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Chagaleti BK, Baby K, Peña-Corona SI, Leyva-Gómez G, S M S, Naveen NR, Jose J, Aldahish AA, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D. Anti-cancer properties of Sansalvamide A, its derivatives, and analogs: an updated review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03129-0. [PMID: 38739152 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
As peptide-based therapies gain recognition for their potential anti-cancer activity, cyclic peptides like Sansalvamide A, a marine-derived cyclic depsipeptide, have emerged as a potential anti-cancer agent due to their potent activity against various cancer types in preclinical studies. This review offers a comprehensive overview of Sansalvamide A, including its sources, structure-activity relationship, and semi-synthetic derivatives. The review also aims to outline the mechanisms through which Sansalvamide A and its analogs exert their anti-proliferative effects and to discuss the need for enhancements in pharmacokinetic profiles for better clinical utility. An extensive literature search was conducted, focusing on studies that detailed the anti-cancer activity of Sansalvamide A, its pharmacokinetics, and mechanistic pathways. Data from both in vitro and in vivo studies were collated and analyzed. Sansalvamide A and its analogs demonstrated significant anti-cancer activity across various cancer models, mediated through Hsp 90 inhibition, Topoisomerase inhibition, and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. However, their pharmacokinetic properties were identified as a significant limitation, requiring improvement for effective clinical translation. Despite its notable anti-cancer effects, the utility of Sansalvamide A is currently limited by its pharmacokinetic characteristics. Therefore, while Sansalvamide A exhibits promise as an anti-cancer agent, there is a compelling need for further clinical and toxicological studies and optimization of its pharmacokinetic profile to fully exploit its therapeutic potential alongside modern cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Kumar Chagaleti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Akshaya Institute of Pharmacy, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishnaprasad Baby
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sheila I Peña-Corona
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sindhoor S M
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - N Raghavendra Naveen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagar, Bellur, Karnataka, India
| | - Jobin Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka, 575018, India.
| | - Afaf Ahmed Aldahish
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 61441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
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Lin C, Feng XL, Liu Y, Li ZC, Li XZ, Qi J. Bioinformatic Analysis of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthetic Potential in Pathogenic Fusarium. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:850. [PMID: 37623621 PMCID: PMC10455296 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium species are among the filamentous fungi with the most pronounced impact on agricultural production and human health. The mycotoxins produced by pathogenic Fusarium not only attack various plants including crops, causing various plant diseases that lead to reduced yields and even death, but also penetrate into the food chain of humans and animals to cause food poisoning and consequent health hazards. Although sporadic studies have revealed some of the biosynthetic pathways of Fusarium toxins, they are insufficient to satisfy the need for a comprehensive understanding of Fusarium toxin production. In this study, we focused on 35 serious pathogenic Fusarium species with available genomes and systematically analyzed the ubiquity of the distribution of identified Fusarium- and non-Fusarium-derived fungal toxin biosynthesis gene clusters (BGCs) in these species through the mining of core genes and the comparative analysis of corresponding BGCs. Additionally, novel sesterterpene synthases and PKS_NRPS clusters were discovered and analyzed. This work is the first to systematically analyze the distribution of related mycotoxin biosynthesis in pathogenic Fusarium species. These findings enhance the knowledge of mycotoxin production and provide a theoretical grounding for the prevention of fungal toxin production using biotechnological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xi-long Feng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhao-chen Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiu-Zhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jianzhao Qi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
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Pokhrel A, Coleman JJ. Inventory of the Secondary Metabolite Biosynthetic Potential of Members within the Terminal Clade of the Fusarium solani Species Complex. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:799. [PMID: 37623570 PMCID: PMC10455376 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) constitutes at least 77 phylogenetically distinct species including several agriculturally important and clinically relevant opportunistic pathogens. As with other Fusaria, they have been well documented to produce many secondary metabolites-compounds that are not required for the fungus to grow or develop but may be beneficial to the organism. An analysis of ten genomes from fungi within the terminal clade (clade 3) of the FSSC revealed each genome encoded 35 (F. cucurbitcola) to 48 (F. tenucristatum) secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). A total of seventy-four different BGCs were identified from the ten FSSC genomes including seven polyketide synthases (PKS), thirteen nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), two terpene synthase BGCs, and a single dimethylallytryptophan synthase (DMATS) BGC conserved in all the genomes. Some of the clusters that were shared included those responsible for producing naphthoquinones such as fusarubins, a red pigmented compound, squalestatin, and the siderophores malonichrome, ferricrocin, and triacetylfusarinine. Eight novel NRPS and five novel PKS BGCs were identified, while BGCs predicted to produce radicicol, gibberellin, and fusaoctaxin were identified, which have not previously described in members of the FSSC. The diversity of the secondary metabolite repertoire of the FSSC may contribute to the expansive host range of these fungi and their ability to colonize broad habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Pokhrel
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
- The Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Coleman
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
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4
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Depsipeptides Targeting Tumor Cells: Milestones from In Vitro to Clinical Trials. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020670. [PMID: 36677728 PMCID: PMC9864405 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is currently considered one of the most threatening diseases worldwide. Diet could be one of the factors that can be enhanced to comprehensively address a cancer patient's condition. Unfortunately, most molecules capable of targeting cancer cells are found in uncommon food sources. Among them, depsipeptides have emerged as one of the most reliable choices for cancer treatment. These cyclic amino acid oligomers, with one or more subunits replaced by a hydroxylated carboxylic acid resulting in one lactone bond in a core ring, have broadly proven their cancer-targeting efficacy, some even reaching clinical trials and being commercialized as "anticancer" drugs. This review aimed to describe these depsipeptides, their reported amino acid sequences, determined structure, and the specific mechanism by which they target tumor cells including apoptosis, oncosis, and elastase inhibition, among others. Furthermore, we have delved into state-of-the-art in vivo and clinical trials, current methods for purification and synthesis, and the recognized disadvantages of these molecules. The information collated in this review can help researchers decide whether these molecules should be incorporated into functional foods in the near future.
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Cellular decoding for non-natural peptides. Nat Chem 2023; 15:7-8. [PMID: 36609644 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Genome Features and AntiSMASH Analysis of an Endophytic Strain Fusarium sp. R1. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060521. [PMID: 35736454 PMCID: PMC9229708 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are one of the most prolific sources of functional biomolecules with therapeutic potential. Besides playing an important role in serious plant diseases, Fusarium strains possess the powerful capability to produce a diverse array of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs). In order to in-depth mine gene clusters for SM biosynthesis of the genus Fusarium, an endophytic strain Fusarium sp. R1 isolated from Rumex madaio Makino was extensively investigated by whole-genome sequencing and in-depth bioinformatic analysis, as well as antiSMASH annotation. The results displayed that strain R1 harbors a total of 51.8 Mb genome, which consists of 542 contigs with an N50 scaffold length of 3.21 Mb and 50.4% GC content. Meanwhile, 19,333 functional protein-coding genes, 338 tRNA and 111 rRNA were comprehensively predicted and highly annotated using various BLAST databases including non-redundant (Nr) protein sequence, nucleotide (Nt) sequence, Swiss-Prot, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), as well as Pathogen Host Interactions (PHI) and Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZy) databases. Antibiotics and Secondary Metabolites Analysis Shell (AntiSMASH) results showed that strain R1 has 37 SM biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), including 17 nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), 13 polyketide synthetases (PKSs), 3 terpene synthases (Ts), 3 hybrid NRPS + PKS and 1 hybrid indole + NRPS. These findings improve our knowledge of the molecular biology of the genus Fusarium and would promote the discovery of new bioactive SMs from strain R1 using gene mining strategies including gene knockout and heteroexpression.
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Nielsen MR, Kaniki SEK, Sørensen JL. Targeted Genetic Engineering via Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation in Fusarium solani. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2489:93-114. [PMID: 35524047 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2273-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Fusarium solani species complex are filamentous fungi that can act as pathogens to many crops and animals. Although relevant, a robust molecular toolbox is missing for the investigation of gene function and metabolism. In this chapter, we describe how Agrobacterium-mediated transformation can be used to facilitate gene targeting. A flexible vector system, based on in vivo recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is utilized to achieve overexpression and gene deletion of targeted biosynthetic genes in F. solani f. sp. pisi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Rank Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Esbjerg, Esbjerg, Denmark.
| | | | - Jens Laurids Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Esbjerg, Esbjerg, Denmark
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Martínez-Cárdenas A, Cruz-Zamora Y, Fajardo-Hernández CA, Villanueva-Silva R, Cruz-García F, Raja HA, Figueroa M. Genome Mining and Molecular Networking-Based Metabolomics of the Marine Facultative Aspergillus sp. MEXU 27854. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175362. [PMID: 34500798 PMCID: PMC8433890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine-facultative Aspergillus sp. MEXU 27854, isolated from the Caleta Bay in Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico, has provided an interesting diversity of secondary metabolites, including a series of rare dioxomorpholines, peptides, and butyrolactones. Here, we report on the genomic data, which consists of 11 contigs (N50~3.95 Mb) with a ~30.75 Mb total length of assembly. Genome annotation resulted in the prediction of 10,822 putative genes. Functional annotation was accomplished by BLAST searching protein sequences with different public databases. Of the predicted genes, 75% were assigned gene ontology terms. From the 67 BGCs identified, ~60% belong to the NRPS and NRPS-like classes. Putative BGCs for the dioxomorpholines and other metabolites were predicted by extensive genome mining. In addition, metabolomic molecular networking analysis allowed the annotation of all isolated compounds and revealed the biosynthetic potential of this fungus. This work represents the first report of whole-genome sequencing and annotation from a marine-facultative fungal strain isolated from Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahí Martínez-Cárdenas
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-C.); (Y.C.-Z.); (C.A.F.-H.); (R.V.-S.); (F.C.-G.)
| | - Yuridia Cruz-Zamora
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-C.); (Y.C.-Z.); (C.A.F.-H.); (R.V.-S.); (F.C.-G.)
| | - Carlos A. Fajardo-Hernández
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-C.); (Y.C.-Z.); (C.A.F.-H.); (R.V.-S.); (F.C.-G.)
| | - Rodrigo Villanueva-Silva
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-C.); (Y.C.-Z.); (C.A.F.-H.); (R.V.-S.); (F.C.-G.)
| | - Felipe Cruz-García
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-C.); (Y.C.-Z.); (C.A.F.-H.); (R.V.-S.); (F.C.-G.)
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA;
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-C.); (Y.C.-Z.); (C.A.F.-H.); (R.V.-S.); (F.C.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5622-5290
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Primahana G, Risdian C, Mozef T, Wink J, Surup F, Stadler M. Amycolatomycins A and B, Cyclic Hexapeptides Isolated from an Amycolatopsis sp. 195334CR. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:261. [PMID: 33807584 PMCID: PMC8002008 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rare actinobacterium Amycolatopsis sp. strain 195334CR was found to produce previously undescribed cyclic hexapeptides, which we named amycolatomycin A and B (1 and 2). Their planar structures were determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry as well as extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, while the absolute stereochemistry of its amino acids were determined by Marfey's method. Moreover, 1 and 2 differ by the incorporation of l-Ile and l-allo-Ile, respectively, whose FDVA (Nα-(2,4-Dinitro-5-fluorphenyl)-L-valinamide) derivatives were separated on a C4 column. Their hallmark in common is a unique 2,6-dichloro-tryptophan amino acid unit. Amycolatomycin A (1) exhibited weak activity against Bacillus subtilis DSM 10 (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 33.4 µg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Primahana
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (G.P.); (F.S.)
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Kawasan Puspiptek, Serpong, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia;
| | - Chandra Risdian
- Working Group Microbial Strain Collection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (C.R.); (J.W.)
- Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Bandung 40135, Indonesia
| | - Tjandrawati Mozef
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Kawasan Puspiptek, Serpong, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia;
| | - Joachim Wink
- Working Group Microbial Strain Collection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (C.R.); (J.W.)
| | - Frank Surup
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (G.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (G.P.); (F.S.)
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Bacterial-Like Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases Produce Cyclopeptides in the Zygomycetous Fungus Mortierella alpina. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02051-20. [PMID: 33158886 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02051-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are traditionally considered a reservoir of biologically active natural products. However, an active secondary metabolism has long not been attributed to early-diverging fungi such as Mortierella Here, we report on the biosynthesis of two series of cyclic pentapeptides, the malpicyclins and malpibaldins, as products of Mortierella alpina ATCC 32222. The molecular structures of malpicyclins were elucidated by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HR-MS/MS), Marfey's method, and one-dimensional (1D) and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In addition, malpibaldin biosynthesis was confirmed by HR-MS. Genome mining and comparative quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) expression analysis pointed at two pentamodular nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), malpicyclin synthetase MpcA and malpibaldin synthetase MpbA, as candidate biosynthetic enzymes. Heterologous production of the respective adenylation domains and substrate specificity assays proved promiscuous substrate selection and confirmed their respective biosynthetic roles. In stark contrast to known fungal NRPSs, MpbA and MpcA contain bacterial-like dual epimerase/condensation domains allowing the racemization of enzyme-tethered l-amino acids and the subsequent incorporation of d-amino acids into the metabolites. Phylogenetic analyses of both NRPS genes indicated a bacterial origin and a horizontal gene transfer into the fungal genome. We report on the as-yet-unexplored nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis in basal fungi which highlights this paraphylum as a novel and underrated resource of natural products.IMPORTANCE Fungal natural compounds are industrially produced, with application in antibiotic treatment, cancer medications, and crop plant protection. Traditionally, higher fungi have been intensively investigated concerning their metabolic potential, but reidentification of already known compounds is frequently observed. Hence, alternative strategies to acquire novel bioactive molecules are required. We present the genus Mortierella as representative of the early-diverging fungi as an underestimated resource of natural products. Mortierella alpina produces two families of cyclopeptides, designated malpicyclins and malpibaldins, respectively, via two pentamodular nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). These enzymes are much more closely related to bacterial than to other fungal NRPSs, suggesting a bacterial origin of these NRPS genes in Mortierella Both enzymes were biochemically characterized and are involved in as-yet-unknown biosynthetic pathways of natural products in basal fungi. Hence, this report establishes early-diverging fungi as prolific natural compound producers and sheds light on the origin of their biosynthetic capacity.
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Alonzo DA, Schmeing TM. Biosynthesis of depsipeptides, or Depsi: The peptides with varied generations. Protein Sci 2020; 29:2316-2347. [PMID: 33073901 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Depsipeptides are compounds that contain both ester bonds and amide bonds. Important natural product depsipeptides include the piscicide antimycin, the K+ ionophores cereulide and valinomycin, the anticancer agent cryptophycin, and the antimicrobial kutzneride. Furthermore, database searches return hundreds of uncharacterized systems likely to produce novel depsipeptides. These compounds are made by specialized nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). NRPSs are biosynthetic megaenzymes that use a module architecture and multi-step catalytic cycle to assemble monomer substrates into peptides, or in the case of specialized depsipeptide synthetases, depsipeptides. Two NRPS domains, the condensation domain and the thioesterase domain, catalyze ester bond formation, and ester bonds are introduced into depsipeptides in several different ways. The two most common occur during cyclization, in a reaction between a hydroxy-containing side chain and the C-terminal amino acid residue in a peptide intermediate, and during incorporation into the growing peptide chain of an α-hydroxy acyl moiety, recruited either by direct selection of an α-hydroxy acid substrate or by selection of an α-keto acid substrate that is reduced in situ. In this article, we discuss how and when these esters are introduced during depsipeptide synthesis, survey notable depsipeptide synthetases, and review insight into bacterial depsipeptide synthetases recently gained from structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Alonzo
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - T Martin Schmeing
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Li M, Yu R, Bai X, Wang H, Zhang H. Fusarium: a treasure trove of bioactive secondary metabolites. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:1568-1588. [PMID: 32785347 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00038h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering up to December 2019Fusarium, one of the most common fungal genera, has received considerable attention because of its biosynthetic exuberance, the result of many unique gene clusters involved in the production of secondary metabolites. This review provides the first comprehensive analysis of the secondary metabolites unique to the genus Fusarium, describing their occurrence, bioactivity, and genome features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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13
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Nielsen MR, Holzwarth AKR, Brew E, Chrapkova N, Kaniki SEK, Kastaniegaard K, Sørensen T, Westphal KR, Wimmer R, Sondergaard TE, Sørensen JL. A new vector system for targeted integration and overexpression of genes in the crop pathogen Fusarium solani. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2019; 6:25. [PMID: 31890232 PMCID: PMC6905090 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-019-0089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Besides their ability to produce several interesting bioactive secondary metabolites, members of the Fusarium solani species complex comprise important pathogens of plants and humans. One of the major obstacles in understanding the biology of this species complex is the lack of efficient molecular tools for genetic manipulation. Results To remove this obstacle we here report the development of a reliable system where the vectors are generated through yeast recombinational cloning and inserted into a specific site in F. solani through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. As proof-of-concept, the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eYFP) was inserted in a non-coding genomic position of F. solani and subsequent analyses showed that the resulting transformants were fluorescent on all tested media. In addition, we cloned and overexpressed the Zn(II)2Cys6 transcriptional factor fsr6 controlling mycelial pigmentation. A transformant displayed deep red/purple pigmentation stemming from bostrycoidin and javanicin. Conclusion By creating streamlined plasmid construction and fungal transformation systems, we are now able to express genes in the crop pathogen F. solani in a reliable and fast manner. As a case study, we targeted and activated the fusarubin (PKS3: fsr) gene cluster, which is the first case study of secondary metabolites being directly associated with the responsible gene cluster in F. solani via targeted activation. The system provides an approach that in the future can be used by the community to understand the biochemistry and genetics of the Fusarium solani species complex, and is obtainable from Addgene catalog #133094. Graphic abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Rank Nielsen
- 1Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | | | - Emmett Brew
- 1Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Natalia Chrapkova
- 1Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | | | - Kenneth Kastaniegaard
- 2Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Trine Sørensen
- 2Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Klaus Ringsborg Westphal
- 2Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- 2Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Teis Esben Sondergaard
- 2Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Jens Laurids Sørensen
- 1Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
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Heterologous expression of intact biosynthetic gene clusters in Fusarium graminearum. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 132:103248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Yoshida M. Combinatorial Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Destruxins. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:1023-1029. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Expression of Fusarium pseudograminearum FpNPS9 in wheat plant and its function in pathogenicity. Curr Genet 2019; 66:229-243. [PMID: 31312935 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-01017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium pseudograminearum-induced crown rot causes significant reduction to wheat production worldwide. To date, efforts to develop effective resistance to this disease have been hampered by the quantitative nature of resistance trait and a lack of understanding of the molecular pathogenesis. Non-ribosomal peptides have important roles in development, pathogenicity, and toxins in many plant pathogens, while less is known in F. pseudograminearum. In this work, we studied the expression and function of a nonribosomal peptide gene FpNPS9 in F. pseudograminearum. We determined the expression of FpNPS9 which was significantly up regulated during the infection of wheat. A deletion mutant Δfpnps9 produced in this study displayed a normal growth and conidiation phenotype, however, hyphae polar growth was obviously affected. Deoxynivalenol production in this mutant was significantly reduced and the infection of wheat coleoptiles and wheat spikelet was attenuated. The Δfpnps9 showed serious defects on the extension of infectious hyphae in plant and inhibition of roots elongation compared with the wild type. The complementation assay using a FpNPS9-GFP fusion construct fully restored the defects of the mutant. GFP signal was detected in the germinating conidia and infectious hyphae in coleoptiles of the infected plants. Interestingly, the signal was not observed when it was grown on culture medium, suggesting that the expression of FpNPS9 was regulated by an unknown host factor. This observation was supported by the result of qRT-PCR. In summary, we provided new knowledge on FpNPS9 expression in F. pseudograminearum and its function in F. pseudograminearum pathogenicity in wheat.
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17
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Nielsen MR, Sondergaard TE, Giese H, Sørensen JL. Advances in linking polyketides and non-ribosomal peptides to their biosynthetic gene clusters in Fusarium. Curr Genet 2019; 65:1263-1280. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-00998-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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The transcription factor FgCrz1A is essential for fungal development, virulence, deoxynivalenol biosynthesis and stress responses in Fusarium graminearum. Curr Genet 2018; 65:153-166. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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19
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Wang X, Zhang J, Wu H, Li Y, Conti PS, Chen K. PET imaging of Hsp90 expression in pancreatic cancer using a new 64Cu-labeled dimeric Sansalvamide A decapeptide. Amino Acids 2018; 50:897-907. [PMID: 29691700 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) plays a vital role in the progress of malignant disease and elevated Hsp90 expression has been reported in pancreatic cancer. In this study, we radiolabeled a dimeric Sansalvamide A derivative (Di-San A1) with 64Cu, and evaluated the feasibility of using 64Cu-Di-San A1 for PET imaging of Hsp90 expression in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. A macrocyclic chelator NOTA (1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-trisacetic acid) was conjugated to Di-San A1. 64Cu-Di-San A1 was successfully prepared in a radiochemical yield > 97% with a radiochemical purity > 98%. 64Cu-Di-San A1 is stable in PBS and mouse serum with > 92% of parent probe intact after 4 h incubation. The cell binding and uptake revealed that 64Cu-Di-San A1 binds to Hsp90-positive PL45 pancreatic cancer cells, and the binding can be effectively blocked by an Hsp90 inhibitor (17AAG). For microPET study, 64Cu-Di-San A1 shows good in vivo performance in terms of tumor uptake in nude mice bearing PL45 tumors. The Hsp90-specific tumor activity accumulation of 64Cu-Di-San A1 was further demonstrated by significant reduction of PL45 tumor uptake with a pre-injected blocking dose of 17AAG. The ex vivo PET imaging and biodistribution results were consistent with the quantitative analysis of PET imaging, demonstrating good tumor-to-muscle ratio (5.35 ± 0.46) of 64Cu-Di-San A1 at 4 h post-injection in PL45 tumor mouse xenografts. 64Cu-Di-San A1 allows PET imaging of Hsp90 expression in PL45 tumors, which may provide a non-invasive method to quantitatively characterize Hsp90 expression in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Hubing Wu
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Yumin Li
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China. .,General Surgery Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
| | - Peter S Conti
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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