID: 34652437 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling has a multitude of roles in cellular processes throughout biology. We hypothesized that red algal fertilization may offer an interesting model to study ROS-mediated signalling, as the stages of fertilization are complex and unique. We detected the localization of ROS production microscopically and monitored the expression of three homologues of NADPH oxidase in reproductive cells during fertilization. ROS were instantaneously produced by spermatia (sperm) when they attached to female trichogynes, diffused across the cell membrane in the form of H2O2, and triggered ROS generation in the carpogonium (egg) as well as carpogonial branch cells which are not in direct contact with spermatia. The expression of NADPH oxidase homologues, RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGUES (BmRBOHs), began to be up-regulated in the female plant upon gamete binding, peaking during the fertilization process and descending back to their original level after fertilization. Pre-treatment with diphenylene iodonium or caffeine blocked gene expression as well as H2O2 production. Post-fertilization development was also inhibited when the redox state of the plants was perturbed with H2O2 at any time before or after the fertilization. Our results suggest that H2O2 acts as an auto-propagating signalling molecule, possibly through Ca2+ channel activation, and regulates gene expression in fertilization as well as post-fertilization development in red algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Shim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea
| | - Ji Woong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea
| | - Hana Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea
| | - Giuseppe C Zuccarello
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Gwang Hoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea
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16
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Role and Evolution of the Extracellular Matrix in the Acquisition of Complex Multicellularity in Eukaryotes: A Macroalgal Perspective. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071059. [PMID: 34356075 PMCID: PMC8307928 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular eukaryotes are characterized by an expanded extracellular matrix (ECM) with a diversified composition. The ECM is involved in determining tissue texture, screening cells from the outside medium, development, and innate immunity, all of which are essential features in the biology of multicellular eukaryotes. This review addresses the origin and evolution of the ECM, with a focus on multicellular marine algae. We show that in these lineages the expansion of extracellular matrix played a major role in the acquisition of complex multicellularity through its capacity to connect, position, shield, and defend the cells. Multiple innovations were necessary during these evolutionary processes, leading to striking convergences in the structures and functions of the ECMs of algae, animals, and plants.
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17
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Vermot A, Petit-Härtlein I, Smith SME, Fieschi F. NADPH Oxidases (NOX): An Overview from Discovery, Molecular Mechanisms to Physiology and Pathology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:890. [PMID: 34205998 PMCID: PMC8228183 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX) was first identified in the membrane of phagocytic cells. For many years, its only known role was in immune defense, where its ROS production leads to the destruction of pathogens by the immune cells. NOX from phagocytes catalyzes, via one-electron trans-membrane transfer to molecular oxygen, the production of the superoxide anion. Over the years, six human homologs of the catalytic subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the NOX2/gp91phox component present in the phagocyte NADPH oxidase assembly itself, the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. NOX are complex multidomain proteins with varying requirements for assembly with combinations of other proteins for activity. The recent structural insights acquired on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic NOX open new perspectives for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms inherent to NOX regulation and ROS production (superoxide or hydrogen peroxide). This new structural information will certainly inform new investigations of human disease. As specialized ROS producers, NOX enzymes participate in numerous crucial physiological processes, including host defense, the post-translational processing of proteins, cellular signaling, regulation of gene expression, and cell differentiation. These diversities of physiological context will be discussed in this review. We also discuss NOX misregulation, which can contribute to a wide range of severe pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, lung fibrosis, cancer, or neurodegenerative diseases, giving this family of membrane proteins a strong therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise Vermot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.V.); (I.P.-H.)
| | - Isabelle Petit-Härtlein
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.V.); (I.P.-H.)
| | - Susan M. E. Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA;
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.V.); (I.P.-H.)
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18
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Hu CF, Wu SP, Lin GJ, Shieh CC, Hsu CS, Chen JW, Chen SH, Hong JS, Chen SJ. Microglial Nox2 Plays a Key Role in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:638381. [PMID: 33868265 PMCID: PMC8050344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While oxidative stress has been linked to multiple sclerosis (MS), the role of superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase (Nox2) in central nervous system (CNS) pathogenesis remains unclear. This study investigates the impact of Nox2 gene ablation on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in a mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Nox2 deficiency attenuates EAE-induced neural damage and reduces disease severity, pathogenic immune cells infiltration, demyelination, and oxidative stress in the CNS. The number of autoreactive T cells, myeloid cells, and activated microglia, as well as the production of cytokines and chemokines, including GM-CSF, IFNγ, TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10, were much lower in the Nox2-/- CNS tissues but remained unaltered in the peripheral lymphoid organs. RNA-seq profiling of microglial transcriptome identified a panel of Nox2 dependent proinflammatory genes: Pf4, Tnfrsf9, Tnfsf12, Tnfsf13, Ccl7, Cxcl3, and Cxcl9. Furthermore, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that microglial Nox2 plays a regulatory role in multiple pathways known to be important for MS/EAE pathogenesis, including STAT3, glutathione, leukotriene biosynthesis, IL-8, HMGB1, NRF2, systemic lupus erythematosus in B cells, and T cell exhaustion signaling. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the critical functions performed by microglial Nox2 during the EAE pathogenesis, suggesting that Nox2 inhibition may represent an important therapeutic target for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Fen Hu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - San-Pin Wu
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Gu-Jiun Lin
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Shieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sin Hsu
- Genomics Center for Clinical and Biotechnological Applications of Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Wun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Heng Chen
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Jau-Shyong Hong
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Shyi-Jou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Wang S, Liu J, Wang X, Han Y, Liu F. Up-regulated 2-alkenal reductase expression improves low-nitrogen tolerance in maize by alleviating oxidative stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 43:2957-2968. [PMID: 33215716 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In plants, cellular lipid peroxidation is enhanced under low nitrogen (LN) stress; this increases the lipid-derived reactive carbonyl species (RCS) levels. The cellular toxicity of RCS can be reduced by various RCS-scavenging enzymes. However, the roles of these enzymes in alleviating oxidative stress and improving nutrient use efficiency (NUE) under nutrient stress remain unknown. Here, we overexpressed maize endogenous NADPH-dependent 2-alkenal reductase (ZmAER) in maize; it significantly increased the tolerance of transgenic plants (OX-AER) to LN stress. Under LN condition, the biomass, nitrogen accumulation, NUE, and leaf photosynthesis of the OX-AER plants were significantly higher than those of the wild-type (WT) plants. The leaf and root malondialdehyde and H2 O2 levels in the transgenic plants were significantly lower than those in WT. The expression of antioxidant enzyme-related genes ZmCAT3, ZmPOD5 and ZmPOD13 was significantly higher in the transgenic lines than in WT. Under LN stress, the nitrate reductase activity in the OX-AER leaves was significantly increased compared with that in the WT leaves. Furthermore, under LN stress, ZmNRT1.1 and ZmNRT2.5 expression was upregulated in the OX-AER plants compared with that in WT. Overall, up-regulated ZmAER expression could enhance maize's tolerance to LN stress by alleviating oxidative stress and improve NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxiang Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Disease and Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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20
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Hansel CM, Diaz JM. Production of Extracellular Reactive Oxygen Species by Marine Biota. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2021; 13:177-200. [PMID: 32956016 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-041320-102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced ubiquitously across the tree of life. Far from being synonymous with toxicity and harm, biological ROS production is increasingly recognized for its essential functions in signaling, growth, biological interactions, and physiochemical defense systems in a diversity of organisms, spanning microbes to mammals. Part of this shift in thinking can be attributed to the wide phylogenetic distribution of specialized mechanisms for ROS production, such as NADPH oxidases, which decouple intracellular and extracellular ROS pools by directly catalyzing the reduction of oxygen in the surrounding aqueous environment. Furthermore, biological ROS production contributes substantially to natural fluxes of ROS in the ocean, thereby influencing the fate of carbon, metals, oxygen, and climate-relevant gases. Here, we review the taxonomic diversity, mechanisms, and roles of extracellular ROS production in marine bacteria, phytoplankton, seaweeds, and corals, highlighting the ecological and biogeochemical influences of this fundamental and remarkably widespread process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Hansel
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA;
| | - Julia M Diaz
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA;
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21
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Thapa HR, Lin Z, Yi D, Smith JE, Schmidt EW, Agarwal V. Genetic and Biochemical Reconstitution of Bromoform Biosynthesis in Asparagopsis Lends Insights into Seaweed Reactive Oxygen Species Enzymology. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1662-1670. [PMID: 32453942 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Marine macroalgae, seaweeds, are exceptionally prolific producers of halogenated natural products. Biosynthesis of halogenated molecules in seaweeds is inextricably linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling as hydrogen peroxide serves as a substrate for haloperoxidase enzymes that participate in the construction these halogenated molecules. Here, using red macroalga Asparagopsis taxiformis, a prolific producer of the ozone depleting molecule bromoform, we provide the discovery and biochemical characterization of a ROS-producing NAD(P)H oxidase from seaweeds. This discovery was enabled by our sequencing of Asparagopsis genomes, in which we find the gene encoding the ROS-producing enzyme to be clustered with genes encoding bromoform-producing haloperoxidases. Biochemical reconstitution of haloperoxidase activities establishes that fatty acid biosynthesis can provide viable hydrocarbon substrates for bromoform production. The ROS production haloperoxidase enzymology that we describe here advances seaweed biology and biochemistry by providing the molecular basis for decades worth of physiological observations in ROS and halogenated natural product biosyntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem R. Thapa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Zhenjian Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Dongqi Yi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Smith
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Eric W. Schmidt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Vinayak Agarwal
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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22
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Uji T, Endo H, Mizuta H. Sexual Reproduction via a 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid-Dependent Pathway Through Redox Modulation in the Marine Red Alga Pyropia yezoensis (Rhodophyta). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:60. [PMID: 32117396 PMCID: PMC7028691 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The transition from the vegetative to sexually reproductive phase is the most dynamic change to occur during a plant's life cycle. In the present study, we showed that the ethylene precursor 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) induces sexual reproduction in the marine red alga Pyropia yezoensis independently from ethylene. Exogenous application of ACC, which contains a three membered carbocyclic ring, promoted the formation of spermatia and carporspores in gametophytes, whereas ethephon, an ethylene-releasing compound, did not stimulate sexual reproduction. In addition, an ACC analog, 1-aminocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (ACBC), which contains a four membered carbocyclic ring, promoted sexual reproduction and enhanced tolerance to oxidative stress in the same manner as ACC, but 1-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (cycloleucine; which contains a cyclopentane ring) did not. The application of ACC increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced the expression of PyRboh gene encoding NADPH oxidase. ACC also stimulated the synthesis of ascorbate (AsA) by inducing transcripts of PyGalLDH, which encodes galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, the catalyst for the final enzymatic step of the AsA biosynthetic pathway. Conversely, ACC caused a decrease in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH) by repressing transcripts of PyGCL, which encodes glutamate cysteine ligase, the catalyst for the rate-limiting step in the formation of GSH. These results suggest a possible role played by ACC as a signaling molecule independent from ethylene in the regulation of sexual reproduction through alterations to the redox state in P. yezoensis.
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23
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Barth E, Srivastava A, Stojiljkovic M, Frahm C, Axer H, Witte OW, Marz M. Conserved aging-related signatures of senescence and inflammation in different tissues and species. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8556-8572. [PMID: 31606727 PMCID: PMC6814591 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that chronic inflammation and senescence are the cause of many severe age-related diseases, with both biological processes highly upregulated during aging. However, until now, it has remained unknown whether specific inflammation- or senescence-related genes exist that are common between different species or tissues. These potential markers of aging could help to identify possible targets for therapeutic interventions of aging-associated afflictions and might also deepen our understanding of the principal mechanisms of aging. With the objective of identifying such signatures of aging and tissue-specific aging markers, we analyzed a multitude of cross-sectional RNA-Seq data from four evolutionarily distinct species (human, mouse and two fish) and four different tissues (blood, brain, liver and skin). In at least three different species and three different tissues, we identified several genes that displayed similar expression patterns that might serve as potential aging markers. Additionally, we show that genes involved in aging-related processes tend to be tighter controlled in long-lived than in average-lived individuals. These observations hint at a general genetic level that affect an individual’s life span. Altogether, this descriptive study contributes to a better understanding of common aging signatures as well as tissue-specific aging patterns and supplies the basis for further investigative age-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Barth
- Bioinformatics/High Throughput Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,FLI Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Jena, Germany
| | - Akash Srivastava
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Milan Stojiljkovic
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christiane Frahm
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hubertus Axer
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Manja Marz
- Bioinformatics/High Throughput Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,FLI Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Jena, Germany.,European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
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24
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Im SH, Klochkova TA, Lee DJ, Gachon CMM, Kim GH. Genetic toolkits of the red alga Pyropia tenera against the three most common diseases in Pyropia farms. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2019; 55:801-815. [PMID: 30897208 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Disease outbreaks devastate Pyropia aquaculture farms every year. The three most common and serious diseases are Olpidiopsis-blight and red-rot disease caused by oomycete pathogens and green-spot disease caused by the PyroV1 virus. We hypothesized that a basic genetic profile of molecular defenses will be revealed by comparing and analyzing the genetic response of Pyropia tenera against the above three pathogens. RNAs isolated from infected thalli were hybridized onto an oligochip containing 15,115 primers designed from P. tenera expressed sequence tags (EST)s. Microarray profiles of the three diseases were compared and interpreted together with histochemical observation. Massive amounts of reactive oxygen species accumulated in P. tenera cells exposed to oomycete pathogens. Heat shock genes and serine proteases were the most highly up-regulated genes in all infection experiments. Genes involved in RNA metabolism, ribosomal proteins and antioxidant metabolism were also highly up-regulated. Genetic profiles of P. tenera in response to pathogens were most similar between the two biotrophic pathogens, Olpidiopsis pyropiae and PyroV1 virus. A group of plant resistance genes were specifically regulated against each pathogen. Our results suggested that disease response in P. tenera consists of a general constitutive defense and a genetic toolkit against specific pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyun Im
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju, 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Tatyana A Klochkova
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju, 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Jeoung Lee
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju, 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Claire M M Gachon
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA, UK
| | - Gwang Hoon Kim
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju, 32588, Republic of Korea
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25
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Shikata T, Takahashi F, Nishide H, Shigenobu S, Kamei Y, Sakamoto S, Yuasa K, Nishiyama Y, Yamasaki Y, Uchiyama I. RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Genes Related to Photoreception, Nutrient Uptake, and Toxicity in a Noxious Red-Tide Raphidophyte Chattonella antiqua. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1764. [PMID: 31417538 PMCID: PMC6685483 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture industries are under threat from noxious red tides, but harm can be mitigated by precautions such as early harvesting and restricting fish feeding to just before the outbreak of a red tide. Therefore, accurate techniques for forecasting red-tide outbreaks are strongly needed. Omics analyses have the potential to expand our understanding of the eco-physiology of these organisms at the molecular level, and to facilitate identification of molecular markers for forecasting their population dynamics and occurrence of damages to fisheries. Red tides of marine raphidophytes, especially Chattonella species, often extensively harm aquaculture industries in regions with a temperate climate around the world. A red tide of Chattonella tends to develop just after an input of nutrients along the coast. Chattonella displays diurnal vertical migration regulated by a weak blue light, so it photosynthesizes in the surface layer during the daytime and takes up nutrients in the bottom layer during the nighttime. Superoxide produced by Chattonella cells is a strong candidate for the cause of its toxicity to bacteria and fishes. Here we conducted mRNA-seq of Chattonella antiqua to identify genes with functions closely related to the dynamics of the noxious red tide, such as photosynthesis, photoreception, nutrient uptake, and superoxide production. The genes related to photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis and nutrient uptake had high similarity with those of model organisms of plants and algae and other red-tide microalgae. We identified orthologous genes of photoreceptors such as aureochrome (newly five genes), the cryptochrome/photolyase (CRY/PHR) family (6-4PHR, plant CRY or cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer [CPD] Class III, CPD Class II, and CRY-DASH), and phytochrome (four genes), which regulate various physiological processes such as flagellar motion and cell cycle in model organisms. Six orthologous genes of NADPH oxidase, which produces superoxide on the cell membrane, were found and divided into two types: one with 5-6 transmembrane domains and another with 11 transmembrane domains. The present study should open the way for analyzing the eco-physiological features of marine raphidophytes at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Shikata
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Hatsukaiti, Japan
| | - Fumio Takahashi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Nishide
- Laboratory of Genome Informatics, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Setsuko Sakamoto
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Hatsukaiti, Japan
| | - Kouki Yuasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nishiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Environmental Biology, Department of Applied Aquabiology, National Fisheries University, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ikuo Uchiyama
- Laboratory of Genome Informatics, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
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Plummer S, Taylor AE, Harvey EL, Hansel CM, Diaz JM. Dynamic Regulation of Extracellular Superoxide Production by the Coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (CCMP 374). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1546. [PMID: 31354655 PMCID: PMC6640029 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In marine waters, ubiquitous reactive oxygen species (ROS) drive biogeochemical cycling of metals and carbon. Marine phytoplankton produce the ROS superoxide (O2−) extracellularly and can be a dominant source of O2− in natural aquatic systems. However, the cellular regulation, biological functioning, and broader ecological impacts of extracellular O2− production by marine phytoplankton remain mysterious. Here, we explored the regulation and potential roles of extracellular O2− production by a noncalcifying strain of the cosmopolitan coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi, a key species of marine phytoplankton that has not been examined for extracellular O2− production previously. Cell-normalized extracellular O2− production was the highest under presumably low-stress conditions during active proliferation and inversely related to cell density during exponential growth phase. Removal of extracellular O2− through addition of the O2− scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD), however, increased growth rates, growth yields, cell biovolume, and photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) indicating an overall physiological improvement. Thus, the presence of extracellular O2− does not directly stimulate E. huxleyi proliferation, as previously suggested for other phytoplankton, bacteria, fungi, and protists. Extracellular O2− production decreased in the dark, suggesting a connection with photosynthetic processes. Taken together, the tight regulation of this stress independent production of extracellular O2− by E. huxleyi suggests that it could be involved in fundamental photophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Plummer
- Department of Marine Sciences, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, University of Georgia, Savannah, GA, United States
| | - Alexander E Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Elizabeth L Harvey
- Department of Marine Sciences, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, University of Georgia, Savannah, GA, United States
| | - Colleen M Hansel
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Julia M Diaz
- Department of Marine Sciences, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, University of Georgia, Savannah, GA, United States
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NADPH-dependent extracellular superoxide production is vital to photophysiology in the marine diatom Thalassiosira oceanica. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:16448-16453. [PMID: 31346083 PMCID: PMC6697786 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821233116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) are commonly regarded as harmful progenitors of biological stress and death, but this view has been changing. Indeed, many phytoplankton actively generate extracellular superoxide under ideal growth conditions for reasons that are mysterious. Results from this study suggest that extracellular superoxide production by the marine diatom Thalassiosira oceanica may promote photosynthetic health by modulating the oxidation state of the cellular NADP+/NADPH pool. The key enzyme implicated in this process is present in other representative marine phytoplankton and global ocean metagenomes. Overall, these findings transform the perceived role of superoxide in the health and functioning of phytoplankton and present implications for redox balance, biogeochemistry, and ecology in the future ocean. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) like superoxide drive rapid transformations of carbon and metals in aquatic systems and play dynamic roles in biological health, signaling, and defense across a diversity of cell types. In phytoplankton, however, the ecophysiological role(s) of extracellular superoxide production has remained elusive. Here, the mechanism and function of extracellular superoxide production by the marine diatom Thalassiosira oceanica are described. Extracellular superoxide production in T. oceanica exudates was coupled to the oxidation of NADPH. A putative NADPH-oxidizing flavoenzyme with predicted transmembrane domains and high sequence similarity to glutathione reductase (GR) was implicated in this process. GR was also linked to extracellular superoxide production by whole cells via quenching by the flavoenzyme inhibitor diphenylene iodonium (DPI) and oxidized glutathione, the preferred electron acceptor of GR. Extracellular superoxide production followed a typical photosynthesis-irradiance curve and increased by 30% above the saturation irradiance of photosynthesis, while DPI significantly impaired the efficiency of photosystem II under a wide range of light levels. Together, these results suggest that extracellular superoxide production is a byproduct of a transplasma membrane electron transport system that serves to balance the cellular redox state through the recycling of photosynthetic NADPH. This photoprotective function may be widespread, consistent with the presence of putative homologs to T. oceanica GR in other representative marine phytoplankton and ocean metagenomes. Given predicted climate-driven shifts in global surface ocean light regimes and phytoplankton community-level photoacclimation, these results provide implications for future ocean redox balance, ecological functioning, and coupled biogeochemical transformations of carbon and metals.
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28
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Wang W, Sheng Y. Pseudomonas sp. strain WJ04 enhances current generation of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 in photomicrobial fuel cells. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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29
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Tight Regulation of Extracellular Superoxide Points to Its Vital Role in the Physiology of the Globally Relevant Roseobacter Clade. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.02668-18. [PMID: 30862752 PMCID: PMC6414704 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02668-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation within animal and plant physiology that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide is not only detrimental but also essential for life. Yet, despite widespread production of extracellular superoxide by healthy bacteria and phytoplankton, this molecule remains associated with stress and death. Here, we quantify extracellular superoxide production by seven ecologically diverse bacteria within the Roseobacter clade and specifically target the link between extracellular superoxide and physiology for two species. We reveal for all species a strong inverse relationship between cell-normalized superoxide production rates and cell number. For exponentially growing cells of Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3 and Roseobacter sp. strain AzwK-3b, we show that superoxide levels are regulated in response to cell density through rapid modulation of gross production and not decay. Over a life cycle of batch cultures, extracellular superoxide levels are tightly regulated through a balance of both production and decay processes allowing for nearly constant levels of superoxide during active growth and minimal levels upon entering stationary phase. Further, removal of superoxide through the addition of exogenous superoxide dismutase during growth leads to significant growth inhibition. Overall, these results point to tight regulation of extracellular superoxide in representative members of the Roseobacter clade, consistent with a role for superoxide in growth regulation as widely acknowledged in fungal, animal, and plant physiology.IMPORTANCE Formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through partial reduction of molecular oxygen is widely associated with stress within microbial and marine systems. Nevertheless, widespread observations of the production of the ROS superoxide by healthy and actively growing marine bacteria and phytoplankton call into question the role of superoxide in the health and physiology of marine microbes. Here, we show that superoxide is produced by several marine bacteria within the widespread and abundant Roseobacter clade. Superoxide levels outside the cell are controlled via a tightly regulated balance of production and decay processes in response to cell density and life stage in batch culture. Removal of extracellular superoxide leads to substantial growth inhibition. These findings point to an essential role for superoxide in the health and growth of this ubiquitous group of microbes, and likely beyond.
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Diaz JM, Plummer S. Production of extracellular reactive oxygen species by phytoplankton: past and future directions. JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH 2018; 40:655-666. [PMID: 30487658 PMCID: PMC6247811 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fby039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic environments, phytoplankton represent a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Many phytoplankton taxa also produce extracellular ROS under optimal growth conditions in culture. However, the physiological purpose of extracellular ROS production by phytoplankton and its wider significance to ecosystem-scale trophic interactions and biogeochemistry remain unclear. Here, we review the rates, taxonomic diversity, subcellular mechanisms and functions of extracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production by phytoplankton with a view towards future research directions. Model eukaryotic phytoplankton and cyanobacteria produce extracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide at cell-normalized rates that span several orders of magnitude, both within and between taxa. The potential ecophysiological roles of extracellular ROS production are versatile and appear to be shared among diverse phytoplankton species, including ichthyotoxicity, allelopathy, growth promotion, and iron acquisition. Whereas extracellular hydrogen peroxide likely arises from a combination of intracellular and cell surface production mechanisms, extracellular superoxide is predominantly generated by specialized systems for transplasma membrane electron transport. Future insights into the molecular-level basis of extracellular ROS production, combined with existing high-sensitivity geochemical techniques for the direct quantification of ROS dynamics, will help unveil the ecophysiological and biogeochemical significance of phytoplankton-derived ROS in natural aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Diaz
- Department of Marine Sciences, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, University of Georgia, Savannah, GA, USA
- corresponding author:
| | - Sydney Plummer
- Department of Marine Sciences, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, University of Georgia, Savannah, GA, USA
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31
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Zinser ER. The microbial contribution to reactive oxygen species dynamics in marine ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 10:412-427. [PMID: 29411545 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This review surveys the current state of knowledge of the concentrations, sources and sinks of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ocean. Both abiotic and biotic factors contribute to ROS dynamics in seawater, and ROS can feature prominently in marine microbe-microbe interactions. The sun plays a key role in the production of ROS in the ocean, and consequently ROS concentrations are typically maximal in the sun-exposed surface. However, microbes can also contribute significantly to extracellular ROS. Production of superoxide is widespread within the microbial community, and may benefit the producers as antimicrobial agents or perhaps more generally, as a means of nutrient scavenging. Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is a community-wide activity, though some members may play less significant roles in this process. The more reactive forms of ROS, singlet oxygen and the hydroxyl radical, may be less important as microbial stressors, as they tend to react with the chemicals in seawater before they can contact the cells. However, exceptions may exist for microbes attached to singlet oxygen-generating sinking particulate matter. Extracellular ROS thus plays an important role in the ecology of marine microbes, the full extent to which we are only beginning to appreciate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Zinser
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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32
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Zinser ER. Cross-protection from hydrogen peroxide by helper microbes: the impacts on the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus and other beneficiaries in marine communities. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 10:399-411. [PMID: 29411546 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) is a reactive oxygen species, derived from molecular oxygen, that is capable of damaging microbial cells. Surprisingly, the HOOH defence systems of some aerobes in the oxygenated marine environments are critically depleted, relative to model aerobes. For instance, the gene encoding catalase is absent in the numerically dominant photosynthetic cyanobacterium, Prochlorococcus. Accordingly, Prochlorococcus is highly susceptible to HOOH when exposed as pure cultures. Pure cultures do not exist in the marine environment, however. Catalase-positive community members can remove HOOH from the seawater medium, thus lowering the threat to Prochlorococcus and any other member that likewise lacks their own catalase. This cross-protection may constitute a loosely defined symbiosis, whereby the catalase-positive helper cells may benefit through the acquisition of nutrients released by the beneficiaries such as Prochlorococcus. Other members of the community that may be helped by the catalase-positive cells may include some lineages of Synechococcus - the sister genus of Prochlorococcus - as well as some lineages of SAR11 and ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria. The co-occurrence of catalase-positive and -negative members suggests that cross-protection from HOOH-mediated oxidative stress may play an important role in the construction of the marine microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Zinser
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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33
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Wang W, Chen D, Zhang X, Liu D, Cheng Y, Shen F. Role of plant respiratory burst oxidase homologs in stress responses. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:826-839. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1473572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaopei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yingying Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fafu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, PR China
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34
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Muhammad I, Jing XQ, Shalmani A, Ali M, Yi S, Gan PF, Li WQ, Liu WT, Chen KM. Comparative in Silico Analysis of Ferric Reduction Oxidase (FRO) Genes Expression Patterns in Response to Abiotic Stresses, Metal and Hormone Applications. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051163. [PMID: 29757203 PMCID: PMC6099960 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ferric reduction oxidase (FRO) gene family is involved in various biological processes widely found in plants and may play an essential role in metal homeostasis, tolerance and intricate signaling networks in response to a number of abiotic stresses. Our study describes the identification, characterization and evolutionary relationships of FRO genes families. Here, total 50 FRO genes in Plantae and 15 ‘FRO like’ genes in non-Plantae were retrieved from 16 different species. The entire FRO genes have been divided into seven clades according to close similarity in biological and functional behavior. Three conserved domains were common in FRO genes while in two FROs sub genome have an extra NADPH-Ox domain, separating the function of plant FROs. OsFRO1 and OsFRO7 genes were expressed constitutively in rice plant. Real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression of OsFRO1 was high in flag leaf, and OsFRO7 gene expression was maximum in leaf blade and flag leaf. Both genes showed vigorous expressions level in response to different abiotic and hormones treatments. Moreover, the expression of both genes was also substantial under heavy metal stresses. OsFRO1 gene expression was triggered following 6 h under Zn, Pb, Co and Ni treatments, whereas OsFRO7 gene expression under Fe, Pb and Ni after 12 h, Zn and Cr after 6 h, and Mn and Co after 3 h treatments. These findings suggest the possible involvement of both the genes under abiotic and metal stress and the regulation of phytohormones. Therefore, our current work may provide the foundation for further functional characterization of rice FRO genes family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xiu-Qing Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Abdullah Shalmani
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Muhammad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Shi Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Liang D. A Salutary Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Intercellular Tunnel-Mediated Communication. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:2. [PMID: 29503816 PMCID: PMC5821100 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species, generally labeled toxic due to high reactivity without target specificity, are gradually uncovered as signaling molecules involved in a myriad of biological processes. But one important feature of ROS roles in macromolecule movement has not caught attention until recent studies with technique advance and design elegance have shed lights on ROS signaling for intercellular and interorganelle communication. This review begins with the discussions of genetic and chemical studies on the regulation of symplastic dye movement through intercellular tunnels in plants (plasmodesmata), and focuses on the ROS regulatory mechanisms concerning macromolecule movement including small RNA-mediated gene silencing movement and protein shuttling between cells. Given the premise that intercellular tunnels (bridges) in mammalian cells are the key physical structures to sustain intercellular communication, movement of macromolecules and signals is efficiently facilitated by ROS-induced membrane protrusions formation, which is analogously applied to the interorganelle communication in plant cells. Although ROS regulatory differences between plant and mammalian cells exist, the basis for ROS-triggered conduit formation underlies a unifying conservative theme in multicellular organisms. These mechanisms may represent the evolutionary advances that have enabled multicellularity to gain the ability to generate and utilize ROS to govern material exchanges between individual cells in oxygenated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacheng Liang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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36
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Kaur G, Guruprasad K, Temple BRS, Shirvanyants DG, Dokholyan NV, Pati PK. Structural complexity and functional diversity of plant NADPH oxidases. Amino Acids 2018; 50:79-94. [PMID: 29071531 PMCID: PMC6492275 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant NADPH oxidases also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (Rbohs) are a family of membrane-bound enzymes that play diverse roles in the defense response and morphogenetic processes via regulated generation of reactive oxygen species. Rbohs are associated with a variety of functions, although the reason for this is not clear. To evaluate using bioinformatics, the possible mechanisms for the observed functional diversity within the plant kingdom, 127 Rboh protein sequences representing 26 plant species were analyzed. Multiple clusters were identified with gene duplications that were both dicot as well as monocot-specific. The N-terminal sequences were observed to be highly variable. The conserved cysteine (equivalent of Cys890) in C-terminal of AtRbohD suggested that the redox-based modification like S-nitrosylation may regulate the activity of other Rbohs. Three-dimensional models corresponding to the N-terminal domain for Rbohs from Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa were constructed and molecular dynamics studies were carried out to study the role of Ca2+ in the folding of Rboh proteins. Certain mutations indicated possibly affect the structure and function of the plant NADPH oxidases, thereby providing the rationale for further experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- Bioinformatics, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kunchur Guruprasad
- Bioinformatics, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, India
| | - Brenda R S Temple
- R. L. Juliano Structural Bioinformatics Core Facility, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David G Shirvanyants
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
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37
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Shi K, Gao Z, Shi TQ, Song P, Ren LJ, Huang H, Ji XJ. Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Cellular Stress Response and Lipid Accumulation in Oleaginous Microorganisms: The State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:793. [PMID: 28507542 PMCID: PMC5410592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial oils, which are mainly extracted from yeasts, molds, and algae, have been of considerable interest as food additives and biofuel resources due to their high lipid content. While these oleaginous microorganisms generally produce only small amounts of lipids under optimal growth conditions, their lipid accumulation machinery can be induced by environmental stresses, such as nutrient limitation and an inhospitable physical environmental. As common second messengers of many stress factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) may act as a regulator of cellular responses to extracellular environmental signaling. Furthermore, increasing evidence indicates that ROS may act as a mediator of lipid accumulation, which is associated with dramatic changes in the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. However, the specific mechanisms of ROS involvement in the crosstalk between extracellular stress signaling and intracellular lipid synthesis require further investigation. Here, we summarize current knowledge on stress-induced lipid biosynthesis and the putative role of ROS in the control of lipid accumulation in oleaginous microorganisms. Understanding such links may provide guidance for the development of stress-based strategies to enhance microbial lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Shi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Lu-Jing Ren
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing, China
| | - He Huang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing, China
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Chang YL, Li WY, Miao H, Yang SQ, Li R, Wang X, Li WQ, Chen KM. Comprehensive Genomic Analysis and Expression Profiling of the NOX Gene Families under Abiotic Stresses and Hormones in Plants. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:791-810. [PMID: 26907500 PMCID: PMC4824067 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane NADPH oxidases (NOXs) are key producers of reactive oxygen species under both normal and stress conditions in plants and they form functional subfamilies. Studies of these subfamilies indicated that they show considerable evolutionary selection. We performed a comparative genomic analysis that identified 50 ferric reduction oxidases (FRO) and 77 NOX gene homologs from 20 species representing the eight major plant lineages within the supergroup Plantae: glaucophytes, rhodophytes, chlorophytes, bryophytes, lycophytes, gymnosperms, monocots, and eudicots. Phylogenetic and structural analysis classified these FRO and NOX genes into four well-conserved groups represented as NOX, FRO I, FRO II, and FRO III. Further analysis of NOXs of phylogenetic and exon/intron structures showed that single intron loss and gain had occurred, yielding the diversified gene structures during the evolution of NOXs family genes and which were classified into four conserved subfamilies which are represented as Sub.I, Sub.II, Sub.III, and Sub.IV. Additionally, both available global microarray data analysis and quantitative real-time PCR experiments revealed that the NOX genes in Arabidopsis and rice (Oryza sativa) have different expression patterns in different developmental stages, various abiotic stresses and hormone treatments. Finally, coexpression network analysis of NOX genes in Arabidopsis and rice revealed that NOXs have significantly correlated expression profiles with genes which are involved in plants metabolic and resistance progresses. All these results suggest that NOX family underscores the functional diversity and divergence in plants. This finding will facilitate further studies of the NOX family and provide valuable information for functional validation of this family in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Yan Li
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Argo-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Hai Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Shuai-Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Ri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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Anderson A, Laohavisit A, Blaby IK, Bombelli P, Howe CJ, Merchant SS, Davies JM, Smith AG. Exploiting algal NADPH oxidase for biophotovoltaic energy. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:22-8. [PMID: 25641364 PMCID: PMC5016757 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic microbes exhibit light-dependent electron export across the cell membrane, which can generate electricity in biological photovoltaic (BPV) devices. How electrons are exported remains to be determined; the identification of mechanisms would help selection or generation of photosynthetic microbes capable of enhanced electrical output. We show that plasma membrane NADPH oxidase activity is a significant component of light-dependent generation of electricity by the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. NADPH oxidases export electrons across the plasma membrane to form superoxide anion from oxygen. The C. reinhardtii mutant lacking the NADPH oxidase encoded by RBO1 is impaired in both extracellular superoxide anion production and current generation in a BPV device. Complementation with the wild-type gene restores both capacities, demonstrating the role of the enzyme in electron export. Monitoring light-dependent extracellular superoxide production with a colorimetric assay is shown to be an effective way of screening for electrogenic potential of candidate algal strains. The results show that algal NADPH oxidases are important for superoxide anion production and open avenues for optimizing the biological component of these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian K Blaby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paolo Bombelli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Julia M Davies
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison G Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Laohavisit A, Anderson A, Bombelli P, Jacobs M, Howe CJ, Davies JM, Smith AG. Enhancing plasma membrane NADPH oxidase activity increases current output by diatoms in biophotovoltaic devices. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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McDowell RE, Amsler MO, Li Q, Lancaster JR, Amsler CD. The immediate wound-induced oxidative burst of Saccharina latissima depends on light via photosynthetic electron transport. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2015; 51:431-441. [PMID: 26986660 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by an oxidative burst are an important component of the wound response in algae, vascular plants, and animals. In all taxa, ROS production is usually attributed solely to a defense-related enzyme like NADPH-oxidase (Nox). However, here we show that the initial, wound-induced oxidative burst of the kelp Saccharina latissima depends on light and photosynthetic electron transport. We measured oxygen evolution and ROS production at different light levels and in the presence of a photosynthetic inhibitor, and we used spin trapping and electron paramagnetic resonance as an orthogonal method. Using an in vivo chemical probe, we provide data suggesting that wound-induced ROS production in two distantly related and geographically isolated species of Antarctic macroalgae may be light dependent as well. We propose that electron transport chains are an important and as yet unaddressed component of the wound response, not just for photosynthetic organisms, but for animals via mitochondria as well. This component may have been obscured by the historic use of diphenylene iodonium, which inhibits not only Noxes but also photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport as well. Finally, we anticipate physiological and/or ecological consequences of the light dependence of macroalgal wound-induced ROS since pathogens and grazers do not disappear in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E McDowell
- Department of Biology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Margaret O Amsler
- Department of Biology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Jack R Lancaster
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Surgery, and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Charles D Amsler
- Department of Biology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
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Libik-Konieczny M, Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno M, Desel C, Michalec-Warzecha Ż, Miszalski Z, Konieczny R. The localization of NADPH oxidase and reactive oxygen species in in vitro-cultured Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. hypocotyls discloses their differing roles in rhizogenesis. PROTOPLASMA 2015; 252:477-87. [PMID: 25172434 PMCID: PMC4335093 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrated how reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the regulation of rhizogenesis from hypocotyls of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. cultured on a medium containing 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The increase of NADPH oxidase activity was correlated with an increase of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and induction of mitotic activity in vascular cylinder cells, leading to root formation from cultured hypocotyls. Diphenylene iodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, inhibited H2O2 production and blocked rhizogenesis. Ultrastructural studies revealed differences in H2O2 localization between the vascular cylinder cells and cortex parenchyma cells of cultured explants. We suggest that NADPH oxidase is responsible for H2O2 level regulation in vascular cylinder cells, while peroxidase (POD) participates in H2O2 level regulation in cortex cells. Blue formazan (NBT) precipitates indicating superoxide radical (O2 (•-)) accumulation were localized within the vascular cylinder cells during the early stages of rhizogenesis and at the tip of root primordia, as well as in the distal and middle parts of newly formed organs. 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining of H2O2 was more intense in vascular bundle cells and in cortex cells. In newly formed roots, H2O2 was localized in vascular tissue. Adding DPI to the medium led to a decrease in the intensity of NBT and DAB staining in cultured explants. Accumulation of O2 (•-) was then limited to epidermis cells, while H2O2 was accumulated only in vascular tissue. These results indicate that O2 (•-) is engaged in processes of rhizogenesis induction involving division of competent cells, while H2O2 is engaged in developmental processes mainly involving cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Libik-Konieczny
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21 St., 30-239, Kraków, Poland,
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Cock JM, Collén J. Independent Emergence of Complex Multicellularity in the Brown and Red Algae. EVOLUTIONARY TRANSITIONS TO MULTICELLULAR LIFE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9642-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) occurs rapidly in response to attempted pathogen invasion of potential host plants. Such reduction-oxidation (redox) changes are sensed and transmitted to engage immune function, including the hypersensitive response, a programmed execution of challenged plant cells. RECENT ADVANCES Pathogen elicitors trigger changes in calcium that are sensed by calmodulin, calmodulin-like proteins, and calcium-dependent protein kinases, which activate ROS and RNS production. The ROS and RNS production is compartmentalized within the cell and occurs through multiple routes. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are engaged upstream and downstream of ROS and nitric oxide (NO) production. NO is increasingly recognized as a key signaling molecule, regulating downstream protein function through S-nitrosylation, the addition of an NO moiety to a reactive cysteine thiol. CRITICAL ISSUES How multiple sources of ROS and RNS are coordinated is unclear. The putative protein sensors that detect and translate fluxes in ROS and RNS into differential gene expression are obscure. Protein tyrosine nitration following reaction of peroxynitrite with tyrosine residues has been proposed as another signaling mechanism or as a marker leading to protein degradation, but the reversibility remains to be established. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Research is needed to identify the full spectrum of NO-modified proteins with special emphasis on redox-activated transcription factors and their cognate target genes. A systems approach will be required to uncover the complexities integral to redox regulation of MAPK cascades, transcription factors, and defense genes through the combined effects of calcium, phosphorylation, S-nitrosylation, and protein tyrosine nitration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra E Frederickson Matika
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Different responses to heat shock stress revealed heteromorphic adaptation strategy of Pyropia haitanensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta). PLoS One 2014; 9:e94354. [PMID: 24709783 PMCID: PMC3978056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyropia has a unique heteromorphic life cycle with alternation stages between thallus and conchocelis, which lives at different water temperatures in different seasons. To better understand the different adaptation strategies for temperature stress, we tried to observe comparative biochemical changes of Pyropia haitanensis based on a short term heat shock model. The results showed that: (1) At normal temperature, free-living conchocelis contains significantly higher levels of H2O2, fatty acid-derived volatiles, the copy number of Phrboh and Phhsp70 genes,the activities of NADPH oxidase and floridoside than those in thallus. The released H2O2 and NADPH oxidase activity of conchocelis were more than 7 times higher than those of thallus. The copy number of Phrboh in conchocelis was 32 times that in thallus. (2) After experiencing heat shock at 35°C for 30 min, the H2O2 contents, the mRNA levels of Phrboh and Phhsp70, NADPH oxidase activity and the floridoside content in thallus were all significantly increased. The mRNA levels of Phrboh increased 5.78 times in 5 min, NADPH oxidase activity increased 8.45 times in 20 min. (3) Whereas, in conchocelis, the changes in fatty acids and their down-stream volatiles predominated, significantly increasing levels of saturated fatty acids and decreasing levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids occurred, and the 8-carbon volatiles were accumulated. However, the changes in H2O2 content and expression of oxidant-related genes and enzymatic activity were not obvious. Overall, these results indicate that conchocelis maintains a high level of active protective apparatus to endure its survival at high temperature, while thallus exhibit typical stress responses to heat shock. It is concluded that Pyropia haitanensis has evolved a delicate strategy for temperature adaptation for its heteromorphic life cycle.
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Castellani P, Balza E, Rubartelli A. Inflammation, DAMPs, tumor development, and progression: a vicious circle orchestrated by redox signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1086-97. [PMID: 23373831 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Increasing evidence indicates that cancer development and progression are promoted by the joint action of redox distress and inflammation, supporting the potential impact of therapies aimed at restoring the redox homeostasis and fighting inflammation. RECENT ADVANCES Most of the literature of the last 40 years converges to the view that continuous oxidative stress and chronic inflammation sustain each other, leads to transformation of a normal cell to a neoplastic cell, and promotes tumor progression. Some recent findings, however, support an alternative model whereby the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an attempt to defend more than a pathogenetic factor in cancer. Rather, tumor development and progression may be promoted by an excess of antioxidants, induced in both transformed cells and recruited inflammatory cells as an adaptive response to ROS. CRITICAL ISSUES Although the link among redox stress, chronic inflammation, and cancer is widely recognized, the underlying mechanisms are far to be understood. The redox unbalance of the microenvironment is likely to modulate the bioactivity of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules such as HMGB1, which are released by stressed tissues and play pleiotropic functions on tumor and inflammatory cells, but how this occur, and the relevant consequences, are still unclear. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In vivo measurement of cell redox status is an important challenge for future investigations. The improvement of the methodologies for ROS and antioxidant detection will allow a better understanding of the redox-related events in the tumor microenvironment with tremendous application potential in the development of rational combination therapies for cancer treatment.
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Kaur G, Sharma A, Guruprasad K, Pati PK. Versatile roles of plant NADPH oxidases and emerging concepts. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:551-63. [PMID: 24561450 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase (NOX) is a key player in the network of reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing enzymes. It catalyzes the production of superoxide (O2(-)), that in turn regulates a wide range of biological functions in a broad range of organisms. Plant Noxes are known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (Rbohs) and are homologs of catalytic subunit of mammalian phagocyte gp91(phox). They are unique among other ROS producing mechanisms in plants as they integrate different signal transduction pathways in plants. In recent years, there has been addition of knowledge on various aspects related to its structure, regulatory components and associated mechanisms, and its plethora of biological functions. This update highlights some of the recent developments in the field with particular reference to important members of the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Kunchur Guruprasad
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
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Kowalczyk N, Rousvoal S, Hervé C, Boyen C, Collén J. RT-qPCR normalization genes in the red alga Chondrus crispus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86574. [PMID: 24498277 PMCID: PMC3912222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrus crispus is a common red macroalga living on the rocky shores of the North Atlantic Ocean. It has a long research history, being a major source of carrageenan, a thickener widely used in the food industry, but also for physiological and ecological studies. To establish it as a model for red algae, its genome has been sequenced, allowing the development of molecular tools such as quantification of gene expression, including RNAseq and RT-qPCR. To determine appropriate genes for RT-qPCR normalization, the expression of 14 genes was monitored in 18 conditions using two sets of algal samples: samples from the sequenced strain, cultured and stressed in laboratory conditions and C. crispus collected on the shore and stressed in situ. The expression stability of the genes between the samples was evaluated by comparing the Ct range and using the programs geNorm and NormFinder. The candidate genes encoded translation related proteins (initiation factors IF4A-1 and IF4A-2, elongation factor EF1α and eRF3, an eukaryotic polypeptide chain release factor), cytoskeleton proteins (two β-tubulins, α-tubulin and actin), enzymes involved in the pentose phosphate pathway (glucose 6-phosphate deshydrogenase), protein recycling process (ubiquitin and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme) and glycolysis (isocitrate dehydrogenase). The two sets of samples showed different expression patterns. Most of the genes were stable in the algae cultivated in the laboratory, whereas environmental samples showed a more important variation in gene expression. When analyzing the two sets separately, the ranking of the most stables genes were different from one method to another. When considering all samples, the two statistical methods were concordant, revealing translation initiation factor 4A-2 and eukaryotic polypeptide chain release factor 3 as pertinent normalization genes. This study highlights thus the importance of testing reference genes according to the experiments as well as the genetic and physiological background of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Kowalczyk
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7139 Végétaux marins et biomolécules, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Brittany, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie - UPMC Paris 6, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Brittany, France
| | - Sylvie Rousvoal
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7139 Végétaux marins et biomolécules, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Brittany, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie - UPMC Paris 6, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Brittany, France
| | - Cécile Hervé
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7139 Végétaux marins et biomolécules, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Brittany, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie - UPMC Paris 6, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Brittany, France
| | - Catherine Boyen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7139 Végétaux marins et biomolécules, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Brittany, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie - UPMC Paris 6, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Brittany, France
| | - Jonas Collén
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7139 Végétaux marins et biomolécules, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Brittany, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie - UPMC Paris 6, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Brittany, France
- * E-mail:
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Cheng C, Xu X, Gao M, Li J, Guo C, Song J, Wang X. Genome-wide analysis of respiratory burst oxidase homologs in grape (Vitis vinifera L.). Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:24169-86. [PMID: 24351809 PMCID: PMC3876103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141224169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant respiratory burst oxidase homolog (rboh) genes appear to play crucial roles in plant development, defense reactions and hormone signaling. In this study, a total of seven rboh genes from grape were identified and characterized. Genomic structure and predicted protein sequence analysis indicated that the sequences of plant rboh genes are highly conserved. Synteny analysis demonstrated that several Vvrboh genes were found in corresponding syntenic blocks of Arabidopsis, suggesting that these genes arose before the divergence of the respective lineages. The expression pattern of Vvrboh genes in different tissues was assessed by qRT-PCR and two were constitutively expressed in all tissues tested. The expression profiles were similarly analyzed following exposure to various stresses and hormone treatments. It was shown that the expression levels of VvrbohA, VvrbohB and VvrbohC1 were significantly increased by salt and drought treatments. VvrbohB, VvrbohC2, and VvrbohD exhibited a dramatic up-regulation after powdery mildew (Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr.) inoculation, while VvrbohH was down-regulated. Finally, salicylic acid treatment strongly stimulated the expression of VvrbohD and VvrbohH, while abscisic acid treatment induced the expression of VvrbohB and VvrbohH. These results demonstrate that the expression patterns of grape rboh genes exhibit diverse and complex stress-response expression signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; E-Mails: (C.C.); (X.X.); (M.G.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaozhao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; E-Mails: (C.C.); (X.X.); (M.G.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; E-Mails: (C.C.); (X.X.); (M.G.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; E-Mails: (C.C.); (X.X.); (M.G.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chunlei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; E-Mails: (C.C.); (X.X.); (M.G.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Junyang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; E-Mails: (C.C.); (X.X.); (M.G.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; E-Mails: (C.C.); (X.X.); (M.G.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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50
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Zhang X, Krause KH, Xenarios I, Soldati T, Boeckmann B. Evolution of the ferric reductase domain (FRD) superfamily: modularity, functional diversification, and signature motifs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58126. [PMID: 23505460 PMCID: PMC3591440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A heme-containing transmembrane ferric reductase domain (FRD) is found in bacterial and eukaryotic protein families, including ferric reductases (FRE), and NADPH oxidases (NOX). The aim of this study was to understand the phylogeny of the FRD superfamily. Bacteria contain FRD proteins consisting only of the ferric reductase domain, such as YedZ and short bFRE proteins. Full length FRE and NOX enzymes are mostly found in eukaryotic cells and all possess a dehydrogenase domain, allowing them to catalyze electron transfer from cytosolic NADPH to extracellular metal ions (FRE) or oxygen (NOX). Metazoa possess YedZ-related STEAP proteins, possibly derived from bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. Phylogenetic analyses suggests that FRE enzymes appeared early in evolution, followed by a transition towards EF-hand containing NOX enzymes (NOX5- and DUOX-like). An ancestral gene of the NOX(1-4) family probably lost the EF-hands and new regulatory mechanisms of increasing complexity evolved in this clade. Two signature motifs were identified: NOX enzymes are distinguished from FRE enzymes through a four amino acid motif spanning from transmembrane domain 3 (TM3) to TM4, and YedZ/STEAP proteins are identified by the replacement of the first canonical heme-spanning histidine by a highly conserved arginine. The FRD superfamily most likely originated in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Science II, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Central Medical University, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Xenarios
- SwissProt, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
- Vital-IT, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Genomics (CIG), Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Soldati
- Department of Biochemistry, Science II, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Boeckmann
- SwissProt, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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